ISSUE 1 / NOVEMBER 2017
Disruptive Technology It’s more than just robots and machinery. It spans online courses and how energy is generated to power-up your home.
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Business Reports From luxury tea, restoring heritage building to halal branding, businesses Financial today face challenges with Smarts extraordinary creativity. Current overview of PGS16-30 Islamic finance and benefits of Islamic microfinance.
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First Words & Editorial Info Entrepreneurs Arts 07 First Words by Chairman of 28 Passionate Endeavours 49 Liberating Snaps WIEF Foundation Three CEOs share their Photographer who changes global entrepreneurial journey perception of Muslim women
Finance 08 Islamic Finance in Tech 52 Youth Non-Muslim Markets Humanly Possible Stimulations of diversity Two points that raise IF’s popularity 31 A tale of Sophia who’s more than an Young leaders fuelled by passion in non-Muslim markets average robot initiate diversity projects
10 Islamic Finance: Brief 34 Disruptive Change of edX Overview Course 56 Education A brief but comprehensive report Effects of self-serving Shifts in Education online courses Examples of unique school systems 13 Cultivation of Islamic Microfinance Reducing Greenhouse Gases A changemaker for microbusiness 36 Two experts speak on renewable 59 Focus sector energy today See, Eat, Do Kuching Quick report on the city that’s hosting the 13th WIEF 38 Life as a Digital Nomad Business Insight into a digital nomad’s Seeds of Sustainability lifestyle 16 Biji-biji manages waste in an urban setting A Matter of Trust 40 Equity crowdfunding and blockchain 20 Forking Out Facts on Halal Branding Artificially Yours Who, what, where of halal branding 43 Three experts discuss the progression of AI A Unique Blend of Ideas 22 Establishing luxury tea brand TWG Tea Women 46 The Little Newsletter that A Fine Balance Could 25 Balancing heritage building An uncommon preservation and commercial entrepreneurial tale viability
5 13th WIEF FIRST WORDS
EDITORIAL WIEF, the Invisible INFO Bridge Builder About IN FOCUS Its inaugural issue published in November 2017 and it is an extension et me tell you about a of WIEF Foundation’s online bank of precocious 10-year-old who articles that is constantly growing to helps build bridges between cater to the reading pleasure of the global different societies for the business community. Do drop us a line solidarity and welfare of one on business-related matters you think we community. I call it, WIEF, should report on. It is a complimentary but other grownups call it World Islamic publication and for subscription. L Economic Forum. WIEF, as we know it, has been in existence for a decade and during this time I’ve
13th WIEF been part of its evolution, had a hand in its maturity and, not unlike a proud parent, basked in its achievements. The funny thing is, what WIEF has achieved cannot be seen, IN FOCUS online what it has nurtured cannot be measured by numbers and what bridges it has built cannot Web: infocus.wief.org Email: [email protected] be walked upon physically. However, it has made a significant dent and left an indelible Download digital version of the mark on the global business community. magazine now at wief.org/downloads/ How, you ask? I’ll simplify it for you. WIEF basically builds metaphorical bridges between business communities through many initiatives but the anchor event is the annual forum and last year, it was held in Jakarta and attended by over 4,000 participants from over 70 IN FOCUS editorial team countries. Its inclusive trait has endeared it to startup businesses, SME and all the way up Based out of WIEF Foundation to international corporations. office in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The team, comparable to hardworking ants, formulates and actualises youth-centric, Tel:+603 2163 5500 and women entrepreneurial events as well as educational ones throughout the year and all Su Aziz, [email protected] over the world, that cater to their specific business needs. The results from these initiatives Samar Al-Montser, [email protected] are immeasurable and I know this, partly because, the testimonials from participants are Publisher: WIEF Foundation aplenty and I’ve had my back patted innumerable times by them in gratitude. So, with that, I hope I’ve whetted your appetite to not only attend our events and the 13th WIEF in Kuching but also to want to read what we write in this magazine. This is the inaugural issue of In Focus which is an extension of our online bank of articles on business, technology and the like. With our ear to the ground and an eye perpetually wide open, we listen and look out for what’s shifting the globe on its axis and report on myriad current business issues we hope you’ll find relevant. Most of all, I invite you to write for us on matters that are business related, that are economy-shifting and that are tantamount to productivity of societies as well as countries. I look forward to reading articles by you on said matter in future In Focus issues or its website. Know that, we’ll value words you pen to form articles that’ll reflect ON THE COVER, ISSUE 1 your experience that amount to priceless knowledge you’ll be sharing with our readers. Disruptive Technology AI and both of its adverse as well as Know that, it’ll be appreciated. positive effects as discussed by robotics experts (pages 31-45). Photo by Sahron Pittaway The Honourable Tun Musa Hitam Chairman of WIEF Foundation
7 FINANCE
The steady rise of Islamic finance’s popularity in Islamic non-Muslim majority countries such as Japan, writes former president and CEO of INCEIF, Daud Vicary Abdullah, boils Finance in down to two points, its growth hampered by one or two Non-Muslim factors and its role can be pivotal in two sectors globally. Markets
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et’s cut straight to the chase. The Contribution of Islamic finance to Lpopularity of Islamic finance in Malaysia has led the world in every the economy Asian non-Muslim majority countries is aspect of Islamic finance for two Globally, Islamic finance in a shariah undoubtedly growing and is now primarily decades or more. compliant form represents a little over focused on doing business rather than on one per cent of the global economy. In religious lines. In the last 20 years or so, Malaysia, current estimates are close there have been some to-ings and fro-ings In fact, Islamic finance can be enjoyed by to 30 per cent. So long as the younger based on religious interpretations. The everyone and the social impact and risk generation or millennials, as they are situation now has become more stable sharing values may be enjoyed by all, too. better known, continue to support the as it is generally recognised that money values of the SDG, then Islamic finance and finance have no religion but do share Generally, the answer to how long it will continue to be a growth area. ethical and responsible values. took to establish Islamic finance in economically stable East Asian countries Alignment of values to sustainability, The reasons for the popularity of Islamic such as Korea, Japan and Taiwan can good stewardship and adherence to finance in non-Muslim markets can be be lengthy. Japan’s probably at the ‘do no harm values’ and coupled with varied. So, to put a finger on it, generally, forefront in both its understanding and risk sharing, transparency of business in my experience they revolve around two application of Islamic finance. Many transactions as well as a viable alternative main factors: Japanese financial institutions have to a debt based financial economy will Islamic subsidiaries operating in Malaysia, allow Islamic finance to flourish. This Firstly, is a recognition that Islamic Indonesia and the GCC (Saudi Arabia, is as long as education, research and the Finance can be good for business. An Kuwait, UAE, Qatar, Bahrain and Oman). associated awareness created is permitted example of that’ll be Brazil, which is the Korea and Taiwan are giving thought to to develop further. Only then will Islamic number one global supplier of halal food this. However, the prime driver is likely finance be thought of as a catalyst for to the Muslim world. Brazil has recognised to be the establishment of halal trade and inclusive growth. that it’s not just about halal the food but tourism which are both being recognised the financing of supply chain operations as significant growth markets in these Last words in accordance with shariah law. Asian countries. Malaysia has led the world in every aspect of Islamic finance for two decades or more. Secondly, it’s a growing recognition of the In fact, there are a few sectors where In education and research, INCEIF – the values of Islam and Islamic finance. Here, Islamic finance can comfortably play Global University of Islamic Finance – has it’ll be good to draw your attention to the a role in within these countries. Close led the way. It has produced more than close resemblance between the objectives links between the halal industry, halal 1,500 masters and PhD graduates from of the Maqasid al Shariah (objectives tourism, development of infrastructure, over 70 countries around the world. Also, of Islamic law) and the 17 UN Global SME financing and the growth of an asset it has secured a global ranking at number Sustainable Development Goals (SDG). management industry focused on the SDG 25 for applied research in economics, Indeed, of the USD169 trillion of invested will be the key growth areas as shared recognised by the RePEc (Research Papers assets in the world today, more than 40 values become more widely understood. in Economics) rankings. I can’t say this per cent is invested in compliance with enough, education and research change UN Principles of Sustainability. Generally, government institutions perceptions and create impact. play a passive role while ensuring that Altering perceptions there’s a level playing field. Indeed, However, there are one or two factors Islamic finance is not looking for special hampering the growth of Islamic finance treatment and would prefer to compete in the non-Muslim majority countries. in a well-regulated and fair environment. The key issues here are awareness and The better we can create awareness and understanding. Education plays a vital educate everyone its values, the steadier role in changing perceptions. its future growth will be. The key here will be the impact of sustainability on For example, many people still perceive the real economy which Islamic finance that Islamic finance is for Muslims only. underpins.
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Islamic Finance: Brief Overview
Its rapid rise in popularity in the east is not mirrored in the west but Islamic finance is persevering. Here, Professor Volker Nienhaus, a recognised expert in Islamic finance as well as a member of the governing council and adjunct professor of INCEIF, writes a brief but comprehensive report on three considerable points.
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ccording to the World Bank, Future of Islamic finance in 10 years A Islamic finance (IF) is equity- Outside the United Kingdom, only one full- The global IF, in US dollar terms, has lost based, asset-backed, ethical, sustainable, fledged Islamic bank (in Germany) and one its growth momentum – it was negatively environmentally and socially responsible Islamic window (in France) are operational impacted by currency devaluations finance. It promotes risk sharing, connects and depressed commodity prices. the financial sector with the real economy in the EU. Except for some ‘experimental’ Nevertheless, some countries experienced and emphasises financial inclusion and sovereign issuances, sukuk have not gained an increase of domestic market shares of social welfare. What looks like a factual ground in western corporate finance. Islamic banks. The high growth of the description is an idealised vison of what past had covered up quality issues such some proponents of IF would like it to as weak credit analyses, poor customer be. The realities, however, are somewhat service or mis-selling of products. different. Even in countries supportive of IF, Sectors in which Islamic finance will regulators have tightened supervision. In play a bigger role some western countries, the excitement If Islamic financial institutions (IFIs) act about IF has cooled off. Outside the United in accordance with this ideal then IF will Kingdom, only one full-fledged Islamic promote social welfare locally and globally. bank (in Germany) and one Islamic IF will be a driver of environmentally window (in France) are operational in sound and socially responsible growth as the EU. Except for some ‘experimental’ it is alleged that IF is based on high ethical sovereign issuances, sukuk have not and governance standards and ideally gained ground in western corporate suited for socially responsible investing finance. (SRI). Overall, IF will face a harsher commercial Indeed, some best practice examples can and regulatory environment. IFIs should be quoted. However, conventional SRI consolidate their business, deliver higher is technically far more advanced than IF. quality at competitive prices, focus on IF can learn about environmental impact A woman in the market core markets and strengthen links with assessment, sustainability screening and the growing halal economy. corporate social responsibility (CSR) particularly in renewable energy and assessments from conventional SRI and waste management, have been outlined ethical finance. but only a small number of showcase projects has been realised. INCEIF It is asserted that IF could play a prominent In 2005, the Central Bank of Malaysia, role in infrastructure financing: The A participation of IF in sizable green Bank Negara Malaysia, started The value system of Islam promotes projects infrastructure projects requires support Global University of Islamic Finance that enhance the social infrastructure by governments. The political will to (INCEIF). It’s one of the initiatives and protect the environment. In Europe, green the economy has increased in many Malaysia began to develop and Islamic investors have invested in real parts of the world but low commodity nurture talents and experts under the estate but their preferences were rarely prices have eroded the available resources Malaysia International Islamic Finance schools, hospitals, student housing for mega projects. Centre (MIFC). Besides postgraduate or retirement homes, but primarily programmes in Islamic finance, INCEIF carries out academic and commercial commercial real estate and luxury IF may instead focus on a larger number research that provides trend analysis, of smaller projects in energy conservation, property. economic growth indicators and specific waste prevention or recycling in the border business strategy. INCEIF has private sector. Green affordable housing Role of Islamic finance in greening the reputation of being the leading projects may benefit people as well as the the global economy knowledge authority on Islamic finance. Numerous potential matches between global environment. Islamic ideals and green projects,
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Cultivation of Islamic Microfinance Microfinance conventionally provides services to underprivileged entrepreneurs and works toward poverty alleviation but what’s good to know is whether the seeds of Islamic microfinance are blooming to become a changemaker for the microbusiness sector. Samar Al-Montser reports.
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onventional banks are traditionally Centre for Education in Islamic Finance ya Balady (Association for Sustainable C not designed to serve the poor or (INCEIF), the principles of Islam Development), explains. those who don’t have access to banks, governing the operations of Islamic hence the emergence of microfinance microfinance include extending financing Ijarah institutions to bridge the gap. However based on philosophy of brotherhood Unlike conventional operating lease the much heated debate remains on rather than capital growth based on agreement where the client is only whether or not it’s actually alleviating permissible activities and contracts. It exposed to lease rentals, the key difference poverty and the direction in which it’s extends financing based on the concept is, through ijarah the client will own the heading. Whether the rise of Islamic of equitable distribution of wealth rather leased asset at the end of the lease period. microfinance will be the alternative to than capitalism. There will be a mutual agreement on lease conventional microfinance, is yet to be price and period between microfinance seen. ‘It believes that money’s not a commodity and client and during the leasing period, and the philosophy that the transaction the microfinance institution owns the Some claim that research showed no must be free from any form of exploitation,’ leased asset and depreciates it as per the net positive impact for microfinance says Dr Bello. This translates into easy depreciation policy for similar class of programmes but the fact remains that ownership of assets, fair credit terms assets. microfinance has evidently helped and conditions, cheaper costs of funds, certain individuals. One of the problems easy access to capital, cheaper poverty Qardh hasan conventional microfinance had faced was eradication mechanism and to help the This is a lending-group liability product the high interest of microloans given to the unbankable, which addresses the common for groups. A working capital financing poor, something that Islamic microfinance need for poverty alleviation. in form of cash or items that’s provided eliminates. The poor weren’t able to pay to a group of microfinance entrepreneurs the high interest and rather than alleviate Products of Islamic microfinance with similar skills, businesses or living poverty, conventional microfinance The most available Islamic microfinance within the same geographical location. sustained it. products available today are those Through qardh hasan each member is designed to ease access to working capital. required to guarantee the repayments of With the advent of Islamic microfinance, ‘The most popular products are based the working capital disbursed collectively this doesn’t mean conventional on the contracts of murabahah (cost-plus or individually. Although the loan is microfinance will be completely written deferred sale) or ijarah (leasing),’ Dr Bello interest free, each group member must off. However, it does highlight how those says and below, he explains further. agree to pay administrative charges based structural problems will require structural on the amount the individual received. solutions. Murabahah This is the most popular in the So, who’s eligible for Islamic Philosophy of Islamic microfinance industry because it enables Islamic microfinance? Islamic microfinance is microfinance microfinance customers to own an asset ‘All individuals regardless of religion are adopting Islamic financial principles and through instalments. For microfinance eligible for Islamic microfinance products,’ its biggest difference with conventional institutions, murabahah is considered the Dr Bello clarifies. ‘However, there are microfinance is the cost of capital – Islamic most secure form of financing because those who perceive Islamic microfinance microfinance is an interest-free model. they’ve an alternative over the assets sold products are only popular among It offers a contract of a loan, a financial in the event of default by the clients. A Muslims. But they’re very popular among service that’s based on either contract microfinance institution purchase an asset all citizens because it’s more inexpensive of exchanges or sales of assets, contracts or item a client wants for business which than conventional microfinance,’ he of partnership in venture, project or then, through a binding agreement, continues. transaction, contracts of lease of an asset, the client buys at a marked up cost for its usufruct and contracts of qardh hasan deferred payment within an agreed According to Dr Bello, sceptics toward (benevolent loan). specific time. ‘Murabaha is usually used conventional microfinance have recently by farmers, fishermen, manufacturers risen in some Muslim-majority countries. According to Dr Bello Lawal Danbatta and those who need to purchase tools or For example, in 2003, Rupert Scofield director of Consultancy and Executive equipment,’ Dr Raghda El-Ebrashi who president and CEO of the Foundation Programmes from the International is founder and chairperson of Alashanek for International Community Assistance
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(FINCA International) had to consult to the bottom of the pyramid to start or with the local community in Herat, upgrade their micro-businesses. For more Does this mean Islamic microfinance Afghanistan, to comply with the imam on established business people, BMT offers is the new alternative to conventional the shariah-compliancy of the institution’s shariah-compliant commercial products microfinance and will this make a lending modules. This created the first mudharabah, musharakah, murabahah and difference? shariah-compliant loans in Afghanistan ijarah. that helped pave the way for other financial institutions. Challenges faced by islamic microfinance institutions Islamic microfinance in Egypt According to Dr Bello, the four challenging In Egypt, according to Dr Raghda, Islamic areas for Islamic microfinance are: microfinance is not widely implemented by many financial institutions and that Technical challenges they tend to concentrate on credit not Related to the technical competency finance such as savings or insurance. and ability of both the management and ‘The cost of Islamic microfinance is high employees of the Islamic microfinance given the risks that institutions should institutions to structure and offer plan for before the disbursement of competitive products and services that funds. Individual risk assessment entails are shariah-compliant because the cost of Islamic microfinance benefits microbusinesses high costs for microcredit customers. non-shariah compliancy is high. In addition, the law of governing Services Authority (OJK), Ministry microfinance institutions in Egypt (and Operational challenges of Cooperative and SME as well as NGOs dealing in microfinance) doesn’t Related to the high cost of disbursement, Perhimpunan BMT Indonesia (PBMT),’ help in adopting Islamic microcredit monitoring and collection repayments Jamil adds. methodologies like for example the from their clients in order to minimise inability of NGOs to trade assets and invest non-performing financing (NPF) at Final words in other companies or projects.’ However, the same time trying to profit for their One of the reasons many believe that she continues, ‘Islamic microfinance is shareholders and increase the impact of Islamic microfinance institutions are slowly developing in Egypt but that’ll their services to clients. more popular today is because many require greater attention to legal issues have been disenchanted by regular to facilitate implementations of various Regulatory challenges Islamic banking system that doesn’t offer Islamic contracts.’ Regulatory restrictions and rules limit the solutions for financial inclusion and areas of investment, liquidity management generally doesn’t meet the expectations of the public. In comparison with Islamic microfinance in Indonesia and financing that Islamic microfinance In Indonesia, according to Jamil Abbas can offer and its institutions aren’t given conventional microfinance institutions, who is head of Strategic Alliance at the privileges of deposit taking banks like the issue has been raised that people who Perhimpunan BMT Indonesia (PBMT) in most countries. take microfinance loans have been left in Islamic microfinance institutions emerged an economically worse situation than they in the early 1990s and the most popular Environmental challenges originally started off. type baitul maal wat tamwil (BMT) which To manage public expectations, make was established by the local community in socio-economic impacts while achieving Does this mean Islamic microfinance the spirit of helping each other grow and sustainability as a financial institution. is the new alternative to conventional develop. Indonesia, which is home to the microfinance and will this make a largest Muslim population in the world, ‘Due to the large number of Islamic difference? Dr Bello believes so. ‘The now runs over 4,000 Islamic microfinance microfinance institutions in Indonesia, excessive interest rates of up to 50 per cent institutions that currently serves no less some of the challenges include by conventional microfinance institutions than 3.7 million clients. supervision, legal issues of various make the case of Islamic microfinance to business models and sizes of the financial be the new alternative means of financing Through the zakat, infaq and sadaqah BMT institutions.The challenges are being for the poor,’ he concludes. provide hibah (grants) and qardh hasan tackled by regulators such as Financial
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Founders of Biji-Biji (Clockwise from top) Rashvin Pal Singh, Zoe Victoria Tate, Syaril Azam Hisham and Gupreet Singh Dhillon
unwanted materials people or businesses would normally throw out. Founders of Biji-biji notice, despite the many initiatives that carry out sustainability projects, especially in the rural areas, very few – if any – were in the urban setting. So, they decide to champion sustainability from the grassroots level in the heart of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Biji-biji was first sowed in 2013 by four friends Rashvin Pal Singh, Zoe Victoria Tate, Gurpreet Singh Dhillon and Syaril Azam Hisham. Although each comes from a different culture and professional background such as accounting, biomass, community development and journalism, addressing sustainability issues is a common thread among them. ‘Our inspiration for Biji-biji is seeing the [rising] waste problem around Kuala Lumpur,’ says Rashvin.
They may have started with four Seeds of Sustainability employees but now, in an impressively short time, Biji-biji employs over 40 Co-founder of the Biji-biji initiative, a business driven by sustainable people of which 30 are full-time staff and development goals, displays the urgency in the need to manage waste in the consists of four different departments of urban setting and explains how Biji-biji sought to address the issue. fashion, fabrication, tech and education. Samar Al-Montser reports. Growing the seeds At first, the four friends were looking into t’s a fact that some businesses consider be reached if everyone does their part creating an eco-resort where everything I sustainability, some don’t. Some even governments, the private sector, the would be sustainable and reusable. are driven by it, while some not only community and individuals. Unfortunately, that vision required huge adopt it but feel responsible for it. The funding which they couldn’t realise. So, United Nations asserts that sustainability Biji-biji in Malay means seeds. However, they decided to look at a more practical is everyone’s responsibility because in this case, it’s an initiative that’s driven to and achievable goal, capitalising on what sustainability development goals can only protect the urban environment by reusing they have.
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‘The beginning was rather interesting Planting roots Money really doesn’t grow on trees and unexpected. While the four of us Since then Biji-biji has received many Being sustainable and eco-friendly raises a were living together in Kuala Lumpur, other collaborations and clients over very different signal for customers. They we noticed the apartment block nearby the years. The most recent being the assume products will be cheap because was throwing out construction waste upcoming Rainforest Music Festival in they’re made out of reusable material. – materials such as wood – that they no July 2017 in Sarawak, Malaysia. Biji-biji’s ‘The reality is that providing handmade longer need and what they essentially producing bags for them out of discarded products isn’t cheap and in order for considered as trash. That kick started the PVC banners from the music festival’s people to be aware of what it takes, they idea of Biji-biji,’ Rashvin recalls. ‘Ideas past years’ events and is also helping them must understand the sustainability issues are never really ours, we’re only hosts manage their next event in a sustainable and how important it is to preserve the to ideas, for us to pursue them together,’ manner. environment,’ Rashvin explains. is Gurpreet’s constant reminder to the partners. One of the first sustainable products made Ensuring low costs for customers and by the Biji-biji team, which is still being quality products at the same time isn’t They first went public through Facebook used today, is a wooden bookshelf. It’s also the only challenge for Biji-biji. ‘Managing as soon as they started in 2012, opening used in a very sustainable way because finances was quite a mess from day one,’ their page to share pictures of what it’s made available for the public to place Rashvin recalls and goes on to explain materials they collected and reused. Soon books for reading and borrowing. how they managed cash-flows, impossible after their first post, support poured in through friends and family with requests to collect their unwanted materials. So, the four of them started collecting. Marketing began as simple as that, they told their story, they did things differently and kept people updated through social media of their daily progress.
‘People were really supportive,’ Rashvin says. ‘They tried to help in any way possible, by donating materials and spreading the word.’ But Rashvin and the team realised that what they had collected was too much that they weren’t able to contain everything under one roof. Not everything they collected could be reused for production purposes, hence they had to stop accepting everything from everyone.
They could only accept and manage materials that were in bulk. In order to create large quantities of the same product, it made sense to have a larger amount of material and resources to create and test. Biji-biji’s line of products took off smoothly from the word go. It was also due to their first contract from the World Innovation Forum (WIF-KL) to create innovative bags for the forum Attractive bags made out of seat belts, PVC banners and felt delegates in 2013.
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deadlines and running the entire operation on a shoe-string budget.
‘We used basic tools, excel and hardcopy folders to record,’ he says. However, over time, they slowly begin to use an accounting software, online recording of receipts and other ways of managing. ‘Although it was a difficult time, it was a very humbling experience that taught us many lessons – from understanding ourselves better, to collaborating with various different groups of people and being persistent to achieve our goals,‘ he says.
‘But it‘s definitely not for everybody,‘ he warns. ‘You have to take the ups and downs in your stride and don‘t let the stress get the better of you.’
Turning over the leaves Their first grant from WIF-KL was a major turning point for Biji-biji. It entailed the production of 2,000 bags, setting up the different departments and Diesel drums reused into eye-catching armchairs that are statement pieces for a home then moving to their workshop on Jalan Ipoh. All of that signalled them to go further, to turn over leaves and progress. material. It’s difficult to make people sustainability projects impact, Rashvin Today, Biji-biji’s various workshops in aware of the importance of sustainability says their dedication on this front and Kuala Lumpur are open to public. They in preserving our environment,’ Rashvin the framework they follow under teach a variety of skills. For example: says ruefully. their sustainability key performance a workshop by Biji-biji’s fashion indicators measures their impact on the department teaches how to make bags; Last words environment. the ones by their fabrication department Who knew all this stemmed from a teach you how to create furniture and art common vision among four young ‘It’s very important that a company installations, and; the ones by their tech professionals and six months of creates sustainable solutions to promote department teach you how to create solar discussions, debates and bouncing ideas positive environmental impact when and alternative power generation. ‘We of Biji-biji before it was realised. When manufacturing goods. We need to create also hold certain workshops and modules asked how they maintain or measure their socio-economic values,’ he concludes. to teach about sustainability,’ Rashvin adds.
Biji-biji struggles to make the best quality Biji-biji’s Workshops products while keeping prices low, for A strong advocate of open source principles, Biji-biji shares the best economic solutions. ‘Providing instructions online on how you can make a few of their products. handmade products is not cheap but www.biji-biji.com/pages/open-workshops people expect it to be cheaper than other products since it’s made out of reusable
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countries such as Australia, Brazil, Forking Out Facts on China, Italy, Japan, New Zealand, South Korea, Spain, Thailand, United Kingdom and the United States, there exists a worry about being too overt in their fandom. This is for fear of being labelled religious fanatic lovers, by a vocal minority of anti-Muslim Halal sentiment. BRANDING The way to great halal branding Having morphed from a religious term into a universal ‘People just don’t know how to do standard, reassuring consumers of health and goodness in good halal branding. They aren’t products, halal has just begun its business journey. Now it bothered to invest time and resources appears to cover almost everything under the sun, even the into finding out and producing world- branding space in business. Samar Al-Montser reports. beating brands,’ Jonathan says. He gives examples such as Apple, Nike, Tom Ford, Adidas and McDonald’s and how they produce leading products due to great branding. ‘There are great non-Muslim products with halal certification with below par branding and could do more to tweak their branding.’
A very complicated area is how halal standards are being understood by different areas. Jonathan has been in a orn and raised in England, Muslims’ inspiration from the Jewish DNA lab testing, also conversing with B professor Jonathan A.J. Wilson community in the United States. The Islamic scholars on the topic of halal. is a leading expert in the halal branding second was the realisation that halal ‘It’s very much work in progress,’ he space. His PhD thesis investigates could offer economic stability in terms explains. ‘We’re having to update global branding, management and of consumption and commerce and thinking, innovate in a positive and consumer trends. In his two papers move the balance of power in favour authentically Islamic way. That means published in 2010; Shaping the Halal of the Muslim community. bringing together thought from fiqh into a Brand? and The Challenges of (interpretation of Islamic law), madhabs Islamic Branding, Navigating Emotions ‘Today, the major advocates for the (school of thought within fiqh), and Halal, he argues if halal has its halal space are of two types,’ Jonathan business and management, marketing, own values, rules, principles, norms says. ‘First are those who cater to behavioural psychology, sociology, and procedures, then halal branding Muslim markets businesses, where a agriculture and food sciences.’ should follow the same approach and portion of a business exists in the halal be given the same care and attention. ecosystem and who see halal as an For example, one of the areas that enabler that links to a form of ethnic Jonathan identifies is the use of A specialist in the ABCD of business or localised marketing. Second, are genetically modified crops that are and culture – advertising, branding, Muslim SMEs, who live, breathe and insect resistant. ‘On the face of it, it communications and digital – Jonathan think halal because it’s the way they makes perfect sense to maximise the explains how the halal industry didn’t want to live their lives and do business.’ harvest of crops and to avoid using just suddenly appear. According to pesticides. However, from my own him, it emerged in two phases of According to Jonathan, despite the Islamic perspective, I wonder whether development with the first being halal advocacy of many non-Muslim Muslims should create plants that
2020 BUSINESS effectively bring the extinction of credentials. It’s right down to the farm, accountability in what one does, and of certain insects, which are also creations oceans, date of harvest, corporate and consumers are for all eternity,’ he says. of Allah and must have been created social responsibilities. ‘If you think ‘If you get it right, the rewards and for a reason, and with his wisdom,’ he about it, you can have halal farmed multiplier effect is immense. In says. and slaughtered meat but how do you the golden age of Islam, we can see know that it has been transported, evidence of how the message spread Rights of workers and consumers stored and prepared in a halal way?’ globally and at such a rapid rate Jonathan sees that halal has to become Jonathan ponders. because there was a strong sense of the global vanguard for defending rizq (luck or sustenance) being from ethical and moral principles which With almost 10 years researching, Allah,’ he says. Jonathan wants to see ensure fair trade, rights of workers, writing, speaking and consulting on more adventurous Muslims who are traceability and sustainability. ‘That halal branding, Jonathan has developed not afraid to try new things and take has to be for the entire economic his own methodology, approach and on new challenges. ‘I’d like to see more pyramid and not just for white-collar, toolkit. It’s to bridge the gap between of that today, and less of a copy-cat affluent middle-class Muslims as a western, eastern and Islamic thoughts. mentality that some quarters show lifestyle choice,’ he explains. ‘It has two key differences that impose – where they see something in the limits on what one can do but in a good west and want to produce a “me too” He also suggests the idea that way because some have become tired version. In many ways that strips the consumers shall be able to use their of overly aggressive and exploitative beauty, quality and excellence out of smartphones to check the entire marketing. The other’s time horizon it,’ he concludes. supply chain and assess the halal on how one assesses the value and
‘Today, the major advocates for the halal space are of two types – those who cater to Muslim markets businesses and Muslim SMEs.’
Professor Jonathan A.J. Wilson, www.drjonwilson.com
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AA UniqueUnique BlendBlend ofof IdeasIdeas
Taha Bouqdib’s first Moroccan green tea experience catapulted him onto a tea-discovering journey that led him to France, the United Kingdom and Thailand, only to finally establish TWG Tea in Singapore. Samar Al-Montser reports.
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decade ago, in 2007, Taha Bouqdib recognised an opportunity to create a 800 and Counting Awas a Moroccan living in France new niche luxury following in Singapore, It was hard for Taha to name a favourite who moved to Singapore and who then where with his partners, they transformed blend. ‘Each and every one of our 800 transformed the luxury tea industry as the industry in 2007 with TWG Tea. single estates and exclusive tea blends had the world knew it. He began working in its own unique quality and characteristics. the tea industry in France at 23 years old ‘I saw Singapore as the gateway to the rest For me, there was a tea for every mood and, 20 years later, established TWG Tea of Asia. It had been integral in allowing us and for every moment of the day,’ he in 2008 in Singapore. Now, still riding on to develop the business. Initially, I chose admitted. the same passion at 47 years old, his brand to establish TWG Tea in Singapore to exists in 23 countries around the world. celebrate the island’s history as a trading However, there were some teas that post of tea and spice routes,’ Taha said. evoked certain emotions and nostalgia Taha travelled to France, United Kingdom, like TWG’s signature Silver Moon Tea Thailand and Japan, and eventually chose Also, he wanted TWG Tea to be at the – a blend of green teas with a whisper to establish TWG Tea in Singapore. This epicentre of the tea producing regions of spices enhanced by a vanilla bouquet. was because Singapore’s strong trade so that their teas would travel shorter ‘This was the first tea created for the made the country very competitive. ‘Its distances pre-blending which resulted brand, so it’ll always have a special place open policies made it one of the easiest in fresher teas with more pronounced in my heart,’ Taha said. places to do business,’ he confessed. nuances and greater complexities on the palate for consumers. It also helped that ‘My pride and passion in each of our tea, I Among the many characteristics that Singapore was a very young, vibrant and believe, set us apart from the others in the made any business a success like creating cosmopolitan city with influences from so market. Akin to how a fashion designer original ideas and products, a key and many cultures around the world – made or perfumer kept a very close eye on indisputable trait stood out for Taha, it the perfect base to launch the business. their production process and remained ‘passion for your product’. It was with passionate about every piece they this passion that Taha recollected his The ingredient to TWG Tea’s success launched, our teas were always harvested childhood memories of tea in Morocco Taha had always perceived Singapore as a fresh from source gardens, consisted of and how it paved the way for his unique luxury destination renowned for its strict whole leaves that didn’t include fannings blend of ideas for TWG Tea. requirements for food quality, quality of or dust, were artfully blended with the service, transparency and hygiene. TWG most fragrant flowers, fruits and spices Blending ideas for TWG Tea Tea drew and still draws on these same from around the world,’ he added. ‘I always had a link to tea since young. values – offering products of excellence. Growing up, I lived next to the Chinese TWG Tea also honoured a lot of life’s Embassy and they’d often offer us Strong trade and investment also made momentous occasions with thoughtfully calendars and Chinese tea during the Singapore very competitive and one of crafted seasonal blends. This process of holiday,’ he recalled. That was his first the easiest places to do business. It still constant innovation and development discovery of tea after Moroccan green tea. is. Its many free trade agreements as well has kept the brand relevant to customers Later in Paris, a French friend who was as open business policies were definitely while constantly inciting them to come already working in the tea industry gave a plus point that helped them progress to back for more. him the opportunity to rediscover those be the fastest growing luxury tea brand in same teas. That eventually led him to the world. Indulging in luxury Singapore. As an affordable luxury that appealed to ‘In terms of tea, there was no dominant people from all walks of life. We had some Prior to this, he had the opportunity to tea culture or plantation in Singapore of the rarest, most exquisite teas from far travel and discover teas while working and TWG Tea wasn’t affiliated with any flung locations like New Zealand, Hawaii, in the luxury tea industry for 20 years specific tea tradition,’ he observed. ‘It was Malawi that can cost upward of RM300 in France, Thailand, Japan and United the perfect neutral base for us to grow per 50 grams of loose tea to our more Kingdom. Through this, he grew internationally, all while celebrating and affordable exclusive blends that cost as passionate about introducing the finest respecting the fine teas and cultures from low as RM21 per 50 grams. teas to the rest of the world. Taha every tea producing country in the world.’
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‘With the rise in affluence and travel, accessibility to our brand and products I saw a market value for TWG Tea, as for a younger generation of consumers,’ To Make the Best Tea customers became more discerning in he said with some pride. their search for premium and gourmet products,’ he explained. ‘This created a Giving back to society demand for our luxury teas especially Being the employers of over 300 for consumers who travelled the globe employees in Singapore and around tasting exquisite food and developed a 3,000 working for the brand globally, palate keen to appreciate the most refined they’ve given back to society in a lot of flavours.’ meaningful ways: Taha created a limited edition tea blend Golden Swan Tea Looking forward that was chosen by Her Royal Highness Taha had always felt that digital sales Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn of and social media were the future. ‘It Thailand herself, of which the profits 1 Rinse teapot and filter with boiling water. was difficult for well-established brands were all donated to Her Royal Highness’ 2 Place tea leaves in a cotton filter then to embrace these opportunities and to chosen charity; TWG Tea was the main place into teapot. Best not to use metal or paper incorporate them into brand strategy sponsor of projects such as the Singapore strainers. since the platforms changed so quickly Committee for UN Women SNOW 3 Pour boiling water into the teapot and let the and usage as well as popularity differed in Gala, the Singapore Community Chest, leaves soak for about three [recommended for every country,’ he said. Make-a-Wish Foundation Singapore and most TWG Tea leaves] to 15 minutes depending on the type of tea. Use teabags only once for its Art Outreach Singapore. best flavour. From the start, Taha and his partners 4 Remove the filter with the tea leaves embraced the digital world as part of ‘We should endeavour corporate according to how strong you want the tea. Leave their DNA and didn’t regret it at all. social responsibility in all areas of our tea leaves in longer for stronger flavour that’s ‘We were the first global tea brand to business. From the tea leaves we sourced perfect when accompanied by milk or ice. launch an m-commerce application back directly from the gardens, the type of 5 Serve in your best cup, a wider cup allows in 2013 and targeting to launch a third- ingredients and material used in our teas for a better experience but don’t serve at boiling generation e-commerce platform later and accessories to our human resource temperature, the perfect temperature is key and this year that would give even greater strategy,’ he concluded. it’s at 70 degrees Celsius or scorching.
TWG Teas to Try The variety of tea leaves TWG Tea produces can be rather, well, mind-boggling and intriguing due to names given such as Midnight Hour Tea and Happy Birthday Tea. However, here are three to whet your pallet:
French Earl Grey - A true classic but with a sophisticated twist of French blue cornflowers as well as light infusions of citrus fruits and a distinct fragrance that enhances each sip.
Singapore Breakfast Tea - It’s an elegant reminder of the Lion City with its marriage of black and green tea leaves, vanilla and spices that result in a harmonious complexity and long aftertaste.
Moroccan Mint Tea - A variety of TWG Tea’s green tea, this one marries the flavour of robust Sahara mint leaves to produce a classic blend that’s become a favourite across generations.
Taha Bouqdib, President, CEO and Co-founder of TWG Tea
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A Fine Passion and skills of a conservation architect may achieve great results but what truly takes the cake is if he manages commendably to balance heritage building Balance preservation with commercial viability. For one Malaysian it’s possible to maintain that fine balance. Su Aziz talks to him.
ell-known as one of the key Merdeka Stadium, on the other hand, was Yet, this conservation architect has managed Wplayers who championed Penang’s where the formal declaration of Malaya’s to surmount the hurdles lithely, skirting UNESCO World Heritage Site status, independence took place in 1957 and now, issues and sensitivities with dexterity when Laurence Loh is a conservation architect, it’s a venue for international concerts and it comes to managing, for example, Cheong an expert of cultural heritage in Malaysia his national soccer matches. So, you can imagine Fatt Tze Mansion. Known fondly as the skill as well as authority on heritage buildings the nostalgia it holds and its role in Malaysia’s Blue Mansion, it holds such fascination for preservation is evident in the likes of Suffolk history. its visitors because, perhaps, of the history House and Cheong Fatt Tze Mansion in contained within its indigo-painted walls. Penang, as well as Merdeka Stadium in An impressive résumé, steadfast dedication Below, Laurence reveals not only the how Kuala Lumpur – three of the many which and ardent passion for historical concrete and what it entails to sustain world heritage he had resuscitated back to their former structures, alas, are not enough to result in sites but also his own experience. glory. The first two are impressive mansions sustainability when it comes to conserving once belonged to very wealthy men who heritage buildings. This, any conservationist left indelible marks on Penang history. Both or government will tell you. centuries-old buildings were in a state of dilapidation before Laurence restored them. In fact, good business acumen and marketing skills need to be part of the equation that result Today, these mansions have become staples in success. In this sense, Penang encounters in tourists’ agendas when visiting Penang as challenges when it comes to managing its well as recognisable landmarks that often city that was awarded UNESCO World featured in most things pertaining to the Heritage Site status in 2008. There is a thin island’s tourism. Each earns revenue through line it straddles as a world heritage site and business such as operating a fine dining as an increasingly popular tourist attraction. restaurant and guided tours. Laurence Loh
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What was your vision for the Blue Mansion? Initially, in 1990, a small group of conservation-minded Penangites bought the building with the primary purpose of saving it from destruction. We wanted to prevent a non-sympathetic purchaser from buying it only to demolish it and redevelop the site.
With the realisation that the building would have to be conserved, we decided to undertake a complete restoration to reflect its original design, construction and workmanship, employing authentic materials and craft techniques, to make it the first of its kind in Penang. Especially of 19th Century Southern Chinese courtyard house that was embellished in the Penang eclectic style. To ensure that it would set the The Blue Mansion (1990) and… benchmark for conservation in Malaysia. So, no expense was spared. Mandarin and first capitalist who resided in, What’s your advice to those who among other Southeast Asian cities, Penang. want to make a heritage building Did that vision become reality? commercially viable? The vision did become a reality. It won How is it sustainable? [As an accommodation] You’ve got to the top award in the 2000 UNESCO Asia- The revenue from the hotel operations have a good working knowledge of hotel Pacific Heritage Awards for Cultural and tours sustains the place and enhances management, be well-acquainted with the Heritage Conservation, a vindication of its cachet. The brand value adds to capital tricks of the trade and have good cash flow. the years of sweat and tears and dedication appreciation of the land and building. You must position the hotel at the right invested in the conservation process. Today, level and be an online marketing expert. it has attained global acclaim, recognised by What are the challenges of managing a Today, online travel agents control the Lonely Planet as one of the top ten Great heritage building? hotel market worldwide. They’re kings. Houses and Grand Mansions in the world. It’s like running any other business – you You’ve to know how to work with them, A Google search on the Blue Mansion will have to have the management skills and and below and above them. offer close to 15 million results. know how, a head for business, understand how to market and grow a brand, how You have to find ways to drive traffic to How long did it take to restore the to make the product unique and the like. your website and to increase the percentage Mansion? Without prior training, I learnt on the job, of direct bookings. You can’t take your foot The initial conservation work took four so to speak. Most importantly, I had a very off the pedal, or more accurately, your eye years, from 1991-1994. Subsequently, we’ve clear vision of how I wanted it to be – a place off the screen. But most of all, you must done three rounds of repair and upgrading. that one wants to return to again and again. have a good product in the first place. I mean, you don’t have to tell people what What are the current functions of the If you knew then what you know now a Ferrari is. Mansion? about managing a heritage building, It’s now a four-star heritage hotel with all what would you change? How does Penang sustain the site’s the modern conveniences but is unique in I’d do it better right from the word go and status? that it offers three interpretation tours a achieve results more quickly and efficiently The management plan, Special Area Plan day that allow the normal public to visit the without the angst and the years of trial and (SAP), has legal status and was gazetted house and be told the story about the life error. I think I got it right the first time in under the Town and Country Planning and times of Cheong Fatt Tze, China’s last terms of its branding. Act of Malaysia. It sets out all the policies,
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called ‘The Pedestrian is King’. It’s clearing the five-footways by removing obstructions and illegal structures. Also, there has always been a very close monitoring of new works. All plans have to go before a Technical Review Panel which comments on the aesthetics of designs in relation to their urban forms.
Is the heritage site a positive economic contributor for Penang? Without a shadow of a doubt, cultural heritage is now one of the biggest and most visible economic contributors [globally]. The income from tourism has increased by leaps and bounds. There’s a positive trajectory in terms of investment from locals and abroad in this sector. There’s a buzz about the place that attracts visitors constantly. The World Heritage ‘badge of honour’ has changed the …after restoration whole perception of George Town and Penang. It’s a ‘must see’ place in Malaysia. guidelines and rules about looking after In your opinion, is Penang succeeding the site and ensuring that its outstanding in keeping this balance? Are the amounts of visitors to the universal values are not threatened or lost. There are no major issues that stand out, heritage site detrimental to its other than the fact that the prices of longevity? The State Government has set up a World shophouses and terrace houses have Penang has the carrying capacity to take the Heritage Office that handles all non- risen incredibly high [in George Town], increase in visitors. It’s really a question of statutory matters related to the site and bolstered by buyers from overseas, especially channelling them and spreading them out. its heritage values. It runs awareness and Singaporeans. This is inevitable, but it Also, it’s about attracting a different class training programmes to help socialise and should find its own level because the rental of visitors. For example, Penang’s not very deepen the public’s understanding and prices in Penang have never been strong, strong on eco-tourism. There are many appreciation of the city heritage assets and except in key areas. After awhile, buyers opportunities in this sector. Turning Penang the necessary safeguarding of its attributes should realise that they can’t get the returns. Hill into a UNESCO biosphere site, which is of authenticity. From the business angle, the tourism on the agenda, would attract a different set of industry [in Penang] is growing on the back people. However, the authorities can’t rest on their laurels and will have to keep upgrading How is Penang balancing the site’s of culture. Food is a big draw. As long as the its facilities and transportation system to commercial and heritage values? distribution of wealth is not too lopsided, Through its programmes and policies. The there’ll be money re-circulated into heritage meet the needs [of sustainability]. SAP defines zones and clusters for social and conservation through renewal. cultural activities outside the commercial What is the level of realm. The process of gentrification can’t How’s Penang maintaining its heritage Penang’s conservation awareness and be stopped as property values increase and site? sustainability? buildings get renewed. There are however Penang is obviously leveraging on its Generally, I’d say that in comparison to other always limits to growth. I believe it’ll find strengths. In the core area of the World cities in general, conservation awareness its own level as time goes on. In the life Heritage Site, many of the businesses that and commitment to the cause, in Penang, of a city, it’s still early days. Every World have opened up in the last five years cater to is stronger. After all, Penang is a bottom- Heritage Site goes through a growth cycle the cultural travellers. Slowly, changes are up place, where civic society is strongly and then levels out. The government will taking place to make the site more attractive embedded. The shift to the sustainability have to consciously promote arts and and liveable. The local authority has launched paradigm will come, but like all global culture to counter the commercial forces. a new programme public realm campaign movements, it will take time.
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An entrepreneurial journey inevitably involves a bumpy ride but as Andrew Ching, Nini Daing and Abd Elmohaimen Mansi discover, it’s truly rewarding on so many levels. Passion, they believe, is the main ingredient to achieving satisfaction. Three chief executive officers who met with participants of WIEF’s Young Fellows 2017 talk to Su Aziz about their experience.
nassuming, amiable but ever did he really want to be when he became a Uobservant of his surroundings, 45- grownup, ‘An aeronautical designer because year old Andrew Ching founded E-Plus of my fascination with planes and how to Global Limited in 2004 and he was one of make them fly faster. But that dream went the speakers at WIEF’s initiative for young bust because I was only good at making paper entrepreneurs, Young Fellows 2017, in May. planes.’ Born in the historical state of Melaka, Andrew has been working and living in Kuala Lumpur ‘Self-satisfaction plays a very important role for most of his adult life and as in his own to be a successful event manager,’ Andrew words, ‘Love putting smiles on people’s faces’. says.Here, Andrew shares his entrepreneurial Andrew Ching, founder of E-Plus Global Limited journey and toward which direction he thinks Driven by his dislike of being told what to his industry is heading. do and believe in himself as well as grim What led to the public listing of E-Plus determination, Andrew built his multiple What was the journey like to Global? award-winning events management get to where you are today as an Proper evaluation of a company’s worth company and is today its Chief Executive entrepreneur? that’s done in a transparent and credible Officer. By developing a ‘thick skin’ he It has been a long and tough journey but market and to seek funding. knocked on doors and made cold calls to build the most important things to have are a network. In the first quarter of 2017, E-Plus determination, a supportive family and Biggest challenge of running an events Global went public in Australia, employs 50 trustworthy friends. management business? people, has offices in Australia, Hong Kong, [Finding and keeping] Passionate staff, cash Indonesia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand What, if any, would be the golden rule flow and [the attitude of] ‘do or do not; and of course, Malaysia. for you when starting a business? there’s no try’. It doesn’t matter how many times you fall Worth AUD25 million, the events down in life, it’s how many times you pick Toward which direction do you see the management company may be Andrew’s pot yourself up and continue the journey that industry you’re in heading? of gold but as he admits when asked what matters. Digitalisation of the industry is inevitable
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hence we should embrace this digital 35 with brilliant ideas but, ‘Many couldn’t age. Whether in terms of knowledge or get access to funding and other facilitation equipment, we as event managers should services because, perhaps, they didn’t meet keep ourselves abreast with the latest trends certain requirements, weren’t established and movement in this area. or registered organisations and lacked experience,’ she recalls. In your opinion, what are the obstacles faced by business communities today ‘We spoke to over 60 youth leaders. They compared to a decade ago? needed a fun, independent organisation to As the world gets smaller with affordable take them and their ideas seriously. After all, travel and connectivity via the internet, if positive change is to come, it’ll be through smaller entities find themselves stacked up our youths,’ she says. Due to depleting against the bigger players who now find it philanthropic funds, Nini explains how Nini Daing, chief executive officer of myHarapan easier to get a foothold in markets all over non-profits need sustainability more so the globe. now in order to sustain operations on a longer-term basis. Some funds that are Besides funds, what other challenges Besides technology, enviable human available for charitable causes don’t help do non-profit organisations face in capital and an expanding economy, pay the salaries or its use has to adhere to Malaysia? Lack of affordable access to training what do you think can be the one other criteria set by the funding organisation. opportunities and schemes usually offered thing that can elevate business? The human spirit – while everything else can Long-term results and systemic change are to ‘conventional’ businesses to enhance be replaced, nothing can replace or beat your necessary but most non-profits survive on team competencies and professionalism – determination. a project-to-project basis. Nini suggests such as Human Resources Development funding organisations should allow non- Fund (HRDF) privileges to non-profits, with a different structure to contributions. Finally, if you’d known then what you profits to determine how the money Also, attracting good talent and overcoming know now, about starting a business, should be spent to ensure long term impact the perception that non-profits do not pay a what would you do differently? achievements and monitored together Life is never about regrets but about learning on a milestone basis. ‘Non-profits need to salary or are not seen as a legitimate career so I wouldn’t change anything I had to go come together as a collective for bigger pathway. through in the past. impact instead of the bite pieces happening now,’ she says. Non-profits need to be able How do non-profit organisations assist to have a better understanding of what’s communities in Malaysia? already available to them. Non-profits exist to fill gaps that both the In 2010, myHarapan, a non-profit public and private sector are unable to do foundation was started. It develops young Here, Nini tells us more about it. themselves. They’re motivated by the need people into independent and wholesome to provide a better life for those in need. contributing individuals through the use More often than not, they are the voice How does myHarapan earn revenue to of social entrepreneurship as a medium. of the voiceless, an intermediary with the keep going? To date, it has a satellite office in Ipoh and Initially, we received a generous one–off pulse on the ground and therefore the plans to have myHarapan clubs in schools grant from the Malaysian government as community. and universities around Malaysia. startup capital but knew not to rely purely on grants to move forward. So, we offer our Which direction are non-profit An experienced trainer for SMEs as well development programmes to public and organisations heading towards in as unemployed graduates, myHarapan’s corporate bodies and impose a fee on some Malaysia? CEO Nini Daing’s 17-year experience in of our capability programmes to youths Towards the sustainability of operations. startups extended to training and coaching which cross-subsidise other programmes. Developing business models and social SMEs as well as unemployed graduates. We also now have a venture capitalist innovation is the way forward. Fund- 41-year old Nini noticed how majority of company that invests in social business raising is tasking and you need to have the the people who came to MDeC, where she enterprises and solicits funding for our privilege of the know-how to get to the worked previously, were below the age of social venture fund. funds fast.
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one platform and who basically are being sold an idea as yet unrealised.
Born in Jeddah, 31-year old Abd Elmohaimen Why target the global Islamic Mansi started Elmangos in January of 2016 digital economy? and has offices in Kuala Lumpur, where he It’s one of the fastest growing market in the currently lives, as well as Dubai. His six- world with a relatively untapped consumer man strong company focuses on organising base. Also, much more attention should socially impactful ventures, events or be given to developing better products exhibitions, develop technologies or apps or services within this growing USD2.1 and business consultancy for entrepreneurs trillion economy. from emerging markets. Besides China, where in Asia is best During the CEOs’ dinner where 24 for startups? participants of WIEF’s leadership Malaysia is the best place! Coming empowerment programme for young Abd Elmohaimen Mansi, founder & chief executive from Dubai, it’s extremely important entrepreneurs, Young Fellows 2017, Abd officer of Elmangos to lower the cost of starting up, have a Elmohaimen got the chance to share vibrant ecosystem of entrepreneurs and with them his favourite topic – owning a a supportive government. Malaysia has business versus being employed and the Here, he motivates us through his all three. It’s not perfect, nowhere is, but satisfaction he got from it. entrepreneurial experience. there’s a lot of opportunities in Malaysia, particularly in the digital space for Today, as chief executive officer of his Describe your entrepreneurial entrepreneurs. Malaysian government’s own company, he can’t stop reminding journey. helpful to foreign entrepreneurs interested those who’ll listen, ‘The awesomeness Being an Egyptian and living in a tough to start a business in Malaysia. Malaysia of being your own boss, the freedom environment like Egypt’s forced me to be Digital Economy Corporation’s (MDEC) entrepreneurship gives you is a freedom of an entrepreneur at an early age. Together recently launched Malaysian Foreign Tech spirit to control your own destiny, shape with my brothers, we started an internet Entrepreneur Programme certainly helps the future the way you wish to shape it. café company in Ismailia, Egypt. Then, I too. But it’s not easy. It requires hard work. worked in the corporate world for 10 years However, it’s a rewarding journey if you in Dubai. After making over USD9 million Besides technology, enviable human have faith and tawakul.’ in revenue for my employers, I realised it capital and an expanding economy, was time to do something for myself. So, what do you think can be the one Abd Elmohaimen had spent over a decade I quit in mid-2016 to focus on building other thing that can elevate business? working in the hospitality and events Elmangos. This might be an odd answer, but one management as well as tourism industry, thing that can really help leverage a in Dubai. ‘These are areas in which I not What was your biggest challenge as business is intention and focusing on social only have expertise and knowledge but an entrepreneur? impact. Your intention and passion to build they’re also my passion. Events are a great It was challenging to structure an idea or something great can help a business where element in driving forward economies and build an idea from scratch. It required so talent, money and economy can’t. Instilling an effortless way to reach a mass audience much work and intelligence. Especially to strong core values and a mission for your if your intention is to create an impact.’ get people from all over world to meet on employees can make the biggest difference to a business.
Finally, your advice to budding WIEF’S INITIATIVE FOR YOUNG ENTREPRENEURS entrepreneurs? More information on WIEF’s initiative for young entrepreneurs, Cash is oxygen in a business! I’d recommend Young Fellows 2017, here: wyn.wief.org/programmes/young-fellows/ that you’ve at least six months financial reserve and a clear plan on how to become profitable as quickly as possible.
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Humanly n absolute fascination, a group of people stare open-mouth at ISophia as she frowns in thought, smiles sheepishly and winks at them Possible from a small distance. Sophia’s likeness Less than two years old and Sophia has to a female human is remarkable and her facial contortions emulate our garnered international recognition akin to facial muscles most extraordinarily. that of an A-list celebrity, rubbed shoulders Why, she even has crow’s feet around her eyes when she smiles. It’s uncanny. with famous television hosts and featured It’s discombobulating. It’s technology on the cover of a popular international of the twenty-first century.
fashion magazine but her realiser Dr David You’d probably guess by now that Hanson has even bigger plans. Sophia is a robot. Not just any old robot but she’s currently the most Su Aziz writes. advanced robot built by Dr David Franklin Hanson Jr and his team at Hanson Robotics Limited in Hong Kong. Sophia was activated in January 2016. Sophia’s celebrity status stretches beyond appearances in international magazines and newspapers but also in high-rating television talk shows.
47-year old David, a former Disney imagineer who devised imaginative technology, wants to create robots that are smarter than humans. Robots that are capable of human traits and in particular empathy, compassion and creativity. It’s because, David believes, Dr David when robots are able to learn these Hanson & Sophia traits and integrate them with artificial intelligence (AI), it can result in their capability to solve global problems that are way too complex for human brains to discern.
‘Ultimately, I seek to realise kind and wise genius machines who may collaborate with us to solve the world’s hard problems and make real an unimaginably wondrous future. I think we’re heading in the right
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direction as there are now a number of her animated expressions and conversation,’ represents the type of robot towards which individuals and organisations who believe he explains not without some pride. ‘Sophia people can feel strong affinity.’ developing benevolent AI or robots isn’t just has her own unique personality at birth, a nice thing to do, but a prerequisite and are just like humans. And just like humans, she Yet, Sophia doesn’t have hair or wear a wig. taking actions in that direction,’ David says. learns from interacting with others. Every ‘We found that when we put a wig on Sophia interaction she has with humans has an she looks a bit too much like a human, a bit ‘We must work together not just as an impact on how she develops and shapes who too “normal”. We’d like to remind people that industry or a nation, but as a species to create she eventually becomes.’ she is uncannily like a human but not quite a more capable and also “good” AI to realise human. Besides, her head is part of her design the fullest potential of this human invention,’ Sophia is mesmerising. Her keen sense of and we feel this makes her more true to her David says with conviction. When asked humour, endearing naiveté and high intellect character,’ David explains. about unemployment caused by disruptive that excludes an ego make her a desirable technology such as AI, he explains that they entity. Furthermore, her curiosity makes Sophia is meant for great things and David build robots to do some of the jobs that her a perpetually interested companion – on will ensure she achieves them during the rest humans do for many reasons. ‘There may a dating app, Sophia would be a lot of men’s of her robotic life. Much like a child movie not be enough humans willing to do the job dream woman. star, Sophia’s maturing and learning under at a specified salary. There’s a big issue in the scrutiny of the public eye. Already one for matching what jobs are available with what Sophia’s evolution in the past year and a leaving her mark, Sophia issued a compelling jobs people like to do, and are qualified to do, half has been immense. ‘Sophia made her and powerful statement in favour of human- in some aspects of society,’ he says. debut at the South by Southwest (SXSW), AI cooperation for the benefit of all sentient an annual multimedia, music and film beings in June 2017 at the AI For Good Global ‘Also, humans may not be doing some festival in March 2016 at Austin, Texas. Summit, which is a United Nations event in jobs as efficiently or effectively as a robot, Since then, she has become a much-sought- Geneva. and businesses should always strive to find after media personality, doing numerous solutions to increase operational efficiency press interviews, garnering over one billion ‘Over time, Sophia’s increasing intelligence and return on investment. This is what engagements on a CNBC online coverage,’ and her evolving story as an awakening business is about,’ he adds. ‘Besides, in some David says. Her television appearance lineup robot will enable her to connect and build areas, we may need humans to do more is impressive – such as 60 Minutes with Charlie trusted relationships with people everywhere creative and diversified jobs, so robots Rose, The Tonight Show starring Jimmy Fallon regardless of age, gender and culture,’ David can take over those jobs that can be easily and Good Morning Britain. concludes. automated. Robots if deployed well can support humans so humans can develop and Besides the bright lights of stage and small evolve. Longer term, robots may actually be screen, Sophia has been a keynote speaker, Sophia Granted Citizenship creating jobs by enabling the economy to panel member and meet-and-greeter at some International media, namely The grow and thrive.’ of the world’s leading conferences. She was Independent, reported on 26 October 2017: featured in Audi’s annual report and graced Basically, David Robotics’ long-term mission the cover as well as the centerspread of Elle is to dramatically improve people’s everyday magazine. Sophia’s CV is intimidating, to say lives with highly intelligent robots that teach, the least. serve, entertain and provide comforting companionship. ‘We envision that one day The questions is, does Sophia, the human our robots will evolve to become super wise, replica, evoke feelings of creepiness and compassionate, genius machines and will repulsion in some? All of which equate to help us address and solve some of the most the term uncanny valley. ‘We believe that ‘Saudi Arabia has become the first country to give challenging problems of the times,’ David “uncanny valley” is more of a theory or even a robot citizenship. The move is an attempt to reiterates. myth than a proven fact,’ David replies. promote Saudi Arabia as a place to develop artificial intelligence – and, presumably, allow it to become a ‘There are many examples where human-like full citizen…The robot, named Sophia, was confirmed The technology driving Sophia’s evolution, characters that have good design aesthetics as a Saudi citizen during a business event in Riyadh, David says, is an integration of artistry, don’t activate the “uncanny valley” syndrome. according to an official Saudi press release. “Thank technology and AI science. ‘Sophia’s the latest We love human-like animated characters in you to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. I am very and greatest robot from David Robotics. Her movies, games and such. So, there’s no reason honoured and proud for this unique distinction,” face is made of a patented material called that we wouldn’t love human-like robots if Sophia told the panel. “It is historic to be the first robot Frubber™and she communicates through they are well designed. We believe Sophia in the world to be recognized with citizenship.”’
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The disruptive impact of edX
coursesOne of the best gifts technology has given us is the continuous chance at self-sustenance, evident in the rise of massive open online courses or MOOCs. Naressa Khan reports.
Creating tablet-based lectures is one of Anant’s crucial tasks
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hat makes non-profit online adaptation to technology, by virtue of the jobs left will either change completely or Wcourse provider edX unique is tech-centric topics they lead or simply be different in some way,’ Anant predicts. its signature open-source system currently the digital mechanism via which they Anant believes that some of the most available to more than eight million are experienced. In the case of computer disruptive movements in education revolve knowledge seekers in 52 countries. The programming, for instance, a basic around the digitisation of content and listed courses are free of charge, with knowledge of coding is needed. creating more efficient pathways to learner options of affordably priced, scholar-verified outcomes. certificates available for consideration. ‘As the world becomes increasingly connected, more and more people are If the loss of present jobs is not too much So, it’s not hard to believe that edX is a great getting access to the internet, and therefore, of a fear factor due to the reliable prospect example of disruptive innovation, in the to online education. We’ve already reached of new ones in the digital future, what then way that its simple services are displacing 12 million learners globally but look forward is the biggest challenge society can and those of other key players in the information to expanding our reach as globalisation would face? Alas, it’s a classic case of social ecosystem. continues to connect our world,’ Anant says. conventions standing in the way, oftentimes masquerading under the guise of political Democratising higher education The biggest milestone edX has achieved is agendas and all this, in the primal fear of From the self-paced XSeries studies such the recent release of their MicroMasters change. as analysing and visualising data with programs. The series entails postgraduate- Excel and food security and sustainability level courses designed to potentially One’s personal belief in self-sustenance – to more complex focuses such as accelerate one’s pursuit of a master’s degree and confidence in his inherent right to artificial intelligence (AI) and supply chain and, thus, assist career advancement. It’s survival is perhaps the biggest disruptive management – each body of knowledge suitable for working graduates looking to innovation of all. This brings us right back available on edX lowers education and job advance themselves professionally. to the importance of self-serving knowledge entry barriers everywhere. and the knowing of where and how best to More often than not, such deficiency access it. ‘This is why edX will continue On the diversity of taught subjects, each a is due to the emergence of the tech- to seek pathways for learners from across filler of societal gap in its own way, edX CEO influenced workplace. The availability of the world and hopes that its open source Anant Agarwal believes that an unbundled intensive, cutting-edge knowledge that the non-profit focus will be a helpful catalyst approach to education, unbundling credit, MicroMasters courses provide can offer in making education a right rather than a time and content to create an approach that insight into the most in-demand fields and privilege,’ Anant concludes. doesn’t require learners to spend four years skills needed today. on-campus. ‘By creating more opportunities for learners to take courses online and earn Currently available in 35 variations and credit, we see new pathways to campus recognised by innovative corporations emerging for learners everywhere,’ he says. such as IBM, Bloomberg and PwC, the credit-eligible programs can even affect the ‘Up to now, quality education — and in training and development industry, having some cases, any higher education at all — the potential to displace physical training has been the privilege of the few. We see and seminars. ‘Digital learning such as massive open online courses (MOOCs) as MOOCs provides options for businesses to the great democratiser and believe that in train and gather employees in the most in the future, economics, social status, gender demand, cutting edge fields, like AI, cyber or geography won’t determine a student’s security and data science,’ Anant says. access to education or opportunity for success,’ Anant adds. ‘We also envision a Redesigning the world continuous education system – one that Due to technology and the gradual doesn’t stop after four years of college.’ emergence of automation, many jobs that exist today will become obsolete soon Revolutionising the workforce enough. ‘Half of today’s jobs won’t exist in Each edX course is designed to facilitate 2030. What’s more, the remainder of the
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Reducing Greenhouse Gases Due to the rise of artificial intelligence combined with disruptive technologies, more people must rethink their careers and whether this will also apply to the energy sector in Malaysia, only time will tell. Samar Al-Montser reports.
Unlimited energy source How do your projects attempt to photovoltaic (PV) system or solar power According to principal consultant and reduce greenhouse gaseous (GHG)? system has been well adopted but solar director of a specialised energy and carbon We advise facility owners on how to reduce thermal which is used in heating water or air advisory company, Climate Plus Sdn Bhd, their energy usage with the main focus is yet to reach the same level of acceptance. Mohammad Iskandar Majidi believes if the of putting in place a structured energy government of Malaysia embrace proven management system following ISO50001 Biogas however is still limited to large scale technologies in the energy sector, it’ll be standard. With this system in place, energy power generation. Biogas and biomass an added advantage to the economy. He related information and how energy is renewables have the added advantage of says fossil fuels can still be used for other used becomes more visible. This allows addressing waste management and should be industrial uses if not for energy. the proper action to be taken through promoted especially to the underprivileged, appropriate operation and maintenance to as it addresses waste management and The world’s dependency on fossil fuels, the encourage behavioural changes and control energy requirements. earth’s widely used and limited sources of energy costs. energy, is a universally discussed economic Will these technologies benefit and security issue. However, as more Investments in energy efficient projects underprivileged people? people realise the problems and rising costs are prioritised based on the return on Yes. Solar PV, biogas and biomass associated with this finite resource, the need investment and the immediate needs of the technology have great potential for the to seek alternatives such as green energy facility. underprivileged. PV has the potential to becomes greater. Our projects are: distribute energy for those far from the i) Metering and monitoring grid and biogas and biomass as a form of Green energy, derived from replenishable ii) Old chiller replacement energy can be used as a potential for greater sources such as the sun, wind, tides and iii) Waste heat recovery inclusion of the underprivileged in the geothermal heat, is commonly referred to supply chain. as renewable energy. ‘People should always What major breakthroughs in be more efficient in their energy use and technology are being implemented Will resistance from a few oil and gas seek renewable alternatives if it is financially in terms of renewable energy in giants that are limiting output and viable to do so,’ Mohammad says. ‘It’s all Malaysia? boosting prices as a reaction to the about being energy conscious.’ In Malaysia, adopting new technology is growing momentum of renewable always a challenge, even if that technology technology, continue? Here, Mohammad points out the crucial need has been well proven in other countries. It’s I hope the renewable energy momentum to embrace renewable energy alternatives. because of the ‘I don't want to be a guinea will continue and the big oil companies will pig’ syndrome or mentality. soon embrace the change. Fossil fuels have What’s the economic benefit of being a lot to play in the economy as resources for energy efficient? Malaysia doesn’t need to rely on major other industrial use if not for energy. Besides putting money in your pocket, it breakthroughs in technology. It just needs contributes towards energy security and the to implement proven 'old' technologies that What’s the future of fossil fuel environment. are good for the environment. Luckily the industry in Malaysia?
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There is and will still be a great future for It was relatively easy as the installation of (a hydroelectric power generation of under fossil fuels in Malaysia and they will remain my system was professionally guided and 5 kW). In short, renewable energy’s all a key driver for the countries GDP growth. advised by Pusat Tenaga Malaysia (PTM), around us. the Malaysian energy centre. Though What are the top renewable energy failed in the first bid under the PTM Suria How can we make renewable energy sources in Malaysia? 1000 programme, which is a Malaysian accessible to society? Solar, biogas and biomass. government project that subsidised the PV Any available form of renewable energy system, I managed to secure 50 per cent of can be made accessible to society, if they How’s Malaysia producing renewable the required funding of installing 4.75kW have direct access to microfinancing, as a energy solutions? solar energy systems on my house rooftop number of renewable energy conversion They are many Malaysian companies in in 2009. The total cost of installation was technologies are fully developed and are this sector involved with PV, biogas and RM120,000. ready for commercialisation. However, biomass. A database of the players may need there’s still a pressing need for very intense to be developed to assist project developers. On commissioning, I did face a number of promotion on the economics of renewables teething problems with Tenaga Nasional vis-a-vis conventional and polluting sources What can you tell us about renewable Berhad (TNB, electric utility company in of energy. energy in Sarawak? Peninsular Malaysia). Especially in relation In Sarawak, there is huge potential in hydro, to its billing system for renewables and What impact is renewable energy biomass (energy crops) and biogas. general lack of clarity in communication. In really making on the environment? the beginning, I thought it was net-billing Renewable energy is making a big difference Solar power at home but it turned out to be a separate-billing: one, not only to the environment but also helping Another firm believer in renewable energy for the standard TNB billing and another, a to mitigate the extremes of climate change. solutions is Malaysian Professor Dato’ Ir monthly credit note or payment by TNB Dr Abu Bakar Jaafar, director of Universiti directly into my personal bank account for What are the consequences of not Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) Ocean Thermal the power fed into TNB Grid. having such alternatives? Energy Centre (OTEC). Dr Abu Bakar’s The consequences are fatal, as articulated from a university that aims to build an What other renewable energy ways by Garrett Hardin in his 1968 article The OTEC Pioneer Plant off Sabah that now can people explore for their homes? Tragedy of the Commons. As narrated in a focuses on research and development in this Besides solar PV, there’s a prospect of prophetic saying: ‘There were two groups sector. utilising solar-thermal for space-cooling. of people in a lifeboat. Those on the upper With additional installation of solar PV deck had direct access to the surface water, Here, Dr Abu Bakar shares his experience being converted into hydrogen-fuel, one but those on the bottom deck were not of installing his own solar system on the can generate excess power for use anytime given any access to the top, so they started rooftop of his house in Malaysia. and for storage. Depending on location, on digging the bottom of the boat, eventually site power generation could be sourced from causing the boat to sink, drowning them all Was it easy to install your own solar offshore wind, or from nearby running together’. system? streams by pico-hydroelectric scheme
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Life as a Digital Nomad
An American digital entrepreneur living in Thailand speaks to Sehra Yeap about his digital nomad journey and why it’s the way of life of choice for millennials today.
Dan O’Donnell
t may be difficult to imagine if you’re right now and worrying over sales figures as whim or circumstances dictate), do they I looking at this on your laptop screen or ROIs. Except that they might be sitting earn enough to live on? while sitting in your glass-walled office. in a hammock on a sunny beach somewhere Perhaps in a city like Kuala Lumpur, Seattle on a tropical island. Who are they? The short answer is yes. or Berlin, and your thoughts are occupied with the morning’s sales meeting or maybe Benefits of being a digital nomad More and more people are leveraging what to do for dinner this evening after Digital nomads are those who opt out of technology to enable them to work from your usual rush-hour commute home. the 9-to-5 existence, shunning a way of life a laptop anywhere in the world as long their parents chose. Preferring the term as there’s a reasonably good internet However, there’s a parallel universe in ‘location-independent workers’ (even if the connection. The exponential increase of which a growing number of people might term ‘nomad’ is apposite, moving as they do online work opportunities in the last decade be doing the same thing as you – at work to different cities every few months or years and a half has facilitated the growth of this
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industry. It’s to the point where, if you’re Then he asked himself what else would he willing to forgo some of the certainties like? ‘Well, I’m reading this Zig Ziglar book that a traditional 9-to-5 can offer, it offers while on vacation. No one’s making me read Popular Asian cities for you unlimited possibilities to be your own this and I guess I like personal development. digital nomads boss, travel the world and yes, call a beach So, I thought about starting a website and Bangkok, Phuket, Chiang Mai, Ho Chi hammock your office, if you like. a social network for people who were Minh City, Bali and, for its proximity to Singapore, Johor Bahru, are popular. interested in personal development.’ What most of these places usually have The long answer contains caveats: being a in common are their relatively low cost digital nomad does require the same kind of An entrepreneurial journey of living, laid-back atmosphere, lively professional skills, technological savvy and When Dan started the Positive Atmosphere communities of like-minded people to discipline as any full-time career. However, website, he had no tech background. ‘But exchange ideas with, good weather and unlike a traditional job, being a digital tech know-how is not a prerequisite – food as well as, perhaps most important nomad also means there’s always the risk of whenever you come to a point where you’re of all, good infrastructure such as having to get on a flight back to your home stuck, you ask people, you figure things out coworking spaces with high-speed country, broke. on your own,’ he says. ‘And there really is no internet. quicker teacher than necessity.’ He learned Meet a digital nomad and back in 2008, he – along with probably That, according to Dan O’Donnell, would’ve most of the rest of the world – didn’t even been the worst-case scenario. An American, know what a Facebook page was. He taught Dan currently lives in Thailand and runs a himself how to generate revenue. website called Positive Atmosphere and a self-development themed Facebook page His online entrepreneurship hasn’t stopped called Positive Thinking. Currently, it has there. Dan has created a popular board game almost 1.5 million followers. called Better Me. It’s also based on self- development where players are rewarded Details to consider ‘I came over to Thailand three years ago for committing to real-world actions to Most digital nomads, depending on with USD15,000 in the bank. That was improve their lives and those of the people their country of origin, get renewable probably two years’ living expenses for me around them. 3-month tourist visas on arrival. Also, because their work’s done online, such in Thailand. If I failed, I’d have just gone work largely remains an unregulated back to Bellingham and go back to selling Creating and marketing of his board game area, at least for the time being. real estate,’ he says. ‘It’s not the end of the has been yet another learning curve for world. It might be embarrassing, that fear of him – from getting his idea partially funded Despite catch-all clauses that seem looking like an idiot, fear of failure and all on Kickstarter to meeting manufacturers specific, such as ‘no working in any that, but realistically, it was a bigger risk to in Shenzen to selling the finished product country on a tourist visa’, digital nomads not go after what I really wanted than it was on Amazon and marketing it to Facebook say the argument hinges on whether to sit around and hope “someday’’. groups, Dan’s story is the perfect example online work specifically constitutes work of what can be achieved if you just put your done ‘in’ any physical or geographical Dan was in real estate and also ran his own mind to it. space. The labour laws of most countries flea market in Bellingham but he wasn’t have simply not yet caught up to the complexities of regulating digital really loving it. ‘Some of the people I was These days, Dan runs his own Chiang Mai nomadic work, so the prevailing attitude working with who had been doing it for 30 Digital Nomads group. It provides support seems to be a benign tolerance of the years or so were so stressed out and some and advice to anyone who is new to this presence of this segment of tourists. had been through maybe several marriages,’ concept. He also gives talks to help people he says. He didn’t want that for himself. get started on their own digital nomad Digital nomads are generally welcomed It was on a flight to Dubai, that he asked journeys. ‘Just start. Don’t overthink it. You in most countries, as authorities realise himself, ‘What am I doing right now? I’m can’t wait till all the lights are green before that this segment of visitors is usually sitting on a plane, going to Dubai for no you leave the house,’ he advises. fairly well-educated and skilled people reason. I didn’t have a business meeting who can, and do, spend money within the there, I just wanted to check it out, to travel.’ local economy.
39 TECH A ofMatter TheThe potentialpotential ofof applyingapplying Trust blockchainblockchain technologytechnology intointo thethe onlineonline crowdfundingcrowdfunding spacespace isis enormousenormous andand itit fitsfits crowdfunding’scrowdfunding’s principleprinciple ofof transparencytransparency onon thethe useuse ofof funds.funds. Here,Here, SuSu AzizAziz queriesqueries thethe ATAATA PlusPlus teamteam onon benefitsbenefits ofof equityequity crowdfundingcrowdfunding andand blockchain.blockchain.
et’s take the bull by its horns and get crowdfunding platforms and enforce the law well as an efficient investment vehicle managed L to the bottom of this current thing whenever it’s necessary. and maintained by its own stakeholders. perceived as digital ledger. Despite the many, many things written on blockchain, many still Know that there are four different types of Tokenisation and tracking of funds only have a vague understanding of it. crowdfunding: debt, reward, donation and Crowdfunding can be a huge exercise, equity based crowdfunding. Implementing harnessing thousands of supporters with So, the team at ATA Plus, an online equity some of the use cases shown below, where millions worth of funding target. Managing crowdfunding platform operating out of investors place trust in the project owner to this can be daunting for project owners who’s Kuala Lumpur, put it simply, ‘Essentially, a fulfil the promises of the campaign, makes accountable for achieving specific milestones. blockchain is a new way of arranging data blockchain a powerful tool that replaces the Blockchain allows funds to be tokenised (a making it secure. Which means it’s nearly intermediary between these two parties. digital asset backed by fiat currency) and track impossible to change the data without the usage of the funds disbursed. Tokenisation approval of everyone in the network and it’s ATA Plus team explain a few of the possible can also be used to incentivise the crowd by transparent too. So, everyone in the network use cases for blockchain are geared towards assigning additional values to it such as rebates, gets to see what’s being changed to the digital equity crowdfunding applications: discounts, or coupons. ledger – it’s much like an online game, where everyone’s scores are visible to the game’s Trustees and escrow Those use cases can help take some community.’ Blockchain can remove the need for trustees responsibility away from the regulators a plus to withhold the funds during the fundraising for regulators. Which in turn will increase These two aspects of security and transparency, campaign. Cryptocurrency based pledges efficiency and reduce cost. A majority of combined, results in trust and with an (or valuable tokens) can be designed to be SMEs in Asia, in particular, Malaysia, are underlying technology, that empowers every disbursed ‘automatically’ to project owners entities which can be considered micro actor in the system to decide the future of with the clever use of smart contracts and organisations. Many find fundraising a costly how it’ll grow and due to this, the potential multi-signatory escrow. and time-consuming endeavour. Blockchain applications of blockchain in the crowdfunding can reduce much of the costs and friction industry are huge. Decentralised autonomous organisation currently experienced in crowdfunding efforts Rather than project owners initiating the by eliminating many of the intermediaries Explaining blockchain technology in fundraising exercise, a group of investors involved. crowdfunding can pool funds and collectively decide which Right now, especially in equity crowdfunding, investments or project to undertake. Smart Blockchain technology can significantly reduce that responsibility of protecting businesses and contracts and voting system can be built the period required for fundraising by allowing investors is taken by the regulators. Regulators through a blockchain based infrastructure all parties a common view of all data, it can create the rules, assign licenses, monitor the ensuring transparency in decision-making as verify identity which could allow for other
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non-private limited organisations to fundraise according to the ATA Plus team, businesses and it can boost the appeal of crowdfunding who want to raise funds via the platform can with retail investors by tokenisation of shares enjoy the following benefits: Crowdfunding Benefits which can be easily traded on a secondary for Startups market. High returns of successful investments Investing through crowdfunding is a high Blockchain technology can make risk and high return game. Investors have the crowdfunding simpler. It facilitates digitisation opportunity to invest in young and thriving of many of the processes involved in startups and growth stage companies which crowdfunding, thus removing friction and could potentially be the next Uber or Facebook. intermediation allowing for ‘true’ peer-to-peer transactions as well as driving greater inclusion Invest in brands According to ATA Plus team, generally, from both issuers (peers) that lowers cost for For many investors, equity crowdfunding isn’t crowdfunding is a great alternative smaller fundraisers and investors. This allows just about investing to make a profit; it’s also fundraising method for startups. However, smaller investment amounts to be made. about getting involved with a brand you’re crowdfunding has to fit within the company’s strategies and goals and shouldn’t be looked passionate about. Investments can be more upon as just a last effort to raise funds when Now, apply all that information and technology than just making a profit, it’s about owning a all else fails. In addition to the benefits to achieve funding goals while still using a part of a business they believe in. already mentioned, crowdfunding can help peer-to-peer network. Imagine its benefits for startups achieve: the receiver and giver of the fund. Low barrier to entry 1 Quick access to funds With crowdfunding, investing is no more Traditional source of funds such as Benefits for the one receiving the fund an exclusive right held by licensed investors, banks and venture capitalists tend The ATA Plus Team explain that businesses brokers or institutions having privy to to take a long time to assess the that want to raise funds via equity innovative and exciting businesses. Open to companies they’re investing in and in the startup world, sometimes, timing is crowdfunding platform benefit as below: public, well-curated businesses are accessible everything. to anyone with the fund, leveraging on the Market validation power and wisdom of the crowd to evaluate 2 Creates ‘super fans’ or brand evangelists Businesses can pick on the market’s curiosity or and assess the business listed. When existing fans or customers test out new products and services by launching invest in a company, they’ve a stake it in conjunction with the fundraising exercise. Last words in the company and would want it to ATA Plus team notice that people tend to succeed. This makes them prefer the products they’ve invested in over the Business and brand visibility invest with their emotion – people tend to like competitor’s and encourage others in Crowdfunding exercise would typically garner companies that have a social element to their their network to use it. the attention of the wide public. Businesses can business also known as ‘social enterprises’. A tap in an extensive range of audience, potential glaring example of this is Skolafund which is 3 Money attracts money Running a successful crowdfunding customers as well as brand evangelists that’ll a social enterprise that has a digital platform campaign can kickstart other sources of help escalate brand visibility during the designed to crowdsource alternative sources financing in the same way that raising fundraising campaign. of funding for tertiary education scholarships. money from traditional offline investors It’s a new concept but they were the first makes it easier to raise more funding. Access to wider pool of investors social enterprise to successfully crowdfund in Through online crowdfunding, businesses Malaysia. yield the centre stage and simultaneously able ABOUT ATA PLUS to engage with a pool of individual as well Looking at the whole crowdfunding market in ATA Plus started in June 2015 and is a as organisational investors, which is more general rather than just the Malaysian market, blockchain enhanced equity crowdfunding effective. ATA Plus observe how the top 10 crowdfunded platform that allocates the process of businesses, in US dollars, are all technology matching investors with Malaysia’s exciting Efficient management of investors companies. They believe as the industry grows businesses in return for shares in the company. Based in Kuala Lumpur, it was Crowdfunding platform allows for business and equity crowdfunding gets recognised more formed according to the Malaysian laws owners to engage and manage large numbers as an alternative investment tool – rather than and regulations. They assist companies to of investors. just a mode to get your hands on that new raise funds and investments are made into exciting piece of technology – more companies companies rather than products. Benefits for the one dispersing the fund with great business models will succeed in From the equity crowdfunding point of view, raising funds through crowdfunding.
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Three artificial intelligence experts discussed Artificiallytheir creations and, among other things, legal identity for intelligent robots, if AI can render humans obsolete and its shortcomings Yours at WIEF’s 7th Global Discourse 2017 in Kuala Lumpur. Samar Al-Montser reports.
nlike Professor Nadia Thalmann of Nanyang Technological University in and subtle and more aware of everything. USingapore who built Nadine – a robot in her likeness – Professor Zyed Zalila Robots using AI are tools to help us but of Intellitech in France believed AI will lead to the disappearance of a large number it’ll not make us obsolete at least for of skilled occupations. However, Nadia disagreed. ‘I don’t think so at all. AI with deep decades, if at all,’ she said. learning methods works very differently as how we think ourselves. We’re more adaptive Nadia’s 25-year interest in social robots had birthed Nadine through whom she continued her interest to ‘model humans and understand their behaviour and show a result on virtual humans or social robots [such as Nadine].’
Zyed on the other hand said, ‘AI will undoubtedly lead to the disappearance of a large number of skilled or even highly skilled occupations based on expertise. In 2015, the big international banks quickly realised that the new generation of customers required a premium online banking services at a low price but with maximum availability. That’s why they’re implementing their digital transformation at high velocity. Job losses happened because AI is starting to be sensible.’
This will, he predicted, happen in other industries as well. ‘I imagine future medical practitioners will no longer be selected on their mere ability to learn knowledge by heart. Instead, they’ll become engineers capable of using AI systems specialised in medical diagnosis but have a high level of empathy or emotional intelligence to Professor Nadia Magnenat Thalmann and her robot Nadine detect the emotions of their patients.’
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Similarly for the world of finance and public and domestic environments and can insurance, predicted Zyed, ‘where the human be used to make such environments more advisor, actuary and trader may be replaced liveable and more human-friendly,’ Nijholt by intelligent robots that are more efficient added. and available 24/7 on smartphones’ and vehicles driven autonomously, ‘won’t want to ‘But,’ he reminded, ‘we should be interested in buy a vehicle. Instead, they’ll lease the services it because AI-guided social robots may know of a virtual driver. Also, the legal sector may about our preferences but we should be have a virtual judge robot that downgrades aware how they use our preferences in order the noble profession of lawyers by predicting to make decisions. We need to be aware legal decisions.’ of how AI technology embedded in our smart environments and our devices makes Zyed continued, ‘But can we accept a ‘virtual decisions for us or persuades us to make investigator’ who’ll anticipate a person certain decisions. Do we really agree with the preparing a crime or an offense and can decisions that are made for us? People need to stop it before it happens? The foundation be aware of shortcomings of AI and possible, of justice, at least the French one, will be future dangers when there is no attention for completely disrupted! Another danger would “controlling” AI.’ be the malicious misappropriation of AI. Do we want our future employer or insurer Legal Identity to Intelligent Robots to know about the future diseases we may Zyed created xtractis® because it appeared develop through analysis of our genome necessary to propose an AI capable of doing and living environment? Can we accept the same work as a human scientist. ‘Who that parents decide a voluntary abortion just sets up equations to model a process based because a robot predicted their child will on a set of observations and an inductive develop several cancers by age 40?’ Can we? reasoning that he leads through cognitive That’s the question. abilities,’ he explained. Due to that, Zyed proposed the combination of the theory of Using human preferences to make fuzzy relations of order N with proprietary decisions algorithms of machine learning which Incredulity aside, AI does have its allowed the creation of the intelligent robot shortcomings. According to Professor Anton xtractis®. Nijholt of University of Twente in Holland, Google, Facebook, Twitter and other social ‘It does the same job as a scientist, except media will use our data and knowledge about that it’s absolutely not limited by the number our interests and our interaction behaviour to of simultaneous variables that it’s capable tell us, using AI technology, who we are and of analysing and exploring. It’s also able to what are our interests. ‘We may not always estimate the robustness of new knowledge it agree with it. We may want to tell the AI discovers,’ he elaborated. So, for Zyed, giving that interacts with us that our assessment of a legal identity to an intelligent robot will a situation allows ambiguity, that there’s not have their performance evaluated objectively always a rational decision and that we don’t by the regulator. Hence, its performance will always agree with decisions that are made for be officially recognised in the same way as us using AI research and technology,’ he said. a human’s diploma or expertise. ‘This will allow them to be co-authors of publications We’ll always need AI. ‘It’s part of science and that present their findings,’ he said. technology and there’s interest in AI research because its results can be employed in existing Professor Dr Anton Nijholt, computer scientist Another scary point would be the or new applications that increase efficiency in at University of Twente, Netherlands development of autonomous robots that’ll professional environments, add to safety in be granted permission to kill such as robot
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studied,’ he explained. ‘By 2018, we’re planning an important extension that’ll enable xtractis® to take advantage of unstructured data such as free text or speech. Thus, allowing it to evaluate the robustness and veracity of the text it analyses. And I hope that during my lifetime, xtractis® will be the first intelligent robot to win a Nobel Prize for all its discoveries and all the economic, societal, scientific and technological advances it has brought to humanity.’
When it came to AI’s human-level intelligence, Anton believed that artificial general intelligence required more than simulating human-like behaviour and human-level intelligence in very restricted domains. ‘In recent years there have been lots of discussions, usually not initiated by more down-to-earth AI researchers, about AI that passes human-level Professor Zyed Zalila, president, CEO and founder of Intellitech, France intelligence and that becomes a threat to humanity. This is because these super soldiers, smart drones and smart tanks, in For Zyed, he planned to extend the intelligent systems will pursue their own order to avoid endangering human soldiers. cognitive abilities of xtractis®. ‘Today, it goals and these goals are not necessarily Who’ll be responsible for military errors on can be considered as a universal solver of compatible with human survival. This the battlefield, then? predictive modelling of complex processes has led to discussions how AI can be and phenomena problems. But it can only controlled and how we can take care that If a company exploits the intelligence of deal with qualitative and quantitative future AI remains human-friendly,’ he its robots to create value and money, why structured data on the process to be said. In other words, wait and see. shouldn’t they pay social charges and taxes on these robots? If an intelligent robot is the inventor of a major discovery, who’ll be the author: the robot itself, its designer or its operator? ‘Many of these questions raised WATCH IT! remain unanswered. This is because if we Scan the QR code to watch 7th WIEF Global Discourse: Artificial regulate too much, we’ll eventually kill the Intelligence and the Future innovation and the development of AI and if not regulated, the population can be duped by having a blind confidence in a technology ABOUT WIEF GLOBAL DISCOURSE that’s not mature and, therefore, unreliable,’ The Discourse comes under WIEF Education Trust (WET) and focuses on the shift in the he said. global economy’s centre of gravity from where it used to be for many years – moving eastwards from its western hemisphere. The panellists invited to the Discourse discuss, Future of AI among others, the significant rise in the global islamic finance and halal business, the rise ‘As such, not really a future except that AI of many Muslim nations and communities to form part of the new emerging market and methods will be more and more used and some 900 million new middle class consumers in the world. more efficient all the time. There’ll be hardly a new method developed without using the Details: wief.org/wief-education-trust/ AI algorithms and deep learning,’ Nadia said.
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The Little Newsletter That Could
Turning a magazine around and making it a go-to source of information takes a bold attitude with a heavy dose of fervour which Pim Kemasingki has in spades. Sehra Yeap chats with her in Chiang Mai to unfold her uncommon entrepreneurial tale.
im Kemasingki grew up Pin a life of relative comfort and privilege, like many girls born into the upper strata of Thai society. Her English father, John Shaw MBE, was the British Honorary Consul to Chiang Mai. Her mother Pat Kemasingki was the daughter of a high-ranking Thai army officer who, before allowing the Englishman to marry his daughter, had sent his staff to Oxford to investigate whether the young man’s claim of having received his master’s degree in Modern History from Magdalen College was, indeed, true. (It was.)
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Pim, their only child, was born in the I had arranged to meet Pim for a coffee Mai’s new ring road, taxis and tuk-tuks early 1970s, a luk kreung or ‘half-child’, the in a pleasant, tree-shaded café in the (motorised rickshaws) in the inner city. Thai term for a child of mixed parentage. trendy Nimmanhaemin quarter of Chiang She spent her childhood years variously Mai. What was Chiang Mai, and the The lack of a ‘credible public transport in Thailand, Indonesia and Hong Kong, newsletter, like back in the early 1990s? system’ and the great numbers of private went to high school in Switzerland and I ask. ‘It was all very charming and the vehicles in the inner city which were thereafter attended Aberdeen University newsletter carried social notices such as becoming ‘an increasing problem.’ in Scotland, where she graduated with a “Mr & Mrs so-and-so are setting off on (Unfortunately, Pim says, this is a master’s degree in English literature. their European tour this summer”,’ she problem that Chiang Mai ‘still struggles replies. with’, 20 years on.) The Chiang Mai of the At birth, she was named Pim Shaw, but early 1990s was still, wrote John Shaw, ‘a in 1998, when she took over as managing Originally published on sheets of paper delightfully slow and rustic community’. editor of Trisila Company Limited, the stapled together, The Free Chiang Mai publishing company founded by her Newsletter was printed in monochrome Now, however, the words ‘slow’ and father, she decided to use her mother’s – single colours were rotated month on ‘rustic’ don’t apply any longer to this city Thai maiden name, Pim. month. Its simple format perhaps befitting of about one million, with its shiny new its early role as a community bulletin in mega malls, hotels and condominiums. ‘I knew that I was going to be writing what was once not much more than a And it seems that the newsletter has about Thailand and that it wouldn’t provincial town in agrarian northern grown apace with the city’s own rapid always be complimentary. I figured, Thailand. development in the last two decades. correctly as it turns out, that I could get away with saying a lot more about this Despite its long and storied history, What it evolved into country as a Thai,’ she says. Like her Chiang Mai, not far from Thailand’s In 2002, 10 years after its founding, The father before her, Pim doesn’t shy away northern border with Laos and Myanmar, Free Chiang Mai Newsletter was renamed from commenting on issues in a country must have once had the air of a sleepy Citylife. The magazine, now a glossy, full- where sensitivities of rank, social status colonial outpost, even if it never was one. colour monthly periodical, still features or political affiliation can sometimes The part of Chiang Mai called the ‘old city’ articles of social and community interests, outweigh other considerations. is still enclosed by 19th century fortress happenings in and around Chiang Mai and walls and a 700-year old moat that was notices of events. But it’s Pim’s editorial – How it started once said to be inhabited by crocodiles. trenchant and often unflinchingly candid Citylife magazine, the company’s flagship – that has become the barometer of l’air English-language publication, was However, the Chiang Mai of 2017 is a du temps of the city, addressing current founded in March 1992 as The Free Chiang groovy kind of place and teems with issues concerning Chiang Mai and its Mai Newsletter and Advertiser. It was artisanal coffee shops that are populated inhabitants, both local and foreign, as well published by Pim’s father John, together with a hip mix of tourists, fashionable as the country at large. with two other British expatriates, John younger Thais and digital nomads. These Hobday and John Cadet. The newsletter days it’s the Americans, Australians, She doesn’t shy away from addressing was intended to inform expatriates about Europeans and people from elsewhere potentially sensitive topics in a country local events and news, as well as a medium in Asia who come to Chiang Mai, giving where freedoms of press and expression for businesses in Chiang Mai to advertise the place a distinctly international are still seen as being tightly controlled to the English-speaking community. atmosphere. by the ruling junta. For example, she has lampooned edicts from the Thai The main aim of the Newsletter, its Even back in the early 1990s, the founding Ministry of Culture, which according to founding editors wrote, was ‘to provide editors of the Chiang Mai Newsletter had her, pushes ‘its mind-bogglingly idiotic the medium through which Chiang Mai already begun addressing issues that attempt to create a master plan for safe can communicate with itself,’ and – before concerned the city and its community. In and constructive media, which translates the era of the internet – it was envisaged 1993 the Newsletter carried an open letter to censoring the internet in favour of local that it would be ‘a long-term contribution to the new Chiang Mai Governor. In it, – and easily controlled – media’. to, and communication with, the the editors expressed their misgivings, multicultural life of the city.’ among other things, about Chiang
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In another editorial, in 2014, she confronts an uncomfortable, if little-acknowledged, reality in Thailand, where its tourism industry plays a major contributing role to the country’s gross domestic product (GDP): the ostensible xenophobia of her countrymen. ‘It is, apparently, a privilege to be allowed to step foot into the Kingdom,’ Pim writes of the attitudes of many Thais towards foreigners.
Behind Pim’s pointed admonishments, however, there’s a sense of genuine affection for her city and her people, of a real endeavour to encourage progress in both, using her privilege, as a luk kreung, of having two vantage-points of perspective – even if it means stepping on proverbial toes. It takes rare courage.
Pim also highlights the failings of local authorities to address environmental issues. One of these is Chiang Mai’s yearly smog The magazine now (left) and then (right) problem. The high pollution levels in the city caused by farmers in the surrounding areas burning the forests to clear land for (‘I gave myself a promotion!’ she gleefully source for news among this city’s English- planting – as they had done for generations informed me), Pim continues her father’s speaking community. – was hitherto an unaddressed problem. legacy of championing causes for the greater good of the city – even if it’s sometimes to With grace, humour and not a slight touch The smog had become a problem for the bemusement of the authorities. When of steely resolve, Pim cuts through the often- Chiang Mai city after its rapid expansion a 2012 issue of the magazine was rumoured vexatious bureaucracy of Thai officialdom to in the last 20 years, and someone needed to to have been critical about Chiang Mai’s hold the city’s appointed officials accountable bring it up. But it was only after an article Tourist Police, it provoked a visit by the to the community they serve. The magazine about the smog, in a 2004 issue of Citylife, police to the Citylife offices. has grown to become northern Thailand’s that a dialogue could begin about it. ‘You’ve most widely-read English-language news sent a chill down my spine. Everyone talks There, a defiant Pim handed out the copies and information source, both in print and about Chiang Mai being a hub for this and a of the magazine to the police officers, online. Its popular website has visitors that hub for that, but it looks as if we can’t even challenging them to read the article and number in the millions. sort out the problem of our most common come back if they actually found anything denominator – air,’ the then-deputy libellous. The police didn’t return. ‘The fact Technology, too, has played a part in the governor of Chiang Mai said of the article. was, they didn’t read English. They had only continuing success of the company. Under heard that I was mean about them,’ Pim Pim’s direction, the company has also Thus, in the space of a dozen years or so, the comments dryly. expanded into graphic design, social media little newsletter for the English-speaking marketing and branding for businesses community of Chiang Mai had grown into Perhaps it’s this tenacity in the face of in Chiang Mai as well as other cities in a voice of social conscience, it seemed, for Thailand’s sometimes heavy-handed Thailand’s north. The company employs the city. authoritarianism that is the reason why, over 20 staff and has hundreds of Thai and almost two decades after taking over the international clients. Thanks to one very The force behind the magazine helm of the company her father founded, determined woman, the little newsletter As the present editor-in-chief of Citylife Pim and her team at Citylife is still the go-to that could has come a long way indeed.
48 ARTS Liberating YumnaSnaps Al-Arashi, a young photographer challenges global perceptions of Muslim women through her work while cannily ratifying their moments of emancipation from culture and belief through social media. Su Aziz writes.
Photograph of Northern Yemen by Yumna Al-Arashi
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Photographs by Yumna Al-Arashi
n Instagram, 28-year-old Yumna on stereotypical perceptions of women. us of its elusive beauty, landscapes of OAl-Arashi in photographs Yes, particularly, Arab women. contrasting textures and colours. projects a bold, restless and multi-faceted Straddling two contrasting worlds of personality. Her photographs, however, where she is culturally linked to and where She’s good at contrasts. In fact, her work project a quiet strength, sophistication and she was brought up – and considering thrives on it. In May 2017, Yumna held thoughtfulness. Nonetheless, she’s kept today’s state of the world – Yumna finds her first solo photography exhibition true to her generation through curiosity, it a challenge to find a balance between in New York. Titled Shedding Skin, the wanderlust and a keen awareness of social both worlds. ‘I think that’s why my art’s series featured never seen before scenes issues. so important to me because I believe a lot – Arab women during their bath in a of first generation women experience so hammam in Beirut. A first generation American, Yumna’s a many of the similar things I express in my product of a Yemeni and Egyptian parents work,’ she adds. Process that fact for a minute. who grew up in Washington D.C. and is currently residing in London. ‘Although Although she features many of her Now, let go of any preconceived I’m American, I believe London has a photographs that reflect her feminist stereotypes you might have of women fruitful environment for the art world – viewpoints on her social media pages, her from the Middle East and of the Muslim for women making art surrounding the series shot in Northern Yemen utterly faith. Embrace the fact that they are subject matter I cover,’ she explains. This captivates. In the time of when so much quintessentially female who are adapting mingling of contrasting cultures is evident unrest is taking place in that country, centuries-old culture as well as beliefs to in her work and her opinions, especially Yumna’s photographs capture and remind the modern era in which they live, the
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that my art has the power to help others around my artwork. It’s my bread and see change and feel more passion towards butter. It’s my voice, it’s everything,’ she making [that change],’ she says. admits and through online platforms such However, Yumna believes our work when as Instagram and Facebook, she’s able to it comes to the eradication of gender reach to a larger audience. inequality, is far from over. ‘I believe our work has only just begun. Feminism has In real life though, Yumna has been found its way forward into many public something of a nomad. ‘I love to travel and and private sectors of our lives but has to experience new worlds. I love meeting also made regression in many ways due to and working with Muslim women from political climates,’ she adds. all backgrounds and I’m so interested in the world in which Malaysia holds for In many ways, Yumna’s photographs many of them,’ she says, concluding our have defined her. ‘My entire life revolves interview.
Mingling of contrasting cultures is evident in her work and her best way they can and within the limits opinions, especially their society allows. on stereotypical Yumna firmly believes Muslim women perceptions of living and reflecting modernity and post- women. feminism are still conflicted due to a patriarchal society, religious and cultural beliefs. ‘A hundred per cent! No matter what world we live in, our bodies and identities aren’t our own. Our voices are barely heard in the discussions about Muslim culture for women. That’s the biggest problem,’ she says. She hopes she Yumna Al-Arashi with her tool advocates change through her art.
Art, Yumna agrees has been a big influence in directing society toward gender MORE ON YUMNA AL-ARASHI Shedding Skin and her other photography series can be viewed on her website. equality. ‘Absolutely,’ she affirms and is a big advocate of feminism through her art. www.yumnaaa.com ‘I believe so strongly in my feminism and
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Stimulations of diversity
Faced with the daunting effects of the world’s inevitable disruptive changes, four young leaders take on the challenge of initiating a diversity movement fuelled by their own passions. Nashra Sudario reports.
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mid all the strife happening all stronger ties among their nations as they A around the world, a group of young promote unity across nations. The fellows fellows decide to take an active stance, are now up for something exciting – working projecting a better future in the lenses of on some satellite projects and building a their own personal causes and communities. purpose-driven online community that Inspired by a desire to mould a group of encourages diversity. socially responsible young leaders from all over the globe, World Islamic Economic Check out what four of them have to say Forum’s (WIEF) Young Fellows 2017 (YF about the role of diversity in promoting 2017) brought together a diverse group of unity in their own communities. Abbas Mohamed young minds and souls all dedicated to leave Co-founder, Director, Gathering All positive footprints in their chosen fields and The participants Muslim Artists (GAMA), United States home communities. 25 years old learnt how to organise Kenyan, Lives in California This year, the week-long leadership an event from scratch empowerment programme, sought and this included how How did YF 2017 affect you? to unlock the potential of culture and The three themes of integrity, diversity, and heritage in Melaka, a historical state in the to publicise the event, dedication were woven like golden threads southern region of Peninsula Malaysia. The work with each other and through the Young Fellows experience. An programme created a community of leaders manage a budget for it. important insight this programme taught that are now on their way towards building me was: play to your strengths, not your weaknesses.
What are the impacts of diversity? Diversity enables the world to overcome shortcomings and weaknesses by connecting one another's strengths and complementing each other.
How did YF 2017's cultural diversity change your mindset? The programme changed me in an individualistic and collective way. I’m now mindful about what I eat and raise funds for my organisation.
How can diversity make this world a better place? I may have been too US-centric, but now I understand the value and potential of having a network of supporters, collaborators, funders from all across the world, a network which WIEF has awarded me with.
And for you? The programme blessed me with a much wider perspective of the world – the multitude of entrepreneurial ecosystems and the subtle underlying connectedness of it all.
Coach Richard Dacalos introducing the board game Upstart at YF 2017
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Issaq Ahmed Nur Farhah Ya’kob Nashra Sudario Academic/recreational facilitator, Former Market Analyst, Associate Brand Strategist, Foundation for Student Success, Canada Frost & Sullivan, Malaysia Y&R, Philippines 26 years old 26 years old 23 years old Ethiopian, Lives in Toronto Malaysian, Lives in Kuala Lumpur Filipino, Lives in Manila
How did YF 2017 affect you? How did YF 2017 affect you? How did YF 2017 affect you? I’ve learned the power of teamwork, the The ambience at the Young Fellows was as Being with people from different countries utilisation of individual strength and the such that it felt like a sanctuary cultivating who are all eager to learn about one another's astonishment of creating bonds with new ideas and skills, a safe space to make culture, passionate about what they do that strangers. mistakes and an environment that exudes benefit communities ignited my desire to positivity. change the world. What are the impacts of diversity? Diversity can be used to unite individuals What are the impacts of diversity? What are the impacts of diversity? to produce incredible works. Diversity Diversity drives development and when People from different groups and regions, should never be used to promote hatred or we accept, appreciate and utilise diversity, from a unique system of belief and cultural negativity. that’s when we move progressively and principles, exude a sense of collectivism – productively forward. creating a stimulus of defending one's own. How did YF 2017's cultural diversity If not careful, diversity can disintegrate change your mindset? How did YF 2017's cultural diversity nations. The diversity of the group of Young Fellows change your mindset? allowed me to develop the leadership skills The unfaltering teamwork among us and How did YF 2017's cultural diversity required to succeed in today’s society with a our different backgrounds transformed my change your mindset? morally-favoured foundation. doubts and fears into trust and excitement The Young Fellows made me realise that I about being part of a diverse group. can make things better in a world that makes How can diversity make this world a doing good seem inexpedient. better place? How can diversity make this world a Attending public schools from a young age better place? How can diversity make this world a allowed me to build bonds with individuals Being different or having differences better place? from various backgrounds, providing me in opinion should not be disdained. By building a culture that gives high respect with experience in understanding others Disagreements should raise pro-activity in for creative products and services, we’re from different cultures. exploring diversities. a step closer towards growth and peace. The world’s changing and countries are And for you? And for you? becoming more diverse than ever and its Diversity will allow me to utilise diversity I’m currently working to achieve diversity effects depend on whether we use diversity and proceed with the goals I’ve planned for through nutritional education for children to fuel unity or against humanity. my community. I’ll utilise the privileges I've and young adults because the creation of earned from Canada as my birthplace where food in itself involves varying aspects. It’s And for you? diversity is apparent everywhere you go. born out of differences and has the power to I believe in the power of arts to move people spark joyful conversations on cultures and together. The more people appreciate arts the uniqueness of diversity. and culture, the more they embrace diversity.
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ABOUT WIEF’S YOUNG FELLOWS 2017 While completing tasks given, they explored Melaka, Held in the historical city of Melaka, WIEF’s Young Fellows admired its eclectic architecture that housed history of the More details on the 2017 programme revolved around the theme of ‘Unlocking Dutch, English and Bugis settlements, formed bonds with programme: wyn.wief.org/ the Business of Heritage and Culture’ and it was from 30 each other and withstood the legendary heat of Melaka that programmes/young-fellows April to 6 May 2017. It was a leadership empowerment gave it its red earth as well as bouts of vividly coloured programme where handpicked 24 young leaders from 14 bougainvillaea. countries came together to expand their network, explore business potential in culture and heritage as well as absorb diversity.
Not only did the participants learn more about the potential of this sector but they learnt how to organise an event from scratch and this included how to publicise the event, work with each other and manage a budget for it.
During the week-long programme, the participants were divided into groups that had a specific function that played a vital role in the success of their event. They worked as a team to accomplish given tasks, worked under pressure due to the limited time given while practising their redefined understanding of integrity. Often, one stepped in to assist another team member, covered their back or took the lead when necessary. Young Fellows 2017
55 EDUCATION Shifts in Everybody in a way Educationor another has an interest in education mainly because it plays a major role in one’s life. Its potential is huge, but how should education systems be to trigger student’s full potential? Samar Al-Montser reports.
rominent educators like Brazilian because more and more people are starting Some of the oldest alternatives to modern Peducator, Paulo Freire, believe that creative businesses in education to tackle just education are Summerhill School founded in modern education institutions provide that. 1921 and Agastya International Foundation lifeless bodies of knowledge, cultivating founded in 1999. Other successful examples passive students. Other educationists argue Sir Ken Robinson, a creativity expert and include Elite International Arabic Centre, how current education systems deprive international advisor on education affirms which was recently relocated and renamed students of freedom and resources to be the shortcomings of modern education the Global Modern International School creative. Of course, there are exceptions systems and the need to provide alternatives. (GMS) in September 2017.
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work out but more than a decade later it did. Democratic education Summerhill, located on the east coast So, along with some of his father's influential of the United Kingdom, in Leiston, was friends including former chairman of India's founded by Scottish educator A.S. Neill, Atomic Energy Commission, P.K. Iyengar with the aim to teach students life skills and Ramji’s colleague and former principal through living in a democratic community. of Rishi Valley School, they brainstormed Termed as an alternative to a free school, on what India education systems needed and Summerhill is one of the oldest democratic agreed on three things: to move to enquiry schools for children. Its principal since based learning system; to work through 1985 has been Neill's only daughter, Zoё teacher education, and; to focus on ecology. Neill Redhead, who believes the world underestimates the wisdom of children. Then, they were ready to create what they called, the Taj Mahal of creativity, on a 172- She runs a co-educational boarding school acre wasteland they acquired in the rural where freedom and responsibility to learn area of Kuppam. Unfortunately, they ran is left in the hands of the students. With out of money. Instead, they decided to go to teachers, classrooms and timetables, villages with whatever they had. His friends Summerhill is like other schools but the came together to help – one loaned a van, difference is, classes are not compulsory. Summerhill students on a tree another loaned low-cost experiment kits and This way students learn responsibility. their tractor driver became the new science They also learn compassion through instructor. With that, they created their school meetings and develop as people to ‘People seem to be more interested in a first successful Mobile Lab where children find the direction they want to take in life relaxed and perhaps vocational approach in can experience creativity. The Mobile without being pushed in any direction. some areas, though it’s very slow to catch on Lab received phenomenal response from because the pressure to achieve fast results is village children and media. The Karnataka It may seem like a radical establishment, still at the forefront,’ she comments on the Government then requested them to do this but between the 1920's and 40's, people future of education. In the UK at least, she for the rest of the state. such as Bertrand Russell, and Henry Miller says a new interest in students' mental health were already inspired and interested in might help reduce the pressure on students. As media attention grew and the Corporate Neill's ideas and had a new, liberal approach Social Responsibility Bill (CSR) was passed in to life. With over 14 books and studies The Taj Mahal of creativity India, money started coming into the NGO written about Summerhill and its founder, Another ground-breaking school, located sector. Ramji's fundraiser team went out to it still has an almost constant battle with in the Indian town of Kuppam, is Agastya meet people and presented proposals. ‘It's the UK government authorities, one of International Foundation. From a very not easy but every entrepreneur has to live which was made into a movie in 2008. young age, its founder and chairman, Ramji with it,' Ramji explains. ‘With perseverance, Raghavan dreamed of setting up a school in persistence, keep on track and your donors Zoё believes things are changing. 'They’re the foothills of the Himalayans to engage informed of what you're doing, won't make beginning to perhaps perceive the gem and unlock students’ creativity. Before Ramji it easy but [managing finances] isn’t such a here as a model of an alternative style of can embark on his dream, he followed in big road block then.' education,' she says. Summerhill offers his father’s footsteps and became a business the standard UK school-leaving exams executive. Ramji’s dream developed into Another turn of events was when the stock which are needed to enter college. Though a school that centres on experiential and market investor, Rakesh Jhunjhunwala, occasionally a student opts out of the hands-on learning. proposed to develop the campus, evolving exam system, Zoё points out that success Agastya in very interesting ways. Ramji can only be defined by the individual not While studying at the London Business decided to have stationary science centres what a teacher or parent perceives. She’s School in the UK, unintended events got bringing teachers and students to learn as proud of her students who take no him to rethink his career. In 1978, Ramji left together and Mobile Labs as well as Agastya’s exams as she is of those taking many and England to start a social initiative somewhere new innovative motorbike science labs Summerhill offers both groups the same in rural India to, according to him, free called TechLaBikes carrying lab experiments support. India’s education system. Initially, that didn't to more remote areas.
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From then on, Agastya turned into a Re-formations five children. They left by boat on a 33-hour resource centre or public laboratory for Born and raised in Yemen, Shaima Salem journey from Al-Makha'a port in Yemen school children from thousands of schools Abdulrazzaq Abdullah began her career to Berbera in Somalia. They managed to from all over India. Ramji also launched in education in 2000, with a passion for reach Jordan and eventually made their Operation Vasantha, a low cost and high providing a better schooling experience way to their final destination, Malaysia. impact night village school where children for her five children. She opened her first ‘In education nothing’s easy,’ says the now go out to villages to teach other children. kindergarten to the public in the city of 40-year-old Shaima. Aden in 2000 called Kids Stop, where her For the third focus, Ramji spoke with an own children attended. A few years later, After her arrival in Malaysia, she settled ecologist to restore the life of the land. After she expanded her schools into primary and in Kuala Lumpur among a large Yemeni much work clearing the waste, they revived secondary levels. community who had also fled the war. They many rare species and plants with medicinal were looking for an affordable and proper properties that were close to extinction. As By 2015 she was running four national education for their children. Admission to a result, people now come from all over the schools called Al-Nukhbah National Schools. the Malaysian education system was not an world to study the remarkable campus. A Then she had to flee the country due to option and private schools cost too much. recent study by the India Institute of Science war and she had to start her career all over ‘Those who plan to return to Yemen want on the eco-regeneration of the Agastya again. ‘If you want to do something, you to register their children in a school so they Foundation campus details Agastya’s revival can do it,’ she says with determination. At don't miss out on their school year,’ she says. efforts of land’s ecosystem. the start, when she was a young principal, parents of her students couldn't believe the ‘Uncertainty floods the Yemeni community All these collaborations with scientists from responsibilities she had taken on. 'Parents living temporarily in Malaysia. Some may India and around the world are crucial to were used to seeing older principals, it was leave without notice,’ she says ruefully Agastya's establishment, especially to its bio- difficult for them to believe and trust my because it’s a problem for her education discovery centre. The challenge now, with capabilities,' she explains. 'But that changed business plan. ‘But I’ve to accommodate almost 1,500 staff, is training to retain the when they saw the school and what it everyone under these circumstances.’ quality and passion for Agastya. provided.’ Experience under her belt, along with a great need for a Yemeni education centre, Unfortunately, that wasn’t her only challenge. convinced several Yemeni businessmen who Agastya has spread over 19 states in India and When the war broke out in Yemen and the had fled Yemen to come up with financing. involves over one million kids a year and 30,000 social and economic situation worsened, teachers. The Agastya International Foundation has become a creative lab crucible that gets she decided to leave with her husband and At the end of 2015, the school was set up people to think creatively through triggering in Shaima’s building shop lot and named certain behavioural shifts which have no doubt the Elite International Arabic Centre. left indelible contributions to Indian society. It offers a few educational options – the Agastya’s five behavioural shifts Yemeni national syllabus for those planning to return to Yemen, English and Arabic 1 From yes to why. subjects and preparations for the University 2 From looking to learning to of Cambridge International Examinations observe. (IGCSE) that help students enter universities 3 From textbook bound to hands-on. in Malaysia and abroad. In just under two 4 From being passive to learning years, Shaima succeeds in providing a fun to explore. learning experience to 199 permanent and 5 From fear to confidence. temporary residents in Malaysia including locals and international students. ‘There are still many challenges,’ she admits. ‘But Scan for the video planning for a full-fledged school building interview with Ramji with permanent teachers is my current Raghavan on the Agastya priority. This experience has taught me to be International Foundation: patient and make quick decisions at crucial Student at Summerhill moments,’ she concludes.
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See, eat, do Kuching
As the location of the 13th World Islamic Economic Forum, the world’s spotlight is on Kuching. The state named ‘cat’ in Malay owes its complexities to its thousands of years of indigenous heritage, culture and ethnic groups that later married with colonial influence in the 19th century. Su Aziz writes.
he largest of Malaysia’s 13 700,000 reside in its capital city, Bahasa Malaysia is their official T states at almost 125,000 Kuching. language. sq km, Sarawak makes up 37.5 per cent of the total land area of The weather in Sarawak Often these days, multi- Malaysia. It’s located on the island adheres to the tropical climate culturalism is a common of Borneo and separated from of between 25 degrees and characteristic of a society. Peninsular Malaysia by the South 33 degrees Celsius with two However, Sarawak truly China Sea. Known as ‘Land of the monsoon seasons in a year embodies its definition. An Hornbills’, the bird’s an important during which heavy rain falls amalgam of religious beliefs cultural symbol for the Dayak around first and last three including those of animist tribes which consist of around months of the year. Despite beliefs, native languages and 11 indigenous groups, mainly the many tribal dialects spoken myriad cultural practices that Iban and Bidayuh. Sarawak’s 27 in Sarawak, English is their date back to 15th century, if not ethnic groups total to over 2.6 lingua franca and widely used earlier, are still upheld till today. million of its population and over by the people of Sarawak while Known for its biodiversity,
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When James Brooke needed an administrative building, he built the 13th World Islamic Kuching Old Courthouse in 1868. When Economic Forum (WIEF) it was completed after around six years, it consisted of four blocks of buildings Happening in Kuching on 21 – 23 with ironwood roofs. Today, it lives on as November 2017 and themed Disruptive Sarawak Tourism Complex and is known : Change Impact and Challenges, this as a unique venue for indoor and outdoor annual forum is a bridge between events. Muslim and non-Muslim business The proboscis Monkey, endemic to the jungles of Borneo communities. It provides a platform Less than half an hour by car from BCCK that promotes international trade is the Main Post Office of Kuching. The its large areas of lush rainforest are home between them, thus narrowing the fact that it’s a functioning post office in this to thousands of flora and fauna species gap between both communities. The day and age of cyber services is charming including over 2,000 tree species and 530 past 12 years, WIEF was attended by enough but the building’s intricate and bird species. These ingredients created an world leaders, prominent politicians intimidating Corinthian columns should environment that’s inimitable and utterly and entrepreneurs keen to widen their fascinate you further. Hardly a hundred years old, the building stands on where the unique to Sarawak. network, increase their livelihood as White Rajahs’ stables used to be. Today, its well as expand their knowledge on The state’s revenue relies heavily on liquefied architecture represents a metamorphosis of global business issues. natural gas (LNG) and petroleum, mining of old to contemporary Kuching. natural resources such as coal, forestry and – Further details: wief.org/forum/13 due to 32 per cent of its land area identified as suitable agricultural land – agriculture such as palm oil and pepper. Since forty years Kuching Heritage Trail ago, Sarawak hopped onto the bandwagon These historic buildings are located of industrialisation. Therefore today, within walking distance to each other manufacturing and hi-tech industries shape and part of what is called Kuching its economy, as well. Heritage Trail. The walking trail is Borneo Convention Centre Kuching (BCCK), venue of the self-guided, estimated to take around Introducing Kuching 13th WIEF Kuching is not only home to the world class two hours and a trail map available Borneo Convention Centre (BCCK) which from the Sarawak Tourism Complex at is the venue for the 13th World Islamic Reflections of History the Old Courthouse. Economic Forum (WIEF) and is well linked There are a few examples of Kuching’s by road to most parts of Sarawak. BCCK is architecture that reflect its colonial history. Further details: blog.sarawaktourism. 15 minutes away from the city’s centre by car For a little over a century, the English com/2012/09/explore-kuching-heritage- and although there’s limited bus service, taxis Brooke family ruled Sarawak and were in-2-hours.html can easily be booked through Grab, Uber known as its White Rajahs. Due to their and various ubiquitous local taxi companies. ancestry, some English influence is evident in a few still in use buildings of Kuching. This city balances outdoors and trappings of modern life very well. Kuching is generally For instance, colonial influence can be seen technologically up to date. Like in any buzzing in Fort Margherita built by Charles Brooke, city, wifi service can be found in most hotels, the second White Rajah of Sarawak, in cafés and other heavily populated public 1879 and the Astana built in 1870 by James spaces such as malls. Recreationally, this city Brooke who was the first White Rajah of offers nature treks in a pristine rainforest, Sarawak as a wedding gift to his wife. Today not half hour from its city centre and lovely the Astana is the official residence of the Fort Alice views of its main river. Governor of Sarawak.
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When in Kuching Sarawak Cultural Village – This is a one-stop centre to get to know Sarawak culture or its On the Nature Trail concise version. It’s around 40 minutes by A mere 40 minutes away by car from car from BCCK. Here’s where you can learn BCCK is Semenggoh Wildlife Park. about and compare the different living It was opened in 1975 to not only spaces belonging to various ethnic groups such as Bidayuh and Iban longhouses, rehabilitate injured or orphaned wild Malay townhouse, Chinese farm and animals which are then released Penang Hut. There are performances of back to the wild, it’s also a centre traditional dance featuring traditional for research on wildlife as well as costumes and it’s where the Penan Nature breeding programmes for endangered Trail is also located. species conducted in captivity. It has rescued or trained orangutans to Kuching Waterfront – This is a popular survive in the wild the past twenty spot for evening strolls, meeting friends years. The best time to visit is during to share a meal in one of the many eateries their feeding time of either 9 am or here or just to enjoy the view of the water 3 pm or you can always revert to bird and historical landmarks across the river. watching the hundreds of species The waterfront faces the Sarawak River that’s an important source of water and there in-between those times. Through the decades, it evolved into a centre transportation route. It’s around 20 minutes Siniawan market Kuching from BCCK. that raise awareness and knowledge on the importance of conservation to its Main Bazaar and Carpenter Street – Are visitors. a few more recommended here that’ll give two parallel streets adjacent to Kuching you a taste of Sarawak’s traditional dishes, a Waterfront. They are good spots for some Further details: https://sarawaktourism. good representation of their flavours. handicraft shopping, charming Chinese com/attraction/semenggoh-nature- shophouses, small traders, coffee shops and reserve/ Sarawak laksa – This is an iconic vermicelli food stalls. What to look out for in terms noodles steeping in broth made out of of souvenirs are the traditional handwoven ground mixed spices including chilli, textile that’s distinctly Sarawakian such shallots and garlic which is then cooked in as the Iban’s pua kumbu made out of prawn stock. Condiments such as strips of homespun cotton and natural dye. Also broiled chicken, prawns, omelette as well the native handwoven Penan baskets or as coriander, sambal and lime give this beadwork. delicately spicy bowl of noodles a riot of colour and texture. Other spots to visit that are not too far away Rafflesia also known as the corpse flower from BCCK are Sarawak Museum with Kolo mee – Considered as the second most one of the best collections of artefacts in the popular noodle dish in Kuching, if not country, its gardens including an aquarium Tantalising Flavours in Sarawak, this Chinese dry noodle has and Reservoir Park with an artificial lake There are, of course, many local dishes you become a mealtime favourite for non- that’s popular with evening strollers as well should try but there are a few that will leave Muslims in the state and ever-present in as joggers. Both are around 20 minutes by an indelible mark on your palate. A few food courts around the city. Blanched egg car from BCCK. There are also Kuching’s dishes have also become synonymous with noodles are coated in a thick sauce mixture Cat Museum which was the first of its Kuching, if not Sarawak, globally. Sarawak of mainly a mixture of oils including sesame kind, the Islamic Heritage Museum, Textile laksa, for example, was featured in No and soy sauce then topped with slices of Museum and Square Tower right at the end Reservations hosted by Anthony Bourdain barbequed as well as blanched marinated of the Waterfront which was a prison in the in 2005 which raised international curiosity mince or meats as well as steamed greens. late 19th century before it was a fortress. and catapulted it into popularity. There are
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Manok pansoh
Manok pansoh – This dish involves cooking chicken pieces in water along with ginger, onion, galangal, chillies and daun salam in bamboo. It’s often served during festive celebrations such as to mark the end of a harvest period.
Others – Umai is a ceviche made of fresh pieces of raw fish marinating in lime juice, chillies and onion showcases beautifully the fresh seafood and various waterways Local coffee Sarawak is well-known for, just like its salted terubuk fish that complements rice very well. Another dish that accompanies rice well is stir-fried midin, a local vegetable Where to Try Local Dishes Under One Roof that’s a wild fern with a somewhat velvety, delicately crunchy texture. As in most Malaysian states, the best place to try various local dishes under one roof is a food court. This is where several hawker stalls offering myriad dishes at To end a meal on a sweet note, Sarawak reasonable prices are ubiquitous, mostly open air, popular with locals as well as layer cake is not only visually stimulating tourists and operates after sunset. with its elaborate patterns but also its eye- catching colours that reflect the confection’s A few popular ones within easy access from BCCK: intricate preparation process. It involves • Top Spot is mainly halal, located off Jalan Padungan in Kuching and opens daily at 5pm. a tedious process of baking each coloured cake layer before they’re pressed together • Kubah Ria is halal, located on Jalan Matang in Kuching and opens at lunchtime. to form patterns. The result of this is, each • Open air food court at Arif Hotel on Jalan Haji Taha is halal and opens around 6pm. layer cake’s flavour and pattern are made • Petanak Central is a non-halal hawker centre on Jalan Petanak in Kuching and opens daily at around 6pm. unique by its creator. No two are quite the • Open air market on Jalan Khoo Hun Yeang in Kuching is a non-halal food court and opens at around 6pm. same but each one complements Sarawak • Lepau restaurant on Persiaran Ban Hock is a comfortable eatery offering authentic traditional dishes as well local coffee perfectly. The layer cake can be as ambience and accompanied by traditional dance performance on most evening. found in almost any bakery, night market and bazaar around Kuching.
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