Steam-Valve Theory and Political Efficacy
The Steam-valve Theory: Terrorism and Political Efficacy by Edith Wu B.A. (Honours), Simon Fraser University, 2012 Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in the School of Criminology Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences Edith Wu 2017 SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY Summer 2017 All rights reserved. However, in accordance with the Copyright Act of Canada, this work may be reproduced, without authorization, under the conditions for Fair Dealing. Therefore, limited reproduction of this work for the purposes of private study, research, criticism, review and news reporting is likely to be in accordance with the law, particularly if cited appropriately. Approval Name: Edith Wu Degree: Master of Arts Title of Thesis: The Steam-valve Theory: Terrorism and Political Efficacy Examining Committee: Chair: Martin Andresen Associate Director and Professor Garth Davies Senior Supervisor Associate Professor Martin Bouchard Supervisor Professor André Gerolymatos External Examiner Director and Professor Stavros Niarchos Foundation Centre for Hellenic Studies Simon Fraser University Date Defended /Approved: May 24, 2017 ii Abstract A wealth of literature examines terrorism and its relationship with political participation, often concerning legitimate opportunities to effect political change. Overall, these studies support the notion that a democratic system is an effective bulwark against terrorism. There is, however, a paucity of research that evaluates societal activism from the citizen’s perspective and its effects on political violence. When a disgruntled public lacks proper avenues to be heard and engage meaningfully in the political process, terrorist events may arise. Using data from the Global Terrorism Database, World Values Survey, World Bank, and Freedom House, a multilevel negative binomial analysis is conducted to assess terrorist events in relation to political activism across 18 countries from 1990 to 2012, while considering factors often cited as catalysts for political violence.
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