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The Geographical Nomenclature of the Disputed Country Between The Geographical Nomenclature of the Disputed Country between Merv and Herat Author(s): Arminius Vambéry Source: Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society and Monthly Record of Geography, New Monthly Series, Vol. 7, No. 9 (Sep., 1885), pp. 591-596 Published by: Wiley on behalf of The Royal Geographical Society (with the Institute of British Geographers) Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1800817 . Accessed: 16/06/2014 18:39 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. The Royal Geographical Society (with the Institute of British Geographers) and Wiley are collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society and Monthly Record of Geography. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 194.29.185.82 on Mon, 16 Jun 2014 18:39:08 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions THE GEOGRAPHICALNOMENCLATURE, ETC. 591 explain the absence of old graveyards, said that they thought it likely that all who could afford it had carried their dead to Hazrat Imam (half-way between Penjdeh and Yulatan), where there are large grave? yards with numerous inscriptions, though the place itself is too small to have been inhabited by more than a few families at a time. This might indeed explain the absence of inscriptions, which would be found only on the graves of well-to-do men, but it would not explain the entire absence of old graveyards (one such does exist close to New Penjdeh, but it is neither very extensive nor very old), and I think the more likely explanation to be that the former inhabitants of Penjdeh have, in accordance with the old and still prevalent custom, had their graveyards on the hills bordering the valley, and they are now buried under the sand, which is steadily advancing in several places, and more par- ticularly near the old town on the right bank of the river, where the Sariks showed me some high hills covering ground which on their arrival twenty-eight years ago had been a fertile plain. This sudden and violent advance of the sandhills is, however, limited to two distinct spots in the valley; elsewhere the advance is very slow, and in some places almost imperceptible. The Geographical Nomenclature of the disjouted eountry between Merv and Herat By Aeminius Vambery. Geographers are but rarely philologists and still rarer Orientalists. Owing to this deficiency we find that a large number of the proper names of the oro-, hydro-, and topography of Central Asia has been remitted to the student of geography in an erroneous form, and having been thus put down in our maps, I am sorry to remark that most of them are sadly wanting a revise. It is not merely the much and fre- quently discussed method of transcription whicb has caused the evil, but rather the utter ignorance of modern travellers in the respective eastern languages, and consequently the incapability of noting down correctly the proper names heard by them on the ground of their ex? ploration. To this we may add the difficulty of transcribing Persian, Arabic, and particularly Turkish words with an English or Eussian alphabet, where in the former the o, ii, hh, and j (French), in the latter the o, ii, and h are wanting, so that the best intentions must fail, and correctness, so essential in geographical nomenclature, must get the worst of it. To revise the maps of all Central Asia is a task arduous beyond measure; and in spite of my having undertaken it years ago, I do not flatter myself with hope of eradicating long-standing mistakes by the This content downloaded from 194.29.185.82 on Mon, 16 Jun 2014 18:39:08 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions 592 THE GEOGRAPHICALNOMENCLATURE OF THE publication of my large Geographical Dictionary, which will soon be ready. With Merv and the Badghiz, however, the case is a different one. Here the geographical names have come quite reeently into use, they have not taken yet a firm root with readers and students of geography, and a revised nomenclature may well succeed to establish a correct spelling of the proper names instead of the erroneous one. This is the reason for my publishing the present paper, and I have only to regret that the cartographical material at my disposal is a limited one, and that consequently such names may have been left out which occur on maps unknown to me. In my method of transcription I have followed the one usual with English geographers, adding however for the sake of correctness the Persian and Turkoman orthography of the respective names. It is only ' to the names given by M. Lessar on his map published in the Scottish Geographical Magazine' (vol. i., Nos. 5 and 6) that I added an L, being a reference to that traveller, whilst to others, such as the diagram of ' Sir Henry Eawlinson published in the Nineteenth Century,' April 1885, ' of Mr. Boulger, published in his Central Asian Question,' &c, no reference has been made. The abbreviations used are, r. = rectius, T = Turkish, A = Arabic, P = Persian. T. Adam-ulan (L.), *$A *d\, i- e. the fordof Adam or "of the man "; name of a well of freshwater in the deserteast of Pul-i-Khatun. T. Aimak-Djer, r. Aimak-yar,on the left bank of the Murghab, six miles in the northof Pul-i-Khishti. T. Aj-elan-guzer(L.), r. Ay-ulan, .^A \ i. e. "themoon passage"; name ofa passage across the Lower Murghab, about 14 miles south of Yol-oten. The Persian wordguzer, meaninga passage, is quite superfluoushere. T. ATcarchislime (L.), r. Akar-chashma,&+?*>? &\> i-e? "tne flowingfountain"; a place in the northof the Elbirin-kyr. " T. Baba-hember(L.), r. Baba kamber,jjj \j\j, i. e. fatherKamber"; the name of a Turkomansaint and of a place on the Lower Murghab. P. Badghiz, u$, &\j, name of the districtbetween the Murghaband the Heri-rud, stretchingon the northto the edge of the desert. The older and more correct = spelling of this word is Badkhiz, p^- &\j, being derivedfrom bad wind and " Tchiz= to rise; it means, therefore, the place where the wind rises." P. Bala-Murghab, t^\pwc ^)b> *?e? the Upper Murghab, in distinctionto Payin- Murghab = the Lower Murghab,by which name this river is designated from Penjdeh downwards. T. Borlcut,r. Borkiit, C->*5, ^>> name of a mountain,being a series of hills, by which the Paropamisus unites with the Elburz range, or Persian Mountains. Borkiitmeans an eagle (aquila fulva or chrysaetos). T. ChakmaTcU, JjJL^jU*-,a place to the east of the Zulfikar Pass and in the " south of Kungrueli, literallymeaning the place of flints." This content downloaded from 194.29.185.82 on Mon, 16 Jun 2014 18:39:08 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions DISPUTED COUNTRY BETWEEN MERV AND HERAT. 593 " ?^ an P. Chaman-i-bed,r. Chemeni-bid,^.J o-?~r> u e# ^e meao^ow willow," evident allusion to that kind of treesgrowing on thatmeadow. " P. Char-bag(L.), r. Chihar-bag,$\> Aa>., i. e. fourgardens," properly one garden divided into four equal parts, as usual in CentralAsia; name of a place 10 miles south of Yol-oten. " T. ChepM-Tepe(L.),t. Chopli-Tepe,sjj i>*>? i- e* *he thistle mound"; name of a place on the left bank of the Lower Murghab,about 34 miles south of Yol-oten. P. Cheshme-i-Sebz,lw &^?*>?, name of a place and of a pass in the Borkiit mountain. P. Ghihil *?e-" " name of a in the Nihalshini Pass. Ghez,^ Afe-* fortyyards ; place niodern travellersas means P. Dahan, r. Dihan, t0lfc>?,translated by English gap, literallymouth, entrance, embouchure. the Zalfikar T. Bangli, r. Dengli, ^-iio J, name of a tower in Pass, literally meaningthe tryingplace. It occurs also as Deng, which means try, r. i#e# "tlie stone tue PersiarL T. Dash-kepri, Dash-koprii, <Jj>,y O**^' bridSe?" name of whichis Pul-i-khishti,"the brickbridge." Name of a bridgewhere the Khushk flowsinto the Murghab. " T. A. Dash robat,r. Dash-rabat, i^U. (jiU, the stone building." the tableland of nnder which name T. Elbirin-kyr (L.), oji ^ jAjJV Elbirin, M. Lessar designatesthe chain of hills stretchingfrom the Heri-rud eastwards round the Ir-ulan Lake towardsthe Khushk. The literal meaningof Elbirin is sufficient,enough, but I cannot make out the relation of such an adjective to the tableland in question. " P. Garmab, r. Ghermab,^^\^S, i-e. hot water"; name ofa pass or routesouth of Pul-i-Khatun. T. GeoJe-Tepe,&JJ CD*S, r. Gok-Tepe," the greenmound,"a name of several places in the Turkoman country. There is one Geok in the east, and one in the south of Merv (L.). r. he. the reservoirof the Khan, P. Gouz-i-Khan(L.), Hauz-i-Khan, ^U>- <J>*y-? on the road fromMerv to Sarakhs ; also the name of a ruin on the bank of the Khushk. r. Gorlen or a near the Khombau Pass T. Gulran or Gurlan, Giirlen, ^jy, place to the northof the Borkiit mountain. (iiiiien is also the name of a town in Khiva, and means literallynoisy, clashing, trembling.
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