DOCSLIB.ORG

Lung, Heart, Larynx Answers

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Lung, Heart, Larynx Answers Lung, Heart, Larynx 1 2 27 28 3 26 4 25 5 6 24 7 8 23 22 9 21 20 10 11 19 12 18 13 14 17 15 16 Answers: Lung, Heart, Larynx 1. Hyoid bone 2. Thyrohyoid membrane 3. Thyroid cartilage of larynx 1 4. Cricoid cartilage of larynx 2 5. Left common carotid artery 27 6. Left internal jugular vein 28 3 7. Left subclavian artery 26 4 8. Left subclavian vein 25 5 6 9. Left brachiocephalic vein with inferior thyroid vein 24 7 10. Aortic arch 8 23 11. Superior lobe of left lung 22 9 12. Cardiac notch 21 13. Inferior lobe of left lung 20 10 14. Central tendon of diaphragm 15. Descending abdominal aorta 11 19 16. Inferior vena cava 17. Diaphragm 18. Inferior lobe of right lung 12 19. Middle lobe of right lung 18 20. Superior vena cava 13 21. Superior lobe of right lung 22. Right brachiocephalic vein 23. Right subclavian vein 14 24. Right internal jugular vein 17 15 25. Thyroid gland with superior thyroid artery 16 26. Cricothyroid muscle Go to deep view: 27. Thyrohyoid muscle 28. Larynx Back to superficial view: Heart, Lungs, Larynx 1 2 3 23 4 22 5 21 6 20 7 19 18 8 17 16 9 15 10 11 14 12 13 Answers: Heart, Lungs, Larynx 1. Hyoid bone 2. Thyrohyoid membrane 1 3. Thyroid cartilage 2 4. Cricoid cartilage 3 5. Left internal jugular vein 23 4 6. Left subclavian artery 22 7. Left subclavian vein 5 21 6 8. Pulmonary trunk 20 7 9. Branch of a pulmonary artery 19 10. Branch of a pulmonary vein 18 11. Secondary bronchus 12. Diaphragm 8 13. Abdominal aorta 17 14. Inferior vena cava 16 9 15. Tertiary bronchi (cross section) 10 15 16. Pulmonary vein (cross section) 11 17. Pulmonary artery (cross section) 18. Superior vena cava 19. Right brachiocephalic vein 14 20. Right subclavian vein 12 21. Right internal jugular vein 13 22. Inferior thyroid vein Go to inferior view: 23. Cricothyroid muscle Heart, Lungs, Larynx: Inferior View 13 1 12 2 11 3 4 10 5 6 9 7 8 Answers: Back to superficial view: Heart, Lungs, Larynx: Answers: Inferior View 1. Thyrohyoid muscle 13 2. Thyroid gland 1 12 3. Tertiary bronchi (cross 2 11 section) 4. Hepatic artery 5. Hepatic veins 3 6. Diaphragm 7. Aortic hiatus in diaphragm 8. Descending abdominal aorta 4 9. Celiac trunk (cut) 10. Esophagus in esophageal 10 5 hiatus 11. Inferior thyroid vein 6 9 12. Thyroid cartilage of larynx 7 8 13. Hyoid bone Deep view, heart removed: Lungs & Trachea, Deep: Heart Removed 11 1 Back to inferior view: 2 10 9 Back to superficial view: 8 3 4 5 6 7 Answers: Lungs & Trachea: Deep, Heart Answers: Removed 1. Trachea 2. Right primary bronchus 3. Secondary bronchi (right) 11 4. Costomediastinal recess of 1 pleura cavity 10 2 5. Esophagus 9 6. Descending thoracic aorta 8 3 7. Tertiary bronchi 8. Branch of pulmonary vein 9. Secondary bronchi (left) 4 10. Left primary bronchus 5 6 7 11. Aortic arch Go to larynx, anterior view: Larynx: Anterior View 1 2 12 3 4 11 10 9 5 8 6 7 Answers: Answers: Larynx: Anterior View 1. Lesser horn of hyoid bone 2. Thyrohyoid membrane 1 3. Thyroid cartilage 2 4. Superior thyroid notch 12 3 5. Cricoid cartilage 4 11 6. Tracheal ring 7. Inferior thyroid veins 10 8. Thyroid gland 9 5 9. Cricothyroid muscle 8 6 10. Superior thyroid artery 7 11. Laryngeal prominence Go to larynx: Lateral view 12. Thyrohyoid muscle Larynx: Lateral View Posterior Anterior 1 2 8 3 7 4 5 6 Answers: Larynx: Lateral View Answers: Posterior Anterior 1. Greater horn of hyoid bone 1 2. Superior laryngeal nerve 2 8 3. Superior thyroid artery 3 4. Inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle 7 4 5. Thyroid gland 6. Cricothyroid muscle 5 6 7. Laryngeal prominence of thyroid cartilage 8. Lesser horn of hyoid bone Go to larynx, posterior view: Back to superficial view of Lung, heart, larynx: Larynx: Posterior View 1 2 14 13 3 12 4 11 10 9 5 8 7 6 Answers: Answers: Larynx: Posterior View 1. Epiglottis 2. Greater horn of hyoid bone 1 3. Thyroid cartilage 2 4. Piriform recess 14 5. Inferior pharyngeal constrictor 13 3 6. Trachea 12 7. Thyroid gland 11 4 8. Cricoid cartilage 10 9. Posterior cricoarytenoid 9 muscle 10. Superior thyroid artery 5 8 11. Arytenoid muscle (oblique & 7 transverse) 6 12. Arytenoid cartilage (deep) 13. Corniculate tubercle Go to larynx, midsagittal section: 14. Cuneform tubercle Larynx: Midsagittal Section 1 13 2 12 3 11 4 10 5 6 9 7 8 Answers: Answers: Larynx: Midsagittal Section 1. Hypoepiglottic ligament 1 2. Cartilage of epiglottis 13 2 3. Laryngeal vestibule 4. Transverse arytenoid 12 muscle 3 11 4 5. Vestibular fold 10 5 6. Laryngeal ventricle 7. Cricoid cartilage 6 9 8. Cricoid cartilage (anterior) 7 9. Vocal fold 8 10. Laryngeal prominence of thyroid cartilage 11. Pre-epiglottic fat pad 12. Thyrohyoid ligament Back to larynx, anterior view: 13. Hyoid bone .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Superior Laryngeal Nerve Identification and Preservation in Thyroidectomy
    ORIGINAL ARTICLE Superior Laryngeal Nerve Identification and Preservation in Thyroidectomy Michael Friedman, MD; Phillip LoSavio, BS; Hani Ibrahim, MD Background: Injury to the external branch of the su- recorded and compared on an annual basis for both be- perior laryngeal nerve (EBSLN) can result in detrimen- nign and malignant disease. Overall results were also com- tal voice changes, the severity of which varies according pared with those found in previous series identified to the voice demands of the patient. Variations in its ana- through a 50-year literature review. tomic patterns and in the rates of identification re- ported in the literature have discouraged thyroid sur- Results: The 3 anatomic variations of the distal aspect geons from routine exploration and identification of this of the EBSLN as it enters the cricothyroid were encoun- nerve. Inconsistent with the surgical principle of pres- tered and are described. The total identification rate over ervation of critical structures through identification, mod- the 20-year period was 900 (85.1%) of 1057 nerves. Op- ern-day thyroidectomy surgeons still avoid the EBSLN erations performed for benign disease were associated rather than identifying and preserving it. with higher identification rates (599 [86.1%] of 696) as opposed to those performed for malignant disease Objectives: To describe the anatomic variations of the (301 [83.4%] of 361). Operations performed in recent EBSLN, particularly at the junction of the inferior con- years have a higher identification rate (over 90%). strictor and cricothyroid muscles; to propose a system- atic approach to identification and preservation of this Conclusions: Understanding the 3 anatomic variations nerve; and to define the identification rate of this nerve of the distal portion of the EBSLN and its relation to the during thyroidectomy.
    [Show full text]
  • Larynx Anatomy
    LARYNX ANATOMY Elena Rizzo Riera R1 ORL HUSE INTRODUCTION v Odd and median organ v Infrahyoid region v Phonation, swallowing and breathing v Triangular pyramid v Postero- superior base àpharynx and hyoid bone v Bottom point àupper orifice of the trachea INTRODUCTION C4-C6 Tongue – trachea In women it is somewhat higher than in men. Male Female Length 44mm 36mm Transverse diameter 43mm 41mm Anteroposterior diameter 36mm 26mm SKELETAL STRUCTURE Framework: 11 cartilages linked by joints and fibroelastic structures 3 odd-and median cartilages: the thyroid, cricoid and epiglottis cartilages. 4 pair cartilages: corniculate cartilages of Santorini, the cuneiform cartilages of Wrisberg, the posterior sesamoid cartilages and arytenoid cartilages. Intrinsic and extrinsic muscles THYROID CARTILAGE Shield shaped cartilage Right and left vertical laminaà laryngeal prominence (Adam’s apple) M:90º F: 120º Children: intrathyroid cartilage THYROID CARTILAGE Outer surface à oblique line Inner surface Superior border à superior thyroid notch Inferior border à inferior thyroid notch Superior horns à lateral thyrohyoid ligaments Inferior horns à cricothyroid articulation THYROID CARTILAGE The oblique line gives attachement to the following muscles: ¡ Thyrohyoid muscle ¡ Sternothyroid muscle ¡ Inferior constrictor muscle Ligaments attached to the thyroid cartilage ¡ Thyroepiglottic lig ¡ Vestibular lig ¡ Vocal lig CRICOID CARTILAGE Complete signet ring Anterior arch and posterior lamina Ridge and depressions Cricothyroid articulation
    [Show full text]
  • The Role of Strap Muscles in Phonation Laryngeal Model in Vivo
    Journal of Voice Vol. 11, No. 1, pp. 23-32 © 1997 Lippincott-Raven Publishers, Philadelphia The Role of Strap Muscles in Phonation In Vivo Canine Laryngeal Model Ki Hwan Hong, *Ming Ye, *Young Mo Kim, *Kevin F. Kevorkian, and *Gerald S. Berke Department of Otolaryngology, Chonbuk National University, Medical School, Chonbuk, Korea; and *Division of Head and Neck Surgery, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, U.S.A. Summary: In spite of the presumed importance of the strap muscles on laryn- geal valving and speech production, there is little research concerning the physiological role and the functional differences among the strap muscles. Generally, the strap muscles have been shown to cause a decrease in the fundamental frequency (Fo) of phonation during contraction. In this study, an in vivo canine laryngeal model was used to show the effects of strap muscles on the laryngeal function by measuring the F o, subglottic pressure, vocal in- tensity, vocal fold length, cricothyroid distance, and vertical laryngeal move- ment. Results demonstrated that the contraction of sternohyoid and sternothy- roid muscles corresponded to a rise in subglottic pressure, shortened cricothy- roid distance, lengthened vocal fold, and raised F o and vocal intensity. The thyrohyoid muscle corresponded to lowered subglottic pressure, widened cricothyroid distance, shortened vocal fold, and lowered F 0 and vocal inten- sity. We postulate that the mechanism of altering F o and other variables after stimulation of the strap muscles is due to the effects of laryngotracheal pulling, upward or downward, and laryngotracheal forward bending, by the external forces during strap muscle contraction.
    [Show full text]
  • The Five Diaphragms in Osteopathic Manipulative Medicine: Neurological Relationships, Part 1
    Open Access Review Article DOI: 10.7759/cureus.8697 The Five Diaphragms in Osteopathic Manipulative Medicine: Neurological Relationships, Part 1 Bruno Bordoni 1 1. Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Foundation Don Carlo Gnocchi, Milan, ITA Corresponding author: Bruno Bordoni, [email protected] Abstract In osteopathic manual medicine (OMM), there are several approaches for patient assessment and treatment. One of these is the five diaphragm model (tentorium cerebelli, tongue, thoracic outlet, diaphragm, and pelvic floor), whose foundations are part of another historical model: respiratory-circulatory. The myofascial continuity, anterior and posterior, supports the notion the human body cannot be divided into segments but is a continuum of matter, fluids, and emotions. In this first part, the neurological relationships of the tentorium cerebelli and the lingual muscle complex will be highlighted, underlining the complex interactions and anastomoses, through the most current scientific data and an accurate review of the topic. In the second part, I will describe the neurological relationships of the thoracic outlet, the respiratory diaphragm and the pelvic floor, with clinical reflections. In literature, to my knowledge, it is the first time that the different neurological relationships of these anatomical segments have been discussed, highlighting the constant neurological continuity of the five diaphragms. Categories: Medical Education, Anatomy, Osteopathic Medicine Keywords: diaphragm, osteopathic, fascia, myofascial, fascintegrity,
    [Show full text]
  • 7. Cervical Procedures
    BWH 2015 GENERAL SURGERY RESIDENCY PROCEDURAL ANATOMY COURSE 7. CERVICAL PROCEDURES CONTENTS LAB OBJECTIVES ........................................................................................................................................................2 Knowledge objectives ...........................................................................................................................................2 Skills objectives .....................................................................................................................................................2 Preparation for lab ................................................................................................................................................2 7.1 ORGANIZATION OF THE NECK .............................................................................................................................3 7.2 ANTERIOR APPROACH AND SUPERFICIAL STRUCTURES ......................................................................................5 7.3 THYROID AND PARATHYROID GLANDS ................................................................................................................7 Thyroid gland ........................................................................................................................................................7 Parathyroid glands ................................................................................................................................................9 7.4 NECK VASCULATURE .......................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Regional Variation in Geniohyoid Muscle Strain During Suckling in the Infant Pig SHAINA DEVI HOLMAN1,2∗, NICOLAI KONOW1,3,STACEYL
    RESEARCH ARTICLE Regional Variation in Geniohyoid Muscle Strain During Suckling in the Infant Pig SHAINA DEVI HOLMAN1,2∗, NICOLAI KONOW1,3,STACEYL. 1 1,2 LUKASIK , AND REBECCA Z. GERMAN 1Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 2Department of Pain and Neural Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, Maryland 3Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island ABSTRACT The geniohyoid muscle (GH) is a critical suprahyoid muscle in most mammalian oropharyngeal motor activities. We used sonomicrometry to evaluate regional strain (i.e., changes in length) in the muscle origin, belly, and insertion during suckling in infant pigs, and compared the results to existing information on strain heterogeneity in the hyoid musculature. We tested the hypothesis that during rhythmic activity, the GH shows regional variation in muscle strain. We used sonomicrometry transducer pairs to divide the muscle into three regions from anterior to posterior. The results showed differences in strain among the regions within a feeding cycle; however, no region consistently shortened or lengthened over the course of a cycle. Moreover, regional strain patterns were not correlated with timing of the suck cycles, neither (1) relative to a swallow cycle (before or after) nor (2) to the time in feeding sequence (early or late). We also found a tight relationship between muscle activity and muscle strain, however, the relative timing of muscle activity and muscle strain was different in some muscle regions and between individuals. A dissection of the C1 innervations of the geniohyoid showed that there are between one and three branches entering the muscle, possibly explaining the variation seen in regional activity and strain.
    [Show full text]
  • Anatomy of Larynx the Larynx Situated in the Midline Ofthe Neck Opposite to the 3Rd - 6Th Cervical Vertebrae
    د.علي عبداﻷمير جوادL 1 LARYNGOLOGY Anatomy of Larynx The larynx Situated in the midline ofthe neck opposite to the 3rd - 6th cervical vertebrae. It consists of framework of cartilages connected by ligaments & membranes. It is lined by a mucous membrane surrounded by muscles. Laryngeal cartilages: Form the main framework of the larynx & divided into: 1. unpaired cartilages: three in number: a. Thyroid cartilage: is the largest one & consists of 2parts, each one is called thyroid ala or lamina (square-shaped). The 2 alae meet in the midline forming an angle of about 90in men& about 120 in women,thusthe junction is more prominent in me n ( Ada m's Apple). The thyroid cartilage articulates inferiorly with the cricoid cartilage. b. cricoid cartilage: signet-shaped & it is the only complete ring in the respiratory tract. It consists of anarch anteriorly & lamina posteriorly, The lamina articulates superiorly with the arytenioids cartilage, while the junction between the arch & the lamina of cricoid is the site of articulation with the thyroid cartilage superiorly also. c. Epiglottis: rise up behind the tongue,it is a thin leaf like sheet of elastic fibrocartilage. It has free upper part & a thin long stem inferiorly attached to the inner surface of the thyroid alae at their junction. 2. Paired cartilages (Rt & Lt): also three in number: a. Arytenoid cartilages: pyramidal in shape, articulate with the superior surface of the cricoid lamina. It has a muscular process (to which 1 muscles of the larynx attach), & a vocal process (to which the vocal cords attach). Superiorly the arytenoids cartilage articulates with the corniculate cartilage.
    [Show full text]
  • ANATOMICAL VARIATIONS in the ANSA CERVICALIS and INNERVATION of INFRAHYOID MUSCLES Lydia S
    International Journal of Anatomy and Research, Int J Anat Res 2013, Vol 1(2):69-74. ISSN 2321- 4287 Original Article ANATOMICAL VARIATIONS IN THE ANSA CERVICALIS AND INNERVATION OF INFRAHYOID MUSCLES Lydia S. Quadros*, Nandini Bhat, Arathy Babu, Antony Sylvan D’souza. Department of Anatomy, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Madhavnagar, Manipal, Karnataka, India ABSTRACT Background: – Infrahyoid muscles are supplied by the ansa cervicalis. The present study aimed to study the variations in the ansa cervicalis and the innervation of infrahyoid muscles. Methods: The study was conducted on 40 cadaveric hemi-necks. Results: Out of the 40 hemi-necks, high level of ansa cervicalis was observed in 2 hemi-necks, intermediate level of ansa was observed in 35 hemi-necks and low level of ansa was observed in 3 hemi-necks. Additionally, dual ansa with absence of inferior root was seen in 4 hemi-necks, dual ansa with absence of inferior root and inter-communication between C2 and C3 was seen in 2 hemi-necks, common trunk supplying all infrahyoid muscles including superior belly of omohyoid was seen in 2 hemi-necks, nerve to infe- rior belly of omohyoid from inferior root was seen on 1 side. In one specimen unilaterally, superior belly of omohyoid was innervated by a branch from hypoglossal nerve, two superior roots arising from hypoglossal nerve and the inferior root formed only by C3 was seen in the same specimen. Discussion: The knowledge of the possible variations of ansa in relation to the great vessels of the neck prevents the inadvertent injury to those vessels.
    [Show full text]
  • Development of a Musculoskeletal Model of Hyolaryngeal Elements for Understanding Pharyngeal Swallowing Mechanics
    applied sciences Article Development of a Musculoskeletal Model of Hyolaryngeal Elements for Understanding Pharyngeal Swallowing Mechanics Takuya Hashimoto 1,* , Mariko Urabe 1, Foo Chee-Sheng 1, Atsuko Murakoshi 2, Takahiro Kikuchi 3, Yukihiro Michiwaki 3 and Takuji Koike 2 1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan; [email protected] (M.U.); [email protected] (F.C.-S.) 2 Department of Mechanical Engineering and Intelligent Systems, The University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan; [email protected] (A.M.); [email protected] (T.K.) 3 Japanese Red Cross Musashino Hospital, Tokyo 180-8610, Japan; [email protected] (T.K.); [email protected] (Y.M.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 14 August 2020; Accepted: 7 September 2020; Published: 9 September 2020 Featured Application: The potential application of this study is to provide a key tool to help researchers and clinicians understand how neuro, muscular, and skeletal systems are involved in swallowing. It would contribute to the clinical decision-making process in treating dysphagia associated with neuromuscular disease. Abstract: A detailed understanding of muscle activity in human swallowing would provide insights into the complex neuromuscular coordination underlying swallowing. The purpose of this study was to introduce musculoskeletal analysis to investigate muscle activities involved in swallowing as there are limitations on studying comprehensive muscle activation patterns by conventional methods such as electromyography (EMG) measurement. A musculoskeletal model of swallowing was newly developed based on the skeletal model made from CT data of a healthy volunteer. Individual muscle forces were predicted in pharyngeal swallowing by inverse dynamics’ computations with static optimization, in which the typical trajectories of the hyoid bone and thyroid cartilage analyzed from videofluoroscopic (VF) data of the volunteer were used.
    [Show full text]
  • Ansa Cervicalis Nerve: Review of the Topographic Anatomy and Morphology
    The Laryngoscope Lippincott-Raven Publishers, Philadelphia 0 1997 The American Laryn ological, Rhinological and Otological gociety, Inc. Ansa Cervicalis Nerve: Review of the Topographic Anatomy and Morphology ~ ~~ Dinesh K. Chhetri, MD; Gerald S. Berke, MD In recent years, there has been a proliferation its proximity to the larynx and because it is quite ac- of techniques utilizing the ansa cervicalis nerve to tive during phonation. Ansa is a Latin term mean- reinnervate the paralyzed larynx. The anatomic ing “handle of a cup” or “haft.”6 The ansa cervicalis course and morphology of the ansa cervicalis are nerve is formed by the junction of two main nerve complicated by the variable course and location along the great vessels of the neck, as well as the roots derived entirely from ventral cervical rami. A significant differences observed in the arrange- loop (summit) is formed at the point of their anasto- ment of its contributing roots and regional branch- mosis. For decades the superior root was called the ing patterns. Herein, we review the surgical descendens hypoglossi because it branches off from anatomic course of ansa cervicalis and its innerva- the hypoglossal nerve. In the past the ansa cervi- tion of the muscles of the neck, and develop specific calis was called the ansa hypoglossi.The branches of recommendations with respect to the use of this the ansa cervicalis innervate the infrahyoid (strap) nerve in laryngeal reinnervation. muscles of the neck. Laryngoscope, 107:1366-1372,1997 Recently, there has been an interesting debate as to which branch of the ansa cervicalis used for la- INTRODUCTION ryngeal reinnervation would result in the best vocal In the past few decades, laryngology has wit- quality, Frazier and Mosser7 were the first to report nessed a dramatic proliferation of surgical proce- the anastomosis of the ansa cervicalis nerve to the dures designed for the treatment of dysphonia sec- recurrent laryngeal nerve in humans.
    [Show full text]
  • Comparison of Three Different Types of Exercises for Selective Contractions
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Comparison of three diferent types of exercises for selective contractions of supra‑ and infrahyoid muscles Min Cheol Chang1, Sungwon Park2, Joo Young Cho2, Byung Joo Lee2, Jong‑Moon Hwang3, KwanMyung Kim4 & Donghwi Park5* Several exercise methods, such as the Shaker exercise, tongue press exercise, chin tuck against resistance (CTAR) exercise, and submandibular push exercise, have been introduced to strengthen the muscles involved in swallowing. In this study, we compared the efectiveness of the CTAR, submandibular push, and Shaker exercises for the induction of selective supra‑ and infrahyoid muscle contractions using surface electromyography (EMG). This study is a prospective non‑randomized controlled study. Twenty‑fve healthy subjects and 20 patients experiencing swallowing difculty were enrolled. During the three diferent types of exercises, the root mean square (RMS) values of the sternocleidomastoid (SCM), suprahyoid (anterior belly of the digastric and mylohyoid muscles), and infrahyoid (sternothyroid and thyrohyoid muscles) muscles were analyzed using surface EMG. Diferences in the activity of swallowing muscles among the three diferent exercises were analyzed using one‑way repeated measured analysis of variance. In terms of both the maximum and mean RMS values of the suprahyoid muscle, the submandibular push exercise showed a larger RMS value than the CTAR and Shaker exercises in healthy subjects (p < 0.05). In terms of both the maximum and mean RMS values of the suprahyoid muscle, the Shaker exercise and submandibular push exercise showed a larger RMS value than the CTAR exercise in patients with swallowing difculty (p < 0.05). The submandibular push exercise may be efective as a swallowing muscle exercise owing to its superiority in inducing selective contractions of the supra‑ and infrahyoid muscles.
    [Show full text]
  • O. V. Korenkov, G. F. Tkach
    O. V. Korenkov, G. F. Tkach Study guide 0 Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine Ministry of Health of Ukraine Sumy State University O. V. Korenkov, G. F. Tkach TOPOGRAPHICAL ANATOMY OF THE NECK Study guide Recommended by Academic Council of Sumy State University Sumy Sumy State University 2017 1 УДК 611.93(072) K66 Reviewers: L. V. Phomina – Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor of Department of Human Anatomy of Vinnytsia National Medical University named after M. I. Pirogov; M. V. Pogorelov – Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor of Department of Public Health of Sumy State University Recommended for publication by Academic Council of Sumy State University as а study guide (minutes № 11 of 15.06.2017) Korenkov O. V. K66 Topographical anatomy of the neck : study guide / O. V. Korenkov, G. F. Tkach. – Sumy : Sumy State University, 2017. – 102 р. ISBN 978-966-657-676-0 This study guide is intended for the students of medical higher educational institutions of IV accreditation level, who study Human Anatomy in the English language. Навчальний посібник рекомендований для студентів вищих медичних навчальних закладів IV рівня акредитації, які вивчають анатомію людини англійською мовою. УДК 611.93(072) © Korenkov O. V., Tkach G. F., 2017 ISBN 978-966-657-676-0 © Sumy State University, 2017 2 TOPOGRAPHICAL ANATOMY OF THE NECK THE NECK Borders: The neck is separated from the head by line that passes from the chin along the lower and then the rear border of the body and the branch of the mandible, along the lower border of the external auditory canal and mastoid process, with linea nuchae superior to protuberantio occipitalis externa.
    [Show full text]