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Amerimunc BG Tokyo.Pdf © 2018 American University Model United Nations Conference All rights reserved. No part of this background guide may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means whatsoever without express written permission from the American University Model United Nations Conference Secretariat. Please direct all questions to [email protected] Eden Yanaitis & Maddie McCarthy Chairs Dear Delegates, Welcome to the Tokyo 2020 Olympics committee! I am super excited to be your chair for this Model United Nations conference! The main mission of our committee is to plan the Olympics, considering both basic factors and current-day issues. Our committee will focus on a wide variety of topics that the International Olympic Committee must address, from budgeting to sexual assault and everything in between. This will provide the opportunity for a wide variety of debate and discussion, so I’m sure everyone will find something that interests them. We hope that all of you have a wonderful time in committee- Model United Nations is always a great time to learn new things and have fun doing it. This is a crisis committee, so there is a lot of room for debate and ability to play around with key people and issues. Hopefully you will all use this to your advantage! I’d like to take a little bit to introduce myself: I am currently a freshman at American University, and this will be my first time chairing for AmeriMUNC. I am beyond excited to meet you all and see the different perspectives and creativity that you will all bring into the committee. I participated in Model United Nations throughout high school, and the conferences were always a great experience. I was able to work on my debating skills, learn about parliamentary procedure, dress up, and meet new friends! I still talk to people I met in Model UN in high school, and I hope you will all have similar experiences. Being a part of Model United Nations in high school shaped who I am today and fostered my love for international politics and policy. As a result, I am majoring in international studies at American University, and I cannot wait to put my degree to use (hopefully at the real UN)! I was also on the staff for our Washington International Relations Conference (WIRC), a one-day learning conference, so if you have any questions about parliamentary procedure or want to know how to best form your arguments, do not hesitate to ask! Your co-chair will be Maddie McCarthy. Maddie is an sophomore at American University studying Communications, Law, Economics, and Government within the School of Public Affairs. During high school, she participated in MUN, holding officer positions from sophomore year on. This past year, she served as a vice-chair for United Kingdom: Brexit. When Maddie is not doing stacks of homework, she is likely watching Netflix, spending time with her Alpha Xi Delta sisters, and talking about her Hill-ternships. Maddie is originally from Massachusetts, and will always talk about Dunkin' Donuts and how she loves the cold weather! This background guide should be used as a foundation for your research for this committee. When coming into committee be aware of your jurisdiction as a part of this international committee and have ideas for how to solve some of the big issues we will tackle. I hope you will take the time to do research on your own and learn about these interesting topics- they are all very fascinating and relevant. Feel free to use the sources that are cited in this background guide and conduct your own research, so you have a solid grasp on the issues at hand. All delegates should be prepared to participate in committee. I am so excited to chair this committee and see all of you soon! If you have any questions about the background guide, topics, or Model UN in general, do not hesitate to ask me any questions. Best, Eden Yanaitis & Maddie McCarthy 2020 TOKYO OLYMPICS ORGANIZING COMMITTEE 01 2020 TOKYO OLYMPICS ORGANIZING COMMITTEE ABOUT 2020 OLYMPICS “The 2020 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XXXII Olympiad and commonly known as Tokyo 2020, is a forthcoming international multi-sport event that is scheduled to take place from 24 July to 9 August 2020” Travel and Tourism double from 20 million to 40 million in The travel and tourism industry is a total tourists that visit as a result of the $2,570.1bn industry that is on an 2020 games. increasing upward trend expected to The Japanese National Tourism account for almost 12% of GDP by Organization (JNTO) has launched a 2028¹. The travel and tourism industry multilingual promotional campaign in an employs about 3.2% of the total people effort to attract potential tourists from employed. This can be in a variety of North America, Europe, and Australia³. capacities such as transportation, The JNTO has also included a website hospitality, and retail. About 78% of the that informs tourists of lesser known total industry revenue is made up of areas for activity. This is important personal and leisure spending as because it will help to improve and opposed to that of business spending. diversify the visitor- a portfolio that is However, only 27.3% of that spending deemed intimidating to many nonluxury comes from foreign visitors. travelers. This intimidation stems from Every two years when the the perceived expensive nature of the Olympics take over a city (or in some country and lack of English cases many cities), travel and tourism infrastructure. experts see a spike in the industry. In While it may come as no surprise 2016, Brazil (host of 2016 Summer that the summer games are more Games) saw a 532% increase in popular on a global scale than the spending on third-party sites such as winter games, the winter games Expedia and TripAdvisor². On the other actually cost significantly more⁴. The hand, Japan is hoping to see just a 2006 Turin games cost $3.8 billion while the Beijing games cost only $40 02 million. There are about 2 million fewer society to benefit from the games in spectators at the winter games and ways it would not have been able to over 150 fewer games and events.So otherwise. why do we see such a gap in cost? For Questions to Consider: a number of reasons including 1. What are less expensive equipment, heating, and cooling inside alternatives to hosting the facilities, and the possible need for games? artificial snow to be manufactured⁵. For 2. Why do countries want to the 2018 games, Pyeongchang built a host the games? $109 million stadium that costs $10 million per hour to operate. This stadium will be used 4 times before it gets demolished. For this and other reasons, many cities do not want to host the games. In 2011, Xinjiang Normal University reported on the Beijing games and how host cities face negative effects as a result of tourism⁶. Host cities, for example, typically an overuse of water resources by means of swimming pools, golf courses, hotels, and drinking water. Water degradation and water shortages are common during the games. Another negative effect is garbage pollution. Tourists do not tend to care as much for the environment in the country they are visiting, causing lots of rubbish to accumulate. Despite these astonishing facts, millions view the Olympics each time it rolls around. However, most of this is from home. From price surging to concerns about safety and security, to unsustainable venues, travel and tourism surrounding the Olympics may drastically change in the coming years. Overall, the Olympics encourage host cities to invest in themselves by means of transportation, accommodations, economic, etc. and are typically successful at doing so. However, it is usually at the cost of another sector of society. Tourists aid in bolstering the economy which allows 03 2020 TOKYO OLYMPICS ORGANIZING COMMITTEE 04 Anti-Doping marathon runner Thomas Hicks used a Performance enhancing drugs, mixture of brandy and the stimulant otherwise known as PEDs, have been strychnine which almost resulted in his used prior to and during the Olympic death. This, as well as cocaine, games since Ancient Greece. In 700 caffeine, and heroine, were common BC, people knew that heightened among dopers. Eventually, these testosterone would increase substances became more difficult to performance. “With no syringes or obtain due to transnational hormones in injectable liquid form, it pharmaceutical rules and regulations. was left to the athletes to gorge on Most recently, the IAAF banned animal hearts and testicles in search of Russia from competing in the 2016 Rio potency.” Other options included trying games due to a government cover-up a variety of fungi, herbal medications, of doping among athlete in 2014 at and potions in order to get an upper Sochi². This was the IAAF’s way of hand in the competition. finally taking a stand against a Members of the community ‘tradition’ that has been present since wanted to be part of the effort to have the inception of the games. their friend or neighbor win. Bakers Twelve-time Olympic medalist would inject opium from poppies into Ryan Lochte is also not a stranger to the bread while other athletes would the Olympic and IAAF rules regarding look to horsetail plants to give them the doping³. Lochte was not using illicit extra muscle mass and strength drugs but instead an IV to take legal thought to help in their competitions. supplements. However, he was still About 2,000 years later, athletes suspended for 14 months. from all over the world continued using A common question that has PEDs.
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