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The Girl in the Museum Short Film Exploring the Relationship Between Women and Art

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The Girl in the Museum Short Film Exploring the Relationship Between Women and Art Carolina Dantas Cerqueira THE GIRL IN THE MUSEUM SHORT FILM EXPLORING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN WOMEN AND ART Dissertation in the context of the Masters in Design and Multimedia, advised by Paul Hardman and Alice Geirinhas and presented to the Faculty of Sciences and Technology / Department of Informatics Engineering. October 2020 Faculty of Sciences and Technology Department of Informatics Engineering The Girl At The Museum Short Film Exploring the Relationship between Women and Art Carolina Dantas Cerqueira [email protected] Dissertation in the context of the Masters in Design and Multimedia, advised by Paul Hardman and Alice Geirinhas and presented to the Faculty of Sciences and Technology / Department of Informatics Engineering.. October 2020 Abstract Women have always been a subject of art but the art that they themselves create has been systematically excluded from art history records for centuries. This has left us with a one-sided point of view of the portrayal of women in art and of art itself. In order to tackle this discrepancy, this work intends to create an animation presenting and shining a spotlight on the work of several female artists. In order to create this film I will delve into the history of animation, more specifically animation which mixes both 2D and 3D animation techniques and analyze the films: "The Prince of Egypt", "Spirited Away", "Howl’s Moving Castle" and "Paperman", by examining how they utilize these techniques in order to tell a compelling story. All with the intention to create an animation showcasing several artworks by artists in different fields. The artists chosen to study were Geng Xue, Helena Almeida, Barbara Kruger, Berthe Morisot, Guntal Stölzl, Yayoi Kusama, Marina Abramović and Qing Han. And from this lineup I ultimately chose to highlight the work of Geng Xue, Helena Almeida, Berthe Morisot, Guntal Stölzl, Yayoi Kusama, Marina Abramović and Qing Han. Keywords Video, Short Film, 2D Animation, 3D Animation, Feminism, Art iii Resumo As mulheres sempre foram objecto de estudo em arte, mas a arte que elas mesmas criam tem sido sistematicamente excluída dos registos da história da arte há séculos. Isto deixa-nos com um ponto de vista unilateral sobre a participação da mulher no mundo da arte e da própria arte em si. Para enfrentar esta discrepância, este trabalho pretende criar uma animação a apresentar e chamar a atenção ao trabalho de várias artistas femininas. De maneira a criar este filme vou antes explorar a história da animação, especificamente sobre a animação que mistura técnicas em 2D e 3D ao analisar os filmes: "O Príncipe do Egito", "Spirited Away", "Howl’s Moving Castle" e " Paperman", examinando como estes utilizam estas técnicas para contar uma história convincente. Isto é feito com a intenção de criar uma animação que apresenta e destaca o trabalho de artistas em diversas áreas. As artistas que escolhi investigar são Geng Xue, Helena Almeida, Barbara Kruger, Berthe Morisot, Guntal Stölzl e Yayoi Kusama. Desta lista decidi destacar o trabalho de Geng Xue, Helena Almeida, Berthe Morisot, Guntal Stölzl, Yayoi Kusama, Marina Abramović e Qing Han. Palavras-Chave Video, Curta-Metragem, Animação 2D, Animação 3D, Feminismo, Arte v Contents 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Motivation . .1 1.2 Framing . .7 1.3 Overall Objectives . .7 2 State of the Art 9 2.1 Introduction . .9 2.2 History . .9 2.3 Case Studies . 14 2.3.1 Introduction . 14 2.3.2 The Prince of Egypt (1998) . 14 2.3.3 Spirited Away (2001) . 15 2.3.4 Howl’s Moving Castle (2004) . 18 2.3.5 Paperman (2012) . 20 2.3.6 Conclusion . 20 3 Development of the Subject Matter and Script 22 3.1 Introduction . 22 3.2 Narrative . 22 3.3 Original Chosen Artists . 23 3.3.1 Geng Xue . 23 3.3.2 Helena Almeida . 25 3.3.3 Barbara Kruger . 26 3.3.4 Berthe Morisot . 27 3.3.5 Gunta Stölzl . 28 3.3.6 Yaoi Kusama . 30 3.4 New Chosen Artists . 32 3.4.1 Marina Abramović . 32 3.4.2 Qing Han . 34 3.5 Storyboard Prototype . 36 3.6 Work Plan Prototype . 37 4 Pre-Production of the Film 38 4.1 Introduction . 38 4.2 Proof of Concept 3D Models . 38 4.3 Experimentation . 40 4.3.1 Louise Nevelson . 40 4.3.2 Helen Frankenthaler . 42 4.3.3 Barbara Kruger . 43 4.4 Creation of 2D Assets . 44 4.4.1 Backgrounds . 44 vii Chapter 0 4.4.2 Main Character . 44 4.5 Color Story . 48 4.6 Artist and Artwork Changes . 48 4.6.1 Barbara Kruger . 48 4.6.2 Marina Abramović . 49 4.6.3 Berthe Morisot . 49 4.6.4 Qing Han . 50 4.6.5 Yayoi Kusama . 50 4.7 Storyboard Changes . 50 4.8 Final Storyboard . 51 4.9 Conclusion . 52 5 Production of the Film 53 5.1 Introduction . 53 5.2 3D Modelling . 53 5.2.1 Building Geng Xue’s forest as 3D objects . 53 5.2.2 Creating the painted portal of Helena Almeida . 58 5.2.3 Creating the Cave and Crystals of Marina Abramović . 59 5.2.4 Creating the Mirror of Berthe Morisot . 61 5.2.5 Creating the Weaving of Gunta Stölzl . 62 5.2.6 Creating the Fish of Qing Han . 62 5.2.7 Creating the Lights of Yayoi Kusama . 64 5.3 3D Materials . 65 5.3.1 The Materials of Geng Xue . 65 5.3.2 The Materials of Helena Almeida . 69 5.3.3 The Materials of Marina Abramović . 71 5.3.4 The Materials of Berthe Morisot . 73 5.3.5 The Materials of Gunta Stölzl . 75 5.3.6 The Materials of Qing Han . 77 5.3.7 The Materials of Yayoi Kusama . 79 5.4 3D UV Unwrapping . 81 5.4.1 Texturing the Mirror of Berthe Morisot . 81 5.4.2 Texturing the Fishes by Qing Han . 83 5.5 3D Physics Simulations . 83 5.5.1 Gunta Stölzl . 83 5.6 3D Animations . 84 5.6.1 Animating the sea of Geng Xue . 84 5.6.2 Animating the Portal of Helena Almeida . 85 5.6.3 Animating the Fish of Qing Han . 85 5.6.4 Animating the Lights of Yayoi Kusama . 85 5.7 2D Animations . 86 5.7.1 Animation using After Effects . 86 5.7.2 Animation using Procreate . 87 5.8 Conclusion . 88 6 Post-Production of the Film 89 6.1 Introduction . 89 6.2 Editing . 89 6.3 Compositing . 89 6.4 Effects . 92 6.5 Title and Credits . 92 6.6 Sound . 95 viii Contents 6.7 Promotional Material . 95 6.8 Conclusion . 103 7 Conclusion 104 ix List of Figures 1.1 Percentage of Humanities Bachelor’s Degrees Awarded in the USA to Women, Selected Disciplines, 1966–2015 . .2 1.2 Percentage of qualifications obtained by subject area and sex, 2012/13 to 2016/17 in the UK . .3 1.3 Percentage of Solo Exhibitions at American Institutions, 2007-2014 . .4 1.4 Percentage of Solo Exhibitions at French and German Institutions, 2007-20144 1.5 Percentage of Solo Exhibitions at United Kingdom Institutions, 2007-2014 .5 1.6 Museum of Modern Art in New York, Percentage of Permanent Exhibitions Displays . .5 1.7 Do Women Have To Be Naked To Get Into the Met. Museum?(1989) by Guerrilla Girls . ..
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