Weimar Timeline
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Hitler's Speech to the Reichstag, 1 September 1939
Hitler's Speech to the Reichstag, 1 September 1939 ...If I call the Wehrmacht, if I now demand the German people to sacrifice, and if necessary, I demand to sacrifice everything, I have the right to do so. Because I am ready today, as I did in the past, to bring any personal sacrifice, I do not demand of any German man to do anything I was not prepared to do myself for four years. There should be no deprivation in Germany that I will not share. My entire life belongs from this moment on to my people. I want nothing else now than to be the first soldier of the German Reich. I have now put on the same uniform that was once my dearest and holiest. I will only take it off after the victory, or else I will not live to see that end. Should something happen to me in this battle, my first successor will be party member Goering. Should something happen to party member Goering, the next in line will be party member Hess. You would then be bound by blind loyalty to them as Fuehrers , as you were to me. Should something happen to party member Hess, I will enact a law that the senate will then elect the worthiest, i.e. the bravest from their midst. As National Socialist and as a German soldier I am going into this battle with a brave heart. My whole life was nothing but one continuous battle for my people, for its renewal, for Germany. This battle was always backed by the faith in this people. -
Exclave: Politics, Ideology, and Everyday Life in Königsberg-Kaliningrad, 1928-1948
UC Berkeley UC Berkeley Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Exclave: Politics, Ideology, and Everyday Life in Königsberg-Kaliningrad, 1928-1948 Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6r33q03k Author Eaton, Nicole M. Publication Date 2013 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Exclave: Politics, Ideology, and Everyday Life in Königsberg–Kaliningrad, 1928-1948 By Nicole M. Eaton A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Yuri Slezkine, chair Professor John Connelly Professor Victoria Bonnell Fall 2013 Exclave: Politics, Ideology, and Everyday Life in Königsberg–Kaliningrad, 1928-1948 © 2013 By Nicole M. Eaton 1 Abstract Exclave: Politics, Ideology, and Everyday Life in Königsberg-Kaliningrad, 1928-1948 by Nicole M. Eaton Doctor of Philosophy in History University of California, Berkeley Professor Yuri Slezkine, Chair “Exclave: Politics, Ideology, and Everyday Life in Königsberg-Kaliningrad, 1928-1948,” looks at the history of one city in both Hitler’s Germany and Stalin’s Soviet Russia, follow- ing the transformation of Königsberg from an East Prussian city into a Nazi German city, its destruction in the war, and its postwar rebirth as the Soviet Russian city of Kaliningrad. The city is peculiar in the history of Europe as a double exclave, first separated from Germany by the Polish Corridor, later separated from the mainland of Soviet Russia. The dissertation analyzes the ways in which each regime tried to transform the city and its inhabitants, fo- cusing on Nazi and Soviet attempts to reconfigure urban space (the physical and symbolic landscape of the city, its public areas, markets, streets, and buildings); refashion the body (through work, leisure, nutrition, and healthcare); and reconstitute the mind (through vari- ous forms of education and propaganda). -
Uncertainty and Hyperinflation: European Inflation Dynamics After World War I
FEDERAL RESERVE BANK OF SAN FRANCISCO WORKING PAPER SERIES Uncertainty and Hyperinflation: European Inflation Dynamics after World War I Jose A. Lopez Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco Kris James Mitchener Santa Clara University CAGE, CEPR, CES-ifo & NBER June 2018 Working Paper 2018-06 https://www.frbsf.org/economic-research/publications/working-papers/2018/06/ Suggested citation: Lopez, Jose A., Kris James Mitchener. 2018. “Uncertainty and Hyperinflation: European Inflation Dynamics after World War I,” Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco Working Paper 2018-06. https://doi.org/10.24148/wp2018-06 The views in this paper are solely the responsibility of the authors and should not be interpreted as reflecting the views of the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco or the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. Uncertainty and Hyperinflation: European Inflation Dynamics after World War I Jose A. Lopez Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco Kris James Mitchener Santa Clara University CAGE, CEPR, CES-ifo & NBER* May 9, 2018 ABSTRACT. Fiscal deficits, elevated debt-to-GDP ratios, and high inflation rates suggest hyperinflation could have potentially emerged in many European countries after World War I. We demonstrate that economic policy uncertainty was instrumental in pushing a subset of European countries into hyperinflation shortly after the end of the war. Germany, Austria, Poland, and Hungary (GAPH) suffered from frequent uncertainty shocks – and correspondingly high levels of uncertainty – caused by protracted political negotiations over reparations payments, the apportionment of the Austro-Hungarian debt, and border disputes. In contrast, other European countries exhibited lower levels of measured uncertainty between 1919 and 1925, allowing them more capacity with which to implement credible commitments to their fiscal and monetary policies. -
Thuringia Focus
August 2021 Thuringia Focus. Intercord dedicates new R&D center Mühlhausen has long been a produc- tion hub for technical yarns, espe- cially for the automotive industry. Its footprint is now set to grow: A new development center was officially com- missioned on Intercord’s Mühlhausen premises in mid-June. The company en- larged the research department, too. Intercord will conduct tests at the new development center, while customers and suppliers will have an opportuni- ty to perform material testing of their At the laying of the foundation stone for the new building of Carlisle in Waltershausen. Photo: Carlisle own. Intercord’s Managing Director Ra- mazan Yasbay believes the center will provide a comprehensive overview of On the growth track: US investor Carlisle the products and materials that custo- mers want. The CEO described the sale expands operations in Thuringia of the company last October to US- based Beaver Manufacturing Company (BMC) as a “lucky thing” and called the Plastics specialist Carlisle is growing 25 new jobs and increase the Thuringian family-owned company a good choice. and investing around EUR 50 million in site’s total internal area to 17,000 square Electric mobility, too, is an important a new production facility in Waltershau- meters. The company will also buy new issue for Intercord. New engines will sen, Thuringia. The expansion is proof equipment for producing its special wa- mean new requirements for technical positive that Thuringia’s excellent site terproofing membranes. These products fibers. The company and its 90 em- conditions and all-round service make a are a runaway success since they can be ployees appear well prepared. -
When Fear Is Substituted for Reason: European and Western Government Policies Regarding National Security 1789-1919
WHEN FEAR IS SUBSTITUTED FOR REASON: EUROPEAN AND WESTERN GOVERNMENT POLICIES REGARDING NATIONAL SECURITY 1789-1919 Norma Lisa Flores A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate College of Bowling Green State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY December 2012 Committee: Dr. Beth Griech-Polelle, Advisor Dr. Mark Simon Graduate Faculty Representative Dr. Michael Brooks Dr. Geoff Howes Dr. Michael Jakobson © 2012 Norma Lisa Flores All Rights Reserved iii ABSTRACT Dr. Beth Griech-Polelle, Advisor Although the twentieth century is perceived as the era of international wars and revolutions, the basis of these proceedings are actually rooted in the events of the nineteenth century. When anything that challenged the authority of the state – concepts based on enlightenment, immigration, or socialism – were deemed to be a threat to the status quo and immediately eliminated by way of legal restrictions. Once the façade of the Old World was completely severed following the Great War, nations in Europe and throughout the West started to revive various nineteenth century laws in an attempt to suppress the outbreak of radicalism that preceded the 1919 revolutions. What this dissertation offers is an extended understanding of how nineteenth century government policies toward radicalism fostered an environment of increased national security during Germany’s 1919 Spartacist Uprising and the 1919/1920 Palmer Raids in the United States. Using the French Revolution as a starting point, this study allows the reader the opportunity to put events like the 1848 revolutions, the rise of the First and Second Internationals, political fallouts, nineteenth century imperialism, nativism, Social Darwinism, and movements for self-government into a broader historical context. -
Records of the Immigration and Naturalization Service, 1891-1957, Record Group 85 New Orleans, Louisiana Crew Lists of Vessels Arriving at New Orleans, LA, 1910-1945
Records of the Immigration and Naturalization Service, 1891-1957, Record Group 85 New Orleans, Louisiana Crew Lists of Vessels Arriving at New Orleans, LA, 1910-1945. T939. 311 rolls. (~A complete list of rolls has been added.) Roll Volumes Dates 1 1-3 January-June, 1910 2 4-5 July-October, 1910 3 6-7 November, 1910-February, 1911 4 8-9 March-June, 1911 5 10-11 July-October, 1911 6 12-13 November, 1911-February, 1912 7 14-15 March-June, 1912 8 16-17 July-October, 1912 9 18-19 November, 1912-February, 1913 10 20-21 March-June, 1913 11 22-23 July-October, 1913 12 24-25 November, 1913-February, 1914 13 26 March-April, 1914 14 27 May-June, 1914 15 28-29 July-October, 1914 16 30-31 November, 1914-February, 1915 17 32 March-April, 1915 18 33 May-June, 1915 19 34-35 July-October, 1915 20 36-37 November, 1915-February, 1916 21 38-39 March-June, 1916 22 40-41 July-October, 1916 23 42-43 November, 1916-February, 1917 24 44 March-April, 1917 25 45 May-June, 1917 26 46 July-August, 1917 27 47 September-October, 1917 28 48 November-December, 1917 29 49-50 Jan. 1-Mar. 15, 1918 30 51-53 Mar. 16-Apr. 30, 1918 31 56-59 June 1-Aug. 15, 1918 32 60-64 Aug. 16-0ct. 31, 1918 33 65-69 Nov. 1', 1918-Jan. 15, 1919 34 70-73 Jan. 16-Mar. 31, 1919 35 74-77 April-May, 1919 36 78-79 June-July, 1919 37 80-81 August-September, 1919 38 82-83 October-November, 1919 39 84-85 December, 1919-January, 1920 40 86-87 February-March, 1920 41 88-89 April-May, 1920 42 90 June, 1920 43 91 July, 1920 44 92 August, 1920 45 93 September, 1920 46 94 October, 1920 47 95-96 November, 1920 48 97-98 December, 1920 49 99-100 Jan. -
Discrimination and Law in Nazi Germany
Cohen Center for Holocaust and Genocide Studies Name:_______________________________ at Keene State College __________________________________________________________________________________________________ “To Remember…and to Teach.” www.keene.edu/cchgs Student Outline: Destroying Democracy From Within (1933-1938) 1. In the November 1932 elections the Nazis received _______ (%) of the vote. 2. Hitler was named Chancellor of a right-wing coalition government on _________________ _____, __________. 3. Hitler’s greatest fear is that he could be dismissed by President ____________________________. 4. Hitler’s greatest unifier of the many conservatives was fear of the _____________. 5. The Reichstag Fire Decree of February 1933 allowed Hitler to use article _______ to suspend the Reichstag and suspend ________________ ____________ for all Germans. 6. In March 5, 1933 election, the Nazi Party had _________ % of the vote. 7. Concentration camps (KL) emerged from below as camps for “__________________ ________________” prisoners. 8. On March 24, 1933, the _______________ Act gave Hitler power to rule as dictator during the declared “state of emergency.” It was the __________________ Center Party that swayed the vote in Hitler’s favor. 9. Franz Schlegelberger became the State Secretary in the German Ministry of ___________________. He believed that the courts role was to maintain ________________ __________________. He based his rulings on the principle of the ____________________ ___________________ order. He endorsed the Enabling Act because the government, in his view, could act with _______________, ________________, and _____________________. 10. One week after the failed April 1, 1933 Boycott, the Nazis passed the “Law for the Restoration of the Professional _________________ ______________________. The April 11 supplement attempted to legally define “non-Aryan” as someone with a non-Aryan ____________________ or ________________________. -
Energy and Environmental Technologies. Environmental Protection, Resource Efficiency, Green Tech – Key Technologies Made in Thuringia
09/2015 Energy and Environmental Technologies. Environmental protection, resource efficiency, green tech – key technologies made in Thuringia. Thuringian companies are among the world‘s leading providers of state-of-the-art power and environmental technologies: from conventional environmental protection and renewable energies to up-to-date technologies allowing an increase in energy efficiency. Quality made in Thuringia is in big demand, especially in waste Thuringia‘s energy and environmental technology processing, water and wastewater treatment, air pollution con- industry at a glance: trol, revitalization and renewable energies. By working closely > 366 companies with research institutions in these fields, Thuringia‘s companies > 5 research institutes can fully exploit their potential for growth. > 7 universities > leading engineering service providers in disciplines Proportion of companies such as industrial plant construction, hydrogeology, environmental geology and utilities (Source: In-house calculations according to LEG Industry/Technology Information Service, > market and technology leaders such as ENERCON, July 2013, N = 366 companies, multiple choices possible) Siemens and Vattenfall Seize the opportunities that our region offers. Benefit from a prime location in Europe’s heartland, highly skilled workers and a world-class research infrastructure. We provide full-service support for any investment project – from site search to project implementation and future expansions. Please contact us. www.invest-in-thuringia.de/en/top-industries/ environmental-technologies/ Skilled specialists – the keystone of success. Thuringia invests in the training and professional development of skilled workers so that your company can develop green, energy-efficient solutions for tomorrow. This maintains the competitiveness of Thuringian companies in these times of global climate change. -
Ordinances—1932
Australian Capital Territory Ordinances—1932 A chronological listing of ordinances notified in 1932 [includes ordinances 1932 Nos 1-26] Ordinances—1932 1 Motor Traffic Ordinance 1932 (repealed) repealed by Ord1936-45 notified 28 January 1932 (Cwlth Gaz 1932 No 10) s 2 (1) commenced 28 January 1932 (see Seat of Government 29 October 1936 (Administration) Act 1910 (Cwlth), s 12) 2 Auctioneers Ordinance 1932 (repealed) repealed by Ord1959-2 notified 28 January 1932 (Cwlth Gaz 1932 No 10) sch 1 commenced 28 January 1932 (see Seat of Government 25 March 1959 (Administration) Act 1910 (Cwlth), s 12) 3 * City of Canberra Arms Ordinance 1932 notified 11 February 1932 (Cwlth Gaz 1932 No 13) commenced 11 February 1932 (see Seat of Government (Administration) Act 1910 (Cwlth), s 12) 4 Canberra University College Ordinance 1932 (repealed) repealed by Ord1953-8 s 3 notified 11 February 1932 (Cwlth Gaz 1932 No 13) 1 July 1954 commenced 11 February 1932 (see Seat of Government (Administration) Act 1910 (Cwlth), s 12) 5 * Dentists Registration Ordinance 1932 (repealed) repealed by A2000-80 notified 18 February 1932 (Cwlth Gaz 1932 No 15) sch 4 commenced 18 February 1932 (see Seat of Government 21 December 2000 (Administration) Act 1910 (Cwlth), s 12) 6 * Church Lands Leases Ordinance 1932 (repealed) repealed by A1991-118 notified 25 February 1932 (Cwlth Gaz 1932 No 17) sch 2 commenced 25 February 1932 (see Seat of Government 2 April 1992 (Administration) Act 1910 (Cwlth), s 12) 7 * Leases (Special Purposes) Ordinance 1932 (repealed) repealed by A1991-118 -
The Egyptian, October 16, 1923
Southern Illinois University Carbondale OpenSIUC October 1923 Daily Egyptian 1923 10-16-1923 The gE yptian, October 16, 1923 Egyptian Staff Follow this and additional works at: http://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/de_October1923 Volume 4, Issue 3 Recommended Citation Egyptian Staff, "The gE yptian, October 16, 1923" (1923). October 1923. Paper 3. http://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/de_October1923/3 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Daily Egyptian 1923 at OpenSIUC. It has been accepted for inclusion in October 1923 by an authorized administrator of OpenSIUC. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Read by Four Thousand Students, Faculty and Friends of the 'School Volume IV Carbondale, Illinois, October 16. 1923 Number J f~ ..... : wIth 'hard work. He Md'the advantage ot the public s~hoor" 01 hi~' day and attended the "Oak Grove" school. He also at· tended ui'e Higbland schOOl whete he prepared fOr oollege. I~ 1864 he and bls brother" George, entered McKenliree Chllege aM' roomeli In' tlIe hlCime of Professor ,neneen, tbe father of Ex!.Governar Charles S. Deneen. Yonng Deneen and youug Parkinson were play:mate friends anil the youthful ties which were formed In those days we~e strengthened as the two youth1l grew' olde~ until tbey rlpeneli Into a fMendehip whidb bas lasteh even unto death. Dr. Parkinson graduatea from McKeddree College while Dr. Robert Allyn was 'president of the 'ooilege, Here I'.notllElr acquaintance grew into respect and love and warm affection. FOllowIng graduation Dr. PiI!rkiDsoD began teaching, beginning at Carmi He later became a member of tbe faculty of Jennings Seminary, Aurora, IIlfllols. -
University Archives Inventory
University Archives Inventory Record Group Number: UR001.03 Title: Burney Lynch Parkinson Presidential Records Date: 1926-1969 Bulk Date: 1932-1952 Extent: 42 boxes Creator: Burney Lynch Parkinson Administrative/Biographical Notes: Burney Lynch Parkinson (1887-1972) was an educator from Lincoln, Tennessee. He received his B.S. from Erskine College in 1909, and rose up the administrative ranks from English teacher in Laurens, South Carolina public schools. He received his M.A. from Peabody College in 1920, and Ph.D. from Peabody in 1926, after which he became president of Presbyterian College in Clinton, SC in 1927. He was employed as Director of Teacher Training, Certification, and Elementary Education at the Alabama Dept. of Education just before coming to MSCW to become president in 1932. In December 1932, the university was re-accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools, ending the crisis brought on the purge of faculty under Governor Theodore Bilbo, but appropriations to the university were cut by 54 percent, and faculty and staff were reduced by 33 percent, as enrollment had declined from 1410 in 1929 to 804 in 1932. Parkinson authorized a study of MSCW by Peabody college, ultimately pursuing its recommendations to focus on liberal arts at the cost of its traditional role in industrial, vocational, and technical education. Building projects were kept to a minimum during the Parkinson years. Old Main was restored and named for Mary Calloway in 1938. Franklin Hall was converted to a dorm, and the Whitfield Gymnasium into a student center with the Golden Goose Tearoom inside. Parkinson Hall was constructed in 1951 and named for Dr. -
Review of Economic Conditions, 1924-1933
This PDF is a selection from an out-of-print volume from the National Bureau of Economic Research Volume Title: German Business Cycles, 1924-1933 Volume Author/Editor: Carl T. Schmidt Volume Publisher: NBER Volume ISBN: 0-87014-024-8 Volume URL: http://www.nber.org/books/schm34-1 Publication Date: 1934 Chapter Title: Review of Economic Conditions, 1924-1933 Chapter Author: Carl T. Schmidt Chapter URL: http://www.nber.org/chapters/c4934 Chapter pages in book: (p. 25 - 114) CHAPTER TWO REVIEW OF ECONOMIC CONDITIONS, 1924—1933 A. The Course of the Post-Inflation Business Cycles 1.DEPRESSION,HALTING REVIVAL, DEFINITE RECOVERY, 1924-1925 Thestabilization of German currency tore aside the dense veil of paper marks that had obscured the Various business journals, monographs and official reports constitute the source for the materials presented in Part A. Particularly suggestive were Reports of the Agent General for Reparation Payments, 1925—30 (Berlin,1925—30); James W. Angell, The Recovery of Germany; Institut für Konjunkturforschung, Vierteljahrshefte zur Konjunkturforschung, \'ols. '—7 (Reimar Hobbing, Berlin, 1926—32); Fritz Naphtaii, Abbau und Aufbau: Rückblick auf das Wirtschaftsjahr 1925 So- cietats-Druckerei, Frankfurt a.M., 1926); Reichskreditgesellschaft, A-G., Germany's Economic Development, semi-annual analyses, 1926—32 (Ber- lin, 1926—32); C. L. Roedler, Grundzuge der deutschen K,onjunhturbeweg- ung, 1920—25(Frankfurta.M., 1926); Erich Welter, Wachstum: Die deutsche Wirtschaft im Jahre 1927; and Stockung: Die Wirt- schaft im Jahre 1929(FrankfurterSocietäts-Druckerei, Frankfurt a.M., 1928 and 1930); also Dreifache Krise... (Societäts-Verlag,Frankfurt a.M., 1931). 25] features of German economy.