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Workshop Document Classification: Document Welcome to CERN! Restricted 20-21 May 2019 Geneva, Switzerland Frédéric Hemmer CERN - IT Department 2 The Mission of CERN Push back the frontiers of knowledge E.g. the secrets of the Big Bang …what was the matter like within the first moments of the Universe’s existence? Develop new technologies for accelerators and detectors Information technology - the Web and the GRID Medicine - diagnosis and therapy Train scientists and engineers of tomorrow Unite people from different countries and cultures CERN: founded in 1954: 12 European States “Science for Peace” Today: 21 Member States ~ 2300 staff ~ 1400 other paid personnel ~ 12500 scientific users Budget (2016) ~1000 MCHF Member States: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Israel, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovak Republic, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom Associate Member States: Pakistan, Turkey States in accession to Membership: Cyprus, Romania, Serbia Applications for Membership or Associate Membership: Brazil, Croatia, India, Lithuania, Russia, Slovenia, Ukraine Observers to Council: India, Japan, Russia, United States of America; European Union, JINR and UNESCO 4 Next Scientific Challenge: to understand the very first moments of our Universe after the Big Bang Big Bang 13.8 Billion Years Today 1028 cm Big Bang Proton Atom Radius of Earth Earth to Sun Radius of Galaxies Universe LHC Super-Microscope ALMA Hubble Reproducing conditions Looking back AMS VLT 2010: a New Era in Fundamental Science LHCb CMS ATLAS Exploration of a new energy frontier in p-p and Pb-Pb collisions ALICE LHC ring: 27 km circumference Discovery 2012, Nobel Prize in Physics 2013 The Nobel Prize in Physics 2013 was awarded jointly to François Englert and Peter W. Higgs "for the theoretical discovery of a mechanism that contributes to our understanding of the origin of mass of subatomic particles, and which recently was confirmed through the discovery of the predicted fundamental particle, by the ATLAS and CMS experiments at CERN's Large Hadron Collider”. AD: Antiproton Decelerator for CERN’sCERN scientific accelerators diversity programme antimatter studies AWAKE: proton-induced plasma wakefield acceleration CAST, OSQAR: axions CLOUD: impact of cosmic rays on aeorosols and clouds implications on climate COMPASS: hadron structure and spectroscopy ISOLDE: radioactive nuclei facility NA61/Shine: heavy ions and neutrino targets NA62: rare kaon decays NA63: radiation processes in strong EM fields NA64: search for dark photons Neutrino Platform: 훎 detectors R&D for experiments in US, Japan ~20 experiments, > 1200 physicists n-TOF: n-induced cross-sections UA9: crystal collimation Future of particle physics High Luminosity LHC until 2035 • Ten times more collisions than the original design Studies in progress: Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) • Linear e+e- collider √s up to 3 TeV Future Circular Collider (FCC) • New technology magnets 100 TeV pp collisions in 100km ring • e+e- collider (FCC-ee) as 1st step? • HE-LHC in the present LHC tunnel with FCC-hh technology? European Strategy for Particle Physics • Preparing next update in 2020 CERN: Particle Physics and Innovation Interfacing between fundamental science and key technological developments CERN Technologies and Innovation Accelerating particle Detecting particles Large-scale beams computing (Grid) Medical Application as an Example of Particle Physics Spin-off Combining Physics, ICT, Biology and Medicine to fight cancer Hadron Therapy Tumour Leadership in Ion Target Beam Therapy now in Europe and Protons Japan light ions Accelerating particle beams X-ray protons ~30’000 accelerators worldwide >100’000 patients treated worldwide (45 facilities) ~17’000 used for medicine >50’000 patients treated in Europe (14 facilities) Imaging PET Scanner Clinical trial in Portugal, France and Italy for new breast imaging system (ClearPEM) Detecting particles The Worldwide LHC Computing Grid Tier-0 >170 sites in, (CERN and Hungary): 42 countries data recording, reconstruction and 750k CPU cores distribution 800 PB of storage Tier-1: permanent storage, reprocessing, analysis > 2 million jobs/day Tier-2: simulation, 35 GB/s global end-user analysis transfers WLCG: An International collaboration to distribute and analyse LHC data Integrates computer centres worldwide that provide computing and storage resource into a single infrastructure accessible by all LHC physicists CERN Education Activities Asia-Europe-Pacific Latin American School of Scientists at CERN School of High-Energy High-Energy Physics Academic Training Programme Physics Fukuoka, Japan, 2012 Puri, India, 2014 Arequipa, Peru, 2013 2016 Beijing, China Ibarra, Ecuador, 2015 2018 Quy Nhon, Vietnam San Juan del Rio, Mexico, 2017 Young Researchers CERN School of High Energy Physics CERN School of Computing CERN Accelerator School CERN School of Physics Undergraduates Italy, June-July 2018 Summer Students Programme CERN Teacher Schools International and National Public visitors Programmes 135 thousand per year Science is getting more and more global 1000 1100 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 0 18 20 22 They do not all stay: where do go? where they not all stay: do They 24 27 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 Scientists of Distribution Age 44 46 48 50 52 54 56 58 - 60 go they afterwards where and 65 >30 62 experiments in LHC 64 66 68 00 PhD students PhD 00 70 72 74 Today: 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 100 What’s happening now at CERN? Document Classification: Document Restricted Frédéric Hemmer, 21.5.2019 e-IRG Workshop 21 AD: Antiproton Decelerator for CERN’s scientific diversity programme antimatter studies AWAKE: proton-induced plasma wakefield acceleration CAST, OSQAR: axions CLOUD: impact of cosmic rays on aeorosols and clouds Classification: Document implications on climate COMPASS: hadron structure and spectroscopy ISOLDE: radioactive nuclei facility NA61/Shine: heavy ions and neutrino targets Restricted NA62: rare kaon decays NA63: radiation processes in CERN CERN accelerators strong EM fields NA64: search for dark photons Neutrino Platform: 훎 detectors R&D for experiments in US, Japan ~20 experiments, > 1200 physicists n-TOF: n-induced cross-sections UA9: crystal collimation Frédéric Hemmer, 21.5.2019 e-IRG Workshop 22 LS2 (2019-2020 period): coordination of multi projects Document Classification: Document Restricted Frédéric Hemmer, 21.5.2019 e-IRG Workshop 23 LS2 (2019-2020 period): coordination of multi projects Document Classification: Document Restricted Frédéric Hemmer, 21.5.2019 e-IRG Workshop 24 Master Schedule of the Long Shutdown 2 today Document Classification: Document Restricted Safety First Quality second Schedule third Frédéric Hemmer, 21.5.2019 e-IRG Workshop 25 LHC: LS2 planning (version 1.4) https://cern.ch/lhcdashboard/ls2 Document Classification: Document Restricted Frédéric Hemmer, 21.5.2019 e-IRG Workshop 26 Towards HL-LHC Document Classification: Document Restricted Frédéric Hemmer, 21.5.2019 e-IRG Workshop 27 Document Classification: Document (W) LHC Computing Restricted Frédéric Hemmer, 21.5.2019 e-IRG Workshop 28 Data - 2018 2018: 88 PB 14 PB in August ATLAS: 24.7 inc. parked b-physics data CMS: 43.6 LHCb: 7.3 ALICE: 12.4 Classification: Document 2018: 19.8 PB Restricted Data transfers ATLAS: 5.2 HI Run CMS: 7.7 HI Run LHCb: 1.2 18.6 PB in November ALICE: 5.7 Frédéric Hemmer, 21.5.2019 e-IRG Workshop 29 Data - 2018 2018: 88 PB 14 PB in August ATLAS: 24.7 inc. parked b-physics data CMS: 43.6 LHCb: 7.3 ALICE: 12.4 Classification: Document 2018: 19.8 PB Restricted ATLAS: 5.2 HI Run 330+ PB on tape CMS: 7.7 608 M files LHCb: 1.2 18.6 PB in November ALICE: 5.7 Frédéric Hemmer, 21.5.2019 e-IRG Workshop 30 New New peak: ~ 860 k cores continuous cores k 860 ~ ~270 M HS06 ~270 M - days/month Frédéric Hemmer, 21.5.2019 Hemmer, Frédéric 8 s CPU Delivered: HS06-hours/month r u o h - 7 6 0 S ALICE ATLAS CMS LHCb H n 6 o i l l i B 5 2018 pledges 2018 4 3 2 1 0 l l l l l l l l l r r r r r r r r r r y v y v y v y v y v y v y v y v y v n p n p n p n p n p n p n p n p n p n e u u u u u u u u u a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a o a o a o a o a o a o a o a o a o a J e J e J e J e J e J e J e J e J e J J J J J J J J J J S S S S S S S S S - N N N N N N N N N M M M M M M M M M M Delivered CPU M M M M M M M M M 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 IRG Workshop IRG 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Use of Pledges 1.8 ALICE ATLAS CMS LHCb 1.6 1.4 1.2 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 31 0.2 0 l t r r r c y c n g p v n b n b v c u a p a e a e u e o a e u a e J o J J J O F A S F D D A N M M M N 8 8 8 9 8 8 8 8 9 7 8 1 8 8 8 9 8 7 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 Restricted Document Classification: Classification: Document 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 WLCG Activity Document Classification: Document Restricted Frédéric Hemmer, 21.5.2019 e-IRG Workshop 32 Estimates of resource needs for HL-LHC CPU Needs for 1st Year of HL-LHC (kHS06) Data estimates for 1st year of HL-LHC (PB) 250000 1000 ALICE ATLAS CMS LHCb 900 ALICE ATLAS CMS LHCb 200000 800 700 150000 600 500 Classification:
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  • AWAKE! Allen Caldwell Even Larger Accelerators ?

    AWAKE! Allen Caldwell Even Larger Accelerators ?

    Swapan Chattopadhyay Symposium April 30, 2021 AWAKE! Allen Caldwell Even larger Accelerators ? Energy limit of circular proton collider given by magnetic field strength. P B R / · Energy gain relies in large part on magnet development Linear Electron Collider or Muon Collider? proton P P Leptons preferred: Collide point particles rather than complex objects But, charged particles radiate energy when accelerated. Power α (E/m)4 Need linear electron accelerator or m large (muon 200 heavier than electron) A plasma: collection of free positive and negative charges (ions and electrons). Material is already broken down. A plasma can therefore sustain very high fields. C. Joshi, UCLA E. Adli, Oslo An intense particle beam, or intense laser beam, can be used to drive the plasma electrons. Plasma frequency depends only on density: Ideas of ~100 GV/m electric fields in plasma, using 1018 W/cm2 lasers: 1979 T.Tajima and J.M.Dawson (UCLA), Laser Electron Accelerator, Phys. Rev. Lett. 43, 267–270 (1979). Using partice beams as drivers: P. Chen et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 54, 693–696 (1985) Energy Budget: Introduction Witness: Staging Concepts 1010 particles @ 1 TeV ≈ few kJ Drivers: PW lasers today, ~40 J/Pulse FACET (e beam, SLAC), 30J/bunch SPS@CERN 20kJ/bunch Leemans & Esarey, Phys. Today 62 #3 (2009) LHC@CERN 300 kJ/bunch Dephasing 1 LHC driven stage SPS: ~100m, LHC: ~few km E. Adli et al. arXiv:1308.1145,2013 FCC: ~ 1<latexit sha1_base64="TR2ZhSl5+Ed6CqWViBcx81dMBV0=">AAAB7XicbZBNS8NAEIYn9avWr6pHL4tF8FQSEeyx4MVjBfsBbSib7aZdu9mE3YkQQv+DFw+KePX/ePPfuG1z0NYXFh7emWFn3iCRwqDrfjuljc2t7Z3ybmVv/+DwqHp80jFxqhlvs1jGuhdQw6VQvI0CJe8lmtMokLwbTG/n9e4T10bE6gGzhPsRHSsRCkbRWp2BUCFmw2rNrbsLkXXwCqhBodaw+jUYxSyNuEImqTF9z03Qz6lGwSSfVQap4QllUzrmfYuKRtz4+WLbGbmwzoiEsbZPIVm4vydyGhmTRYHtjChOzGptbv5X66cYNvxcqCRFrtjyozCVBGMyP52MhOYMZWaBMi3sroRNqKYMbUAVG4K3evI6dK7qnuX761qzUcRRhjM4h0vw4AaacActaAODR3iGV3hzYufFeXc+lq0lp5g5hT9yPn8Avy+PMg==</latexit> A. Caldwell and K. V. Lotov, Phys.