A Quaker Weekly •

VOLUME 1 SEPTEMBER 24, 1955 NUMBER 13

IN THIS ISSUE

#ewe do not feel we are m'aking progress or advance­ New Insights in Old Testament ment of our hearts in devo­ tion such as we should wish, Research-Part I by Herbert F. Hahn . do not let us be troubled. Let us live in peace, and let tran­ quillity always reign in our hem·ts. It is our part dili­ Early Years of Arch Street Meeting gently to cultivate our souls, and therefore we must faith­ House by Edwin B. Bronner fully attend to it; but, as for the abundance of the crop or harvest, let us leave that ir~ our Lord's hands. The hus­ Whitsuntide Retreat in Finland bandman will never be repre­ by Hildegarde H. von Laue hended for not having a good harvest, but only if he did not carefully till and sow his ground.- ST. FRANCIS DE SALES A Cloud of Witnesses . . by Elwood Cronk

Books-Our London Letter

FIFTEEN CENTS A COPY $4.00 A YEAR 194 FRIENDS JOURNAL September 24, 1955

A Cloud of Witnesses FRIENDS JOURNAL Young Friends Conference of North America, 1955 ITH a period of worship Young Friends who had W come from Canada, Mexico, Jamaica, Wales, Ireland, Africa, and England gathered at Quaker Haven, Indiana, August 27 through September 3, to share the conference theme of "Christian Love." It was exciting to feel the walls of diversity come tum­ bling down during our periods of worship, discussion, and play. Things began slowly, gained momentum, and finished Published weekly at 1515 Cherry Street, Philadelphia 2, with high hopes and joyous expectancy. We moved fonvard Pennsylvania (Rittenhouse 6-7669) By Frien

ESTABLISHED 1955 PHILADELPHIA, SEPTEMBER 24, 1955 VOL. 1-No. 13

Editorial Comments The All-Too-Conscious Artist a survey listing daily and weekly newspapers which do EWS of the death of Thomas Mann a few weeks not take alcohol advertisements. The number of totally N ago set off a shower of admiring comments from "dry" daily newspapers is 190. The partially "dry" ones all countries, and praise of this brilliant artist will con­ are listed as follows: 107 carry no liquor and wine adver­ tinue for a long time to come. Already during his life­ tisements, and 135 no liquor advertisements. The fol­ time he had become a figure in world literature. His lowing states have no completely "dry" dailies: Arizona, native Germany· is certain to rank him among the fore­ Delaware, Idaho, Montana, Wisconsin, New Hampshire, most masters of the German language, whatever his South Dakota, Vermont, Wisconsin, and Wyoming. States critics may say about his contribution to human values with the largest number of "dry" dailies are Pennsyl­ and spiritual life. One of them called him a writer vania, with 24; Texas, with 19; New York, with 17; without the dimension of transcendence, alien to the Illinois, with 14; Iowa and Kansas, with 13 each; and entire realm of spiritual elevation. Thomas Mann was North Carolina, with 12. The totally "dry" weeklies in too conscious and ambitious a craftsman to give his the United States number 2,121, with smaller figures of world-wide audience a work aiming at prophetic crea­ those excluding only liquor and wine. tion. He enchanted a lost world. His irony and intellect The massive power of the alcohol industry in con­ penetrated the psychology of modern man more search­ trolling the editorial section of our dailies and weeklies ingly than Galsworthy and Gide ever were able to do. is as well known as the temptation for any publication But even his biblical Joseph novels are more a canvas to succumb to the lure of a liberal revenue from such of brilliant colors than a tapestry of spiritual symbolism. sources. Many a daily or weekly is struggling along on This great artist was too sophisticated and skeptical a small income and might well need more advertising to raise our sights to eternal and spiritual values. He income. It is to the credit of the owners and editors knew that his artistic qualities were insufficient to feed of more papers than has generally been assumed that our hungry souls but hoped that his creations would they resist the attraction which the easy money from at least nourish our longing for something above our­ the alcohol industry offers them. selves. Tolstoy, whom he admired, had a genius for opening windows toward heaven at the most unexpected A Global Study of Juvenile Delinquency moments. And the great Russian writers of the last Juvenile delinquency was one of the five major topics century still speak above the cruelties of their country at the August meeting of the first U.N. Congress on the to the needs of their own people and to all of us. Wil­ Prevention of Crime and Treatment bf Offenders held liam Faulkner, T . S. Eliot, and Bernanos in France at Geneva. A 184-page preparatory report stressed that make us feel again that all enduring art is inspired by a juvenile delinquency is rising in some · industrialized religious orientation. It was Mann's fate never to give countries, while there is evidence of decline in ° others. "a lost world even the shadow of a saving truth to No known program has yet been proved completely grasp," as he sadly said of himself. Beauty is a significant effective. Juvenile delinquency, incidentally referring part of God's creation. So is the art of psychological only to juveniles who have committed a criminal offense, understanding. Did he judge himself too harshly? We is very slight or does not exist at all in areas where the may not find all we seek in Thomas Mann's tales; yet, family is still the center of community life. But putting we, too, shall have to be grateful for the rare gifts which the blame on parents alone will not solve the problem. were bestowed upon him. They need help themselves in adjusting their children to the rapid social changes taking place. Broken homes, Dry Papers incompetent parents and mothers at work are 0 only .a The National Temperance and Prohibition Council few of the factors to be considered. Society as a whole (209 Ninth Street, Pittsburgh 22, Pa.) has just completed needs to study what effect the "general tolerant attitude" 195 196 FRIENDS JOU:E,.NAL -September 24, 1955 toward unethical business practices and soc.lal relations yeung people ne~d to find constructive outlet for their has as well as the prevailing lad{-of respect for the la'o/. energy in organi~ed and attractive leisure activities. A society which regards economic success and competi­ The U.N. report deals with a great variety of situa­ tion as major social goals must strive to make the tions all over the world. In certain countries of the strengthening of moral life equally urgent. Schools must Near East and Asia whipping of juvenile offenders is provide social and psychological services for problem children. Teachers must be carefully selected and prop­ still permitted. The exchange of experiences at Geneva erly paid. Religious influences will have to take into can stress only the need of each nation to mobilize its account the changing times in which we live. More own resources at home.

New Insights in Old Testament Research-Part I By HERBERT F. HAHN

HE general reader has seldom been interested in scripts and the original Hebrew and Greek texts of the Twhat scholars have to say about the Bible. Either Bible. the work of the scholars has been so technical that the "Higher criticism," or the literary and historical public failed to see any practical use in it, or the results study of the Bible, grew out of the observations made of scholarly study have given rise to an uncomfortable by certain scholars regarding the contents of the first book feeling that technical analysis of the Bible was somehow in the Bible, the book of Genesis. They noticed, for ex­ detrimental to the faith. Often the scholars seemed to be ample, that there were two accounts of some stories, such writing merely for each other, learnedly expounding as the two versions of the creation story in Genesis 1 and theories that could interest only an academic mind. Genesis 2. There were other stories which seemed to have Whenever an inkling of what they were driving at did been woven together from two different versions, without reach the general public, those who took their Bible smoothing out all the discrepant details. The flood story, seriously wondered whether it was right to study the for example, in one verse has two animals of each species Bible like any other ancient book and to treat its con­ entering the ark and in another verse seven of each. The tents as past history instead of as God's revelation to story of Joseph, likewise, says in one place that he was man. Lately, however, a new kind of Bible study has taken into Egypt by Midianites and in another place been coming to the fore, which has more than academic by Ishmaelites. The same story, moreover, at one time interest and seems reassuring to the faithful. It is the makes Reuben, at another time, Judah, the guiding purpose of this and the next article briefly to trace the spirit in softening Joseph's fate. Details such as these, course of Bible studies in recent years and to assess the along with the further observation that two different value of the results for the general reader. names for God occurred in the Hebrew text of Genesis, suggested to one of the early scholars that Moses must Higher Criticism have made use of two different narratives in composing During the nineteenth century and the early years of the book, simply weaving them together into a continu­ the twentieth, the center of Bible studies was in Ger­ ous history without changing the alternate names of many. The theological faculties of the German universi­ God. (In the English Bible these names are usually ties had developed a tradition of impartial and unfet­ translated Jehovah and the Lord God.) This theory tered research which provided a favorable atmosphere began to seem quite plausible when another scholar dis­ for scholarly study of the Bible. They worked out a new covered that there were words or phrases characteristic method of investigating the Bible known as the "higher of the passages containing one name of God but not criticism," with the purpose of analyzing the literary characteristic of the other. These stylistic characteristics, structure of the various books, the actual authorship of which also corresponded to differences of thought and the various parts of the books, and the historical circum­ spiritual outlook, occurred more or less consistently stances under which they were written. The new method throughout the book of Genesis, indicating that at least was given its curious name to distinguish it from "lower · two main narratives had been interwoven in order to criticism," which dealt with the study of old manu- produce the book in its present form.

Herbert F. Hahn teaches English and Bible at the Pingry School Order and Consistency in Elizabeth, New Jersey. He is the author of The Old Testament This sort of literary analysis was applied to most of in Modern Research, Muhlenberg Press, 1954. Part II of this article will appear next w~ek. · the other books of the Old Testament, with results that Septenaber 24, 1955 fRIENDS JOURNAL 197 threw a good deal of light upon the character of the period, but was due to the pernaanent significance of its biblical books and the nature of their contents. The basic doctrines. These doctrines the "higher critics" had scholars discovered that few of the books were written strangely neglected. by the naen whose nanaes were affixed to thena; that To be sure, criticisna had accomplished nauch in por­ naany of the books were conaposite, having been cona­ traying the history of Israel and its religion as a chapter piled £rona sources of varying age and different types; in hunaan history. But the very tendency to secularize and that the oldest portions in each book _did not always the history naade it the naore difficult to denaonstrate the conae first. Perhaps the naost interesting result of the inaportance of the subject. It placed Old Testanaent re­ scholars' investigations was the fact that they could now ligion on the sanae plane with all other religions and arrange the contents of the Old Testanaent in chrono­ interpreted its history in exactly the same ternas as theirs. logical order (which does not correspond to the order But if Old Testanaent religion was of no naore signifi­ in the Bible). The significance of this rearrangement cance than Greek religion or the superstitions of the was that it naade possible the study of the actual history Bantus, what point was there in devoting such nainute out of which the Old Testanaent literature had grown. attention to its literature as the critics expended upon When the various "docunaents" of the Old Testanaent it? The naonotheistic, universal religion of Israel was a were studied in chronological order, they revealed an unique achievenaent in history. Even a scientific critic apparent developnaent in Israel's religion £rona simple, had the obligation to explain the significance of that prinaitive beginnings to a highly conaplex stage at the achievenaent. Because the "higher criticisna" had failed end. Old Testanaent history was therefore rewritten to do so, it is snaall wonder that by the tinae the Hitler along evolutionary lines to conforna with the facts indi­ reginae put an end to "scientific" study of the Bible such cated by the literary analysis of the Bible. critical research had already lost naost of its appeal. In carrying out the task of historical reconstruction, the scholars followed the naethods of scientifi<;: history as Our London Letter practiced by the great Gernaan historians of the nine­ September 7, 1955 teenth century- that is, they treated the docunaents of N Septenaber 27 a mission of British Friends hopes the Old Testanaent as historical source naaterials, ignor­ O to set off by air for China on a naonth's visit. For ing everything tradition or dognaa said about the naean­ several years now Friends here have sought to establish ing of the docunaents. Their task, as they saw it, was to contacts with the new China in the hope of fostering search for the facts of history and to draw £rona thena good will and understanding, and it is over two years only such conclusions as the facts warranted. The result since the Friends Peace Conanaittee formed a China was a view of Old Testanaent history that was rational Group. and coherent, in which the various data fell neatly into Since the invitation, conaing £rona the Chinese Peace place and the events of one period grew logically out of Conamittee, arrived on August 9, Friends have naoved those of the preceding period. Order and consistency rapidly in gathering the party of five (with possibly a had been brought into a hitherto confusing story. later addition) which is to go. The naission will consist Limitations of Gerald Bailey, Janet W. Rees, Johanne Madsen Rey­ But while the scholars thus increased our knowledge nolds, Christopher B. Taylor, and J. Duncan Wood. The of Old Testanaent history, the results of their work first and last of these are probably known by nanae if were never entirely satisfactory to the average reader of not in person to naany readers of the FRIENDS JoURNAL. the Bible. This 'interest in history for its own sake, this Gerald Bailey has been a naember of the Quaker inter­ preoccupation with the literature of the past regardless national teana at successive United Nations Assenablies of its meaning for the present, seenaed to be naere anti­ in Paris and New York, and was one of the British quarianisna. It failed to give any significant naeaning to Friends Mission to Moscow in 1951. He expects, in fact, the writings with which it dealt. It was all very well to to bring news of the China Mission to Friends in Anaer­ explain how the books of the Old Testanaent grew out ica before returning bonae, as he hopes to fly the Pacific, of particular historical circunastances and how they re­ join the U. N. teana in New York again, and to lecture flected inaportant religious developnaents in ancient in Chicago and the Middle West for the American tinaes. But it did not explain why the sacred Scr~ptures Friends Service Conanaittee, delivering the Rufus Jones had been preserved and revered for so long. The average Lecture at State CoJlege, Penns.ylvania. He is due to lec­ reader instinctively felt that the importance of the Bible ture also at the Universities of Rutgers (New Jersey) down through the ages was not the result of the accuracy and Syracuse (New York). Duncan Wood was in the with which it reflected the religious ideas of an ancient U. N. Quaker teana last year in New York and has been 198 FRIENDS JOURNAL September 24, 1955 on the staff, latterly as secretary, at Quaker House, Whitsuntide Retreat in Finland Geneva, since 1952. He has had some experience of INNISH Friends held their annual retreat this year on China, having served there in ihe Friends Ambulance F Whitsuntide week end, May 28 to 30, at the old country Unit from 1940 to 1945, serving during his last year as; house, Sturgard, on the island of Krako south of Borga chairman of the Council of the F.A.U.'s China Section. (Porvoo). About 30 Finnish Friends and friends of the Friends Of the other three members of the mission, Janet attended, among them a group of younger people active in Rees is a leading Friend who worked in China (with the Finnish Workcamp Association and a group of students some interruption caused by the war) from 1922 to 1947. and teachers from Viittakivi, a folk school in the Danish Her husband, the Rev. Ronald D. Rees, was for many sense of the term for adult education, with a special interna­ years a Methodist missionary in China. Christopher B. tional character. Five other countries were also represented, Taylor, treasurer of the Friends Service Council, is Sweden by Anna Breitholtz, England by Charles Marland, also a well-known Friend in this country and has trav­ Holland by Joop Frakking, Japan by Hidehiko Sazanami, eled on behalf of the F.S.C. to Madagascar, Geneva, and the United States by Esther Williams and Roberta Selleck Vienna, India, and Pakistan. Previously he did relief (both of whom had been teaching at Viittakivi), Brad Absetz, work in Vienna and Calcutta. Johanne Madsen Rey­ and Theodore and Hildegarde von Laue. Sturgard is an old farm typical of many in southern Fin­ nolds was born in Viborg, Denmark, and is married to land, a white manor house on a low knoll surrounded by red Tony Reynolds, who served with the Friends Service barns and outbuildings. The house itself has been rented by Unit in China. She herself went out to China as an the Helsingfors Friends, who run it as a rest home throughout F.S.C. worker in 1940 and remained in Szechwan, West the year under the management of one of their members, China, until 1946. Elisabeth Lindeman. Fertile farmlands lead down to the sea The party hopes to travel via India and Hong Kong, on all sides. In the quiet inlet to the east old schooners lie spending a day in Delhi and possibly conferring with at anchor, still in use for carrying gravel from the island to India leaders. Friends expect to reach Hong Kong on Helsingfors, and on the other side of the island are clusters October 1 and Peking on October 3, where they will be of little houses with two ever-present signs of the inhabitants' told the details of their program. They will probably industry, the fishing nets spread out to dry and the tall piles spend two periods of about a week in Peking and travel of cordwood, neatly peeled and waiting for a boat to carry to northeast China, Shanghai, and other eastern cities. them to a cellulose factory. The air was full of the cries of curlews, and we often saw these large birds with their long If at all possible, they hope that some of them at least curved bills stalking through the newly ploughed fields. Cow­ may visit Szechwan, where British Friends work was slips, white anemones, and the incessant call of a bold cuckoo, formerly largely centered. In Peking they may have talks perched on the still-bare top of a birch tree where all could with the Chinese Peace Committee, the Chinese Insti­ see him well, reminded us that spring was near at last. tute of Foreign Affairs, and officials of the Foreign Much as this setting added to the meaning of the retreat, Ministry. Throughout their journey they hope to have the essential contribution was that of ;he participants. Olga opportunities of meeting Christian leaders. It may be Heikel, clerk of Helsingfors Monthly Meeting, had ably or­ that as in recent visits, official and unofficial, of Friends ganized and planned the retreat. Ina Rydman and Esther to the U.S.S.R., they will renew contacts made in China Williams provided the theme for the week end with their by other Friends since 1952. The most recent visit of papers on "Suffering." Ina Rydman's paper was a compre­ individual Friends to China took place only last month, hensive piece of work touching on many aspects of the prob­ when Kathleen Lonsdale and Phoebe Cusden were mem­ lem, and she furthermore presented it both in English and in Finnish. Esther Williams' was a subtle analysis of one bers of a goodwill mission which included several mem­ special form of suffering, the inner suffering caused by the bers of Parliament. isolation of the individual in society, as well as of the many The visit will cost about £2,500, £500 of which will paradoxes involved in living and how these are related to the come from the balance of the Nobel Peace Prize which whole problem of human suffering. The fruit of m1n h reflec­ the Friends Service Counsel shared with the American tion, these papers in turn stimulated further thoughtful dis­ Friends Service Committee in 1947. The Friends Peace cussion, leading to a realization, among other things, of the Committee is sponsoring an appeal, commended to spiritual strength that should result from suffering. Friends by Meeting for Sufferings, to raise the balance. Greta Langenskiold's sensitivity and skill as an interpreter As in the case of the missions, first of British Friends in the trilingual discussion (Finnish, Swedish, and English) and recently of American Friends, to the U.S.S.R., no were a constant source of gratitude and admiration. Charles doubt Friends on both sides of the Atlantic and in other Marland provided an infectious good cheer, and we appre­ parts of the world will unite in praying for God's bless­ ciated his ability always to produce the right and exact Bibli­ cal quotation for which the rest of us groped. Olav Rikberg ing on the visit. JoAN HEWIIT brought many fresh insights to the discussion resulting from September 24, l955 FRIENDS JOURNAL 199 his work as a psychiatrist with alcoholics. Deryk Siven again On our last evening Anna Breitholtz and Hidehiko Sazanami could make a special contribution, growing out of his experi­ told us why they had recently become Friends. These are ence with clergy in Hungary and elsewhere behind the iron only some of the contributions that gave substance to the curtain, where he has attended peace conferences. His con­ retreat. We left with a feeling that we had all been inwardly viction that they were truly serving God there, and perhaps strengthened and our sense of fellowship deepened. better than they could in the West, gave pause for thought. HILDEGARDE H . VON LAUE

Early Years of Arch Street Meeting House By EDWIN B. BRONNER

HE Arch Street Meeting House was built at a time were some 1,000 families of Quakers in Philadelphia, Twhen Philadelphia was the most important city in and estimates regarding the total number of Friends in the United States. Not only was it the largest city, with the Yearly Meeting vary from 30,000 to 40,000. It was a population of 54,000, but it was the .financial capital of a time of strong leadership in the Yearly Meeting, with the nation and had just recently been the political capi­ such persons as Jonathan Evans, James Pemberton, Rob­ tal as well. ert Proud, William Savery, Thomas Scattergood, Nicho­ The bank chartered by the new federal government, las Wain, and Peter Yarnall active in this period. the Bank of the United States, plus state banks such as On the other hand, as Sharpless pointed out, shortly the Bank of North America, gave the city a decided edge after 1804 there was a wide-scale migration over the as the financial center of the new nation. Ever since the Alleghenies into Ohio and beyond, and thousands of First Continental Congress met at Carpenter's Hall in Friends left the environs of Philadelphia Yearly Meet­ 1774, Philadelphia had been regarded as a central meet­ ing. Within 20 years there was evidence of the strong ing place for all of the colonies, and from 1790 until differences which led eventually to the tragic separation 1800 the city was the nation's capital. The city was an of 1827. important commercial center; a great deal of trade 1753-1795 flowed up and down the Delaware, and out into the When the Arch Street Meeting House was erected, trade routes of the world. Pennsylvania ranked first in it was the sixth Friends meeting house in Philadelphia. the nation in manufacturing, producing as much as the The oldest at the time was the Pine Street Meeting next two states, New York and Massachusetts, put to­ House at Second and Pine, built in 1753. Two years gether, and Philadelphia produced a considerable share l~ter the Great Meeting House at Second and Market of such goods. was torn down and replaced by a larger building, some­ Philadelphia Quakers times called the Greater Meeting House or the Market A part of all of this worldly activity, and yet with­ Street Meeting House. In 1764 a meeting house was drawn from it, was the Society of Friends. The city, built on the school property at Fourth and Chestnut, which had been founded by the Quakers in 1682, had and in 1790 the old Second Bank Meeting House at long ago been taken over by the world's people. The Front above Arch was replaced by a new structure on withdrawal of Friends began in the 1750's, and was ac­ Key's Alley, between Race and Vine, near Second Street. centuated by the period of the War for Independence, In addition, the Free Quakers, those who withdrew when most Quakers refused to participate in the con­ from the Society during the Revolutionary War, in 1783 flict on either side. In 1804, 20 years after the war ended, erected a meeting house at Fifth and Arch Streets. This the Quakers had not yet fully regained the confidence of building is still standing, but it has not been used as a their fellow citizens. meeting house for many years. Yet Philadelphia Quakers were a vigorous group, and Friends began to use the property at Fourth and Isaac Sharpless has written that the year 1804 might be Arch Streets as a burial ground in 1693, but did not termed one of the high points of the Society. There receive formal title to the property from William Penn until 1701. The lot extended approximately 360 feet This article is adapted from a paper read before the Friends Historical Association, November 1954, to celebrate the I50th an­ along Mulberry, 330 feet along Fourth Street, and, on niversary of the Arch Street Meeting House. the average, was 190 feet deep, for there was an indenta­ Edwin B. Bronner is assistant professor of history at Temple University and a member of Cheltenham Monthly Meeting, Pa. tion in the southeast corner. At first Friends put up a 200 FRIENDS JOURNAL September 24, 1955 picket fence around the lot, but in 1727 this was re­ As early as 1738 Friends talked seriously of building placed by a brick wall. a meeting house on the lot, and in response to a request In 1731 Friends had trouble about persons erecting for subscriptions to assist the effort, Friends on Barbados tombstones in the burial ground, and the Monthly forwarded a gift of £50. Nothing came of the venture, Meeting warned the gravedigger to desist from "the set­ and construction of the Pine Street Meeting House, fol­ ting up of grave-stones in our burial ground, and lowed by ~he Second Great Meeting House in 1755, A[nthony] Morris and J[ohn] Warder were appointed made it unnecessary to continue with the project. to acquaint him that unless he be more careful for the The Proposal for Building future to prevent the setting up of such marks of dis­ In 1795 the Women's Yearly Meeting, which met in tinction, Friends will appoint some other person to that the meeting house at Second and High Streets, called service.... " Years later, while leveling the ground and upon the men to consider some means of providing digging the foundations for the building, many grave­ more adequate space for the annual meeting of women stones were found. A hole was dug, and these were un­ Friends, and the Men's Yearly Meeting, which gathered ceremoniously thrown in together and covered over. at Key's Alley, agreed that a meeting house should be Thousands of persons were buried in the lot, some­ constructed on the burial ground property at Fourth times referred to as the Westminster Abbey of Pennsyl­ and Mulberry Streets. Four years later, however, the vania Quakers. Persons other than Quakers were also Yearly Meeting still did not feel ready to proceed, al­ buried in the lot, especially during the yellow fever epi­ though willing to admit that something needed to be demic of 1793, when there were nearly 400 burials in done. In 1803 the Yearly Meeting gave its approval to less than four months. the proposal and requested the three Philadelphia It was decided in 1794 that the lot was nearly full, Monthly Meetings to raise money by subscription to and that Friends should begin to look elsewhere for a build a meeting house. By that time plans had moved burial ground. Even so, small plots within this area were ahead rather substantially. George Vaux, in 1904, at the set aside from time to time after the construction of the centennial celebration of the completion of the first por­ meeting house. For one period a plot was open on the tion of this meeting house, exhibited drawings and southwest corner of the lot, later to the east of the east sketches which had been prepared by Owen Biddle in wing, and once again a new spot on the southwestern 1800, and presumably Biddle is the architect for the part of the property was used as late as 1880. In the building. meantime, Friends began to use the Sassafras Burial The committee from the three Monthly Meetings Ground in 1818, on the lot where Friends Select School brought in a report which included a concrete proposal is now located. for building a meeting house for the Yearly Meeting of September 24, 1955 FRIENDS JOURNAE 201

Women Friends on the old burial ground. The plan was A Cloud of Witnesses to build a meeting room 62 feet by 85 feet, with a youth's (Continued from page 194) gallery on the west side only. In addition, it was agreed This was exciting. We had proceeded without stopping that· a committee room and a fireproof room should be to consider what we were doing, the difficulties. in the way, built. It was estimated that this would cost £6,000. or h ow easy it would be for the purity of this action to be {Friends were slow to give up the English monetary sys­ misunderstood. It was a glorious moment. This 'act of spon­ taneous faith was done in the belief that we were truly led tem in favor of the new American system.) Later in the by God. Not all will be called upon to carry out this con­ year a committee of twelve men was named to collect cern, but our prayers and understanding go with those who are. money. A subcommittee of concerned Young Friends was appointed Construction to look into the best means for making our concern into an Foundations were laid in 1803, in 1804 the central part act of Christian love. The possibilities that have presented of the present meeting house was completed, and in 1805 themselves so far are personal correspondence, a cultural ex­ the east wing was prepared for the Yearly Meeting of change of literature, contacts through international seminars, Women Friends. In May 1805, the committee in charge and visitation. of construction reported that it had spent $21,000 to During the course of the business meeting held on Friday date, and that it was short $3,299.34. The committee re­ morning, the last full day of the conference, the question minded the Monthly Meeting that John Pemberton had was raised as to why so few Young Friends find their way bequeathed £500 to Friends for a meeting house, to be into Quaker service projects. This led us to ask ourselves whether older Friends really expected enough of Young paid at the death of his widow. It suggested that Friends Friends. The answer was no! We want to reach out toward take the money, and in turn promise to pay the widow a goals which seem unattainable. We want to be challenged fair rate of interest on the sum as long as she lived. if our pace seems slow. We want to help make the Society There is no record of how this proposition fared. Late in of Friends· a powerful, living, moving experience. And, above 1806 the committee had received $21,683.37Y2· Expendi­ all, we want the fact that we are Friends to make a difference tures totaled $21,678.76Y2, leaving a balance of $4.61. in the way in which we walk over the world. In 1811 the west wing was completed and occupied. Ralph R~se encouraged Young Friends to take their con­ Early in 1812 a joint committee of the three Monthly cerns before the Monthly Meeting, to check them against the Meetings reported that the cost of construction, plus a group conscience, and to feel free to ask for help in whatever few incidental costs remaining from the other two sec­ way it is needed. In the months ahead channels for service tions, amounted to $20,095.91. Some of this money came with a more specifically Quaker emphasis will be explored. from the sale, of the property at Second and Market, This is not an attempt to push Young Friends into service projects; but if Young Friends are deeply challenged, they where the Greater Meeting House had been torn down. will find their way into service. George Vaux, in describing the building in 1904, said One of the little known aspects of the conference was that the entire structure is 180 feet long, east and west the getting together of the Philadelphia and Kansas Young along the front. The meeting rooms are 85 feet long, and Friends. It came about spontaneously, without announcement, the central part is 55 feet deep. because we felt a need for one another. In silent worship Friends moved into the new accommodations with­ and in communion with God we spoke to one another of the out any fanfare. In April 1805, the minutes of the Yearly things that were upon our hearts. Many of these Friends Meeting of Women Friends reported: "The Meeting have experienced a deep, genuine relationship with God, and adjourns to meet at our new Meeting house in Arch we can learn from them. Yet recognizing this does not shake Street at 4 oclock this afternoon." Six years later the the belief that the future of the Society of Friends lies in minutes read: "The meeting adjourns to 4 oclock this "silently waiting upon the Lord." It was clearly evident that the most deeply moving moments of the conference occurred afternoon to meet iQ the western apartment of this when our spirits joined in the fellowship of silent worship. House." At the same time, in 1811, the men, who had been There is much else that was meaningful, and a more com­ gathering at Key's Alley, placed in their minutes: "Then plete account of the conference will appear in the Young adjourned to the 9th hour to-morrow morning, to the Friends issue of the FRIENDS JouRNAL for October 8. East end of the Meeting House on Mulberry Street." At We hope that Friends everywhere will call upon us to least 1,600 women attended the first session of the Yearly share our conference experience with them. The hand of the Meeting held in the east wing, but that was not unusual Lord is raising up a cloud of witnesses whose strength is in for that period. For many years the new building was weakness, whose desire is to seek· and to find the will of God. called the Mulberry Street Meeting House, but was re­ The burden has been placed squarely upon us, and we can ferred to by some as the meeting house on the burial do no other. ELWOOD CRONK ground. 202 FRIENDS JOURNAL September 24, 1955

Books HENRY GEORGE. By CHARLES ALBRO BARKER. Oxford Uni­ versity Press, New York, 1955. 696 pages. $9.50 NATHAN TROTTER: PHILADELPHIA MERCHANT, Although Henry George was one of the foremost American 1787-1853. By ELvA TooKER. Harvard University Press, thinkers in economic and political issues, his fame has been Cambridge, 1955. 276 pages. $6.00 largely confined to academic circles. This may be because he Since ours is to such a large extent a "business civiliza­ spent many of his creative years in California, or because he tion," it is proper that historians should begin to focus their rather con~istently spearheaded trade and political policies to attention on the business houses that have given it its char­ the left of the popular liberal element. George early estab­ acter. A "school" of business history has grown up in recent lished a reputation as a newspaperman and editor, and later years, having one of its centers at Harvard. This book is a proposed an economic philosophy structured about land-value product of that "school." It tells the story of a Philadelphia taxation as a substitute for taxation of labor or the profits of Quaker who conducted a metal-importing business on North labor in his best known book, Progress and Poverty. Professor Front Street from 1815 to 1849. Nathan Trotter was not Barker's biography is a definitive and authoritative analysis especially notable as a Friend or remarkable as a businessman and reorientation of Henry George and his influence on the (though he died worth a million dollars). Nevertheless, his modern world. Its heavy detail and many pages, however, will story-drawn from the business records now at Harvard-has not reach a wider public or lead to any popular appreciation of Henry George. significance because it shows us in great detail how a medium­ . i : HERBERT HUBBEN scale business was actually operated at this period when the American economy was in the early stages of its Industrial Revolution. It has added meaning because Nathan Trotter Friends and Their Friends was also a discounter of commercial paper, one of those in­ vestors who provided (at high interest rates) the capital which Jews in Soviet Russia have no desire to leave their country was the lifeblood of the burgeoning American economy. His and go to Israel. This is a message which official Jewish rep­ story may hold a special interest for Friends in that it shows resentatives of two of the largest Jewish communities in Soviet how Quaker traits of caution, shrewdness, honesty (and, the Russia, Rabbi S. M. Schleifer of Moscow and Rabbi Panich author adds, secretiveness) contributed to individual business of Kiev, gave to Clarence E. Pickett, honorary secretary of success and ultimately to national economic development. The the American Friends Service Committee, when he was in book, as suits its subject, is sound and thorough rather than Soviet Russia last July, and asked him to deliver it to Ameri­ can Jews. He delivered this message in a letter addressed to brilliant or entertaining. FREDERICK B. ToLLES the Jewish Newsletter, dated July 28, which reads in full as follows: I was interested in the comments about efforts to pro­ THE STRANGE CAREER OF JIM CROW. By C. Vann vide for release of Jews from the U.S.S.R. to go to Palestine. Woodward. Oxford University Press, New York. 155 pages. I have just been in the U.S.S.R. and talked with the presi­ $2.50 dent of the Jewish congregation in Kiev and with the rabbi in Moscow. Both stated categorically that the Jews This book makes its appearance at a time when the great are having such a satisfactory experience in relation to the need on the part of "impatient reformers and foot-dragging government of the U.S.S.R. that there is no desire to leave conservatives" is for dependable knowledge of the history of and go to Israel. the Jim Crow system. To both groups many of the facts cited I realize that these comments may be made because will come as a surprise; to the intelligent layman it brings they are anxious not to stir up conflict with the govern­ fresh and valuable information. ment, but nevertheless both told me that this is the mes­ We are grateful that the author has published this series sage that they would want to have passed on to the Jews of brief lectures delivered before unsegregated audiences at in the U.S.A. I pass it on to you and leave you to be the the University of Virginia in 1954. The book should be known judge of its significance. to all teachers of young people and could well be used as a textbook. by students of college level, for no history of the Jim Crow system has previously existed. This initial account The tentative program of the Five Years Meeting of portrays in a dispassionate manner how faulty and inade­ Friends, October 20 to 26, to be held at the First Friends quate has been our information regarding the history of Meeting House, 15th and East Main Streets, Richmond, segregation. Indiana, has been announced. In general the mornings will The future will undoubtedly throw new light on the past be given to worship-discussion groups, culminating in a panel history of the subject, and as we get farther from the swift­ discussion and a devotional message, the afternoons to busi­ moving events of the present, we may better understand how ness, and the evenings to addresses, which in turn will tend deep-rooted are the practices of segregation and the common to set the theme for the following morning. guilt of both North and South for this evil. Speakers at the evening sessions or on Sunday will be ANNA BARTRAM Elton Trueblood, Harold Walker, Rosa Page Welch, Charles September 24, 1955 FRIENDS JOURNAL 203

Ball, Russell E. Rees, Charles Lampman, Douglas Steere, Alex­ after the war the direction of the work of the Carl Schurz ander Purdy, Ranjit Chetsingh, and Mrs. James D. Wyker. Memorial Foundation, he raised it to a new height, develop­ Elfrida Vipont Foulds will deliver the Isaac T. and Lida K. ing it to become an essential tie between Americans and Johnson Lecture on Sunday evening. Germans, especially through the excellent periodical The Morning devotional messages will be given by Freda Had· American-German Review. He visited Germany almost every ley, Milo Ross, James F. Walker, William Clark, and Richard year, thus keeping alive contacts with his old friends. We P. Newby. shall treasure his memory and join in sympathy and sorrow The Five Years Meeting is an association of some dozen his wife Katharine and his children Theodora and Peter, Yearly Meetings of Friends for certain common enterprises both of whom attended the Friends school at Ommen." and to maintain a wider fellowship of Friends. Plans are being made to change the interval of meeting as well as the name. Over a hundred Friends in attendance at the sessions will Friends as well as others in the five-state area in the North­ be official delegates from the member Yearly Meetings. east drastically affected by the recent floods have been con­ Probably over a thousand other Friends will be present at cerned in some instances with helping others or themselves some of the sessions. Most of the Yearly Meetings in con­ recover from the damages. Others have stories of near escapes tinental North America will be represented. Delegates will from disaster. Emily Walton of Southampton, Pa., writes, also be present from East Africa, Cuba, Jamaica, Mexico, Eng­ "In reading some of Elias Hicks' journal I came upon the land, Ireland, Holland, Japan, Germany, Sweden, and India. following quotation which might be of interest at this time when Friends are exchanging experiences of high water: 'March 25, 1798-This afternoon we passed over the great The Board of Trustees of Jeanes Hospital in Fox Chase, river Potamac on our way to Bush Creek in Maryland; this Philadelphia, Pa., is pleased to announce that Helen R. Inger­ by reason of rains was very full and difficult to pass. After soll of 911 Delene Rd., Jenkintown, Pa., and formerly of we had passed over the river Potomac, we had much difficulty Maple Lane Farm, Willow Grove, Pa., has been appointed in crossing a creek not far from it. There was a floating bridge director of volunteers. In her new service role Helen Ingersoll over it, but the water was so high that we could not approach will coordinate all volunteer activity in the hospital. the bridge by the road commonly used, and we only suc­ Helen Ingersoll brings a wealth of successful experience to ceeded in reaching it by proceeding ourselves on the top of her new function. She has been active for many years in hos­ a high fence and leading our horses by our sides. Mine fell pital volunteer activities, last year served as president of the into a deep part of the creek, but he soon rose and swam Women's Auxiliary of J eanes Hospital, and formerly was ac­ to shore. A Friend was in company with us, with a one tive in Home and School Association and the Girl Scouts of horse carriage, and there seemed no way of getting his con­ Philadelphia, where she served as assistant director and as a veyance over but by the horse swimming with it over the member of the Council. creek. This we knew would be attended with considerable Helen Ingersoll is a member of the Abington Monthly risk, as the creek was deep in the middle and the carriage Meeting, Pa., and also serves as a member of the Social Service a heavy one. But as there were no inhabitants on the neck Committee, Philadelphia Yearly Meeting. of land, nor near it, and as night was coming on we pursued this course, and led the horse with the carriage into the creek; and after violent exertions, being at one time drawn The Washington, D. C., Quaker community helped E. Ray­ under water by the weight of the carriage, he took it safe mond Wilson, executive secretary of the Friends Committee on National Legislation since its organization 12 years ago, over. We were thus favored to surmount this great difficulty without any hurt to ourselves or our horses; which was the celebrate his birthday on September 20 at a dinner held in the Florida Avenue Meeting House. At the same time these cause of thankfulness and gratitude to the great Author of friends contributed to the support of the F.C.N.L. The din­ every mercy and blessing.' " ner was served by the United Society of Friends Women. Correction: Our note in the issue of September 3, 1955 Albert and Mildred Jones, members of Providence Meet­ (page 154), concerning the collecting of data for the history ing, Pa., have been active in organizing a new Monthly Meet­ of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom ing, the San Fernando Meeting, Calif., which has now been has been commented on by an informed Friend. The Ameri­ accepted into Pacific Yearly Meeting. Albert Jones is work­ can Philosophical Society is supporting the writing of this his­ ing with the Walt Disney Studios. tory by Gertrude Bussey, who is, incidentally, a devout Episco­ palian and not a Friend. German Friends are sharing the keen sense of loss which American Friends have felt over the death of Howard W. Friends Council on Education Elkinton. The German monthly Der Quaker writes in the August issue in appreciation of his contribution to interna· The seventh annual Conference on Friends Education tiona! understanding as follows: ". . . When he assumed was held at Pendle Hill September 6 to 8, representing 18 204 FRIENDS JOURNAL Septen1ber 24, 1955

Friends schools. This conference has become an essential part movie, "With the Quakers in Korea"; and "The Quaker of the orientation of teachers new to Friends schools. Mission to the U.S.S.R.," Clarence Pickett, Wroe Alderson, The biennial Friends Schools Day conference will be held Hugh Moore, and William Edgerton, speaking on 10,000 at Friends School, Wilmington, Delaware, Wednesday, Octo­ miles of goodwill visiting this summer. ber 12. · The main speakers will be D. Elton Trueblood, and 24- Program on "Social Trends" at Abington Meeting, Pa., J. Oliver Caldwell of the U. S. Department of Health, Educa­ presented by the Social Order Committee, 7:30p.m., following tion and Welfare. In addition, nine group and panel dis­ the Committee's fall planning session. J. Howard Branson will cussions will consider the topic "Seeking New and Better discuss some of his experiences in the development of better Ways" through various aspects of the schools' programs. relations between labor and management. George Otto will At 3:45 p.m. on October 12, following the program of speak on "Social Trends in Housing," particularly in regard to Friends Schools Day, the regular fall business meeting of the Concord Park. Anyone who is interested is invited to attend. Friends Council on Education will be held at the Friends 24, 25-Shrewsbury and Plainfield Half Yearly Meeting at School, Wilmington. the Ma~~squan, N. ]., Meeting House on New Jersey High­ way Route 35 at the Manasquan ~raffic circle. Saturday: Min­ BIRTH istry and Counsel, 10:30 a.m.; business meeting, 2:30 p.m.; HALLOWELL-On September 6, to Alban Thomas and evening meeting, 8 p.m., with an address by Ralph H. Pickett Barbara Gawthrop Hallowell of Little Silver, N. J., a daughter of Fairfield, Conn., on "European Friends Today." Sunday: named ANNE CRAIGHEAD HALLOWELL. The father is a member First-day school, 10 a.m.; meeting for worship, 11 a.m. of Sandy Spring Meeting, Md. 28-At Bradford Meeting, 6th and Chestnut Streets, Coates­ ville, Pa., 7:30 p.m., illustrated lecture on the Daniel and MARRIAGES Emily Oliver Orphanages in Lebanon by Boutros Khoury, director. CLARK-OWEN HUGHES-On August 27, at St. Mary's 30 to October !-Conference on Outreach sponsored by (Anglican) Church, Bramshott, Hampshire, PAULINE OwEN the two Baltimore Yearly Meetings, with the cooperation of HuGHES, daughter of Harry and Frances Owen Hughes of the A.F.S.C. and the American Friends Board of Missions, at Hong Kong, and JACOB DANIEL CLARK, son of William Ban­ the Florida Avei:me Meeting House, Washington, D. C. Lead­ croft and Catherina ("Cato") Petronella Smuts Clark of Street, ers, Douglas Steere, Moses Bailey, Lewis M. Hoskins, Charles Somerset, England. Lampman, Thomas Lung'aho, Dorothy Pittman, and others. DOWNEY-HAYES-On September 10, in the High Street For details see pages 188 and 189 of our issue for September Meeting House, West Chester, Pa., JEAN HAMILTON HAYES, 17, 1955. daughter of W. Waldo and Edith Mendenhall Hayes, and 30 to October 2-Lake Erie Association at Camp Green JoHN ELioT DowNEY, son of Bertha E. Downey and the late Pastures, Michigan, beginning Friday with a picnic supper Jesse 0. Downey of Dudley, Mass. The bride is a member (bring your own), 6 p.m. Business, discussion groups, recreation. of Birmingham Monthly Meeting, Pa. They will reside in Hartford, Conn. OCTOBER HAGEDORN-KARSKA-On September 10, at the Friends 1-Fall Institute for- Parents and Teachers sponsored by Meeting House, Washington, D. C., LILLIAN ELIZABETH KARSKA, the New York Yearly Meeting Religious Education Committee daughter of Joseph and Lil1y Karska of Washington, D. C., at Westbury Meeting House, Post Avenue and Jericho Turn­ and GuENTER ERNST HAGEDORN, son of Wilhelm and Erna pike, Westbury, L. I., N. Y. Theme, "Growing into Worship." Hagedorn of Preetz, Germany. Program, beginning at 10 a.m., worship, buzz groups, work­ shops, exhibits, filmstrips, and an address at 8 p.m. by Elfrida Vi pont Foulds. · Westbury Friends will meet New York trains. Overnight hospitality will be provided if it is needed. Coming Events !-Buckingham First-day School's 26th annual fair at the SEPTEMBER Meeting House, Lahaska, Pa., 10:30 a.m. to 4 p.m. On sale, sandwiches, coffee, ice cream, home baked goods, fruit, flowers 24-Quaker Service Overseas, first-hand reports by recently and plants., vegetables, aprons, odds and ends; also, a fine returned representatives of the American Friends Service collection of spring flowering bulbs. The fair is for the benefit Committee at the Race Street Meeting House, Philadelphia. of the A.F.S.C., Friends Neighborhood Guild, and First-day At 3 p.m., Dorothy Steere, back from 7Y2 months around the School. world with her husband, visiting religious and other leaders, exploring social needs and seeing A.F.S.C. projects (they 2-First Open House of the season at the Meeting House, spent 12 weeks in Africa), and Morris Keeton, on two years' 221 East 15th Street, New York City, in the cafeteria, 3:30 to leave from Antioch College faculty to direct A.F.S.C. work 6:30 p.m. About 4:30 p.m., Keith Irvine, editor of Africa in Germany, shared in great changes from war emergency to Today, will speak on "The New West Africa, in Education, community rebuilding. At 7 p.m., new A.F.S.C. sound-color Industrialization, and Political Development." All are invited. September 24, 1955 205

2-Annual meeting at West Notti~gham Meeting House, high standards and stabilizing interracial neighl;>orhood, near Rising Sun, Md., 2 p.m., D.S. T.: John Hobart, "Quaker "Neighborhood Spirit in City Blocks." 1 Testimonies, Yesterday and Today." : 6-Fritchley General Meeting at Fritchley, near Derby, 4-Lecture at Race Street Meeting House, Philadelphia, England. 7:30 p.m., sponsored by the Committee on Race Relations 9 to 11-Visit of Elfrida Vipont Foulds with Friends at of Philadelphia Yearly Meeting: Julia Abrahamson, execu­ Wilmington, Del. Public meeting at the Fourth and West tive director of the Hyde Park-Ke n~ood i Community Con­ Streets Meeting House, Sunday evening; informal gathering, ference in Chicago, a pioneering organ!zation for maintaining Monday evening.

REGULAR MEETINGS -MANASQUAN, N. J.-First-day school, SCABSDALE, NEW YOBX-United meet­ · to a.m.; meeting for worship, 11:15 a.m. ing for worshi.p, F irst-days at 11 a.m., Meeting House on Route 35 at Manasquan Scarsdale Friends Meetin~. 133 Popham ALBA:KT, N. Y.-Meeting for worship and Circle. Walter Longstreet, Clerk. Road. Clerk, Frances B. Compter, 17 First-day school, 11 a.m. at Y.M.C.A., 423 Hazleton Drive, White Plains, N. Y. State Street; telephone Albany 3-6242. XEBION, PA.-Merion Meeting, corner of Montgomery Avenue and Meeting SHBEWSBUBY, NEW JEBSEY-Meeting BOULDER., COL.-Meeting for wo.rship, House Lane. Meeting for worship, First­ House at Broad Street and Sycamore Ave­ 10 a.m.; for information call Hillcrest . days at 11 a.m.; Flrst-da.y school, 9:4r> nue, 11 a.m. For Information call S. Fus- 2-3n>7. ·a.m. in Activities Building. . sell, Clerk; Red Bank 6-2o•ow.

BUI'I'ALO, N. Y.-Meetlng for worship MIAXI, I'LA.--Friends meetinl:' held on TUCSON, ABIZONA-Friends Meeting, and First-day school, 11 a.m. at 1272 top floor of Tuttle Hotel, 11 a.m.; First­ 129 North Warren Avenue. Worship, First­ Delaware Avenue; telephone EL 02()2. day school, 10 a.m. Telephone 88-6629. days at 11 a.m. Clerk, John A. Salyer, 745 East 5th Street; Tucson 2-32~2. CAXBBIDGE,XASSACHUSETTS- MINNEAPOLIS, XINNESO'l'A -Friends 5 Lon&fellow Park (near Harvard Square). Meeting, 44th Street and York Avenue WASHINGTON, D. C.-The Friends Meet­ Meeting for worship each First-day at South. First-day school, 10 a.m.; meetinG' ing of Washington, 2111 Florida Avenue, 9:30 a.m. and 11 a.m. Telephone TR 6-6883. for worship, 11 a.m. Richard P. Newby, N. W., one block from Connecticut Ave­ Minister, 4421 Abbott Avenue South. nue, First-days at 9 a.m. and 11 a.m. CHICAGO, ILLINOIS- The 57th Street Telephone W A 6-9675. Meeting of all l<'riends. Sunday worship WOBCES'l'EB, XASSACHUSB'l''l'~Pleas­ hour, 11 a.m. a.t Quaker House, 5615 Wood­ NEW BBUNSWICX, NEW JEBSEY­ ant Street Friends Meeting, 901 Pleasant lawn Avenue. Monthly meeting (following Meeting for worship and First-day school, Street. Meeting for worship each First­ 6 p.m. supper there) every first Friday. 10 a.m. at New Brunswick Art Center on day, 11 a.m. Telephone PL 4-3887. Telephone BUtterfield 8-3066. grounds of Public Library, 60 Livingston A venue; telephone CH 9-7460. AVAILABLE DES XOINES, IOWA-Friends Meeting, 801 Forest Avenue, Library en-trance. NEW OBLEANS, LOUISIANA- Friends Worship, 10 a.m.; classes, 11 a.m. meeting each Sunday. For Information UPHOLSTERER-Over 25 years' experi­ t elephone W A 5890 or UP 8245W. ence; f r ee estimates, Philadelphia suburbs. Thorn Seremba,_ 2Hi Felton Avenue, Col­ DE'l'BOIT, MICHIGAN-Meeting for wor­ lin gdale, Pa. ship, 11 a.m. each First-day in H ighland NEW YOBX, N. Y.--MeetinJ:"S for worship Park Y.W.C.A. at W oodward and Winona. each Sunday, 11 a.m. T e lep·hone GRamercy 3-8018 for First-day school and meeting WANTED VIsitors t elephone TOwnsend 5-4036. information. Manhattan-United Meeting for worship RESPONSIBLE WOMAN to care for eld­ DOVEB, N. J.-Randolph United Meeting, October-April: 221 E. 15th St. erly lady and live in. Give reference. Quaker Church R oad. First-day school, May-September: 144 E. 20th St. Telephone Moorestown, N . J., 9-1377. 11 a.m.; meetlnl:' for worship, 11:15 a.m. Brooklyn-110 Schermerhorn Street Flushing-137-16 Northern Boulevard Riverside Church, 15th Floor-Riverside MAN AND WIFE to manage Friends' DOWNEBS GBOVE, ILLINOIS-Downers Drive and 122d Street, 3:30 p.m. home; board, room, and salary. Write Grove Preparative Meeting of all Friends. Box V63, Friends Journal. Sunday meetin~r for worship, 10:30 a.m. at Avery Coonley School, 1400 Maple Ave­ PASADENA, CAL.-orange·Grove Month­ TO BUY: Children's Story Gatden­ nue; First-day school, 10:30 a.m., joins ly Meeting. Meeting for worship, East Broomell. Agnes Coggeshall, 15HS Cherry Orange Grove at Oakland Avenue, First­ Stre et, Philadelphia 2, Pa. meeting for worship for fifteen minutes. days at 11 a.m. Monthly meetings, 8 p.m., the second Fourth-day of each mont h. TO BUY: Select works of William Penn, GAINESVILLE, I'LA.-Meetinl:' for wor­ 5 volumes, 1782. .r. Beondo, 108-01 101st ship, First-days, 11 a.m., 218 Florida Union. PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA­ Avenue, Richmond Hill 19, N . Y. Meetings for worship are held at 10:30 HABBISBUBG, PA.-Meetinl:' for wor­ a.m. unless otherwise noted. SECRETARY: general office work, dicta­ ship and First-day school, 11 a.m .. Byberry, one mile east of Roosevelt Boule- phone (no s horthand), preparing publicity Y.W.C.A., 4th and Walnut Streets. vard at Southampton Road, 11 a.m. materials. at mountain school. Interesting Chestnut H.ill, 100 East Mermaid Lane. rural sit ualion; comf<'rt.;.ble quarters. Coulter Street and Germantown Avenue. Write Director, Pine Mountain Settlement HAB'l'I'OBD, CONN.- Meeting for wor­ F air Hill, Germantown Avenue and Cam- School. Pine Mountain, Kentucky. ship, 11 a.m. at the Meeting House, 144 bria ·Street, 11:15 a.m. South Quaker Lane, West Hartford. Fourth and Arch Streets. Frankford, Penn and Orthodox Streets. ASK OUR OPINION JACKSONVILLE, I'LOBIDA- First-day Frankford, Unity and Wain Streets, 11 a.m. school, 10:30 a.m.; m eeting for worship, Green Street, 45 West School House Lane, 11 a.m. Of YOUR SECURITIES 11 a.m.; Y.W.C.A. Board Room; telephone Race and Twelfth Streets held j ointly at . EVergreen 7-5086 or 9-5345. 20 South Twelfth Street. For Information about First-day schools XANSAS CI'l'Y, XISSOUBI-Penn Valley telephone Friends Central Bureau, RI 6- & Meeting each Sunday at 306 West 39th 3263. HECKER CO ·. Avenue. Unprogrammed worship at 6 p.m. Visiting Friends always welcome. For In­ Members of New York Stock .Exchange formation call JA 1556. PHOENIX AJUZONA-Meetlng for wor­ ship, 11 a.m., 17th Street and Glendale LIBERTY TRUST BUILDING LANCASTER., PA.--Meeting for worship Avenue. Broad and Arch Streets and First-day school, 10 a.m., new m eet­ Philadelphia 7, Pa. Ing house, Tulane Terrace, off U. s·.. .80, ST. PE'l'E~BUBG, I'LA.--Frlends Meet­ llh miles west of Lancaster. Ing, 130 Nineteenth Avenue S. E. Meeting LOcust 4-3500 and First-day school at 11 a.m. LONG ISLAND, N. Y.--Manhasset Meet­ . CHARLES J. ERICKSON Ing, Northern Boulevard at Shelter Rock . S'l'ATE COLLEGE, PA.--318 South Ather- Registered Representative Road. First -da y school,-9:45 a.m.; meeting 1 ton Street. First-day school at 9:30 a.m., for worshio. 11 a.m. --meeting for worship at 10:45 a .m. 206 FRIENDS JOURNAL September 24, 1955

I• there a middle-ag'ed or ..m1- ret1red couple who would be ln­ tereated to do maintenance and EASTMAN, DillON & CO. janitor worll: at thl• retreat­ The center, occup:ylng' a Uttle hlllslde Members New York Stock Exchange home (modern ll:ltchen and bath)? + Investments Joseph E. Platt, Klrkrldge, Bangor, PennsyiYanla Legal WILLIAM EDWARD CADBURY Rtprtlmtatiue Is Your Intelligencer 225 S. 15TH ST. PHILADELPHIA, PA. "GOLDEN RULE" Established 1843 IN HOUSING Minus a few Inches? Live your beliefs in unsegregated housing in PRINTIN·G beautiful Bucks County. J. spacious 3-bedroom ranch home •• • radiant-heated ••• large finished garage on a fully landscaped v. -acre lot, $11 ,990 and up. Also 4·bedroom houses, $13,&00. 100% mortgages available. On 10 SOUTH 37TH STREET bus line to cl, near Philadelphia Interchange PHILADELPHIA 4, PA. Pennsylvania Turnpike. EVERGREI!N 6-6028 Colt Elmwood 7-4356 or write CONCORD PARK HOMES OLD LINCOLN HIGHWAY AND STREET ROAD Our deadline Is 9:15 a.m. Monda,-. Instructions re~rardinl' adnrtlolnc MUST TREVOSE, PA. be In our hands before that time.

FRIENDS BOOK STORE 302 ARCH STREET, PHILADELPHIA 6, PA. 1/eJ~e /JtillicHJ Jcin Branch Store 1515 CHERRY STREET, PHILADELPHIA 2, PA. In World-Wide British and American Quaker books; other religious books of special interest to Fellowship at the Friends; children's books. Write for book lists to 302 Arch Street. Family Altar ADVERTISING RATES Through daily devotions in The Upper Room, millions of Chris­ DISPLAY ADVBB718Ilii'G--ll5¢ per agate line or $2.10 per column Inch; 10% tians around the world unite each discount for 6-24 insertions within six m onths; 15% discount for 25 or more day in the same prayer, the same insertions within one year. Scripture, the same meditation. BEGULAB XEB'1'Ilii'G lii'0'1'ICE8--15¢ per agate lin e; no discount f or repeated Insertions. Wherever you live, you can join CLABSII'IED ADVEB'1'I8I:RG--7~ per word, with a minimum charge of $1.()0; this Christian fellowship in almost no discount for repeated inser tion s. A box number will be supplied i f requested, any language you choose, for The and answers received at the FRIENDS .JOURNAL office will be forwarded Upper Room is availabl& to you in without char~re. the following language editions: Advertising copy may be changed without extra charge, Arabic • Armenian • Cebuano • FRIENDS JOURNAL Chinese • Finnish • English • 1515 CHERRY STREET, PHILADELPHIA 2, PA. RIHenhouse 6-7669 Greek • Gujurati • Hindi • Hun­ garian • Italian • Ilocano • Japa­ nese • Korean • Norwegian • Persian • Portuguese • Russian • Spanish • Swedish • Tagalog • Tamil • Telugu • Thai • Turkish • Urdu • Braille (English) Regular English edition, Spanish Edi­ tion, an d Airmail edition cost only 5t Serving you since 1865, Provident Mutual per CopJI when ten or more copies of each issue go to one address. Indi ­ now offers protection against another v idual subscriptions 50 cents per year. Braille $2.00 per year. All other edi­ maj~r economic hazard of life - disability tions (mailed f rom other countries) resulting from accident or sickness. $1 .00 per year. Send all orders direct to _@}Js-~-~- PROVIDENT MUTUAL The world'• 11103t widely rued detJotional guide INSURANCE COMPANY OF PHILADELPHIA 1901 Grand Avenue, Nashville, Tenn. September 24, 1955 FRIENDS JOURNAL 207

FRIENDS ARCH STREET ·CENTRE 304 Arch Sfrqt, Philade.,hitl 6, Pe, 1799-WESTTOWN SCHOOL-1955 A FIUENDLY HOSTEL Rooms with running water; some "The regularity of boaTding school life contributes to the fonnation of with bath. Lunch served daily; also good habits of woTk, and of a well-oTdeTed and self-disciplined life. This is dinner parties and group parties excellent preparation for the greater freedom of college or adult responsibili- arranged. Telephone MA 7·2025 ties." -QUOTATION FROM SCHOOL CATALOGUE

THE PENINGTON APPLICATIONS NOW BEING ACCEPTED FOR SEPTEMBER, 1956 215 EAST 15th STREET, NEW YORK CITY 3 Next door to the Meeti"SS House A Frlendo Hoewl In New York for Friends For a catalogue or further information, please write: and friendo of Frlendo. Comfortable roomo and wholesome mealo for permanent sruesta. DANIEL D. TEST, JR., Headmaster A~mmodatlo111 for tran1ie11ta limited. Ad­ vance reeervatlon1 req~~e~ted. WESTTOWN SCHOOL BOX 1000, WESTTOWN, PA. TeleplloM Gl-rcy 5-9193

Counseling Service for Friends A FRIENDS COEDUCATIONAL For appolntmeata ln Philadelphia call Mr. RGE J . C. W)'Dn ln the ennlnc, HAdloon BOARDING SCHOOL, Grades 9-12 S-80&t. 0 E L Founded 1893 For appolnt•eata with Dr. Lontt Dewee1 G at Glen HIU1, Pa., write or telephone oo hba at V aJI.,.hrook %4 74 . C H Applications for 1956-57 are now welcome. S Children of Friends will receive first consideration if applications are submitted before March 1st, 1956. FRIENDS' • Address inquiries to : CENTRAL SCHOOL RicHARD H. McFEELY, ADELBERT MASON, Director of Admissions OVERBROOK, PHILADELPHIA 31, PA. Principal Box 350, George School, Bucks County, Pennsylvania

Coeducational - College Preparatory Four-year kindergarten through 12th Grade fRIENDS JOURNAL is regularly on sale in the magazine A Friendly school which offers country department of the John Wanamaker store in Philadelphia. day facilities and program with a col­ lege preparatory curriculum and the advantages of nearby urban resources. MERRILL E. BusH, Headmaster FRIENDS ACADEMY Eltablished 1877 A coeducational Quaker school in a beautiful residential com­ OAKWOOD munity 25 miles from New York. A well-balanced academic Coeducational Quaker program is designed to stimulate in the student a desire to live a creative Christian life in today's world. BOARDING SCHOOL Boarding school-Grades 7-12. Day school-Kindergarten through G rade 12. A small community which emphasizes A reduction in tuition is avoilable to members of The Society of Friends. sincerity, simplicity, and inner disci· pline in its human relationships. VICTOR M. HAUGHTON, JR., Headmaster GRADES 9 TO 12 INCLUSIVE Box B, Locust Valley, Long Island, N. Y. For additional in/ormation write WILLIAM W. CLARK, Principal OAKWOOD SCHOOL THE SIDWELL FRIENDS SCHOOL BOX 45 P8UCSHKEEPSIE, N. Y. In the Nation's Capital Coeducational Day School - College Preparatory from Kindergarten Started by Friends In 1811 Thomas W . Sidwell, Principal, 1883-1936 APTITUDE TESTS A non-profit corporation since 1936 with the majority of trustees Friends Accredited by Middle States Association of Colleges and Secondary Schools CAREER COUNSELING & JOB STRATEGY -- Member of -- Want to fin d the work for which you have FRIENDS COUNCIL ON EDUCATION NATIONAL COUNCIL OF INDEPENDENT SCHOOLS most aptitude? Want to 9et ahoad faster? SECONDARY EDUCATION BOARD EDUCATIONAL RECORDS BUREAU Why not explain your problem to us? We've helped others since 1937. Telephone, write NATIONAL REGISTRATION OFFICE FOR INDEPENDENT SCHOOLS today. frH folder T. Swarthmore 6-2022. TOMLINSON COUNSELORS ROBERT S. LYLE, Headmaster 546 RUTGERS AVENUE, SWARTHMORE, PA. 3901 WISCONSIN AVENUE N. W. WASHINGTON 16, D. C. THEODORE B. HETZ EL

7o8 COLLEGE AVE. HAVER FORD.PA.

PARRISH & CO. Members CRETH & SULLIVAN, INC. New York Stoek Exehan~te INVESTMENT BROKERS 1421 Chestnut Street lnsuranc'e Philadelphia 2, Pa. RIttenhouse 6-6800 324 WALNUT STREET Write or telephone J OSE PH N. JANNEY PHILADELPHIA 6, PA.­ R epresen t&tive WAin~;~t 2~7900 MOVING LET US SOLVE YOUR INSURANCE PROB.LEMS ---and--- ARE YOUR SAVINGS INSURED? STORAGE They would be in the Lansdowne Federal Savings and Loan Association. Onr Professional pre-planning, large accounts are Federally insnred np to $10,000.00 and participate in liberd di~­ sanitized trucks, experienced per­ dends. Accounts may be opened by mail, starting with as little. as $1.00. Legal sonnel relieve you of all details, investments for trust funds. save you time and money. We'll pack, move, ship whatever you UNSDOWNE FEDERAL SAVINGS AND LOAN ASSOCIATION have to wherever you want it­ 32 SOUTH LANSDOWNE AVENUE, LANSDOWNE, PA. or store it for you. Philo. Charter Agency for United Literature on request Van Unes - one ef America's FaED A. W ERNER, President most trusted names in moving QUAKER STORAGE CO., INC. PLEASE NOTIFY US AT LEAST THREE WEEKS IN ADVANCE OF ANY CHANGE 2501 Germantown Ave. BAldwin 9-0400 OF ADDRESS, giving both old and new addresses. If you are goin~t .to be away from home for only a short time please notify your local post office instead, so that your Friends J ournala may be held there until your return. Otherwise they will be sent back to us, causing eonfuaion about your correct address and unnecessary expense for extra postage. pendle hill Autumn Term Courses THE THOUGHT AND TEACHING Of JESUS Henry J. Cadbury Begins Monday 3 October, 8 p.m. PATTEANS AND PROGRESSION Of INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION Bertram Pickard Begins Tuesday 4 October, 8 p.m. HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT Of PRAYER AND WORSHIP Gilbert Kllpack Begins Wednesday 5 October, 4:30 p.m. THE RELIGIOUS AND ETHICAL THOUGHT Of PAUL AND ITS BACKGROUND Henry J. Cadbury Begins Wednesday 5 October, 8 p.m. \ CREATIVE WRITING THE M ARSHALL SQUARE SAN I TARIUM Mildred Tonge Begins Thursday 6 October, 4:30 p.m. WEST CHESTER, PENNSYLVANI A THE HISTORY AND PRINCIPLES OF THE SOCIETY OF FRIENDS cA Trivate GJeospital· _ Howud lrlalon leglas Thursday 6 October, 8 p.m. catering especially to the aging, the nervous and those requiring prolonged care for physical or neurological disabilities. Careful classification assured. Each course meets once a week for ten weeks. No admission charge. Special .rates for permanent guests. Wallingford, Pennsylvania EVERETT SPERRY BARR, M.D. Director

THB LEGAL I NTELLIGENCER...... II ~