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La Banca Comercial Cubana: Propuestas De Desarrollo La Banca Comercial Cubana: Propuestas De Desarrollo

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La Banca Comercial Cubana: Propuestas De Desarrollo La Banca Comercial Cubana: Propuestas De Desarrollo LA BANCA COMERCIAL CUBANA: PROPUESTAS DE DESARROLLO LA BANCA COMERCIAL CUBANA: PROPUESTAS DE DESARROLLO El sistema bancario ejerce un impacto significativo en el desarrollo próspero y sostenible de un país y en el bienestar de la población. La acción de la banca, a través de sus funciones de apoyo a las transacciones comerciales y financieras, la canalización del ahorro hacia la inversión, la financiación a los Coordinador actores económicos, la contribución a los equilibrios macroeconómicos, la Francisco Fidel Borrás Atiénzar influencia sobre la eficiencia, el respaldo a la equidad social y los incentivos Coordinador al cuidado del medio ambiente, está presente en todos los ejes estratégicos del país. Atiénzar Borrás Fidel Francisco Los retos actuales de la banca cubana se acrecientan a la luz del perfecciona- miento del modelo económico y social de la nación, los desafíos del entorno internacional y las incidencias futuras de la pandemia de la COVID-19. La obra La banca comercial cubana: propuestas de desarrollo contiene los principales resultados de investigación de un grupo de académicos de diferentes universidades del país, funcionarios de varias instituciones bancarias y directivos de la Asociación Nacional de Economistas y Contado- res de Cuba, unidos en un propósito común: fundamentar propuestas para el fortalecimiento del sistema bancario cubano. Tanto la argumentación conceptual de las diferentes temáticas como las propuestas de innovación, de incuestionable aporte científico, ofrecen a los decisores de políticas importantes contribuciones a considerar en la toma de decisiones y a los demás lectores una fuente valiosa para el conocimiento de la banca cubana y las futuras investigaciones. Asociación Nacional de Economistas y Contadores DE DESARROLLO PROPUESTAS de Cuba CUBANA: LA BANCA COMERCIAL ANEC 7 789590 723940 LA BANCA COMERCIAL CUBANA: PROPUESTAS DE DESARROLLO LA BANCA COMERCIAL CUBANA: PROPUESTAS DE DESARROLLO Francisco Fidel Borrás Atiénzar Coordinador La Habana, 2020 LA BANCA COMERCIAL CUBANA: PROPUESTAS DE DESARROLLO © Francisco Fidel Borrás Atiénzar, 2020 © Sobre la presente edición: Editorial Universitaria Félix Varela, 2020 ISBN 978-959-07-2394-0 La imagen de cubierta es una obra de la serie Summer in My Garden cedida por el Maestro Ernesto Villanueva Morera. Edición, corrección, diseño, ilustraciones y emplane: Ing. José Quesada Pantoja EDITORIAL UNIVERSITARIA FÉLIX VARELA Calle A No. 703, esq. a 29, Vedado, La Habana, Cuba [email protected] www.epfv.com.cu AUTORES ADELFA DIGNORA ALARCÓN ARMENTEROS MARÍA CONSUELO AMENEIRO TORRES JORGE BARRERA ORTEGA ALEJANDRO FEDERICO BERMÚDEZ RIVACOBA FRANCISCO FIDEL BORRÁS ATIÉNZAR PATRICIA BUIGAS MAYOR JOSÉ ARTURO COUZO VILLARREAL ALEJANDRO CRUZ MARTÍNEZ LOURDES AINTZANE DELGADO CORRONS CARLOS ALEJANDRO DÍAZ SCHERY LOURDES ESCOBEDO ALMENDRAL ESTELA GERTRUDIS ESPINOSA MARTÍNEZ ANISABEL REGLA GÁLVEZ FERNÁNDEZ JORGE AQUILINO GONZÁLEZ GARCÍA OSCAR LUIS HUNG PENTÓN MERCEDES LÓPEZ MARRERO DAVID EXPÓSITO MARTÍNEZ SENIA RODRÍGUEZ RODRÍGUEZ EDUARDO MANDINA ECHEVARRÍA LAZARA DENIA MUÑOZ DE ARMAS HAPPY SALAS FUENTE CARLOS MANUEL SOUZA VIAMONTES INÉS JOSEFINA TORRES MORAS KATIA ZAYAS RAMOS OSDAIS IRAELIO ZULETA GAVILANES CARTAS INSTITUCIONALES BETSY ANAYA CRUZ Directora del Centro de Estudios de la Economía Cubana de la Universidad de La Habana Con gran regocijo he recibido en mis manos esta obra. Este sentimiento combina la satisfacción de ver un trabajo culminado tan preciso y oportuno, con el hecho de que su coordinación haya estado a cargo de un prestigioso profesor de nuestro claustro, colega y amigo. Desde el año 2011 el país está inmerso en un proceso de actualización de su modelo económico y social, que enfrenta múltiples desafíos. Se aspira a construir un modelo de sociedad socialista próspera y sostenible, con una mayor participación de actores diversos, propósitos para los cuales el rol de la banca resulta clave en medio del siglo XXI. Se considera indispensable resaltar la integralidad de la obra en sí, que abarca una variedad de tópicos que van desde el vínculo de la banca comercial con el sector estatal, con los nuevos actores económicos, su importancia para apoyar actividades productivas y ampliar la capacidad de compra de los hogares, entre otras múltiples temáticas. El hecho de que se beba de las experiencias internacionales y se extraigan posibles adecuaciones a nuestra realidad, es otro de sus múltiples méritos. Se valora como muy positivo el balance entre los obstáculos que presenta la actividad bancaria para poder cumplir a cabalidad sus funciones, tanto pro- pios como del entorno internacional, y todo su potencial como instrumento económico básico para apoyar un proceso de transformación exitoso. Resulta relevante el enfoque propositivo de los artículos que conforman este libro, que lo colocan como material indispensable para quienes tienen a su cargo la conducción de la actualización en Cuba, pero también para todos los vinculados al sector bancario. Del mismo modo debe contemplarse como material docente de referencia para los estudios de posgrado. SILVIA ODRIOZOLA GUITART Decana de la Facultad de Economía de la Universidad de La Habana El libro La banca comercial cubana: propuestas de desarrollo, elaborado por un amplio equipo de académicos y especialistas bancarios, representa un indudable y oportuno aporte científico al desarrollo de la banca cubana y al perfeccionamiento del modelo económico y social cubano. El sistema bancario juega un papel muy importante en la estabilidad econó- mica del país, en el apoyo a las transacciones y financiamiento de los actores económicos y en el bienestar de la población. Es por ello que el análisis crítico de las brechas que aún existen y las propuestas de cambios en las políticas y gestión de las instituciones bancarias, abordados por los autores, son de gran significación para el mejoramiento de la eficacia del sector y su impacto en la sociedad cubana. Es importante destacar la diversidad y complejidad de los temas estudiados que abarcan desde las relaciones de la banca con las empresas, las nuevas formas de gestión y los actores territoriales, hasta las problemáticas de la ges- tión de los riesgos, la informatización de los productos y procesos bancarios, la inclusión financiera, la supervisión bancaria, la innovación financiera, entre otros. La obra que se presenta tiene una gran utilidad para la docencia de pregrado en la carrera de Economía, pues se corresponde con parte de los contenidos de su plan de estudio. TANIA FITÓ HERNÁNDEZ Presidenta del Banco Popular de Ahorro A casi dos lustros del inicio de la aplicación de la Nueva Política Económica y Social, aprobada en el mes de abril de 2011 en el VI Congreso del Partido Comunista de Cuba, y de la entrada en vigor, en diciembre de ese mismo año, del Decreto-Ley No. 289 “De los créditos a las personas naturales y otros servicios bancarios”, es pertinente afirmar que el sistema bancario cubano ha ganado en experiencia y resultados en la implementación de múltiples medidas alineadas con estos documentos rectores. El libro que hoy nos obsequia un colectivo de autores que, directa o indirecta- mente ha participado en este interesante, pero complejo proceso, nos facilita, de forma resumida y didáctica, acceder a los desafíos y logros obtenidos en este multidisciplinario accionar. Con una estructura que nos permite conocer las diferentes aristas en que la banca comercial cubana ha incursionado, en pos de la materialización de los nuevos procedimientos. Paralelamente nos ilustra sobre las principales dificultades que nos afectan para seguir avanzando en la automatización de los servicios bancarios, la cual constituye una de las bases fundamentales en la informatización de la sociedad. También se hace referencia a las tendencias y buenas prácticas internacionales, sirviendo de manual de estudio para futuros emprendimientos. Por su valor teórico y conceptual, su actualidad y sencillez narrativa, cons- tituyendo una primera tentativa de unificar en un único volumen diversos tópicos de la actividad bancaria, en el nuevo contexto histórico que atraviesa la nación, lo consideramos de gran utilidad práctica y obligado referente para quienes se interesen por estas temáticas. ORLANDO LÓPEZ GARCÉS Presidente del Banco Metropolitano El rol e importancia de la actividad bancaria se constata por su activa par- ticipación en el conjunto de operaciones, tanto con personas jurídicas como naturales, que contribuyen al desenvolvimiento de la economía en su con- junto, estando presente su accionar en un amplio espectro que abarca desde la gestión de los riesgos bancarios hasta el desarrollo de financiamientos a los nuevos actores de la gestión económica. El libro en cuestión, por su contenido y el enfoque de los artículos que pre- senta, constituye un aporte en el orden científico y técnico al desarrollo de la banca cubana, coadyuvando al cumplimiento de los acuerdos adoptados en el VI y VII Congresos del Partido Comunista de Cuba. Particular relevancia reviste el análisis de la problemática de las actividades bancarias actuales realizadas por los autores en un abarcador conjunto de importantes temas, presentando propuestas de cambios para alcanzar la efectividad en la gestión bancaria y, con ello, contribuir al desarrollo eco- nómico del país. Por las razones expuestas anteriormente, este libro debe constituir una re- ferencia para el estudio y las investigaciones de los temas financieros, tanto para la preparación profesional del personal bancario como en las actividades
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