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Consanguinity and Its Sociodemographic Differentials in Bhimber District, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan
J HEALTH POPUL NUTR 2014 Jun;32(2):301-313 ©INTERNATIONAL CENTRE FOR DIARRHOEAL ISSN 1606-0997 | $ 5.00+0.20 DISEASE RESEARCH, BANGLADESH Consanguinity and Its Sociodemographic Differentials in Bhimber District, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan Nazish Jabeen, Sajid Malik Human Genetics Program, Department of Animal Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320 Islamabad, Pakistan ABSTRACT Kashmiri population in the northeast of Pakistan has strong historical, cultural and linguistic affini- ties with the neighbouring populations of upper Punjab and Potohar region of Pakistan. However, the study of consanguineous unions, which are customarily practised in many populations of Pakistan, revealed marked differences between the Kashmiris and other populations of northern Pakistan with respect to the distribution of marriage types and inbreeding coefficient (F). The current descriptive epidemiological study carried out in Bhimber district of Mirpur division, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan, demonstrated that consanguineous marriages were 62% of the total marriages (F=0.0348). First-cousin unions were the predominant type of marriages and constituted 50.13% of total marital unions. The estimates of inbreeding coefficient were higher in the literate subjects, and consanguinity was witnessed to be rising with increasing literacy level. Additionally, consanguinity was observed to be associated with ethnicity, family structure, language, and marriage arrangements. Based upon these data, a distinct sociobiological structure, with increased stratification and higher genomic homozygos- ity, is expected for this Kashmiri population. In this communication, we present detailed distribution of the types of marital unions and the incidences of consanguinity and inbreeding coefficient (F) across various sociodemographic strata of Bhimber/Mirpuri population. The results of this study would have implication not only for other endogamous populations of Pakistan but also for the sizeable Kashmiri community immigrated to Europe. -
Dasu Hydropower Project
Public Disclosure Authorized PAKISTAN WATER AND POWER DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY (WAPDA) Public Disclosure Authorized Dasu Hydropower Project ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ASSESSMENT Public Disclosure Authorized EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Report by Independent Environment and Social Consultants Public Disclosure Authorized April 2014 Contents List of Acronyms .................................................................................................................iv 1. Introduction ...................................................................................................................1 1.1. Background ............................................................................................................. 1 1.2. The Proposed Project ............................................................................................... 1 1.3. The Environmental and Social Assessment ............................................................... 3 1.4. Composition of Study Team..................................................................................... 3 2. Policy, Legal and Administrative Framework ...............................................................4 2.1. Applicable Legislation and Policies in Pakistan ........................................................ 4 2.2. Environmental Procedures ....................................................................................... 5 2.3. World Bank Safeguard Policies................................................................................ 6 2.4. Compliance Status with -
Proceeding Report Pakistan Afghanistan Dialogue XII 150115
WWW.PILDAT.ORG PPAKISTAKISTANAN-AFGHANIST AFGHANISTANAN Parliamentarians’ Dialogue-XII Report December 30-31, 2014; Islamabad, Pakistan Pakistan Institute of Legislative Development A n d Tr a n s p a r e n c y WWW.PILDAT.ORG PAKISTAN-AFGHANISTAN Parliamentarians’ Dialogue-XII Report December 30-31, 2014; Islamabad, Pakistan Pakistan Institute of Legislative Development A n d Tr a n s p a r e n c y PILDAT is an independent, non-partisan and not-for-profit indigenous research and training institution with the mission to strengthen democracy and democratic institutions in Pakistan. PILDAT is a registered non-profit entity under the Societies Registration Act XXI of 1860, Pakistan. Copyright © Pakistan Institute of Legislative Development And Transparency PILDAT All Rights Reserved Printed in Pakistan Published: December 2014 ISBN: 978-969-558-470-5 Any part of this publication can be used or cited with a clear reference to PILDAT Islamabad Office: P. O. Box 278, F-8, Postal Code: 44220, Islamabad, Pakistan Lahore Office: P. O. Box 11098, L.C.C.H.S, Postal Code: 54792, Lahore, Pakistan E-mail: [email protected] | Website: www.youthparliament.pk Report Pakistan-Afghanistan Parliamentarians Dialogue XII December 30-31, 2014 CONTENTSCONTENTS Foreword Introduction Welcome & Overview 09 Discussion 11 - What Does the Change in Leadership mean for the relationship between Afghanistan 11 & Pakistan - Trade and Economic Cooperation: What has been the Progress and what is to be 11 expected? - Cooperation in Bilateral Security and Border Management -
Presentation on Water Sector Development
PRESENTATION ON WATER SECTOR DEVELOPMENT By AFTAB AHMAD KHAN SHERPAO Minister for Water and Power At Pakistan Development Forum March 18, 2004 COUNTRY PROFILE • POPULATION: 141 MILLION • GEOGRAPHICAL AREA: 796,100 KM2 • IRRIGATED AREA: 36 MILLION ACRES • ANNUAL WATER AVAILABILITY AT RIM STATIONS: 142 MAF • ANNUAL CANAL WITHDRAWALS: 104 MAF • GROUND WATER PUMPAGE: 44 MAF • PER CAPITA WATER AVAILABLE (2004): 1200 CUBIC METER CURRENT WATER AVAILABILITY IN PAKISTAN AVAILABILITY (Average) o From Western Rivers at RIM Stations 142 MAF o Uses above Rim Stations 5 MAF TOTAL 147 MAF USES o Above RIM Stations 5 MAF o Canal Diversion 104 MAF TOTAL 109 MAF BALANCE AVAILABLE 38 MAF Annual Discharge (MAF) 100 20 40 60 80 0 76-77 69.08 77-78 30.39 (HYDROLOGICAL YEAR FROMAPRILTOMARCH) (HYDROLOGICAL YEAR FROMAPRILTOMARCH) 78-79 80.59 79-80 29.81 ESCAPAGES BELOW KOTRI 80-81 20.10 81-82 82-83 9.68 33.79 83-84 45.91 84-85 29.55 85-86 10.98 86-87 26.90 87-88 17.53 88-89 52.86 Years 89-90 17.22 90-91 42.34 91-92 53.29 92-93 81.49 93-94 29.11 94-95 91.83 95-96 62.76 96-97 45.40 97-98 20.79 98-99 AVG.(35.20) 99-00 8.83 35.15 00-01 0.77 01-02 1.93 02-03 2.32 03-04 20 WATER REQUIREMENT AND AVAILABILITY Requirement / Availability Year 2004 2025 (MAF) (MAF) Surface Water Requirements 115 135 Average Surface Water 104 104 Diversions Shortfall 11 31 (10 %) (23%) LOSS OF STORAGE CAPACITY Live Storage Capacity (MAF) Reservoirs Original Year 2004 Year 2010 Tarbela 9.70 7.28 25% 6.40 34% Chashma 0.70 0.40 43% 0.32 55% Mangla 5.30 4.24 20% 3.92 26% Total 15.70 11.91 10.64 -
Pakistan-India Relations the Revived Dialogue and the Future Prospects
Background Paper Pakistan-India Relations The Revived Dialogue and the Future Prospects August 2012 Pakistan Institute of Legislative Development And Transparency Background Paper Pakistan-India Relations The Revived Dialogue and the Future Prospects August 2012 Pakistan Institute of Legislative Development And Transparency PILDAT is an independent, non-partisan and not-for-profit indigenous research and training institution with the mission to strengthen democracy and democratic institutions in Pakistan. PILDAT is a registered non-profit entity under the Societies Registration Act XXI of 1860, Pakistan. Copyright ©Pakistan Institute of Legislative Development And Transparency PILDAT All Rights Reserved Printed in Pakistan Published: August 2012 ISBN: 978-969-558-280-0 Any part of this publication can be used or cited with a clear reference to PILDAT. Published by Pakistan Institute of Legislative Development and Transparency - PILDAT Head Office : No. 7, 9th Avenue, F-8/1, Islamabad, Pakistan Lahore Office: 45-A, Sector XX, 2nd Floor, Phase III Commercial Area, DHA, Lahore Tel: (+92-51) 111-123-345; Fax: (+92-51) 226-3078 E-mail: [email protected]; Web: www.pildat.org BACKGROUND PAPER Pakistan-India Relations: The Revived Dialogue and the Future Prospects August 2012 CONTENTS Abbreviations and Acronyms Foreword About the Author Pakistan-India Relations: The Revived Dialogue and the Future Prospects 11 The Challenge of the Dialogue 11 The Latest Dialogue Process 12 Brief History of the Dialogue Process 15 Dynamics of the Dialogue Process 17 MFN Status for India 17 Other Talks on Trade and Economic Relations 18 Parliamentarians Dialogue 19 Improved Relations, No Problem Solving 21 The Issues of Immediate Concern 21 1. -
Pok New Digest
POK Volume 10 | Number 6 | June 2017 News Digest A MONTHLY NEWS DIGEST ON PAKISTAN OCCUPIED KASHMIR Compiled & Edited by Dr Priyanka Singh Dr Yaqoob-ul Hassan Political Developments Kashmiris Protest Pak Move to Declare Gilgit-Baltistan Fifth Province PM Urged to Include Shontar Bypass in CPEC Economic Murder of Gilgit-Baltistan HRCP Lauds Removal of 47 Names from ATA’s 4th Schedule in Gilgit-Baltistan Protests in Gilgit-Baltistan as OBOR Summit Opens in Beijing PM to Inaugurate Diamar Dam with Chinese Venture AJK PM Assures Chinese Investors of Security, Facilities India’s Objections on CPEC are Fake: AJK President Economic Developments Chinese Investors Keen to Invest in AJK GB Council Fails to Approve Budget even After 11 Months International Developments Delegates from Across UK Come Together Against Annexation of Gilgit-Baltistan by Pakistan China-Pak Economic Corridor hasn't Affected our Stand on Kashmir: China Former AJK PM Pleads Case for Oppressed Kashmiris During Europe Visit Norwegian Parliament to Hold Debate on Kashmir Other Developments NHA Going to Hold Survey to Connect Astore to AJK Urdu Media Council of Common Interest and Interest of Azad Kashmir CPEC! A Corridor for China to Reach Kashmir No. 1, Development Enclave, Rao Tula Ram Marg New Delhi-110 010 Jammu & Kashmir June 2017 1 In this Edition A close look at some of the reports included in the current issue reveals that Pakistan is making concerted efforts to revive its Kashmir propaganda, especially at the international level. Over the years, the Kashmir issue has been losing relevance and there is receding attention of the international community over it. -
AJK at a Glance 2009
1 2 3 DEVELOPMENT SCENARIO General Azad Jammu and Kashmir lies between longitude 730 - 750 and latitude of 33o - 36o and comprises of an area of 5134 Square Miles (13297 Square Kilometers). The topography of the area is mainly hilly and mountainous with valleys and stretches of plains. Azad Kashmir is bestowed with natural beauty having thick forests, fast flowing rivers and winding streams, main rivers are Jehlum, Neelum and Poonch. The climate is sub-tropical highland type with an average yearly rainfall of 1300 mm. The elevation from sea level ranges from 360 meters in the south to 6325 meters in the north. The snow line in winter is around 1200 meters above sea level while in summer, it rises to 3300 meters. According to the 1998 population census the state of Azad Jammu & Kashmir had a population of 2.973 million, which is estimated to have grown to 3.868 million in 2009. Almost 100% population comprises of Muslims. The Rural: urban population ratio is 88:12. The population density is 291 persons per Sq. Km. Literacy rate which was 55% in 1998 census has now raised to 64%. Approximately the infant mortality rate is 56 per 1000 live births, whereas the immunization rate for the children under 5 years of age is more than 95%. The majority of the rural population depends on forestry, livestock, agriculture and non- formal employment to eke out its subsistence. Average per capita income has been estimated to be 1042 US$*. Unemployment ranges from 6.0 to 6.5%. In line with the National trends, indicators of social sector particularly health and population have not shown much proficiency. -
Brief Description of the Northern Areas
he designation of geographical entities in this book, and the presentation of the material, do T not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IUCN concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect those of IUCN. Published by: IUCN Pakistan. Copyright: ©2003 Government of Pakistan, Northern Areas Administration and IUCN–The World Conservation Union. Reproduction of this publication for educational and other non-commercial purposes is authorised without prior permission from the copyright holders, providing the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of the publication for resale or for other commercial purposes is prohibited without prior written permission from the copyright holders. Citation: Government of Pakistan and IUCN, 2003. Northern Areas State of Environment and Development. IUCN Pakistan, Karachi. xlvii+301 pp. Compiled by: Scott Perkin Resource person: Hamid Sarfraz ISBN: 969-8141-60-X Cover & layout design: Creative Unit (Pvt.) Ltd. Cover photographs: Gilgit Colour Lab, Hamid Sarfraz, Khushal Habibi, Serendip and WWF-Pakistan. Printed by: Yaqeen Art Press Available from: IUCN–The World Conservation Union 1 Bath Island Road, Karachi Tel.: 92 21 - 5861540/41/42 Fax: 92 21 - 5861448, 5835760 Website: www.northernareas.gov.pk/nassd N O RT H E R N A R E A S State of Environment & Development Co n t e n t s Acronyms and Abbreviations vi Glossary -
Discord in Pakistan's Northern Areas
DISCORD IN PAKISTAN’S NORTHERN AREAS Asia Report N°131 – 2 April 2007 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ..................................................................................................... i I. INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................... 1 II. THE HISTORY............................................................................................................... 2 A. THE KASHMIR CONNECTION..................................................................................................2 B. ACCEDING TO PAKISTAN .......................................................................................................3 III. SIX DECADES OF CONSTITUTIONAL NEGLECT ................................................... 5 A. RETAINING THE KASHMIR CONNECTION ................................................................................5 1. Justification ................................................................................................................5 2. Enforcement ...............................................................................................................6 B. THE NORTHERN AREAS AND AJK: DIVERGENT PATHS...........................................................7 1. Constitutional and administrative development .............................................................7 2. Azad Jammu and Kashmir..........................................................................................8 3. The Northern Areas....................................................................................................8 -
AJK at a Glance 2010.Pdf
1 2 3 DEVELOPMENT SCENARIO General Azad Jammu and Kashmir lies between longitude 730 - 750 and latitude of 33o - 36o and comprises of an area of 5134 Square Miles (13297 Square Kilometers). The topography of the area is mainly hilly and mountainous with valleys and stretches of plains. Azad Kashmir is bestowed with natural beauty having thick forests, fast flowing rivers and winding streams, main rivers are Jehlum, Neelum and Poonch. The climate is sub-tropical to temperate highland type with an average yearly rainfall of 1300 mm. The elevation from sea level ranges from 360 meters in the south to 6325 meters in the north. The snow line in winter is around 1200 meters above sea level while in summer, it rises to 3300 meters. According to the 1998 population census the state of Azad Jammu & Kashmir had a population of 2.973 million, which is estimated to have grown to 3.963 million in 2010. Almost 100% population comprises of Muslims. The Rural: urban population ratio is 88:12. The population density is 298 persons per Sq. Km. Literacy rate which was 55% in 1998 census has now raised to 64%. Approximately the infant mortality rate is 56 per 1000 live births, whereas the immunization rate for the children under 5 years of age is more than 95%. The majority of the rural population depends on forestry, livestock, agriculture and non- formal employment to eke out its subsistence. National average per capita income has been estimated to be 1254 US$*. Unemployment ranges from 9.0 to 13%. In line with the National trends, indicators of social sector particularly health and population have not shown much proficiency. -
Gilgit-Baltistan: an Overview
SCHOLAR WARRIOR Gilgit-Baltistan: An Overview SENGE SERING Gilgit-Baltistan is a part of the state of Jammu and Kashmir but remains in the illegal occupation of Pakistan. It has an area of 76, 000 square kilometers, almost equal to the area of Assam. Around two million people call it their home. These include Tajiks, Dardic, Burushu and Tibetans. Farming, tourism and gem trading are the main sources of income. Economic Development In the context of macro-level development, the Government of Pakistan has adopted a top down approach with government organisations and corporations determining and leading the development projects, leaving little or no role for the local population in the decision making process. The benefits in the larger context often come in the long term but seldom accrue to the people at whose expense sacrifices have been made. For micro-level development, there is a bottom up approach mostly led by NGOs like Aga Khan Foundation. Decision making is at the grassroots level, aimed at capacity building to sustain livelihoods at the local level. Chinese Interests China’s interests mainly pertain to large scale strategic and economic projects. Locals have no role in planning, policy formulation, execution and benefit distribution. The sectors that the Chinese engage in are building trade and transit routes and tunnels, construction of dams, the energy sector, and mining of 64 ä SPRING 2012 ä SCHOLAR WARRIOR SCHOLAR WARRIOR Its location in a uranium, gold, copper and other metals and minerals. highly seismic zone Chinese are now aggressively acquiring mining sites here. Chinese future plans in the region relate to is a source of great construction of rail tracks, gas and oil pipelines. -
Status and Red List of Pakistan's Mammals
SSttaattuuss aanndd RReedd LLiisstt ooff PPaakkiissttaann’’ss MMaammmmaallss based on the Pakistan Mammal Conservation Assessment & Management Plan Workshop 18-22 August 2003 Authors, Participants of the C.A.M.P. Workshop Edited and Compiled by, Kashif M. Sheikh PhD and Sanjay Molur 1 Published by: IUCN- Pakistan Copyright: © IUCN Pakistan’s Biodiversity Programme This publication can be reproduced for educational and non-commercial purposes without prior permission from the copyright holder, provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of this publication for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without prior permission (in writing) of the copyright holder. Citation: Sheikh, K. M. & Molur, S. 2004. (Eds.) Status and Red List of Pakistan’s Mammals. Based on the Conservation Assessment and Management Plan. 312pp. IUCN Pakistan Photo Credits: Z.B. Mirza, Kashif M. Sheikh, Arnab Roy, IUCN-MACP, WWF-Pakistan and www.wildlife.com Illustrations: Arnab Roy Official Correspondence Address: Biodiversity Programme IUCN- The World Conservation Union Pakistan 38, Street 86, G-6⁄3, Islamabad Pakistan Tel: 0092-51-2270686 Fax: 0092-51-2270688 Email: [email protected] URL: www.biodiversity.iucnp.org or http://202.38.53.58/biodiversity/redlist/mammals/index.htm 2 Status and Red List of Pakistan Mammals CONTENTS Contributors 05 Host, Organizers, Collaborators and Sponsors 06 List of Pakistan Mammals CAMP Participants 07 List of Contributors (with inputs on Biological Information Sheets only) 09 Participating Institutions