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Das Israelbild in Tageszeitungen Der DDR

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Das Israelbild in Tageszeitungen Der DDR Das Israelbild in Tageszeitungen der DDR. Inauguraldissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades der Philosophie an der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München vorgelegt von Oren Osterer aus München München, 2014 Erstgutachter: Prof. Dr. Michael Brenner Zweitgutachter: Hans Günter Hockerts Datum der mündlichen Prüfung: 1. Februar 2013 Inhalt Vorwort .................................................................................................................................................................................. 6 I. Prolog ................................................................................................................................................................................. 7 1. Fragestellung und Zielsetzung ................................................................................................................................ 12 2. Zum Aufbau, zur Methodik und zu den Forschungsquellen ............................................................................ 15 3. Forschungsstreit und Forschungsstand: Antisemitismus und Antizionismus ................................................ 18 3.1. Judenhass: Inhalt, Funktion und Struktur ..................................................................................................... 21 3.2. Eine Theorie über die Aufnahme von Antisemitismus in den Marxismus-Leninismus ....................... 23 3.3. Rahmenbedingungen für die Ausprägung des Antizionismus in der DDR ............................................ 26 II. Rahmenbedingungen für das Israelbild in DDR-Tageszeitungen........................................................................ 29 1. Tageszeitungen in der DDR .............................................................................................................................. 29 1.1. Die Monopolstellung der SED ................................................................................................................ 30 1.2. Klassischer und differenzierter Ansatz ................................................................................................... 32 1.3. Die außenpolitische Großwetterlage und der ADN als entscheidende Faktoren in der außenpolitischen Berichterstattung der DDR-Tageszeitungen ........................................................................ 34 2. Wiedergutmachung an Israel? ................................................................................................................................. 36 2.1. Die grundlegende Haltung ostdeutscher Verweigerung ....................................................................... 36 2.2. Erste Kontakte zwischen der SED und Vertretern des Jischuws ...................................................... 38 2.3. Die Alliierten als Vermittler ...................................................................................................................... 40 2.4. Der Fall Merker .......................................................................................................................................... 43 2.5. Letzte Anstrengungen in Moskau ............................................................................................................ 47 2.6. Gründe und Bedeutung der nie gelösten Wiedergutmachungsfrage .................................................. 48 3. Die Beziehungen zwischen der Sowjetunion und Israel bis 1953 ............................................................... 51 3.1. Von der Oktoberrevolution bis zum Zweiten Weltkrieg ..................................................................... 51 3.2. Die prozionistische Politik der Sowjetunion .......................................................................................... 52 3.3. Der Bruch mit dem Staat Israel ................................................................................................................ 55 III. Die Analysen ............................................................................................................................................................... 57 1. Die Gründung des Staates Israel ............................................................................................................................ 57 1.1. Die Kontroverse um die New Historians ..................................................................................................... 58 1.3. Die Berichterstattung über den Teilungsplan für Palästina und den Bürgerkrieg zwischen Juden und Arabern ...................................................................................................................................................................... 61 1.4. Die Berichterstattung über die Gründung Israels und den Beginn des ersten arabisch-israelischen Krieges ....................................................................................................................................................................... 65 1.5. Fazit: Keine breite Euphorie angesichts der Staatsgründung Israels ........................................................ 73 2. Der Eichmann-Prozess............................................................................................................................................ 75 2.1. Die Verhaftung Eichmanns in den DDR-Zeitungen ................................................................................. 78 3 2.2. Die Sonderkorrespondenten ........................................................................................................................... 80 2.3. Die Vorbereitung der Agitation ...................................................................................................................... 86 2.4. Über die Empörung der israelischen Gesellschaft ...................................................................................... 88 2.5. Komplizen des Verschweigens: Adenauer und Ben-Gurion ..................................................................... 91 2.6. Die Unzulänglichkeiten der israelischen Justiz ............................................................................................ 93 2.7. An der Causa Eichmann gescheitert .............................................................................................................. 95 3. Der Sechstagekrieg ................................................................................................................................................... 97 3.1. Das agitatorische Vorspiel ............................................................................................................................... 99 3.2. Die Berichterstattung während der sechs Kriegstage ............................................................................... 100 3.3. Westdeutsche Mitschuld ................................................................................................................................ 103 3.4. Die Abwehr des Anitsemitismusvorwurfs .................................................................................................. 106 3.5. Unterstützung durch die KP Israel .............................................................................................................. 109 3.6. Deutliche antisemitische Motive während des Sechstagekrieges ............................................................ 111 4. Das Olympia-Attentat von München 1972 ........................................................................................................ 114 4.1. Die Haltung der SED gegenüber Israel vor dem Olympia-Attentat ...................................................... 117 4.2. Die Vorbereitungen der SED auf die Olympiade in München ............................................................... 122 4.3. Der Anschlag in den DDR-Zeitungen ........................................................................................................ 124 4.4. Die Verurteilung des Anschlags ................................................................................................................... 126 4.5. Die Verwässerung der Identitäten von Opfern und Tätern .................................................................... 127 4.6. Wiedergabe der internationalen Empörung ............................................................................................... 128 4.7. Als hätte es keinen Anschlag gegeben ......................................................................................................... 131 5. Frieden mit Ägypten .............................................................................................................................................. 135 5.1. Die sozialistische Friedensformel für den Nahen Osten ......................................................................... 135 5.2. Der Reifeprozess der PLO, die ägyptischen Separatpläne und ‚die Front der Standhaftigkeit‘ ......... 136 5.3. Die Ziele des Imperialismus und Schlussfolgerungen für die DDR ...................................................... 138 5.4. Ostdeutsch-israelische Kontakte in den 1970er Jahren ............................................................................ 140 5.5. Camp David: dem Frieden keinen Schritt näher ....................................................................................... 142 5.6. Behauptetes Komplott des Imperialismus und Zionismus gegen die arabischen Völker ................... 148 5.7. Der Vorwurf der ‚Verewigung‘ der Okkupation ...................................................................................... 153 5.8. Das Israelbild im Angesicht von
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