Olympic Studies
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Olympic Studies 24th INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR ON OLYMPIC STUDIES FOR POSTGRADUATE STUDENTS Published by the International Olympic Academy and the International Olympic Committee Athens, 2018 International Olympic Academy 52, Dimitrios Vikelas Avenue 152 33 Halandri – Athens GREECE Tel.: +30 210 6878809-13, +30 210 6878888 Fax: +30 210 6878840 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.ioa.org.gr Editor: Konstantinos Georgiadis Editorial coordination: Roula Vathi Photographs: IOA Photographic Archives Production: Cloudprint ISBN: 978-960-9454-46-9 INTERNATIONAL OLYMPIC ACADEMY Olympic Studies Historical, Philosophical and Social Aspects of the Olympic Games and the Olympic Movement 24th INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR ON OLYMPIC STUDIES FOR POSTGRADUATE STUDENTS 1-30 SEPTEMBER 2017 Editor KONSTANTINOS GEORGIADIS Professor, University of Peloponnese Honorary Dean of the IOA ANCIENT OLYMPIA EPHORIA OF THE INTERNATIONAL OLYMPIC ACADEMY President Isidoros KOUVELOS (HOC Member) Vice-President Michael FYSENTZIDIS (HOC Member) Members Spyros CAPRALOS (HOC President – ex officio member) Emmanuel KOLYMPADIS (HOC Secretary General – ex officio member) Emmanuel KATSIADAKIS (HOC Member) Georgios KARABETSOS (HOC Member) Athanasios KANELLOPOULOS (HOC Member) Efthimios KOTZAS (Mayor, Ancient Olympia) Gordon TANG Honorary President Jacques ROGGE (IOC Honorary President) Honorary Members Pere MIRΟ (Director, Olympic Solidarity, IOC) Makis MATSAS Honorary Dean Konstantinos GEORGIADIS (Professor, University of Peloponnese) 7 IOC CULTURE AND OLYMPIC HERITAGE COMMISSION Chair Ching-Kuo WU Members Valeriy BORZOV Ung CHANG Ivan DIBΟS A�cha GARAD ALI Nat INDRAPANA The Princess Nora of Liechtenstein Samih MOUDALLAL Franco B. ASCANI Roman BABUT Mehrez BOYSSAYENE Ronald BRADSTOCK Maria BULATOVA Spyros CAPRALOS Jacques DE NAVACELLE Beatriz GARCIA Bouchra HAJIJ Lord Hall of Birkenhead Yoshiko HAMAZAKI Isidoros KOUVELOS Admire MASENDA Alicia MASONI De MOREA Norbert M�LLER Tubby REDDY Martin ROTH Klaus SCHORMANN Sylvia SWEENEY David WALLECHINSKY Honorary Chair Lambis V. NIKOLAOU Director in charge Director of Culture and Heritage 8 IOC COMMISSION FOR OLYMPIC EDUCATION Chair Barry MAISTER, ONZM Members Beatrice ALLEN Nita AMBANI Mikaela COJUANGCO JAWORSKI Sam RAMSAMY Paul K. TERGAT Helen BROWNLEE Anastasia DAVYDOVA Gudrun DOLL-TEPPER Filomena FORTES Dionyssis GANGAS Kostas GEORGIADIS Keith JOSEPH Marion KEIM LEES Young Hee LEE Denis MASSEGLIA Vera PEREDERII Laurent PETRYNKA Judy SIMONS, J.P. Jeannette SMALL Luzeng SONG Ryan STOKES Stephan WASSONG Thierry ZINTZ Director in charge Director of Public Affairs and Social Development through Sport 9 CONTENTS Foreword by the Honorary Dean of the International Olympic Academy, Prof. Dr Konstantinos GEORGIADIS ............................................................................................17 STUDENT PAPERS The Olympic Games and physical activity promotion: London 2012 and Rio 2016 Billy GRAEFF (BRA) ........................................................................................................................... 21 The main features of the historical evolution of the Paralympic Movement in the second half of the 20th century Iordanis STAVRIANOS (GRE) ........................................................................................................ 39 Olympic legacy and Olympians Christina Nathalie SMITH (CAN) ................................................................................................... 49 Features of the application of modern motivational concepts in sports practice Natalia SELYUTINA (RUS) ...............................................................................................................66 Olympism as myth. Challenges and achievements of intercultural philosophy Matteo CACCHIARELLI (ITA) .........................................................................................................75 Olympism, joy and the rethinking of “governance” in sport Susannah STEVENS (NZL) .............................................................................................................. 85 Sport Education Model with Olympic Values Education Programme in Physical Education Hseng Zyung NEO (MAS) ..................................................................................................................96 Exercise= Supplements? Ethical dilemmas relating to the sale of supplements in fitness clubs Kaja Renolen HAUGEN (NOR) .................................................................................................... 107 11 24th INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR ON OLYMPIC STUDIES FOR POSTGRADUATE STUDENTS Football injuries caused by impermissible contact in the Olympic Games. Epidemiological study and fair play promotion programme Jos� Oriol SETIEN (ESP) ............................................................................................................... 116 From London 2012 to Rio 2016: Analysis and Comparison of elite sports policies in team and individual sports implemented in the United Kingdom and France to optimize their performances at the Summer Olympic Games Sylvia-Line LAMARO (FRA) ......................................................................................................... 127 The legacies of the Olympic Games: A systematic review and comparison between Summer and Winter Games Anja SCHEU (GER) ......................................................................................................................... 140 The real application of the Olympic principles: The creation of the refugees’ Olympic team at Rßo 2016, and the professional career of a Spanish Olympic sportswoman Marina VÁZQUEZ FERNÁNDEZ (ESP) ................................................................................... 152 The Olympic Games and regional planning: An illustration of the State's management of regions Martin LANOUX (FRA) ................................................................................................................... 161 Analysis of the 1904 Saint Louis Olympics in terms of Olympic philosophy Z�lbiye KACAY (TUR) ...................................................................................................................... 171 The role of volunteers from the perspective of good governance in sport and the Olympic Movement in Croatia: The case of the European Universities Games Zagreb – Rijeka 2016 (EUG2016) Ivana ANICIC (CRO) ....................................................................................................................... 181 International sports organization and state sovereignty. The example of the relationship between FIFA, FECAFOOT and Cameroon Alain Clotaire FEZE (CMR) ........................................................................................................... 191 The performance of Turkey in major sports organizations: An evaluation of the effect of macro-level factors Merve ALTUN EKINCI (TUR) ....................................................................................................... 204 The impact of the imbalance in the proportion of women's sports leaders in Ethiopia's Olympic Movement Teferi ALAMEREW (ETH) .............................................................................................................. 216 12 CONTENTS The race from East to West. How the Federal Republic of Germany and the German Democratic Republic exploited their track athletics at the Olympic Games Sabrina MESZÁROS (GER) ........................................................................................................... 226 Soft power and the Olympics Maciej ADAMCZYK (POL) ............................................................................................................. 236 Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Games: The Best Chance to Promote Chinese Winter Sports Boshu ZHANG (CHN) ..................................................................................................................... 246 The Olympic feat of Nicolas Massu and its impact in shaping the national identity of the Chilean people Javier Alonso MEDINA RAMIREZ (CHI) .................................................................................. 256 The Russian Doping Scandal: A critical comparison of the decisions taken by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) and the International Paralympic Committee (IPC) Annett CHOJNACKI-BENNEMANN (GER) ............................................................................ 267 Understanding inter-agency collaboration in mass gatherings through the case of public health and safety organizations in the 2012 London Olympic Games: Perspectives from key professionals Angeliki BISTARAKI (GRE) ........................................................................................................... 281 The visual communication of the Olympic Movement and mobile internet in China, a case study: Mobile videos of the 2016 Rio Olympic Games Xinghui HE (CHN) ............................................................................................................................ 292 Bids for the 2020 Olympic Games and Sport for Tomorrow Sorachi KASHO (JPN) ..................................................................................................................... 302 Factors influencing top sport achievements in Olympic sport in Latvia Aleksandrs ASTAFICEVS (LAT) ................................................................................................... 313 What factors have influenced the evolution of the Olympic marathon? Gabriel ESPINOSA (BRA) ............................................................................................................