Abstracts of Papers

13th ICID International Drainage Workshop Ahwaz, , 4-7 March 2017

Drainage and Environmental Sustainability

International Commission on Irrigation and Drainage (ICID) Iranian National Committee on Irrigation and Drainage (IRNCID) Organized by:

International Iranian Khuzestan Khuzestan Iran water Islamic Commission National Regional Water and Resources Republic on Irrigation and Committee Committee Power Management of Iran Drainage on Irrigation & on Irrigation & Authority Company Ministry Drainage Drainage of Energy

Hosted by:

Khuzestan Water and Power The International Commission on Irrigation Authority and Drainage (ICID), established in 1950 is the leading scientific, technical and not-for-profit Non-Governmental Organization (NGO). ICID, through its network of professionals spread across more than a hundred countries, has facilitated sharing of experiences and transfer of water management technology for over half- a-century. ICID supports capacity development, stimulates research and innovation and strives to promote policies and programs to enhance sustainable development of irrigated agriculture through a comprehensive water management framework.

ISBN:976-600-96875-1-0 Contents - (xv)

(xii) (xiv) ...... 9 ...... 4 ...... 14 (x, xi) ...... 3 ...... 4-7 March 2017 4-7 March Abstracts of the Abstracts Ahwaz, Iran, Ahwaz, Iran, ICID International Drainage Workshop Drainage ICID International th ......

13 ...... Table of Contents Table Topic 1: Measures to Lower Volume of Drainage Water Drainage of 1: Measures to Lower Volume Topic ICID International Drainage Workshop, 2017 Workshop, Drainage ICID International th Effects of climate change on surface drainage (case study: Ilam Dam Watershed) Dam of climate change on surface drainage (case study: Ilam Effects Sepehr Dalilsafaee, Bahman Moshtaghi, Mohammad Hossein Niksokhan Effects of agricultural drain water consumption on the growth of Juvenile date of Juvenile growth on the consumption water drain of agricultural Effects ...... 13 palm Abd Ali Alihouri, Majid Naseri Willem F. Vlotman F. Willem Bart Schultz Beyond modern land drainage...... 10 lometery and COSMOS technologies...... 7 COSMOS and lometery Ragab Ragab in a sustainable environment Agricultural water management and food security Ali Madani Improving irrigation and drainage efficiency using Eddy Covariance, Scintil Transport of viruses and colloids in partially-saturated soil and groundwater... of viruses and colloids in partially-saturated Transport Zhang Qiulan, Jack Schijven Seyed Majid Hassanizadeh, Gholamreza Sadeghi, 6 ...... benefits quality water and production crop for management Drainage Study: irrigation and drainage project in Iran) project and drainage irrigation Study: Ramhormoz Al-e-Tayeb Akram, Saeed Pourshahidi, Jafar Kamran Emami, Mojtaba 13 Keynotes (Case design in Irrigation and drainage projects for unbiased Engineering Value Welcome Foreword International Workshop Drainage Controlled sub-surface drainage as a strategy for improved water management in irrigated agriculture of Uzbekistan ...... 16 Victor Dukhovny, Shavkat Kenjabaev, Shavkat Yakubov, Gulomjon Umirzakov

Drainage water management by fuzzy analytical hierarchy process model for the decline of drainage water volume ...... 18 Mahboobe Ghasemi, Abdolrahim Hooshmand, Abd Ali Naseri, Gholamhosein Heidar pour, Masoud Sayedipour

The tendency of drainage runoff in climate change context...... 20 Otilija Miseckaite, Alexander A. Volchak

The effect of climate change on the quantity and quality of agricultural runoff (case study: Golgol River Basin)...... 21 Bahman Moshtaghi, Sepehr Dalilsafaee, Mohammad Hossein Niksokhan

Topic 2: Measures to Improve Drainage Water Quality

Modeling Nitrate-N leaching in no-till fields with DRAINMOD-N II...... 25 Seyyed Ebrahim Hashemi Garmdareh, Raheleh Malekian, Ali Madani, Robert Gordon

Impact of drainage effluents on groundwater quality- a case study from Lahore Pakistan...... 26 Ghulam Zakir Hassan, Faiz Raza Hassan, Saleem Akhtar

Identifying and determining pollution load of agricultural pollutants in the catchment basin of and Dez Rivers...... 28 N. Hosseini-zare, N. Shahinzadeh, D. Bahmaei

Application of bio-drainage systems for the sustainable and optimal use of irrigated lands and the prevention of the salinity and over-drainage of arable land...... 30 Mehdi Khajeh Poor, Sara Khoramzadeh

Assessing sensitivity of paddy rice to climate change in South Korea...... 32 Soojin Kim, Seungjong Bae, Sorae Kim, Seung-Hwan Yoo, Syewoon Hwang, Min-Won Jang

Modeling the impact of drainage design parameters on the amount of nitrogen losses in tile-drainage systems: a case study from Southwest Iran...... 34 Mohammad Mehdi Matinzadeh, Jahangir Abedi Koupai, Adnan Sadeghi-Lari, Hamed Nozari, Mohammad Shayannejad Contents ...... 36 Environment Topic 3: Adaption of New Design Criteria in Favor of the Design Criteria in Adaption of New 3: Topic Rainfall frequency analysis for land drainage criteria in Bihar - A case study...... 55 case A - Bihar in criteria drainage land for analysis frequency Rainfall Ashutosh Upadhyaya Lal Bahadur Roy, water productivity...... 54 Masoud Noshadi, Samaneh Karimi Abdullah Suat Nacar, Veli Degirmenci, Idris Bahceci, Meral Tas, Oner Cetin, Oner Cetin, Tas, Meral Idris Bahceci, Degirmenci, Veli Abdullah Suat Nacar, M. Sami Nacar Erdem, Ramazan Huseyin Gungor, on yield and drainage levels of nitrogen and controlled Assessment of different The effects of different drain spacing and depths on water table level and soil and level table water on depths and spacing drain different of effects The salinity in Harran Plain of ...... 52 Hyuntai Kim, Donguk Seo, Jeonyong Ryu 50 roofs.. green extensive for mix substrate a in material absorbing super of Potential Farhad Misaghi, Zeinab Bigdeli, Masoud Saeedi Kang reclaimed system in the and drainage irrigation subsurface Non-excavation crop...... 48 field upland with cultivated be to lowland Effects of controlled drainage on non-point source discharge from paddy rice source discharge on non-point drainage of controlled Effects in Korea...... 46 Moon Seong Jang, Kyeung Kim, Jung Hun Song, Inhong Song, Jeong Ryeol Upscaling hydraulic conductivity in soils: Techniques from statistical physics...... 45 statistical from Techniques soils: in conductivity hydraulic Upscaling Behzad Ghanbarian Shallow subsurface drainage in paddy fields: Environmental consequences and crop responses analysis...... 43 Abdullah Darzi-Naftchali Comparison of the benefit for applying shallow drainage method of food crops and the reclaimed lowlands in Jambi-Indonesia...... 41deep drainage of tree at Abdillah M. R. A. Sudirman, E. Saleh, Susanto, I. Iskandar, Aswandi, Robiyanto H. Effects of vegetative buffers on sediment and its associated pollutants transport on sediment and its associated pollutants buffers of vegetative Effects deposition...... 39 and Ghadiri Hossein Yu, Akram, Bofu Sina Reconstruction of reclamated areas drained by pipe draining systems draining by pipe drained areas of reclamated Reconstruction G. Yanko Yuri Polder drainage system to mitigate vulnerable ecosystem of coastal Bangladesh... 56 Subrota Saha, Satchidananda Biswas

Estimating soil hydraulic and solute transport parameters in subsurface drainage systems using inverse modeling approach ...... 58 Amir Sedaghatdoost, Hamed Ebrahimian, Abdolmajid Liaghat

The impact of reducing sub drain depth on estimated drainage coefficient and salinity of drainage water...... 60 Vorya Soufiahmadi, Mahdi Ghobadinia, Ahmad Dehghan

Egypt’s four decades of experience with agricultural drainage and future requirements...... 62 M. A. S. Wahba, M. H. Amer

Topic 4: Application of Alternative Drainage Methods

Soil salinity control under barley cultivation using a laboratory dry drainage model...... 67 Shahab Ansari, Behrouz Mostafazadeh-Fard, Jahangir Abedi Koupai

In-stream wetland as a potential low cost treatment technology in rural areas...... 69 Ashraf El Sayed Ismail

Environmental capabilities and constraints of haloculture: Alternative strategy to use saline waters in marginal lands...... 71 Farhad Khorsandi

A study on capillary rise in controlled drainage system and its comparison with UPFLOW model...... 73 Arash Mohammadbeigi, Farhad Mirzaei, Negin Ashraf

Inversion of peat soil: An alternative drainage method?...... 74 Synnøve Rivedal, Samson Øpstad, Sissel Hansen, Trond Børresen, Sverre Heggset, Torbjørn Haukås, Peter Dörsch, Johannes Deelstra

Biodrainage: An alternate drainage system to manage waterlogging and salinity....76 Gurbachan Singh, K. Lal

Simulation of water flow and salt transport in dry drainage with HYDRUS-2D...... 78 Masoud Soltani, Abbas Sotoodehnia, Mojtaba Akram, Saeid Sotoodehnia, Masoud Zanjani, Habib Karimi, Ahmad Doosti Contents .....94 Robiyanto H. Susanto , Iwan Nusyirwan Robiyanto H. Susanto Topic 5: Irrigation and Drainage Management and Drainage 5: Irrigation Topic Experimental performance evaluation of three drainage methods for preparation of three drainage performance evaluation Experimental in paddy soils...... 99 of second cultivation Abdolmajid Liaghat, Hamed Ebrahimian Amirreza Rahimi, Fluctuating water table quantification usingof Indonesia...... 98 lowlands reclaimed the at SEW-40) and saturated(SEW-20 excess water concept Ngudiantoro, for crop production and lands sustainability in arid and semi-arid areas...... 96 semi-arid and arid in sustainability lands and production crop for Abdol Rahim Hooshmand Ali Heydar Nasrollahi, Saeed Boroomand Nasab, Water supply system and the sustainability of smallholder irrigation in Zimbabwe Water Atlhopheng Julius R. Solomon Mutambara, Michael B. K. Darkoh, water with drip irrigation drainage practices using of agricultural Management Climate change resilient water management measures in agriculture in Finland...... 92Climate change resilient water management measures Elsi Kauppinen, Markku Puustinen projects (Case study: )...... 90 projects Hamid Sadeghi, Behnam Hojati, Behzad Tavakolian, Farokh Iman Javadzarin, Mohammadloo Ghareh Reza growth for developing drainage planing at tidal lowland agriculture...... 89 growth for developing Armanto, Momon Sodik Imanudin, M. E and drainage Sensing (TRS) in irrigation Remote Thermal of role Important Pachepsky at initial under shallow water table crop response The study of watermelon Shallow groundwater drainage and its water quality from protected farming in farming drainage and its water quality from protected Shallow groundwater Korea...... 87 A. Yakov Yoo, Seung-Hwan Nam, Won-Ho Choic, Eun-Mi Hong, Jin-Yong Operation and management practices of drainage agriculture under the lowland under the lowland practices of drainage agriculture Operation and management Indonesia...... 85 in areas A. Gany A. Hafied. Drainage system in irrigated sector key for better water management gezira management water sector key for better system in irrigated Drainage scheme – Sudan...... 83 Ahmed Abu Obieda B. Ahmed, M. Mufadal E. Proposals to direct agricultural drainage water management in the (Karun-Dez River area) into a sustainable and integrative direction for present and future scenarios...... 101 Frank Riesbeck, Simon Dupree, Md Zillur Rahman, Hamid Reza Kkodabakhshi, Arash Mahjoubi

A conceptual framework of Khuzestan Integrated Water Resource Management (KIWRM) for the best of sustainable agricultural and socio-economic development (Case of Khuzestan Province, Iran)...... 103 Frank Riesbeck, Md Zillur Rahman, Simon Dupree, Hamid Reza Kkodabakhshi, Arash Mahjoubi

Drainage water management plan of the South West Khuzestan, Iran...... 105 Majid Sharifipour, Mahmud Hajishah, Arash Mahjoubi, Mohsen Zarshenas

Water management and farming system technologies within the Indonesian reclaimed lowlands for food security of the nation...... 107 Robiyanto H. Susanto, Adang Saf Ahmad , Ngudiantoro, Jarot Widiatmoko

Simulation study on the performance of an improved subsurface drainage system...... 109 Yuan Tao, Shaoli Wang, Di Xu

The effect of canal water retention on the fluctuating water table at the reclaimed lowlands farm at Tanjung Lago, Banyuasin, South Sumatera...... 111 Warsito, Robiyanto H. Susanto, Edward Saleh, Novia Sumardi

Topic 6: Drainage Special Issues

The effect of long term tidal irrigation and drainage on formation of impermeable layer (case study: Abadan Island, Khuzestan, Iran)...... 115 Shahram Ashrafi, Fouad Tajik, Mojtaba Akram

A new drain pipe-envelope concept for subsurface drainage systems in irrigated agriculture...... 117 İdris Bahçeci, Abdullah Suat Nacar, Lui Topalhasan, Ali Fuat Tari, Henk Ritzema

Closed drainage on heavy soil: Theory and practice in Russia...... 119 I. G. Bondrik, G. G. Guluyk

Drainage system design for coastal power plant: Optimization of limited resources....120 Chawalit Chanamai, Narin Phaowanich Modeling storm water management for water sensitive urban design using SUSTAIN...122 Sattar Chavoshi, David Pezzaniti, Baden Myers, Ashok K. Sharma

Sustainable urban drainage (SUD) and new urban agenda (NUA)...... 124 Andre Dzikus, Pireh Otieno, Kulwant Singh Contents

Trenchless technology for execution of drainage system for ta Prohm Temple Complex, Siem Reap, Cambodia...... 126 R. K. Gupta, R. K. Agrawal

Application of HYDRUS-2D for predicting the influence of subsurface drainage on soil water dynamics in a rainfed-canola cropping system...... 128 Fatemeh Karandish, Abdullah Darzi-Naftchali, Jiří Šimůnek

Evaluation and comparison of locally manufactured PP450 synthetic envelopes for complex clay soils of North and South Khuzestan (Iran)...... 130 Heydar Ali Kashkuli, Mina Afshari, Narges Zohrabi

Investigation the methods to assess of impermeable layer depth in the tidal lands of Minushahr...... 131 Abd Ali Naseri, Amir Ebrahim Yussefpour, Rahim Mohammadzadeh, Hamidreza Gharehmohammadloo, Behzad Hojati, Ramin Niknam, Amin Rafienia

Determining an appropriate synthetic envelope for a saline soil and evaluating drainage water quality by means of one direction permeability test and cyclic flow (case study: , Khuzestan)...... 133 Azita Ramezani, Alireza Hassanoghli, Seyed Majid Mirlatifi

Application and efficiency of different drainage types on irrigated land in Ukraine....135 D. Savchuk, O. Babitska, O. Kharlamov

Groundwater mapping with geostatistical methods: The case of Manisa Salihli...... 137 Yusuf Ersoyu Yildirim, İsmail Taş, Belgin Cakmak, Murat Tekiner

Organizing Committees ...... 140 International Review Team ...... 143 Authors Index...... 147 x Abstracts of Papers 13 th Wishing you averypleasantandmemorablestay. Islamic RepublicofIranParliament. meetings IhavewiththeCommission on Agriculture, Water andEnvironment ofthe intend to submit the outcomes of this international event in the fourth coming official I least, not but Last event. fabulous this of results fruitful the reviewing to forward Iwouldencourageyourparticipation, appreciateyourkindcooperationandlook modern years. tovisit opportunity the find will drainage networksandenjoytheancienthydraulicstructuresdatingback toover3000 workshop the of participants the hope I facilities. treatment water with accompanied B.C. 1250 around built complex ancient ancient uniquehydraulicstructuresintheregionsuchasChoghaZanbil Ziggurat,an many are there addition, In Khuzestan. in is country the of area drained of percent 60 Worth notingthat,KhuzestanprovinceisthebirthplaceofdrainageinIran. About IRNCID andhostedbyKhuzestan Water andPower Authority (KWPA). in , withitspleasantweatheratthistimeoftheyear. This eventisorganized by 2014. Nowweareinthestageofhosting13 The Netherlandsin1978,andthelastonewasheldSt.Petersburg, Russia,June countries. The first International Drainage Conference (IDW) was held in Wageningen, once everytwoyearsholdsinternationaldrainageconferencesinoneofthemember As weareallaware,theInternationalCommissiononIrrigationandDrainage(ICID) environmental sustainability to due consideration with agriculture environmental aspectsofdrainageandpromotionmanagementfor efficient and better towards solutions and of drainagetobefurtherinvestigatedwiththeaimcomingupnewapproaches findings latest the and experiences technologies, the together bring to world the over Indeed theeventisavaluableopportunityfordrainagescholarsandexpertsfromall hubs ofIran. city of Ahwaz, in Khuzestan Province as one of the main agricultural and economic International Drainage Workshop (13 from various countries around theworld,I am very pleased to inform you that the13 Having the honor to welcome all respectful delegates and accompanying persons Dear Participants, ICID InternationalDrainage ICID Workshop, Ahwaz, Iran,4-7March 2017 th IDW) is currently being held in the beautiful IDW) iscurrentlybeingheldinthebeautiful and ChairmanofIRNCID WastewaterWaterand Affairs Deputy Minister ofEnergyfor Rahim Meydani th InternationalDrainage Workshop th th Welcome

Abstracts of Papers xi century B.C. th M. R. Shamsaei Director Chairman and Managing Authority and Power Water Khuzestan International Drainage Workshop (13IDW) which Workshop Drainage International th ICID International Drainage Workshop, Ahwaz, Iran, 4-7 March 2017 4-7 March Iran, Ahwaz, Workshop, ICID Drainage International developments, adapting new design criteria, followed by finding the best will do our best to We in favor of the environment. managements practice stay and a memorable participants to provide all the opportunities all take workshop. successful a in Khuzestan including Choqazanbil, the only remnant of an ancient city the only remnant of an ancient in Khuzestan including Choqazanbil, miss should not You 1300 BC. in approximately was constructed that of a masterpiece system, hydraulic historical to visit chance the creative genius be traced back to Darius the Great in the 5 to be familiar chance the workshop provides you with I hope that the network drainage and irrigation in years of experience KWPA’s with subsurface drainage system in the 1970s. These developments shows the These developments system in the 1970s. subsurface drainage historic significant of the development of drainage systems in the south western Iran. tours in the technical the with familiar being sure that quite I am worthy cultural and tourist most interesting with the along province, moments of your stay in Iran. During the tours brings you unforgettable structures hydraulic unique historical visiting enjoy workshop, you may ethnic groups in years. Double cropping is possible here in Khuzestan in here is possible cropping Double years. groups in ethnic a unique characteristic winters, province having two summers and mild are salt affected Among other characteristics throughout the country. The Shavoor open drainage facilities. drainage heavy soils requiring system was constructed back in 1956 followed by the development first the as Tappeh Haft of of hectares 12,000 covering plantation sugarcane On behalf of the Khuzestan Water and Power Authority (KWPA), I (KWPA), Authority and Power Water Khuzestan of the On behalf experts to welcome all researchers, scholars and have the pleasure to in the 13 participate soil and climatic in water, Ahwaz, Iran. Unique capacities will be held in different to place an attractive plain Khuzestan has made conditions th 13 xii Abstracts of Papers 13 th Measures toimprovedrainage waterquality;(iii) Adoption ofnew will focuson(i)Measuresto lowervolumeofdrainagewater;(ii) theme of “Drainage and Environmental Sustainability” the Workshop Workshop, IDW 13,in Ahwaz, Iran4-7March2017.Underthe Authority (KWPA) is organizing the 13 Drainage (IRNCID) andhostedbyKhuzestan Water and Power assisted bytheIranianNationalCommitteeonIrrigation and ICID throughits Working GrouponSustainableDrainageand integrated landandwaterresourcesmanagementapproaches. drainage of agricultural land is essential and considered as a part of salinity andhencetomaintainorimprovethelandproductivity, negative impactsofirrigationpracticessuchaswaterlogging and consequences whichshouldbemanagedappropriately. To minimize However, irrigation development inhereadverse environmental to meettheirfoodsecuritychallenges. be the mainpotentialoptions,particularlyfordevelopingcountries, by innovationintechnologyandirrigationrevitalizationappearto endeavor. Higheryieldsandexpansionofirrigatedareasupported expected toplaythemajorroleinthisambitiousgoalandglobal countries doublesoverthenext30years.Irrigatedagricultureis where 2050 year the this target wouldbeachievedifsuchenhancementindeveloping by production food world in increase 60% concerns fortheyearstocome. The growingdemandonfoodrequires Water andfoodsecuritywillcontinuetoremainasthemainglobal ICID InternationalDrainage ICID Workshop, Ahwaz, Iran,4-7March 2017 President, ICID Dr. SaeedNairizi th International Drainage Foreword Abstracts of Papers xiii ICID International Drainage Workshop, Ahwaz, Iran, 4-7 March 2017 4-7 March Iran, Ahwaz, Workshop, ICID Drainage International th event. I am quite confident that we will all benefitexhibition. the in presented and products methods from the innovative important this during person in all you meeting to forward look I A fabulous exhibition is also being organized during these days exhibition is also being organized fabulous A with the attendance of around 25 companies demonstrating their products, activities and achievements in the field on Drainage. and several side lectures in different universities such as “Role of and several side lectures in different Challenges for the Future”Drainage in a Historical Perspective and of this international event. and many more are amongst the programs Methods” and “Water Reuse” along with the second management Reuse” along Methods” and “Water Program on Irrigation andboard of ICID-International Research Node (IRPID- RN- I)Drainage (ICID-IRPID) - Iran Regional The workshop program also consists of several side events andThe workshop program also consists technical tours which definitely attract the participants with a variety on “Alternative Drainageof tastes. For instance two round tables academician, scientists, and drainage system managers from academician, countries who are interested in sharing their experiences different deliberations. and being engaged in various technical alternative drainage methods. alternative of the host to expect a large I am delighted to see the enthusiasm number of participants consisting of decision makers and officials, design criteria in favour of the environment; and (iv) Application of of the environment; and (iv) design criteria in favour 13 xiv Abstracts of Papers 13 International Drainage WorkshopInternational will be held during the The upcomingconventionisthe13 held in 1978, and ever since, it has takenplacein one of the member countries. The professional workshops includes, the International Drainage Workshop drainage duringitsactiveyears. and professionalconventionsonvarioustopicsrelatedtoirrigation The International Commission on Irrigation and Drainage has held technical th 10 12 11 5 6 7 8 2 3 ICID InternationalDrainage ICID Workshop, Ahwaz, Iran,4-7March 2017 1 4 9 th th th th nd rd st th th th th th IDW IDW IDW IDW IDW IDW IDW IDW IDW IDW IDW IDW

Helsinki, Finland/ Tallinn,Helsinki, Wageningen, Netherlands Utrecht, The Netherlands Utrecht, The Columbus, Ohio,USA St. Petersburg, Russia Ljubljana, Slovenia Washington, USA Penang, Malaysia New Delhi,India Lahore, Pakistan Cairo, Egypt Cairo, Egypt 4-7 Estonia Previous Workshops March 2017, th International Drainage Workshop, which Ahwaz, Iran January -4February2000 November 1997 February 1990 September 2003 September 2012 December 1982 February 1992 April 1996 May 1978 June 2014 . December 1987 July 2008

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15 – 21

12 10-13 23-27 – 16 – 21 – – 23 8 17 5

31 Abstracts of Papers xv ICID INTERNATIONAL DRAINAGE WORKSHOP DRAINAGE ICID INTERNATIONAL th ICID International Drainage Workshop, Ahwaz, Iran, 4-7 March 2017 4-7 March Iran, Ahwaz, Workshop, ICID Drainage International 13 th • Topic 3: Adaption of new design criteria in favor of the environment; 3: Topic • Application of alternative drainage methods. 4: Topic • Hence, the workshop considers following topics: 1: Measures to improve drainage water quality; Topic • 2: Measures to lower volume of drainage water. Topic • cultivated strips without using any artificial drainage system. This method could be to some extent sustainable since it hasassumed rather environmentally friendly and been practiced for a long time. could be irrigated with their available water. They have divided their land in parallel could be irrigated with their available water. The remaining uncultivated strips are the sinks strips and cultivate in every other one. ground water evaporates and the saltof salts and drainage water in which the shallow they drain their land and get rid of severe soil salinity in concentrates. In this way, Iran, for instance, we found by chance that in Gamsar, in the margin of Dasht-e-Kavir, of Dasht-e-Kavir, in the margin Iran, for instance, we found by chance that in Gamsar, They are farmers traditionally practice dry drainage. the main desert of the country, theywhat than more are lands Their water. quality poor and table water shallow facing Alternative methods of drainage, such as bio drainage, dry drainage and controlledAlternative methods of drainage, such as bio it seems that methods. However, drainage, in some cases can replace conventional researches, we would expect aAfter carrying out more local researches are required. by practicing alternative methods. Inreduction in drainage environmental problems In recent years few arid and semi- arid countries (like Iran) started to reduce their drainIn recent years few arid and semi- arid countries over as well as drainage over prevent to order in meters 1.5 nearly to 2.0 about from depths standards and it seems more research will be required to reach to new pollution. However, and environmental issues.design criteria leading to optimize technical, economic In addition, due to the higher salinity of ground water in deeper soils, if drains are installed salinity of ground water in deeper soils, if drains In addition, due to the higher deeper, more saline drainage water flows from the deeper strata. Since there is no need drains might be more suitable.to drain soils much deeper than the root zone, shallower diverted from the river for irrigation, flows back into the same river through the drains. the through river same the into back flows irrigation, for river the from diverted also its volume the drainage water is of poor quality; but This indicates that not only in some other countries, especially in aridThere are similar problems is above normal. and semi-arid regions. the drainage water. This has caused a lot of environmental, health and social problemsThis has caused a lot of environmental, the drainage water. in for example, increases from 1 dS/m River water salinity, in downstream. Karun waterof percent 40 nearly because is This area. downstream the in dS/m 4 to upstream Obviously, if drainage is not properly designed, implemented and managed it couldis not properly designed, if drainage Obviously, toof drainage damaging impacts Recently damage. for environmental a factor become are very much considered in the world. pollution of water resources receivetime same the at and water irrigation supply rivers the cases, most in Iran, In The theme of the workshop will be drainage from the viewpoint of environment.be drainage from the of the workshop will The theme 13 THEME: Drainage and Environmental Sustainability Drainage and Environmental THEME: xvi Abstracts of Papers Abstracts of Papers 1 Keynotes

Keynote Speeches

Abstracts of Papers 3 2 2 , Jafar Al-e-Tayeb , Jafar Al-e-Tayeb 2 , Akram Mojtaba 1 Kamran Emami Saeed Pourshahidi in Irrigation and drainage projects in Irrigation and Value Engineering for unbiased design unbiased for Engineering Value (Case Study: Ramhormoz irrigation and drainage project in Iran) irrigation and drainage project (Case Study: Ramhormoz ICID International Drainage Workshop, Ahwaz, Iran, 4-7 March 2017 4-7 March Iran, Ahwaz, Workshop, ICID Drainage International th Chair,Task force on value engineering for saving in irrigation and flood projects Chair,Task KuritKara Consulting Engineers 13 1 2 and compares the benefits of the proposals to the base case specifications. included 2 proposals on changing the orientation and geometry of drainage and geometry the orientation 2 proposals on changing included 3.2 million about be to was estimated savings by the client approved The laterals. The proposals would also improve the schedule of USD (16% of the total cost). study engineering value the of procedure the describes paper This project. the shorten the delivery time, while considering their impacts on the project’s overall overall on the project’s time, while considering their impacts shorten the delivery is medium project Ramhormoz The factors. applicable and other cost life-cycle size 5500 hectares on-farm project located in Khuzestan province in southwest in 2014 by the contractor Change proposal submitted Engineering Value of Iran. proposals made by construction contractors during the course of construction proposals made by construction contractors improve proposals may These in the contract. clause engineering under a value costs, or construction lower quality, and/or value performance, project’s the based on the synergy and creativity of an independent team. The independence The team. independent of an creativity and synergy on the based and bias in the design and would reduce of the team and outside perspective consequently would result in saving and enhanced benefits for the projects. Change Proposals (VECP) Engineering value engineering are post-award Value All designs are biased due to the expertise, experiences and orientations of the and orientations experiences All designs are biased due to the expertise, the for improving is a proven technique engineering Value designers and clients. is methodology The value engineering value of projects, products and services. ABSTRACT 4 Abstracts of Papers 1 infiltrating the whether determine to essential is it cases, such In considered. or treatedwastewater)foragriculturalpurposeispracticed orisbeing In somepartsoftheworld,usegreywater(e.g.kitchen/shower wastewater etc.). geochemical conditions (pH, ionic strength, concentration of calcium, and saturation) and velocity flow as (such conditions hydraulic include rate ofremovalpathogenicvirusesduringsoilpassage. These factors In thisregard,itisimportanttodeterminevariousfactorsthat affect the of from surfacewater, adequatetraveltimesanddistancesareneeded. 60m to 50 after abstracted passage through the soil. To is assure production of safe drinking water water Then, sands. dune protected where surfacewater, after somepretreatment,isfedintocanalsin deep-well injection.Dunerecharge iswidelyappliedin The Netherlands, and recharge, dune filtration, bank in case the is as soil, through water produce safedrinkingwater. micro-organisms andviruses. These pathogenshavetoberemoved water production. Surface waterisoftenusedfortherecharge ofaquifers usedindrinking- ABSTRACT Environment, The Netherlands Environment, The 4 3 2 University, The Netherlands.*Correspondingauthor:[email protected] 13 ProfessorofQuantitative Water Safety, National InstituteofPublicHealthand Assistant Professor, BeijingUniversityofGesciences,China Assistant Professor, ZanjanUniversityofMedicalSciences Professor of Environmental Hydrogeology, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht th ICID InternationalDrainage ICID Workshop, Ahwaz, Iran,4-7March 2017 COLLOIDSINPARTIALLY-SATURATED Seyed MajidHassanizadeh TRANSPORT OF VIRUSES AND OFVIRUSES TRANSPORT SOIL AND GROUNDWATERSOIL AND Surface water isoften contaminated with pathogenic Zhang Qiulan Oneeffective wayisthepassageofsurface 3 , JackSchijven 1,* , GholamrezaSadeghi 4 2 Keynote Speeches

Abstracts of Papers 5 ICID International Drainage Workshop, Ahwaz, Iran, 4-7 March 2017 4-7 March Iran, Ahwaz, Workshop, ICID Drainage International th 13 viruses. We discuss the mechanisms behind this remobilization and provide We viruses. Such a remobilizationevidence from pore-scale visualization experiments. significantly. changed was concentration calcium the when observed also was We have also performed experiments under We transient flow conditions both in been changed micro-models, where water content has sand columns and in shown have results researchers’ other as well as experiments Our significantly. of adsorbed imbibition fronts cause a remobilization that both drainage and (empirical) relationships between removal rate coefficients and geochemical the flow, unsaturated of case the In content. moisture soil as well as conditions investigated.been also has viruses of removal the in interfaces air-water of role are carried out under a variety of conditions: a range of pH values, a rangea values, pH of range a conditions: of variety a under out carried are water different and concentrations, Ca different values, strength ionic of derive to used are data This conditions. flow steady-state under all saturations; experiments for the study of movement of bacteriophages (these are harmless of bacteriophages for the study of movement experiments soil and viruses) through pathogenic as surrogates for used that are viruses colloids through a micro-model (an artificial porous medium). Experiments water will be droid pathogenic micro-organisms when it reaches groundwater. when be droid pathogenic micro-organisms water will In this lecture, we present results of a large number of laboratory and field 6 Abstracts of Papers these strategiesaswelltheuseofsimulation modeling on awatershedscale. precision agriculture, and nutrient management. This presentation will focus on practices include routing of drainage water through constructed wetlands, These practices. structural and cultural as identified been have approaches of drainage watermanagement to cultural and structuralmeasures. A number loads fromagricultural drained lands. These strategies range from agricultural Research hasshownthatmanagement strategiescanbeusedtoreducepollutant and other detrimental pollutants in subsurface water as well as groundwater. studies throughout the world have shown concentrations of agri-chemicals, pathogens, drainage isblamedasamajorcontributortowaterpollution.Resultsofnumerous artificial drained, artificially are soils agricultural productive most the of some While profile. soil the in level salinity suitable a maintain to required be may and harvesting. In dryregions,whereirrigation is practiced, drainage systems planting, preparation, seedbed timely facilitate to and ability traffic improve to profile soil the from water excess remove to installed and designed are systems essential to produce crops onmost agricultural soils. Subsurface(tile) drainage is drainage improved or drainage. Artificial require soils agricultural all Nearly ABSTRACT * 13 Nova ScotiaInstituteof Agrologists, NovaScotia,NS,Canada th ICID InternationalDrainage ICID Workshop, Ahwaz, Iran,4-7March 2017 FOR CROP PRODUCTION AND WATER DRAINAGE MANAGEMENT QUALITY BENEFITS Ali Madani 1 Keynote Speeches

Abstracts of Papers 7 1 Ragab Ragab IMPROVING IRRIGATION AND TECHNOLOGIES COSMOS AND DRAINAGE EFFICIENCY USING DRAINAGE EFFICIENCY AND EDDY COVARIANCE, SCINTILLOMETERY SCINTILLOMETERY COVARIANCE, EDDY ICID International Drainage Workshop, Ahwaz, Iran, 4-7 March 2017 4-7 March Iran, Ahwaz, Workshop, ICID Drainage International th Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, CEH, Wallingford, UK, Vice President H., President Vice UK, Wallingford, CEH, Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, 13 * International Commission on Irrigation and Drainage, ICID These results indicated that there is a potential for water saving in irrigation, saving in for water is a potential there that results indicated These measured evapotranspiration be based on actual should the crop water requirement used Penman–Monteith widely based on the calculation on the than rather not evaporation, potential of calculating equation and possibly other methods ETa obtained by Eddy and Scintillometer. On average the actual evaporation actual the On average and Scintillometer. by Eddy obtained ETa measured by Eddy Covariance and Scintillometers represented nearly 50% of the ETo. These are quite significant differences. when compared with the worldwide used potential reference evaporation, reference worldwide used potential the with when compared equation data using Penman-Monteith from meteorological calculated ETo, and the on the ETo which is based ETc, and the crop potential evaporation, crop coefficient, Kc. The ETc and ETo showed higher values than those of Actual evaporation Eta represents the crop water requirement and is expected to to expected is and requirement water crop the represents Eta evaporation Actual evapotranspiration, ETp. be lower than the potential between differences significant showed results experiment field recent very The and Scintillometer values measured by the Eddy Covariance evaporation actual alternatives to the widely used potential evaporation equations such as those equations evaporation to the widely used potential alternatives represent the based on equations ETp Evapotranspiration, Potential of FAO. water. for demand crop actual the than rather for water demand atmospheric only butmore alsoefficient an application improved of understanding water, of crop water requirement. Modern technologies to such measure as actual evapotranspiration Large (ETa) offer can instruments (EC) Covariance Eddy and (LAS) Scintillometer Aperture In the context of increased pressure on water resources for food production, In the context of increased pressure on water to crisis, it is necessary in water some regions are already where globally crops, this means not yield for a given water resource. For irrigated maximize ABSTRACT 8 Abstracts of Papers water loggingandsalinity. reduce and volume, drainage reduce water, efficiency, save use water improve proved theirsuitability for useinagricultural water management. They can The above modern technologies, Eddy Covariance, Scintillometer and COSMOS irrigate. to much how and when determine hence deficit, moisture spatial heterogeneity. This method couldalsobeusedtodetermine the soil of spatial variability often found inpoint measurements in relation to the soil as it provides continuous, integrated, area based values and solves the problem harmful water stress. The COSMOS technology is one step in the right direction for irrigation managers to determine when and how much to irrigate to avoid moisture deficit in the root zone. The Cosmos results could be made operational could beusefulformonitoringthesoilwaterstatusandsubsequently measurement COSMOS the cm, 50-60 top the within accommodated is system root crop the of 80% almost that knowing case, such In seasons. crop summer the during particularly lands irrigated the of cm 50-60 top the within be could This indicates probe’sthat thereisapossibility that COSMOS effective depth SALTMED model. the by simulated and probes profile and cores soil sensors, by measured moisture soil layer soil cm 50-60 top the for obtained those with The field results showed that obtain. soilfor many to moisture obtained difficult by which is COSMOS Kc, was practitioners comparable coefficient irrigation crop the need not do evaporation actual the measuring of technologies modern these that is benefit Another requirement. differ between seasons andcropsbutwill always beactual irrigation water The exact percentage of watersavingbyusingthesemoderntechnologies, will atmospheric demand for water. estimation, one shouldconsidermethodsbasedoncropdemand rather than the the actual evaporation. This provesthat for realistic crop water requirement 13 th ICID InternationalDrainage ICID Workshop, Ahwaz, Iran,4-7March 2017 Keynote Speeches

Abstracts of Papers 9 1 Bart Schultz AGRICULTURAL WATER WATER AGRICULTURAL IN A SUSTAINABLE ENVIRONMENT SUSTAINABLE A IN MANAGEMENT AND FOOD SECURITY AND FOOD SECURITY MANAGEMENT ICID International Drainage Workshop, Ahwaz, Iran, 4-7 March 2017 4-7 March Iran, Ahwaz, Workshop, ICID Drainage International th Professor em. in Land and Water Development, UNESCO-IHE, Chair Group LandGroup Chair UNESCO-IHE, Development, Water and Land in em. Professor 13 * * Delft, the Netherlands, Former top advisor Rijkswaterstaat, Development, Water and Utrecht, the Netherlands, President Honoraire ICID schemes will be presented with special attention to the role of drainage. This to the role of drainage. attention with special schemes will be presented (SDG) Goals Development Sustainable the for attention due with done be will Commission on Irrigation Action Plan 2030 of the International and the draft (ICID). and Drainage reclamation can only result in a relatively small contribution. This implies a This implies contribution. small in a relatively result only can reclamation will result in the required and solutions that on the one hand focus on approaches In light of this sustainable. increase and on the other hand are environmentally and drainage options for irrigation upgrading, modernisation and expansion In the framework of rural reconstruction irrigation and drainage will have to have will drainage and irrigation reconstruction In the framework of rural while production, in cereal increase required the in achieving role major a play land and land cultivated at already will have to be realised most of the increase feed and energy from crops this requires, among others, a substantial increase others, a substantial requires, among from crops this and energy feed production cereal global Overall, food security. ensure to production cereal in the Achieving is stable. stock cereal global and the demand current the meets possible. be to way seems sustainable a in production cereal in increase required The Worlds’ population is expected to grow from 7.4 billion at present to at present to to grow from 7.4 billion is expected population Worlds’ The 10.0 billion by 2055. Combined with animal for demands growing and urbanisation the expectancy, life in improvement expected rise of living standards, ABSTRACT 10 Abstracts of Papers really happening in the field. A holistic approach to drainage is describes that includes includes that describes is drainage to approach holistic field. A the in happening really of thesetechnologicaladvancesnothingbeatsgoingoutwhenitrainsto assesswhatis opportunity toenhanceintegratedwaterresourceimbeddeddrainagedesign. Regardless recent advanceintheuseofdroneswithcameras(quadcoptersand like)providean imagery, newandenhancedexistingcomputermodelstosimulatelandinundationthe drained, reuseandhowbesttocontroldrainagewaterquality. Readyaccesstosatellite solutions toadrainageissuecanbeconsideredthatincludecontrollingthe amountofwater and withpowerfulcomputingnowavailableatthedesktopaffordable prices,many for moresustainableresults. Theories ofdrainagedesignhavebeenwelldeveloped water-food-energy nexusapproachandgivesdueattentiontoecologicalconsiderations approaches toassessment,preventionofwaterloggingansalinityproblems, considersthe is generallythereasonforsalinisation.Beyondmodernlanddrainage includes various absence ofasustainedseasonalnetdownwardwatermovementthrough theroot-zone naturally incoastalareasbutcanbeasecondaryeffect ofwaterlogging.Inallcasesthe Salinisation oftheland,i.e.accumulationsaltsinupperlayerssoiloccurs system, drainageisconsideredwhencausingwaterloggingthatrestrictscropgrowth. management. Undernaturalconditions,i.e.inareaswithrainfallsurplusandnoirrigation water in-field complete for system drainage well-functioning a have to need we later or sooner watered, are crops our efficiently how matter No remain. will water of quality the drainage system. The lesswaterismobilised thoroughouragriculturallands,thebetter support ecologicalwaterrequirements,andthenifanyaccessremainsdesigna look at watermovement on theroot-zone),prevent excess waterexcept for leachingsalts, detailed which a (incl. scale field and sustainable regional at assessments balance water environmentally enhanced includes drainage making implies Drainage Land Modern ABSTRACT * from ministertomanager. steps tosuccessfulstakeholderinvolvement frombeginningtoend,farmforkand 13 IrrigationandDrainageConsultant, Willflow Consulting,Canberra, Australia. th ICID InternationalDrainage ICID Workshop, Ahwaz, Iran,4-7March 2017 BEYOND MODERNLANDDRAINAGE WillemF. Vlotman 1 Abstracts of Papers 11 Topic 1: Topic

Measures 1 to Lower Volume of Drainage Water of Drainage Water ICID International Drainage Workshop, Ahwaz, Iran, 4-7 March 2017 4-7 March Iran, Ahwaz, Workshop, ICID Drainage International th 13 12 Abstracts of Papers Topic 1

Abstracts of Papers 13 2 *, Abd Ali Naseri 1, Majid Alihouri Majid Irrigation, Lysimeter, Saline water, Salt, Soil salinity. Salt, Saline water, Irrigation, Lysimeter, WATER CONSUMPTION ON THE CONSUMPTION ON WATER GROWTH OF JUVENILE DATE PALM JUVENILE DATE GROWTH OF EFFECTS OF AGRICULTURAL DRAIN DRAIN AGRICULTURAL EFFECTS OF ICID International Drainage Workshop, Ahwaz, Iran, 4-7 March 2017 4-7 March Iran, Ahwaz, Workshop, ICID Drainage International th Assistant Professor, Date Palm and Tropical Fruits Research Center, Horticultural Fruits Research Center, Tropical Date Palm and Assistant Professor, Professor, Faculty of Irrigation and Drainage Department, Shahid Chamran University Professor, 13 (AREEO), Ahvaz, Iran. *Corresponding author: [email protected] (AREEO), 2 of Ahvaz. 1 OrganizationExtension and Education Research, Agricultural Institute, Research Sciences for irrigation of juvenile date palms. date of juvenile for irrigation WORDS: KEY were obtained from water with 2.5 dS m-1 and 12 dS m-1, respectively. were obtained from water with 2.5 dS m-1 and 12 dS m-1, respectively. There was a significant difference between the water with 2.5 dS m-1 and leaflets of number width, leaf number, leaf of terms in m-1 dS 8 and used be cannot m-1) dS ≥8 (EC water saline Therefore, perimeter. truck leaves, leaf length, leaf width, number of leafletsand truck perimeter at 5% level of probability. vegetative characteristics except The for leaf chlorophyll maximum and leaflet width and minimum of plant m-1 were obtained from a mix of agricultural drain water and water and water drain of agricultural mix a from obtained were m-1 of salinity the that results show The Karun River. from the abstracted irrigation water had a significant effect on soil salinity, the number of utilizing agricultural drain water. This experiment was carried out using was carried This experiment water. drain agricultural utilizing acomplete block design with three irrigation 8 and 12 dS with water Saline 8 and 12 dS m-1 in four replications. water salinities of 2.5, The efficient use of irrigation water is one of the important issues and The purpose of this study sector in Iran. programs of the agricultural irrigation palms date of juvenile possibility of the exploring is the ABSTRACT 14 Abstracts of Papers 1 the residue ofpesticides and herbicides, which in themselves affect the major carrierofcontaminants such asphosphorus,heavymetals, and erosion andsediment transport tosurface drains.Sediment itself isa haman and animal lives. Runoff and overland flow ultimately effect land be required to prevent crop damage or losseven the threatening of epidemics in their aftermath. Increased surface drainage capacity may of floods on lives, crops, livestock, and property, they bring the threat of impact primary the to addition In flooding. increased to lead will rivers snow-fed in runoff spring Early management. resources water of field and duration of the runoff, leading to many changes and developments in timing, the thevolume, it changes Whatsmore, floods. and droughts intensity, typeandtiming of precipitation. This can cause unprecedented supply will exacerbate this threat. Climate change will alter the duration, eradication plans in this country, and related changes in surface water Future climate change may pose oneofthe greatest threats to poverty in Iran, wheremuch of the population relies on local rivers forwater. overland flow can potentially have devastating implications, particularly Water is essential to human survival, and changes in its supplyfrom ABSTRACT ronment, Universityof Tehran, [email protected] 3 ment, Universityof Tehran, [email protected] 2 ment, Universityof Tehran. *Correspondingauthor:[email protected] 13 Associate Professor, DepartmentofEnvironmentalEngineering, FacultyofEnvi GraduateStudent,Departmentof EnvironmentalEngineering,FacultyofEnviron GraduateStudent,Departmentof EnvironmentalEngineering,FacultyofEnviron th ICID InternationalDrainage ICID Workshop, Ahwaz, Iran,4-7March 2017 (CASE STUDY:(CASE ILAMDAM WATERSHED) EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGEON Sepehr Dalilsafaee SURFACE DRAINAGE MohammadHosseinNiksokhan 1, *, BahmanMoshtaghi 3 2

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Abstracts of Papers 15 Climate change, Surface drainage, SWAT Model, LARS- Model, SWAT drainage, Surface change, Climate ICID International Drainage Workshop, Ahwaz, Iran, 4-7 March 2017 4-7 March Iran, Ahwaz, Workshop, ICID Drainage International th 13 WG, Ilam dam watershed WG, Ilam other scenarios that are more adaptable to the region’s future conditions to the region’s other scenarios that are more adaptable be investigated. also use changes such as land WORDS: KEY with such changes, the drainage capacity must be increased. To reduce To must be increased. capacity with such changes, the drainage such to it, new approaches adhering transport and contaminants sediment that is recommended it Finally, should be considered. strips as buffer same period. According to the B1 scenario, an increase in total runoff runoff According to the B1 scenario, an increase in total same period. the decrease, will runoff total scenario A2 Although in the is predicted. cope To will increase. number of days with heavy precipitation average from 35.4 mm (A2) to 63.8 mm (B1) in the same period. The results show results The period. same the in (B1) mm 63.8 to (A2) mm 35.4 from by decreases rate discharge annual the average A2 scenario, in the that the in 10% to up increases it scenario B1 the in while future, the in 24% total runoff volume and peak rate. By applying various climate change various climate By applying rate. and peak volume runoff total shows an increase from annual air temperature scenarios, the mean as compared to the baseline (A2) in the future 1.47°C (B1) to 2.11°C also shows an increase precipitation annual total mean The (1990-2010). In this study, a commercial hydrological model (SWAT) with A2 and B1 and A2 with (SWAT) model hydrological commercial a In this study, Models usingHadCM3 General Circulation emission scenarios predicted (GCMs) in a future period (2046-2065) were applied to determine the in the basin). Therefore Agriculture in this region depends critically in this Agriculture Therefore in the basin). can so that every change in weather conditions on weather conditions the cropping pattern. affect greatly consists of three rivers originating from three sub-basins joining at the at joining sub-basins three from originating rivers three of consists in the of agriculture type is a prevailing Rain-fed cultivation dam site. aforementioned basin (about 80% of the total area of agricultural lands health of receiving open water bodies. bodies. open water receiving health of basin The Iran. western in located is km2 471.6 is which basin dam Ilam 16 Abstracts of Papers Central Asia (SICICWC), Tashkent 100187,Uzbekistan.*Corresponding author: 2 Central Asia (SICICWC) 1 between transects #A parameters and#B(1)vs. #Band an open collector (2) alongthe hydraulic level field the of ratio a comparing by on cropgrowthparameters as wellongrain yield was evaluated experiment CTD of effect the addition, In cm−1). mS (2.24 treatment CVD the compared as cm−1) mS (2.08 treatment CTD the at lower 7% was water drainage the of concentration salt mean period. weighted this flow The over treatment CTD the than greater 22% was treatment CVD the from volume water drainage cumulative The 2015. 15, June volumes and waterquality were monitored from October 25, 2014until was twodrainages of out one controlled (CTD) while the other wasleft free (CVD). Drainagewater the at outflow Drainage Uzbekistan. valley, Fergana the in season growing crop 2014-2015 the during field andtocontrol lateral the groundwatertabledepthinportiontoirrigatedwinterwheat thedrainage from flow the control to modified An existing conventional subsurface drainage system (CVD) was ABSTRACT Central Asia (SICICWC) 4 Central Asia (SICICWC) 3 +99871-2650359. Tel: [email protected]; 13 Scientific Information Center of Interstate Commission for Water Coordination in in for Coordination Commission Water Interstate of Center Information Scientific in for Coordination Commission Water Interstate of Center Information Scientific in for Coordination Commission Water Interstate of Center Information Scientific in for Coordination Commission Water Interstate of Center Information Scientific th ICID InternationalDrainage ICID Workshop, Ahwaz, Iran,4-7March 2017 Victor Dukhovny CONTROLLED SUB-SURFACE DRAINAGE WATER MANAGEMENT INIRRIGATED AS A STRATEGY FORIMPROVED AGRICULTURE OF UZBEKISTAN 1 ,Shavkat Kenjabaev Gulomjon Umirzakov 2,* ,Shavkat Yakubov 4

3 , Topic 1

Abstracts of Papers 17 Controlled drainage, Groundwater table, Drainage table, Groundwater drainage, Controlled ICID International Drainage Workshop, Ahwaz, Iran, 4-7 March 2017 4-7 March Iran, Ahwaz, Workshop, ICID Drainage International th 13 KEY WORDS: KEY outflow, Wheat yield. level has the potential to improve the livelihoods of farmers by reducing by reducing of farmers livelihoods the improve to potential the has level agricultural and maintaining water application with costs associated collector-drainage as reducing years as well short in water production water outflow. compared with the lower part. Managing the water table resulted in less in resulted table water the Managing part. lower the with compared in the yields grain events and increased irrigation stress between water the farm CTD at of the Introduction groundwater. with shallowest area was 0.78 indicating that the water table of the upper portion of the field was 47 cm (22%) shallower than the lower part. Thus, CTD increased the moisture storage of the soil layer at the upper part of the field as the field contained 20% greather moisturesoil forof the the lower portion with compared growing period as during the the to utilize crop the ratiofield. of Conversely, thewater table depth between (1) and (2) drainage course. The ratio of soil water content in the 1 m soil profile of part upper the that indicated which and (2) was 1.20 (1) between 18 Abstracts of Papers 3 University,Iran Ahvaz, 2 University, Ahvaz, Iran.*Correspondingauthor:[email protected] 1 in factors influencing assess and prioritize to is study present the of decline of drainage water volume issuesisimportant. Hence, the aim soil fertility and water quality, in addition to paying attention to the products, plant detrimental effects ofdrainagewaterontheenvironment, To minimizetheshort-termandlong-term sources. groundwater into flow to water quality low the causing zone, root the in salt cumulative between thedrainagepipeandsavedcosts. These systemsreduced The selectingofthedepthdrainsinpastresultedintolarge spacing deep percolation losses which led to greater than necessary drainage. compensate for shortcomings. A resultofthe previous designwashigh and management ofirrigation systems andsubsurfacedrainageto semi-arid areas haveemerged. Previously, thefocuswasondesign In thepastdecade,majorchangesinwatermanagement in aridand ABSTRACT company 5 4 Ahvaz. 13 The boss of Integration and balance group studies office-Esfahan regional water water regional office-Esfahan studies group balance and Integration of boss The The managerofstudiesoffice-Esfahanregionalwatercompany Professor of Irrigation and Drainage Department,Shahid Chamran Universityof Associate Professor, Departmentof Water SciencesEngineering,ShahidChamran StudentPHD,Departmentof Water SciencesEngineering,ShahidChamran th ICID InternationalDrainage ICID Workshop, Ahwaz, Iran,4-7March 2017 Mahboobe Ghasemi PROCESS MODEL FOR THE DECLINE OF BY FUZZY ANALYTICAL HIERARCHY DRAINAGE WATERDRAINAGE MANAGEMENT Gholamhosein Heidarpour DRAINAGE WATERDRAINAGE VOLUME 1,* , Abdolrahim Hooshmand , Abdolrahim 4 , MasoudSayedipour 2 , Abd Ali Naseri , AbdAli 5

3

Topic 1

Abstracts of Papers 19 Drainage water management, Fuzzy hierarchical hierarchical Fuzzy management, water Drainage ICID International Drainage Workshop, Ahwaz, Iran, 4-7 March 2017 4-7 March Iran, Ahwaz, Workshop, ICID Drainage International th 13 use of drainage water. drainage of use KEY WORDS: KEY Sequential water, of drainage Reuse conservation, Resource analysis, criteria, draining into oceans and salt lakes are the best options. The best options. into oceans and salt lakes are the draining criteria, with options treatment water drainage among index chemical – physical a weight factor of 0.605 has a higher priority than the biological index. second priority. priority. second of drainage water are the third and fourth and disposal The treatment drainage water sub Among the disposal of priorities respectively. the main criteria of drainage water management the second priority is second priority the management water of drainage criteria main the wetland and wildlife sub criteria Among its of water. reuse the on placed criteria, with a weight factor of 0.260 is the most important. Sequential a weight factor of 0.248 is the use of drainage water criterion of with were evaluated. The results show that water conservation is the most were evaluated. Among the sub criteria water management. option in drainage important Among priority. highest the are reduction source and conservation, water as well as a summarizing of the results of the questionnaire were used. In questionnaire results of the of the as a summarizing as well management water various analysis, extent Chang’s using step, next the factors selected and sub criteria and criteria on the based options encompass three targets, in addition to the main criteria and sub criteria. and criteria main the to addition in targets, three encompass the determine and factors and sub criteria criteria, the select to order In opinions, and experts’ of each of them, researchers importance relative In this study, water conservation, Drainage water reuse, drainage water water Drainage water reuse, drainage water conservation, In this study, disposal and drainage water purification wereincludes reviewed. the steps The model of problem definition, calculation,structures that and fuzzy hierarchical options management water drainage and ranking of decision-making methods has been expanded. Fuzzy multi-criteria decision has been expanded. Fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making methods decision combined with fuzzy logic and multi-criteria making methods are numbers. used in this procedure are fuzzy triangular The numbers processes. the evaluation of multi criteria options, it is not compatible with existing is not compatible options, it criteria of multi evaluation the in the selection effect and their comparisons in paired uncertainties process. Therefore, application of of Multi-criteria in recent years, the Analytical hierarchy process (AHP), multi-attribute utility theory, theory, utility (AHP), multi-attribute hierarchy process Analytical common most the among are programming goal theory and outranking in potential great a has had AHP Although methods. used multi-criteria prioritizing the preference of drainage water management specialist specialist management water drainage of preference the prioritizing using AHP. fuzzy 20 Abstracts of Papers 1 KEY WORDS: seasons (winter, spring,summerandautumn) are reviewed. impact of meteorological conditions ondrainagerunoff indifferent each ten years. The activity of drainage during various seasons and the period of fourdecades, meanwhile complete studied period was divided were air temperature and precipitation amount in Central 1969–2009 Lithuania during the in conditions studied while analysing changes in seasonal distribution of the average Meteorological Lithuania. Central The presentarticle analyzesthechangeofclimatic conditions inthe ABSTRACT Belarus 2 Tel:Email: +370-37-752380 Lithuania. str.dst. 11,Studentu Kauno 53361, [email protected]; Akademija, 13 Brest State Technical University, Belarus. Moskovskaya str. 267, 224017, Brest, Brest, 224017, 267, str. Moskovskaya Belarus. University,Technical State Brest lkada Sugnks nvriy Ltuna *orsodn author: *Corresponding Lithuania. University, Stulginskis Aleksandras th ICID InternationalDrainage ICID Workshop, Ahwaz, Iran,4-7March 2017 THE TENDENCY OF DRAINAGERUNOFF IN CLIMATE CHANGECONTEXT Otilija Miseckaite Drainage,Runoff, Precipitation, Temperature, Climate. 1,* , Alexander A. Volchak, Alexander A. 2 Topic 1

Abstracts of Papers 21 - - - - 2

3 ,Sepehr Dalilsafaee 1,* Mohammad Hossein Niksokhan Mohammad Hossein Niksokhan AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF AGRICULTURAL Bahman Moshtaghi THE EFFECT OF CLIMATE CHANGE CLIMATE OF THE EFFECT ON THE QUANTITY AND QUALITY OF QUALITY AND QUANTITY THE ON (CASE STUDY: GOLGOL RIVER BASIN) GOLGOL (CASE STUDY: ICID International Drainage Workshop, Ahwaz, Iran, 4-7 March 2017 4-7 March Iran, Ahwaz, Workshop, ICID Drainage International th Graduate Student, Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of En Graduate Student, Department of Environmental Associate Professor, Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Envi Associate Professor, Graduate Student, Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Environ of Faculty Engineering, Environmental of Department Student, Graduate 13 3 ronment, University No. of Tehran. 25, Iran. Ghods Tehran, Nik St, Ave, Enghelab [email protected] 2 vironment, University of Tehran. No. 25, Ghods St, Enghelab [email protected] Ave, Tehran, Iran. 1 1 *Corresponding author: Bahman.moshtaghi@yahoo. Tehran. ment, University of com; No. 25, Ghods St, Iran.Tehran, Enghelab Ave, 27 percent of the total basin area is under irrigated and rain-fed cultivation.rain-fed and irrigated under is area basin total the of percent 27 crops.dominant are and barley wheat cultivation, rain-fed case of the In under irrigated cultivation.In this basin, wheat and corn are often grown management seriously. The reuse of agricultural runoff in areas facing runoff The reuse of agricultural management seriously. River Golgol the in out carried was study A important. is deficiency water is one the main sources of the Ilam reservoir dam. NearlyThis river Basin. water. water. This deficiency can decrease the quality water. and agriculture on is change climate of effects prominant the of of water as well. One resourcewater affect can products agricultural for demand in Changes regions of the Earth and on different systems, such as water resources, systems, such regions of the Earth and on different and health. Climate change and the environment, agriculture, industry, global warming have caused an intense deficiency of available potable Nowadays, the effects of climate change due to global warming and Nowadays, the effects The increase of evident. patterns is quite precipitation in changes on almost all negative effect greenhouse gases has had an extensive ABSTRACT 22 Abstracts of Papers KEY WORDS: resources, runoff managementmightberequiredinthefuture. and economic agricultural lossesandconcernsaboutthedecreaseinqualityofwater prevent To percent. 35 33, 45, by decrease would loads present, show thattheaveragemonthlyRunoff, Nitrate andOrganic nitrogen the to compared when period 2080-2099 percent. 13.5 18, 27, monthly Runoff, NitrateandOrganic nitrogenloadswoulddecreaseby average the 2046-2065, during that observed was It simulated. also were fertilizer andlanduse,changesinrunoff and pollutants inthefuture hydrological modelandassumingsimilarregionalconditionsincluding applied. Introducingdownscaledresultsof AOGCM models to the were method SWAT-CupSufi2 calibration, and for (SWAT) and model order tosimulatetherunoff, anorganic nitrogenandnitratehydrological during thetwoperiodsandalsochangesinprecipitationisobserved.In used for downscaling. The results show thatthetemperature increases was model LARS-WG The gases. greenhouse of amount the determine on economicdevelopmenthasbeenusedaregionalscaleinorderto used. The scenarioofhighpopulationgrowthandalesserdependency emission scenario for two future periods (2046-2065 and 2080-2099) were of climate change, using the output of a HadCM3 model under the A2 runoff. Inordertopredicttemperatureandprecipitationundertheeffect of quality the on impact significant a have may which fertilizers, Using SWAT, LARS-WG. 13 th ICID InternationalDrainage ICID Workshop, Ahwaz, Iran,4-7March 2017 Climatechange,Riverwaterquality, Agricultural runoff,

Abstracts of Papers 23

Topic 2: Topic 2 Measures to Improve Drainage Water Quality Drainage Water ICID International Drainage Workshop, Ahwaz, Iran, 4-7 March 2017 4-7 March Iran, Ahwaz, Workshop, ICID Drainage International th 13 24 Abstracts of Papers Topic 2

Abstracts of Papers 25 , 2

4 , Raheleh Malekian 1,* , Robert Gordon 3 Ali Madani No-till, DRAINMOD-N II, Nitrate, Leaching. Seyyed Ebrahim Hashemi Garmdareh Seyyed Ebrahim Hashemi MODELING NITRATE-N LEACHING IN LEACHING MODELING NITRATE-N NO-TILL FIELDS WITH DRAINMOD-N II WITH FIELDS NO-TILL ICID International Drainage Workshop, Ahwaz, Iran, 4-7 March 2017 4-7 March Iran, Ahwaz, Workshop, ICID Drainage International th PhD of Irrigation and Drainage, Tehran, Iran (the Islamic Republic of) Tehran, PhD of Irrigation and Drainage, Agrologists, Nova Scotia, NS, Canada Nova Scotia Institute of Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada Waterloo, Laurier University, Wilfrid Irrigation and Drainage, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran (the Islamic Republic of), Tehran, Tehran, Irrigation and Drainage, University of 13 3 4 Department of Irrigation and Drainage, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran University of Aburaihan, of Department of Irrigation and Drainage, College Iran (Islamic Republic). *Corresponding author: sehashemi@ Tehran, Pakdasht, ut.ac.ir, [email protected], Tel: 2 +9821-36040906 KEY WORDS: WORDS: KEY 1 period were determined to be 1.09 mm, 1.85 mm and 0.83 for drain outflow, outflow, drain for 0.83 and mm 1.85 mm, 1.09 be to determined were period and 1.43 mg/l, 0.51 mg/l and 0.79 for NO3-N concentration respectively. well reasonably DRAINMOD-N results showed that II predicted The NO3-N leaching in drainage outflow of no-till fields over the whole years. of NO3-N movement, and then by comparing the observed and simulated the by comparing then and of NO3-N movement, NO3-N concentration in no-till fields using three statistical indices, relative (AAD) and absolute deviation square error (RRMSE), average root mean the correlation coefficient (R2). The RMSE, AAD and R2 for validation (NO3-N) concentration in till drainage water outflows Truro, Nova Scotia, inCanada from2003-2006. The no-till model performance filedwas of evaluated first by comparing the observed and simulated drain outflow data for the model to obtain a proper prediction prerequisite that is an essential into the soil and leaching to groundwater. This method can also enhance the enhance also can method This groundwater. to leaching and soil the into drains and subsurface to pesticides some and nutrients mobile of movement this In profile. soil the in pathways preferential along groundwater deeper to nitrate-nitrogen of simulation for the DRAINMOD-N II was utilized study, Conservation agriculture, especially no-tillage, has proven to result into has proven to result no-tillage, especially agriculture, Conservation In spite of environments globally. in many agricultural sustainable farming some advantages of no-till systems, this practice may increase infiltration ABSTRACT 26 Abstracts of Papers 1 to time) trends of groundwater levels and quality are being monitored (along the river, acrossthe river, vertically downward andwithrespect dimensional four The level. ground below depth 150ft and 100ft 50ft, at piezometers three of consists River.battery the Each of km 60 about installed on bothsidesoftheRiveratthree sites,coveringalengthof and the 3rd at a distance of about 1500 ft from the River bank have been ft. 500 of distance a at 2nd the edge, River the on just River,one the to the River. Fiftypiezometers in theshapeofthreebatteriesperpendicular groundwater, anexperimental setup hasbeen developed in 2010along reservoirs. To evaluate the impact of this pollution on underlying the Riverandpolluted water oftheRiverisleached to underground in effluents agricultural and industrial domestic, discharging are drains 1400 MCM per annum to meet the domestic needs of the city. Different and Sanitation Agency (WASA)is pumpinggroundwateratarateof plain of the Indus Basinonthe left bank ofthe Ravi River. The Water million peopleandanareaof1014km2.Itislocatedonthealluvial largest populatedcityofPakistanwithanestimated population of10 second the is capital provincial the Lahore water. clean not to access do have cities large in population the 80% approximately Pakistan, In ABSTRACT Irrigation Department, Library Road, Lahore 54000, Pakistan. 54000, Lahore Road, Library Department, Irrigation 3 Pakistan. 54000, Lahore Road, Library Department, Irrigation 2 13 Assistant Directors,IrrigationResearchInstitute(IRI),Government ofthePunjab, Assistant Directors,IrrigationResearchInstitute(IRI),Government ofthePunjab, Director. *Correspondenceauthor:[email protected], Tel: +923424549082 th ICID InternationalDrainage ICID Workshop, Ahwaz, Iran,4-7March 2017 ON GROUNDWATER QUALITY- A CASE Ghulam ZakirHassan IMPACT OF DRAINAGEEFFLUENTS STUDY FROMLAHOREPAKISTAN 1,* , FaizRazaHassan 2 , Saleem Akhtar , 3 Topic 2

Abstracts of Papers 27 Groundwater, Piezometers, Effluents, Ravi River, ICID International Drainage Workshop, Ahwaz, Iran, 4-7 March 2017 4-7 March Iran, Ahwaz, Workshop, ICID Drainage International th 13 KEY WORDS: KEY Artificial recharge, Lahore. in view the current situation some possible measures for the management ofin view the current situation some possible the current study. groundwater have been recommended in surface. are generally sandy except a thinSub-soil strata at most of the sites seepagegroundwater of slope The ft. 50 at layer upper the in clay/silt of layer to the left side of the River is steeper as compared line at Shahdra on the area. Keeping pumpage of groundwater in the city right side due to excessive pumpage and less recharge due to urbanization. Groundwater quality Groundwater quality due to urbanization. recharge pumpage and less Syphon to Mohlanwal and moving downward from Ravi deteriorates the natural city and improves at the depth below is the worst near the a river gauge indicates that the River is hydraulically connected with the with connected is hydraulically River the that indicates a river gauge Lahore of aquifer the in levels Groundwater it. recharging is and aquifer are falling at an average rate of 2.5 ft. per year mainly due to excessive at the Shahdra Bridge site (near Lahore). It has been further observed of deterioration the to is contributing Ravi River in the pollution that measured using levels of groundwater Fluctuation quality. groundwater and evaluated. The analysis of data observed so far indicates that indicates so far observed of data analysis The evaluated. and especially time with the passage of quality is deteriorating groundwater 28 Abstracts of Papers 5th building, Ahvaz, Iran. *Corresponding author: [email protected], author: *Corresponding Iran. Ahvaz, building, 5th 1 day,per respectively.tons 65.51 11862and with NO3- and TDS types of with avolumeof2,374millioncubicmetersperyeararecausing pollution and discharge weremeasured.Resultsshowedthatagriculturalpollutants EC, pH, TSS, NO3-, DO, BOD, PO4-3, COD features, Cations, Anions in 2013-201424inputpointsofdrainagewaterto sources. The resources. After field study, sampling (N=96) was done during four seasons the volumeofdrainagewaterandimpactonquality of production drainages inthebasinofGreatKarun(KarunandDezRivers), determine and qualitativelyreviewdeterminethepollutionloadofagricultural Karun and Dez Rivers margins. This studyaimstoidentify, quantitatively the developmentofagriculture,industry, andpopulationgrowthinthe resources, favorableclimateconditionsandenergy resourceshaveledto resources intheGreatKarunRiverbasin,extensiveareasofnatural river water management in Khuzestan Province. Suitable soil and water especially Iran, in management resource water of field the in challenges development ofurbanization,industriesandagriculturearethebiggest The impactsofclimatechangeandhumaninducedactivitiesduetothe ABSTRACT area, Water and Power Authority co(KWPA), Golestan Ave. 5th building, Ahwaz, Iran. 3 University,Iran. Ahvaz, 2 Tel: 09166111198. 13 HeadofDepartmentIrrigationand DrainageNetworks Abadan and Ph.D.SoilSciencestudent,College of Agriculture, Ahvaz Branch,Islamic Azad Ph.D.Soil Science, Water and Power Authority co (KWPA), Golestan Ave. th ICID InternationalDrainage ICID Workshop, Ahwaz, Iran,4-7March 2017 POLLUTION LOADOF AGRICULTURAL BASIN OF KARUN AND DEZRIVERS POLLUTANTS IN THE CATCHMENT IDENTIFYING AND DETERMINING AND IDENTIFYING N. Hosseini-zare 1,* , N.Shahinzadeh 2 , D.Bahmaei 3 Topic 2

Abstracts of Papers 29 Pollution load, Karun and Dez rivers, Soil and water Pollution load, Karun ICID International Drainage Workshop, Ahwaz, Iran, 4-7 March 2017 4-7 March Iran, Ahwaz, Workshop, ICID Drainage International th 13 KEY WORDS: KEY Khuzestan Agricultural drainages, resources, water resources and agricultural lands in the downstream basin. Evidences the downstream agricultural lands in water resources and are not situation will be worse if proper measures show that in future the undertaken. within the Dez river reach, the drainages of Sardarabad (N) and Zahuabadand (N) Sardarabad drainages of the reach, river Dez within the Gargar the within wastewaters fish-farming the and reach Shatit the within the quality of the most important drainages affecting river reach are among has the largest share in terms of volume of drainage water and incoming of volume of drainage share in terms has the largest Haft of Shoeibieh, the agricultural drainages load. Moreover, pollution Myanab and Kharur Salimeh, Karun (K), Ajirub and cane, Sugar –Tapeh Pollution load of organic materials based on BOD and COD is 29.7 and and COD is 29.7 based on BOD materials load of organic Pollution reach river Dez the that, showed also Results respectively. day, per tons 211 30 Abstracts of Papers arid and semi-arid regions. The efficiency of this method in the controlling economical andassuredmethodfortheresolvingofdrainage problemsin pump groundwaterupwardsandreleaseittotheatmosphere. This isan Plants withthecapabilityofdynamicabsorptionand transpiration for the controlling of salinity and the retaining of the static equilibrium. rely onmechanicalequipment,inbio-drainagesystemsplants areused which systems drainage artificial to contrast In region. the in lands arable of irrigated land in order to prevent the over drainage and salinity of the Khuzestan region. The mainobjectivewasthesustainableandoptimal use the authorshallbefocusingonapplicationofbio-drainage inthe for thereducingofenvironmentaldamagetodrainagesites. Inthispaper, of bio-drainagewhichalongwithdrydrainageand Argo-forestry areused should beapplied.Oneofthemodernmethodsappliedcurrentlyisthat other methodsforthetransferringofsaltandexcesswateroff theland environmental problemsintheareaitself.Itisbelievedthatsuchareas must be implemented whichinthemselvesarenotonlycostlybutalsocause systems drainage or sub-surface efficient be surface to artificial fails and system enough drainage natural the regions many In soil. artificial drainage systemwhichwillextractthesurpluswaterandsaltfrom or natural a requires lands irrigated in agriculture Sustainable ABSTRACT [email protected] 2 sponding author:[email protected] 1 13 Ms.c Water Structures,Khuzestan Water andPower Authority (KWPA). Khoramza Ms.cCivilEngineering,Khuzestan Water andPower Authority (KWPA). *Corre th ICID InternationalDrainage ICID Workshop, Ahwaz, Iran,4-7March 2017 AND THE PREVENTIONOF THE SALINITY AND OVER-DRAINAGEOF ARABLE LAND SYSTEMS FOR THE SUSTAINABLE AND OPTIMAL USEOF IRRIGATED LANDS APPLICATION OF BIO-DRAINAGE Mehdi KhajehPoor 1,* , SaraKhoramzadeh 2 - - Topic 2

Abstracts of Papers 31 Bio-drainage, Irrigated land, Saline soils, Static Bio-drainage, Irrigated land, Saline ICID International Drainage Workshop, Ahwaz, Iran, 4-7 March 2017 4-7 March Iran, Ahwaz, Workshop, ICID Drainage International th 13 KEY WORDS: WORDS: KEY equilibrium, Soil characteristics. the plants should be carefully evaluated prior to implementation. This is prior to implementation. the plants should be carefully evaluated fact that the best way to protect and preserve such plants due to the largely is through public awareness. root dispersion should be vertical and deep in order to tap groundwaterroot dispersion should be vertical and deep should match the crop patternssources. More over the plants selected of the environmental effects publically acknowledged by farmers and to thrive in such an environment and the amount of water they consumeto thrive in such an environment and the The plants utilized should high. and their transpiration index should be be beneficial and have sufficient yields while being saline resistant. The than ten percent which in comparison to the amount of land required for in comparison to the amount of land than ten percent which difference. negligible a shows system drainage artificial an of creating the considerof this type of drainage system one should In the development the following; first of all the plants selected should have the capability of diminishing the effects of saline water on soils, and act as a retardant of saline of diminishing the effects The measures are put into place. salinity mitigation until more effective is less for the creating of bio-drainage systems amount of land required in retaining the static equilibrium in various zones, yet its effectiveness effectiveness equilibrium in various zones, yet its in retaining the static of time the salinity of the soil over a long period in the decreasing of be a means that this method could prove to is debatable. It is believed the chemical quality of the water used for irrigation. This method is oftenThis method used for irrigation. quality of the water the chemical equilibrium alongwhich have a high static applied in zones successfully its effectiveness Studies have validated rates of transpiration. with high of salinity and excess water depends on variables such as the climate ofthe as such variables on excess water depends and salinity of andirrigation method, type of crop, the soil characteristics, the region, 32 Abstracts of Papers 5 Korea of Republic 61186, Gwangju, 4 Korea of Republic 52828, Korea of 3 Republic 25354, Gangwon, Korea of 2 Republic 25354, Gangwon, 1 Gyeonggi-do, regions However, do, Jeollanam-do,andGyeongnam-do. climate change scenarios showed high sensitivity in the regions Jeollabuk- Both 8.5. RCP scenario under 2080s and 2040s the and 4.5, RCP scenario values were small for every period, except the 2040s, 2060s, and 2080s under showed an overall increase in water requirements and consumptive use. The REIP results The sensitivity. the evaluate to used were 8.5 and 4.5 RCP data from1971to2010andfutureclimatechangescenarios Weather index. consumptive useandeffective rainfall(REIP) was usedasasensitivity to classifyregionswithunfavorablewaterbalances. The ratioof climate change,andcomparedtemporalregionalcharacteristics sensitivity analysis toevaluate the vulnerability of paddy rice to future Paddy riceconstitutesastaplecropinKorea. This studyconducteda ABSTRACT author: [email protected] *Corresponding Korea. of University,Republic National 52828, Gyeongsang Jinju, 6 Korea of Republic 52828, Jinju, University, National Gyeongsang 13 Division of Agro-system Engineering & Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Science, Life and of Agriculture Institute & Engineering of Agro-system Division Science, Life and of Agriculture Institute & Engineering of Agro-system Division DepartmentofRuralandBiosystemsEngineering,ChonnamNational University, Departmentof Agricultural Engineering,GyeongsangNationalUniversity, Jinju, InstituteofGreenBioScienceand Technology, SeoulNationalUniversity, InstituteofGreenBioScienceand Technology, SeoulNationalUniversity, th ICID InternationalDrainage ICID Workshop, Ahwaz, Iran,4-7March 2017 Soojin Kim ASSESSING SENSITIVITY OF PADDY RICE TO CLIMATE CHANGE 1 , SeungjongBae Syewoon Hwang IN SOUTHKOREA 2 , SoraeKim 5 , Min-Won Jang 3 , Seung-Hwan Yoo, 6,* 4

Topic 2

Abstracts of Papers 33 Climate change, Irrigation, Paddy, Sensitivity, Water Water Sensitivity, Paddy, Climate change, Irrigation, ICID International Drainage Workshop, Ahwaz, Iran, 4-7 March 2017 4-7 March Iran, Ahwaz, Workshop, ICID Drainage International th 13 KEY WORDS: KEY vulnerability. the low consumption-water rich category to the high consumption-waterthe low consumption-water its adaptive it a priority for measures to improve making poor category, change. capacity for climate categories: low consumption-water rich, low consumption-water poor, poor, rich, low consumption-water low consumption-water categories: The poor. consumption-water and high rich consumption-water high from changed that regions of Gangwon-do region had the highest number Gangwon-do, and Chungcheongbuk-do had low sensitivity as compared as low sensitivity had Chungcheongbuk-do and Gangwon-do, four into sensitivity to categorize REIPs were used The to other regions. 34 Abstracts of Papers 3 3133913447. Fax: 3133913433, Tel: Iran, 84156-83111, Isfahan, University of Technology, Isfahan,Iran.*Correspondingauthor:[email protected]; 2 of Technology, Isfahan,[email protected] 1 drainage water, nitrogen losses via the denitrification process and nitrogen ammonium lossesthroughrunoff, nitrateandammoniumlossesthrough and 2.0 m)tocomparetheeffect ofdrainspacinganddepthontheamount 1.7 1.4, (1.1, depths drain different four and m) 90 and 80 70, (60, scenarios weremodeledincludingthecombinationoffourdrainspacing sugarcane farmlandatImamKhomeiniagro-industrialCompany. Sixteen the impactofdraindepthandspacingonnitrateammoniumlossesin dynamic approachforthewaterandnitrogencyclewasusedtosimulate this In environment. research, asimplebutcomprehensivesimulationmodelusingsystem the into outflow drain the of quantity and quality problems. The drainspacinganddepthplayasubstantialroleinthe subsurface drainagesystemshavegivenrisetodifferent environmental Excessive soilnitrogenlossesasaresultoftheinappropriatedesign ABSTRACT Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran. [email protected] 5 Agriculture, Bu-AliSinaHamedan University, Hamedan,[email protected] 4 Resources, UniversityofHormozgan, Bandar Abbas, [email protected] 13 Assistant Professor, Departmentof Agriculture, Facultyof Agriculture andNatural Associate professor, Departmentof Water Engineering,College of Agriculture, Assistant Professor, Department of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, College of Professor, Departmentof Water Engineering, Collegeof Agriculture, Isfahan Ph.D.Candidateof Water Engineering,Collegeof Agriculture, Isfahan University th ICID InternationalDrainage ICID Workshop, Ahwaz, Iran,4-7March 2017 Adnan Sadeghi-Lari OF NITROGENLOSSESIN TILE-DRAINAGE DESIGN PARAMETERS ON THE AMOUNT MODELING THE IMPACT OF DRAINAGE Mohammad MehdiMatinzadeh SYSTEMS: A CASESTUDY FROM SOUTHWEST IRAN 3 , HamedNozari 1 , Jahangir Abedi Koupai 4 , MohammadShayannejad 2,* 5 Topic 2

Abstracts of Papers 35 Drain depth, Drain spacing, Nitrogen losses, DrainageDrain depth, Drain ICID International Drainage Workshop, Ahwaz, Iran, 4-7 March 2017 4-7 March Iran, Ahwaz, Workshop, ICID Drainage International th 13 KEY WORDS: KEY agro-industrial Company. Sugarcane, Imam Khomeini water, up to an acceptable level. Therefore, the optimum design of subsurfaceTherefore, level. up to an acceptable in the control on environmental criteria could aid drainage systems based on the farm-level.of nitrogen pollution nitrogen losses. So, based on the results the optimal tile-drainage system tile-drainage results the optimal the on based So, losses. nitrogen depth of 1m, would be a drain spacing of 80 m and density in this region losses would be reduced total drainage and runoff in as such that the denitrification and runoff would increase; and the nitrate and ammonium the Furthermore, water would decrease. the drainage losses through of amount the on impact significant a has fertilizer urea applied of amount uptake by the plant. The results indicated that through the increasing of through the increasing indicated that The results the plant. uptake by of losses in the form of drain depth nitrogen and the reducing drain spacing 36 Abstracts of Papers create measures to eliminate dysfunctions. create measures to eliminate dysfunctions. depth ofdrainagesystemsandtheirelevationarebeingdetermined inorderto Besides examined. being also are filling back and materials filtering pipes, are beingexamined,reservoirsanddrainagepipesconditions, porespaceof draw wellsandpipeconnections,connectionsofdrainagepipes andreservoirs being traced. are While strippingofdrainagepipesestuarial parts of reservoirs, drillings test subsequent for areas also and examined, being are filters) determined, conditions of exterior parts of drainage systems (soils, wells, being are drainage of quality satisfied not with areas and conditions normal of soilwater-logging andsoiltypeunitsarebeingsettled,areaswith performed inaccordancewithapprovedmethodology. Herewith,reasons documents mustbeanalyzedandafterwardsdetailedmonitoringto for repairing and reconstruction of pipe drainage systems, operating set of and extractionof drainage pipes. In order to prepare planning documentation meliorated lands.Onpractice,monitoringisbasedonrecognitionobservations the basisofsystematicmonitoringwhichispartextended on obtained be can systems drainage of assessment Impartial flashing. line pipe of help the with systems of work effective prolong significantly to able are and efficient are systems drainage pipe of elements main the guidelines, According tomonitoringofdrainagesystemsdata,regardlessdepreciation ABSTRACT [email protected] 1 KEY WORDS: 13 Agrophysical Research Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia*Corresponding author: th ICID InternationalDrainage ICID Workshop, Ahwaz, Iran,4-7March 2017 RECONSTRUCTION OF RECLAMATED AREAS DRAINEDBY PIPEDRAINING land reclamation, subsoil drainage, humid zone, reconstruction. landreclamation,subsoildrainage, humidzone,reconstruction. YuriG. Yanko SYSTEMS 1,*

Abstracts of Papers 37

Topic 3: Topic 3 Criteria in Favor of the Environment Adaption of New Design Adaption of New ICID International Drainage Workshop, Ahwaz, Iran, 4-7 March 2017 4-7 March Iran, Ahwaz, Workshop, ICID Drainage International th 13 38 Abstracts of Papers Topic 3

Abstracts of Papers 39 3 , Hossein Ghadiri 2 , Bofu Yu , Bofu Yu 1,* Sina Akram EFFECTS OF VEGETATIVE BUFFERS VEGETATIVE EFFECTS OF ON AND SEDIMENT ITS ASSOCIATED POLLUTANTS TRANSPORT AND TRANSPORT DEPOSITION POLLUTANTS ICID International Drainage Workshop, Ahwaz, Iran, 4-7 March 2017 4-7 March Iran, Ahwaz, Workshop, ICID Drainage International th Professor, School of Environment, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Professor and Head, School of Engineering, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Nathan, University, Griffith Engineering, of School Head, and Professor Research Associate, Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, Associate, Department of Biosystems and Research 13 Australia 3 Australia [email protected]; 524 S. Shaw Lane, Room: 7, East Lansing, MI, +1-517-353-3885. 48824, Tel: USA, 2 1 Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA. *Corresponding author: upstream area and within grass strips. and amount of different The model is capable of estimating the proportion sediment size classes in The the modifiedoutflow. Green-Ampt equation was used to simulate infiltration. Gradually varied flow and a kinematic by simulating and predicting flow characteristics and sediment transport The GUSED-VBS 2 model has been adjacent to and within grass strips. developed to simulate flow, erosion and deposition processes in the Grass buffer strips impact overland flow hydraulics models facilitate thesediment delivery from hillslopes. Mathematical and consequently in reducing sediment deliveryevaluation of performance of grass strips originate mainly from erosion of valuable topsoil of agricultural land. The topsoil of agricultural land. originate mainly from erosion of valuable begins with measures to controlcontrol of agricultural pollution usually erosion and sediment runoff. Silt and clay are primary carriers of adsorbed chemicals- especiallySilt and clay are primary carriers of most metals, and pathogensphosphorus, chlorinated pesticides- and, aquatic systems. Sedimentswhich are transported by sediment into ABSTRACT 40 Abstracts of Papers KEY WORDS: other receiving water bodies. its associatedpollutantsintothesurfacedrains,rivers,lakes, wetlandsand model is a tool to simulate transport and deposition of sediment along with opportunity forparticlestosettleandmorerunoff reduction. The new conditions such as high slope, wet soil and sparse grass strips by providing more extreme with associated efficiency trapping low the amend enough timetodepositaheadofthestrip.Havinglonggrassstripscan have not will particles lands, steep in high is velocity flow the and slopes high on forms backwater no As strip. the within occurs infiltration) (i.e. runoff in reduction significant a if particles fine of delivery the decrease substantially thus can strips Grass particles. finer than coarser for higher efficiency of grass strips in reducing the concentration of sediment is much strips compared with the deposited materialwithinthegrass strip. The coarse particles to behigherinthedepositedmaterialupstreamof grass with theexperimentalobservations,modelpredictedproportionof is themainregionforsedimentdepositiononlowslopes.Inagreement scenarios showedthatthebackwaterregionupstreamofdensegrassstrips Comparing theresultsofmodelsimulationsfordifferent prevalent delivery. efficiency of grass strips in reducing sediment concentration and sediment the decreased dramatically rate flow and steepness slope the Increasing and flow rate were the most sensitive parameters in predicting runoff loss. experiments. The sensitivityanalysisshowedthattheinitialsoilmoisture Model predictionsagreewellwithmeasureddatafromasetofcontrolled its basicapproachesinthesedimenttransportmoduleforgrassstrips. use to order in modified was model GUEST The strips. grass within and upstream characteristics flow simulate to used were approximation wave 13 th ICID InternationalDrainage ICID Workshop, Ahwaz, Iran,4-7March 2017 Model,GrassStrip,Sediment, Vegetated Strip. Topic 3

Abstracts of Papers 41 4 , E. Saleh 3 6 , I. Iskandar 2 , M. R. Abdillah , M. R. 5 A. Sudirman , Robiyanto H. Susanto , Robiyanto H. Susanto 1,* Aswandi SHALLOW DRAINAGE METHOD OF FOOD OF DRAINAGE METHOD SHALLOW CROPS AND DEEP DRAINAGE OF TREE AT THE AT TREE DRAINAGE OF AND DEEP CROPS COMPARISON OF THE BENEFIT FOR APPLYING APPLYING FOR THE BENEFIT OF COMPARISON RECLAIMED LOWLANDS IN JAMBI-INDONESIA RECLAIMED LOWLANDS ICID International Drainage Workshop, Ahwaz, Iran, 4-7 March 2017 4-7 March Iran, Ahwaz, Workshop, ICID Drainage International th Inacid Jambi/ University of Jambi. *Corresponding author: [email protected] Inacid Jambi/ University of Jambi. *Corresponding

Inacid South Sumatera/ Sriwijaya University Resources, Jambi Water The Head of BWS Jambi, DG Inacid Jambi/ Sendai, Japan University, Tohoku Inacid South Sumatera/ Sriwijaya University Inacid South Sumatera/ Sriwijaya University 13 4 5 6 1 2 3 on shallow water table (paddy). The simulations show that tree crops on shallow water table (paddy). subsidence which lead torelease abundant CO2 emission and strong table causes more CO2 emission and more subsidence than the shallowtable causes more CO2 emission and more groups of Two depth. drainage water table. Every plant has a different and forestry) which crops (industry Tree plants have been introduced: 1) oil); 2) Food crops which livelive on deep water table (acacia and palm data. Therefore, the utilization of this model for a long-term projectionTherefore, data. The impacts from various scenarios are investigated may be promising. shows clearly that the deep waterThe model using 100 years simulation. to peat oxidation, as well as the estimating of the subsidence based on soilto peat oxidation, as well as the estimating simulation for 4 years showed aconsolidation and peat losses. Short-term subsidence and the observationalgood agreement between the simulated were considered carefully to find the best scenario suitable for the region. the for suitable scenario best the find to carefully considered were we developed a 3-D (x,y,t) In order to quantify the impact of drainage, model can be used to estimate the CO2 emissions dueThe EmSub model. This research focuses on the projection of an irrigated tidal peat-swamp inThis research focuses on the projection of in order to assess the impactthe Rantau Makmur village, Jambi, Indonesia, Several drainages scenariosof peat losses due to the drainage system. ABSTRACT 42 Abstracts of Papers KEY WORDS: scenarios forlong-termlandmanagementplanninginthestudyarea. this paper. This will help users and decision makers to choose the best water table.Detailedresultsanddiscussionsofeveryplantareshownin emission andsubsidenceistriggeredbyacacias,whichneedaverydeep CO2 of rate highest the particular, significantly. In margins profit reduce of drainage.Inaddition,highCO2emissionandlarge subsidencecould largely to CO2emissionand subsidence. This mayberelated to the depth shows thattreecropsgroup(acacia,palmoil,rubber, jelutong)contribute food of model the general, In crops. tree than less is and ratio significantly drop crops profit/loss Therefore, inundation. to due soils not-usable emission. 13 th ICID InternationalDrainage ICID Workshop, Ahwaz, Iran,4-7March 2017 Spatial model, Drainage, Peat swamp, Subsidence, CO2 Spatialmodel,Drainage,Peatswamp,Subsidence,CO2 Topic 3

Abstracts of Papers 43 1,* Abdullah Darzi-Naftchali Abdullah Darzi-Naftchali RESPONSES ANALYSIS CONSEQUENCES CONSEQUENCES AND CROP SHALLOW SUBSURFACE DRAINAGE SUBSURFACE SHALLOW IN PADDY FIELDS: ENVIRONMENTAL FIELDS: ENVIRONMENTAL IN PADDY ICID International Drainage Workshop, Ahwaz, Iran, 4-7 March 2017 4-7 March Iran, Ahwaz, Workshop, ICID Drainage International th Water Engineering Department, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources Engineering Department, Sari Water 13 1 Sari, Iran. *Corresponding author: [email protected] University, 2015). Additionally, free drainage was practiced during 4- canola growing canola 4- during practiced was drainage free Additionally, 2015). phosphorus losses, salt loadsseasons in the study period. Nitrate and growing seasons. Salt loads andand crop yields were monitored in the the consolidated paddy fields was included in thisTwo study. types drainage and alternate irrigationwater management including mid-season of 4- rice growing seasons (2011- and drainage were experienced during system as a new approach. The pilot consisted of 11 shallow subsurface 11 The pilot consisted of system as a new approach. drain lines with 0.65 and drainage systems and a bilevelresulting in three conventional subsurface 0.9 m depths and 15 the traditional surface drainage of subsurface drainage system. Moreover, and 30 m spacings Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Mazandaran University, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources drainage strategies on crop of different explore effects province, Iran, to drainagea developing for losses nitrate and phosphorus salt, and yields hand, drainage should secure sustainable agriculture in the region withhand, drainage should secure sustainable comprehensive- drainage A environment. fragile less consequences on the pilot study was conducted on a 4.5 ha consolidated paddy fields of Sari in northern Iran which generally experience single crop per year, could single crop per year, in northern Iran which generally experience be a suitable target for improving self-sufficiency of the country if their On the other sustainable manner. drainage problems were controlled in a Increased population along with decreased productive lands due to urbanIncreased population along with decreased makers emphasizing on betterexpansion are major challenges of policy systems production Rice resources. land profitable available limited of use ABSTRACT 44 Abstracts of Papers Productivity. KEY WORDS: fields. paddy Iran’s northern in sustainability agricultural ensure could in rice and canola yield. Based on the results, shallow drainage systems improvement intheoverallproductivityofstudyareathroughincrease intensity resultedinmorenitrateloss.Subsurfacedrainagecausedgradual drains. Underdifferent water managementstrategies,increaseindrainage phosphorus lossesweregenerallyhigherundershallowdrainsthandeep 13 th ICID InternationalDrainage ICID Workshop, Ahwaz, Iran,4-7March 2017 Annual cropping,Nitrogen,Phosphorous,Saltload, Topic 3

Abstracts of Papers 45 1,* Behzad Ghanbarian UPSCALING HYDRAULIC FROM STATISTICAL PHYSICS FROM STATISTICAL CONDUCTIVITY IN SOILS: TECHNIQUES IN SOILS: CONDUCTIVITY ICID International Drainage Workshop, Ahwaz, Iran, 4-7 March 2017 4-7 March Iran, Ahwaz, Workshop, ICID Drainage International th Department of & Geosystems Engineering, University of Texas at Texas Department of Petroleum & Geosystems Engineering, University of 13 1 78712. Texas. Austin, Austin. *Corresponding author: [email protected]; Hydraulic conductivity, Upscaling. Hydraulic conductivity, as practical applications of each method are discussed in details.as practical applications of each method approximation, WORDS: Critical path analysis, Effective-medium KEY statistical physics to upscale hydraulic conductivity in heterogeneousstatistical physics to upscale hydraulic The former is valid in strongly porous media like soils be considered. applicable to homogeneous andheterogeneous media, while the latter is and disadvantages as wellAdvantages relatively heterogeneous systems. however, soils, exist neither in series nor in parallel form, but are complex however, proposed that techniques, suchmulti-scale networks. In this study it is approximations from as critical path analysis and effective-medium are based on weighted arithmetic and harmonic means corresponding,are based on weighted arithmetic and respectively to the parallel (layered soils parallel to flow direction) and series (layered soils perpendicular to flow direction) models. In reality, been a challenge over the years, and rigorous techniques applicable tobeen a challenge over the years, and rigorous the literature, most of the appliedheterogeneous soils are still required. In Kof value representative and effective an determining for used methods Estimating single- and two-phase hydraulic conductivities in soils,Estimating single- and two-phase hydraulic scales, is essential for designing irrigation systems particularly in large Therefore, upscaling hydraulic conductivity K has and drainage networks. ABSTRACT 46 Abstracts of Papers 4 Korea. [email protected] 3 Korea. [email protected] 2 jeongryeol. author: *Corresponding [email protected] Korea of Republic 15634, Gyeonggi-do 1 conventional the to compared as mm) 298.4 treatment: water mm, 394.5 (conventional: 24.2% by decreases treatment water of drainage the that fertilizer wasappliedinbothplots. The waterbalanceanalysisindicated to midsummerdrainageandthenraised12cmafterward. Chemical while the water depth of water treated plots were maintained at 7 cm cm, 7 at fields paddy of depth water average an maintain to applied were were applied:conventionalandwatertreatment.Conventionalpractices practices farming different two the study this In 2015. and 2013 in field during the growing season to assess water and mass balances of the study Iksan-si, intheSaemangeumwatershed. The experimentwasperformed Chunpo-myeon, at established were fields experimental The cultivation. to reduce pollutant loads and to develop guidelines for paddy rice The objectiveofthisstudywastodevelopwatermanagementpractices ABSTRACT Republic [email protected] Sciences, ResearchInstituteofGreen EcoEngineering,SeoulNationalUniversity, 5 [email protected] Korea. of Republic University, National Seoul Sciences, Life 13 Department of Rural Systems Engineering, Research Institute for Agriculture & Life DepartmentofRuralSystemsEngineering, ResearchInstitutefor Agriculture & DepartmentofRuralSystemsEngineering,SeoulNationalUniversity, Republicof DepartmentofRuralSystemsEngineering,SeoulNationalUniversity, Republicof RuralResearchInstituteoftheKRCC,Haean-ro870,Sangnok-gu, Ansan-si, th ICID InternationalDrainage ICID Workshop, Ahwaz, Iran,4-7March 2017 EFFECTS OF CONTROLLEDDRAINAGE ON NON-POINT SOURCEDISCHARGE Jeong Ryeol Jang FROM PADDY RICEINKOREA InhongSong 1,* , KyeungKim 4 , MoonSeongKang 2 , JungHunSong 5 3

Topic 3

Abstracts of Papers 47 Paddy, Non-point source, Drainage outlet heighten,source, Drainage Non-point Paddy, ICID International Drainage Workshop, Ahwaz, Iran, 4-7 March 2017 4-7 March Iran, Ahwaz, Workshop, ICID Drainage International th 13 guidelines for farmers. WORDS: KEY Mass balance balance, Water and T-P and T-P decreases from 0.6% to 3.3% respectively as compared to conventional the treatment. The results of this study confirmedtreatment in thatpaddy fields reduces water pollutant loads and could be used as a by 38.0% (conventional: 0.125 kg/10a, water treatment: 0.077 when drainage load kg/10a) T-N conventional treatment. as compared to the compared to the inflow of watertreatment decreases from 0.5% to 3.3% The mass balance analysis indicated that T-N (Total-Nitrogen) drainage (Total-Nitrogen) T-N that balance analysis indicated The mass load of water treatment decreases by 27.1% (conventional: 1.25 kg/10a, decreases Phosphorus) (Total T-P and 0.91 kg/10a) water treatment: treatment. treatment. Drainage when compared to the decreases from inflow0.9% to 9.6% as compared to the conventional treatment. of water treatment 48 Abstracts of Papers 1 field. the in construction pilot through cost to cultivate highland-field crops. The following results were acquired proposed to be utilized for the improvement of reclaimed land at low- and subsoil breaking andno-excavationsubsurface drainagesystemwere of subsurface drainage system todraw a high-capacity drainagesystem, the dryseason.Inthisstudy, seepageanalysiswasconductedoneachtype of rootzonesoilcausedbythecapillaryrisesalinegroundwater during reclaimed land.Inaddition,thereisthemajorproblemofre-salinization of component major a is which soil grained fine of characteristics the to due drain to difficult is that soil salinity in located high mostly containing zones itis lowland because land, in reclaimed crops highland-field cultivate to difficult is it However, rice. of instead crops highland-field environment, andtheearningofahigherrevenuefromfarming to copewiththechangesininternationalanddomesticagricultural for the necessity to a smoothmanagementofgrainsupplyanddemandinordertobeable due crops, highland-field for cultivated be to land paddy fields in Korea, there is a currently a need to improve the reclaimed Although inthepastreclaimedlandwasdevelopedandusedmainlyas ABSTRACT [email protected] 3 [email protected] 2 [email protected] author: 13 Director General, Overseas Project Office, Korea Rural Community Corporation. Community Rural Korea Office, Project Overseas General, Director PresidentDirector,Rural Mi-Rae Technology ResearchCenter. *Corresponding Manager, RuralResearchInstitute,Korea RuralCommunity Corporation. th ICID InternationalDrainage ICID Workshop, Ahwaz, Iran,4-7March 2017 CULTIVATED WITH UPLANDFIELDCROP IN THE RECLAIMEDLOWLAND TO BE IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGESYSTEM NON-EXCAVATION SUBSURFACE Hyuntai Kim 1,* , DongukSeo 2 , JeonyongRyu 3 Topic 3

Abstracts of Papers 49 Subsoil breaking, subsurface irrigation and drainage, Subsoil breaking, subsurface irrigation ICID International Drainage Workshop, Ahwaz, Iran, 4-7 March 2017 4-7 March Iran, Ahwaz, Workshop, ICID Drainage International th 13 is highly effective for the development of reclaimed land. for the development of reclaimed is highly effective WORDS: KEY Subsurface horizontal filter system, Non-excavation system. subsoil breaking and subsurface irrigation and drain system, it was foundsubsoil breaking and subsurface irrigation by damage any without status high moderately a had growth crop that to the conclusion that the systemmoisture during the wet season, and it led confirmed that the system made the desalinization of soil from 10~15ds/m from soil of desalinization the made system the that confirmed to 2~5ds/m within a year under the condition of natural rainfall possible. reclaimed land desalinized byAs the result of crop cultivation on the pilot It was proven that subsoil breaking and subsurface irrigation and drain subsurface irrigation and It was proven that subsoil breaking and systems were efficient to cleanAnd it was also re-salinization. irrigation water as well as to prevent the drain system underground using whatsmore, construction cost dropped significantly (75%) and subsurface and (75%) significantly dropped cost construction whatsmore, drain and desalinization performance was far superior (over 150%) with 5m intervals in parallel with subsoil breaking method 10m intervals. existing method with than that of the As a result of the construction of a pilot a cost-effective non-excavation of a pilot a cost-effective As a result of the construction subsurface irrigation and method, due to the application of a non-excavation workability improved drainage system, it was confirmed that subsurface drainage system installation methods. subsurface drainage irrigation and drainage system isThe introduction of a subsurface re-salinization. prevent to and systems drain clean to necessary method, to improve the land to be cultivated for highland-field crop. is by soil type, it spacing (3~10m) to array the appropriate In order non-excavation cost-effective introduce and develop to necessary Reclaimed soil of Korea, which is mostly impermeable (k<1×10-4 cm/s),(k<1×10-4 impermeable mostly is which Korea, of soil Reclaimed and 2.subsoil breaking drains introduction of 1.subsurface requires the 50 Abstracts of Papers 1 treated soil canreducedrainedwatervolume.Inthetreatment analysis, and high very is soil zeolite-treated in infiltration that showed results to erosionandslippagecapableofprovidinggooddrainage. The containing recycled waste materials for plants growth. Itisresistant rainfall events. Itindicates supportive suitability of thesubstratemix performance of both grass and sedum model green roofs under simulated in green roofs.Thisstudyincludes the establishment, development, and capacity storage water soil and runoff, soil, the into infiltration rainfall main aim ofthisstudy istoinvestigate the impact of natural zeolite on to slidingwhenplaced on aslopewereinvestigated. Therefore, the recycled materials, as well as its susceptibility to erosion and resistance growth medium, drainagepropertiesofthesubstratemixcontaining drainage layer. Inaddition, the roleofsuperabsorbingmaterials as a are supported by lightweight growing media (substrate) overlying a materials in asubstratemixforextensivegreenroofs,whereplants runoff quantity. This studyinvestigates the viability of superabsorbing countries asasolutiontoimproveenvironmental quality andreduce The application ofgreenroofsisincreasingly recognized in many ABSTRACT 3 [email protected] 2 *Corresponding author:[email protected], Tel: +989192131984 13 Chief Executive Officer, Pars Peyab Consulting Engineers. [email protected] ResearchStudent, Water engineeringDepartment,ZanjanUniversity, Iran. Assistant Professor, Water engineeringDepartment,Zanjan University, Iran. th ICID InternationalDrainage ICID Workshop, Ahwaz, Iran,4-7March 2017 MATERIAL IN A SUBSTRATE MIXFOR POTENTIAL OF SUPER ABSORBING Farhad Misaghi EXTENSIVE GREENROOFS 1,* , ZeinabBigdeli 2 , MasoudSaeedi 3 Topic 3

Abstracts of Papers 51 Green Roof, Super Absorbing Material, Drainage. Green Roof, Super ICID International Drainage Workshop, Ahwaz, Iran, 4-7 March 2017 4-7 March Iran, Ahwaz, Workshop, ICID Drainage International th 13 into the wider perspective of sustainability benefits. WORDS: KEY drainage and preserving water in the soils were too low and the lowest too low and the lowest in the soils were preserving water drainage and ml).The (5 zeolite 3% with treated soil in seen was water drained of rate roofs used to extend green were this laboratory investigation results of the highest rate of drained water was recorded as 20.5 (ml) and it was thus shown as runoff, is a lacks of water soil there that in untreated 52 Abstracts of Papers tutrs SNIRA TURKEY 3 SANLIURFA, Structures, 2 1 different between effects nosignificantly were There fields. whole the parallel drainsandthesameagriculturalprocesshasbeen appliedfor between planted was corn year, first the In m. 120 spaced drains parallel used inthisstudy. Inaddition,acrossdrainpipewasplacedbetweentwo were m) 1,8 and m 1,5 m, (1,2 differentdepths three drain m)and 75 and m 60 m, (45 spacings drain different Three investigated. are yield corn and different drain depths on the effects of water table, salinization and this study, somedrainage criteriawerestudied.Different drainspacings quality. Thus, high water table and soil salinization increasingly spread. In from infiltrated resulted inadirecthydrologicalconnectionbetweenwatersofdifferent waters quality low irrigation hasraisedthewatertableofperchedaquiferwhichis The structure. hydrogeological plain hasahighwatertablewhichwascausedbyirrigation,geological- this in ha 50.000 of part the Approximately,1995. since irrigated irrigated been scale big first the is area in South Eastern Anatolia Project (GAP) in Turkey. hectares, This Plain has 225000 totally plain, Harran ABSTRACT *Corresponding author:[email protected] ANKARA) Lodumlu, Livestock and Agriculture 4 DIYARBAKIR, TURKEY 13 GAP Agricultural ResearchInstitute,63040SANLIURFA, TURKEY Dicle University, Agricultural Faculty, Department ofIrrigationandFarmStructures, General Directorateof Agricultural ReformRepublicof Turkey MinistryofFood Harran University, Agricultural Faculty, DepartmentofIrrigationandFarm th ICID InternationalDrainage ICID Workshop, Ahwaz, Iran,4-7March 2017 OnerCetin Abdullah SuatNacar SPACING ON WATERDEPTHS AND TABLE LEVEL AND SOIL SALINITY INHARRAN THE EFFECTSOF DIFFERENT DRAIN 3,* , HuseyinGungor PLAIN OFPLAIN TURKEY 1 , VeliDegirmenci 4 , RamazanErdem 1 , IdrisBahceci 4 , M.SamiNacar 2 , Meral Tas, 1 1 Topic 3

Abstracts of Papers 53 drainage, drain depth, drain space, salinity drainage, drain depth, ICID International Drainage Workshop, Ahwaz, Iran, 4-7 March 2017 4-7 March Iran, Ahwaz, Workshop, ICID Drainage International th 13 KEY WORDS: KEY of crosswise drains and different drain spacings and drain depths. The and drain depths. drain spacings drains and different of crosswise root zone will be the salt variation of drain spacings on of different effects evaluated at the end of the first year and the third year of the study. drain spaces on the crop yields. The depths of water table were rangedThe depths of water on the crop yields. drain spaces for both of the areas the irrigation season cm to 140 cm during from 120 54 Abstracts of Papers KEY WORDS: and waterproductivity were also increased. respectively. By increasing the values of nitrogen fertilizer the wheat yield CD120, 10% than more 57.9% and 52.6 was CD90 and was CD60 in productivity CD60 in water The CD120. yield than more 18% was wheat CD90 in and CD120 than the lower that showed results The depths. control water tables at 60cm (CD60), 90 cm (CD90) and 120 cm (CD120) levels; 0,200and300kgN/hathreewatertabledepthsincluding complete block design. The treatments were consisted at three fertilizer fertilizer onwheatyieldandwaterproductivityasafactorialrandomized was conductedtoevaluatetheeffect ofcontrolleddrainageandnitrogen technique tocontrolwaterlevelforincreasingtheyield. This research is amajoraglobalissues.Controlleddrainage(CD)management The growthofworldpopulationanddemandforagriculturalproducts ABSTRACT 2 sponding author, Email:[email protected] 1 13 Formergraduatestudentof Water Eng.Department,Shiraz University, Shiraz,Iran Associate Prof.of Water Eng.Department,ShirazUniversity, Shiraz,Iran,Corre th ICID InternationalDrainage ICID Workshop, Ahwaz, Iran,4-7March 2017 NITROGEN AND CONTROLLEDDRAINAGE ASSESSMENT OF DIFFERENT LEVELSOF ON YIELD AND WATERYIELD AND ON PRODUCTIVITY Controlled drainage, Fertilizer, Wheat, Water productivity. Masoud Noshadi 1 , SamanehKarimi 2 - Topic 3

Abstracts of Papers 55 2 , Ashutosh Upadhyaya 1,* IN BIHAR - A CASE STUDY A IN BIHAR - Lal Bahadur Roy Land drainage, Waterlogging, Rainfall frequency analysis, FOR LAND DRAINAGE CRITERIA FOR LAND DRAINAGE RAINFALL FREQUENCY ANALYSIS ANALYSIS FREQUENCY RAINFALL ICID International Drainage Workshop, Ahwaz, Iran, 4-7 March 2017 4-7 March Iran, Ahwaz, Workshop, ICID Drainage International th Professor, Civil Engineering Department, NIT Patna. *Corresponding author: Civil Engineering Department, NIT Professor, Principal Scientist, ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region 13 1 [email protected] 2 KEY WORDS: KEY Drainage coefficient, Gamma distribution period of 2 to 20 years, the plotting position method gives the lowest values ofperiod of 2 to 20 years, the plotting position one day maximum rainfall. Drainage coefficient with a bund height as 100 mm and 150 mm have also been determined from depth duration frequency curves. consecutive days of maximum rainfall over various return periods.consecutive days of maximum rainfall over that Gamma distribution gives theThe comparison of these methods, show best coefficient for the determination and predicts values closer to the valuesResults also show that for a returnobtained by the plotting position method. years and a crop tolerance period, which helps in the determination of a drainageyears and a crop tolerance period, which helps coefficient for agricultural fields, utilizing the daily rainfall data and positions plotting method A of the period 1980-2009 has been considered. Patna for to estimate one day to sevenother probability distributions have been applied floods and droughts. Among the adverse effects of floods isagriculture fields, waterlogging since there in is no adequate land drainage system in the state. of one to seven consecutive days the determining of the effects In this study, period varying from 2 to 20of maximum rainfall corresponding to a return which occurs mainly due to the rise of the groundwater table beyond permissiblewhich occurs mainly due to the rise of the groundwater of ha M 6 to 3 about affected already has waterlogging to subjected Land limits. cultivable land in India. and is facing the two problems of Bihar is an agriculture based state of India Irrigation and drainage are complimentary to each other. Normally land Normally to each other. Irrigation and drainage are complimentary drainage is a problem in very is a world-wide phenomenonThe problem of waterlogging flatto waterlogging. or level land. Drainage congestion leads ABSTRACT 56 Abstracts of Papers flood control and drainage improvement, about 7,555 km of embankment of disaster among the vulnerable community. Under the programme of during heavyrainfall,drought,pestsincropsetc.thatincrease therisk cyclones, embankment erosion, tidal surges, salinity, water logging, floods land usepractices. There aremanynaturaland man-madehazardslike a numberofecologicallyinconsistentdevelopmentalintervention and ecosystem and fluctuating socio-economic life patterns that are caused by vulnerable. The complexity arise through vulnerable coastal and mangrove are graduallybecomingpowerless,socio-economicallymarginalized and Bangladesh portraysacutesocio-ecologicalcomplexities, where people a protectedenvironmentforpeople’s resources. The coastalregionof provide embankments effect. These tidal or floodwater retain to river the dykes whichareconstructedalongariverbankandatsomedistancefrom flooding or coastal tidal surge of low-lying land are also called a levees or for agriculturalproductionindryseasons.Embankmentsbuilttoprevent canals in water sweet of preservation the ensure to and flooding tidal by to grow more food by protecting coastal land from saline intrusion caused 1960s since polders 139 made have Bangladesh. They of districts coastal Development Board(BWDB)constructedanembankmentinthe14 comprehensive livelihoodonthecoastalembankment.Bangladesh Water People ofthecoastalbeltBangladesharefullydependentfortheir ABSTRACT 2 +8801717337451 Tel:[email protected], 1 13 Assistant Director. 155, Jalil Sharoni, Boyra, Khulna-9100. [email protected] Research Officer. 155, Jalil Sharoni, Boyra, Khulna-9100.*Corresponding author: author: Khulna-9100.*Corresponding Boyra, Sharoni, Jalil Officer. 155, Research th ICID InternationalDrainage ICID Workshop, Ahwaz, Iran,4-7March 2017 TO MITIGATE VULNERABLE ECOSYSTEM POLDER DRAINAGESYSTEM OF COASTAL BANGLADESH Subrota Saha 1,* , SatchidanandaBiswas 2 Topic 3

Abstracts of Papers 57 Polder, Ecosystem, Mitigation, BWDB, Zaminder, CRA. Ecosystem, Mitigation, BWDB, Zaminder, Polder, ICID International Drainage Workshop, Ahwaz, Iran, 4-7 March 2017 4-7 March Iran, Ahwaz, Workshop, ICID Drainage International th 13 construct and maintain a sustainable embankment. WORDS: KEY farmers from accessing and controlling water bodies, causing them tofarmers from accessing and controlling now officials government local The crop. single a with land their cultivate and feel more accountable toproperly understand community demands 1980s people with money and access to power started taking lease of thestarted taking lease of power 1980s people with money and access to asand shrimp farms; saline water to cultivate Polders inside water bodies were made in the embankmenta result thousands of unplanned cannels Whatsmore, it also excluded poor causing it to become thin and weak. the constructing and repairing of the embankment, but it has developedthe constructing and repairing of the embankment, constructed at certain places togaps over the years. Sluice gates were also But since, to inland canals. /channel from the sea channeling water control to manage the polder system for embankment & canals in the contextto manage the polder system for embankment of sustainability. The Embankment and Drainage Act 1952 ensures through water by the damage other or erosion floods, from lands of protection of sluice gate, regular monitoring of the embankment, illegal cutting ofof sluice gate, regular monitoring of the farming, etc. Here the greatestthe embankment to set pipes for shrimp involvement or a community based approach concern was people’s protection against flood and saline water intrusion factors of embankment depends on many coastal The function of the in the coastal area. sluice gates, issues were the management of which the most prominent maintenance& operation gate, sluice the downstream canals managing basin, channel improvements, flow diversions and bank stabilization and network of dikes comprises a complex The CEP anti-erosive measures. and drainage sluices and was the first comprehensive plan for providing been implemented. Thus, about 24% of the total land area and of success the 39% However, protected. been have area cultivated net the of detention depends technically on the natural embankment construction 1,082 river closures and 3,204 km of drainage channels have been built at have been built km of drainage channels closures and 3,204 1,082 river projects,332 of total a scheme the Under taka. core thousand a of cost the aimed at protecting 3.5 million ha of land from flood inundation, have (including coastal embankments of about 4,000 km), 7,907 hydraulic of about 4,000 coastal embankments (including river regulators, around one thousand including sluices, and structures 58 Abstracts of Papers f ern P O Bx 11 Krj 18-77, rn [email protected] Iran. 31587-77871, Karaj 2 4111, Box O. P. Tehran, of Reclamation Engineering,Collegeof Agriculture andNaturalResources,University 1 for inversemodeling.Inthisstudy, measureddatawasobtainedfrom must beestimated,therebyreducingthecomputationaltime required role inallowingapossiblereductionthenumberofparameters that optimization algorithm.Inthismethod,sensitivityanalysis hasavital model inputsbymatchingaforwardtomeasureddata withinan of soil properties. Inverse modeling is defined as the process of estimating subsurface drainagesystemsand compares itwithin-situ determination algorithm inestimatingsoilhydraulicandsolutetransportparameters of this study is to present an inverse modeling approach with a genetic models depends extensively on theaccuracy of themodel inputs, the aim crop yieldandenvironmentalissues.Sincetheaccuracyofsimulation describing of theinteractionsbetween subsurface drainagesystems, systems. Simulationmodelsarepowerfultoolswhichusedforthe simulation modelshavebeenextensivelyappliedforevaluatingsuch Due tothetimeandspatiallimitationsofsubsurfacedrainagepilots, ABSTRACT 18-77, rn [email protected] Iran. 31587-77871, Agriculture andNaturalResources, Universityof Tehran, P. O.Box4111, Karaj 3 Tel/fax: [email protected]; 00982632241119 author: *Corresponding Iran. 31587-77871, Karaj College of Agriculture andNaturalResources, University of Tehran. P. O.Box4111, 13 Professor, Departmentof Irrigation andReclamationEngineering, College of Assistant Professor, Department of Irrigation andReclamation Engineering, Graduate student of Irrigation and Drainage, Department of Irrigation and th ICID InternationalDrainage ICID Workshop, Ahwaz, Iran,4-7March 2017 Amir Sedaghatdoost AND SOLUTE TRANSPORT PARAMETERS USINGINVERSEMODELING APPROACH IN SUBSURFACE DRAINAGESYSTEMS ESTIMATING SOIL HYDRAULIC 1 , HamedEbrahimian 2,* , Abdolmajid Liaghat 3 Topic 3

Abstracts of Papers 59 Indirect methods, Soil properties, Simulation, Drainage, Indirect methods, Soil properties, Simulation, ICID International Drainage Workshop, Ahwaz, Iran, 4-7 March 2017 4-7 March Iran, Ahwaz, Workshop, ICID Drainage International th 13 Optimization drainage salinity were 0.83, 0.95 and 0.89, respectively. WORDS: KEY watertable depth and drainage salinity are influential the outputs of the drainagehydraulic properties that could simulate in obtaining soil By using this objective function in determining soil systems accurately. water table depth discharge, properties, NSE value for predicting drainage respectively. In Shaeibie study area, minimizing the objective function respectively. and water table depth and alsowhich included salinity of drainage water of drainage discharge, the objective function, based on the combination appropriate approach which can determine soil hydraulic parameters. Byappropriate approach which can determine applying an inverse modeling efficiencyapproach, (NSE)Nash–Sutcliffe value for predicting drainage discharge and salinity were 0.63 and 0.79, these parameters were selected in order to be determined by the inversethese parameters were selected in order objectivethe area, minimizing study Amirkabir the approach. In modeling and salinity is the most function which is based on drainage discharge analysis of the SWAP model in both studied areas showed that n shape model in both studied analysis of the SWAP to impermeableconductivity (Kh), depth hydraulic lateral parameter, most the are parameter shape α and (θs), content water saturated (D), layer Thus, outputs. drainage subsurface simulating in parameters sensitive functions which were based on the discrepancies between measured and based on the discrepancies between measured functions which were water table depth and drainage drainage discharge, simulated values of Sensitivity in the inverse modeling approach. salinity was evaluated subsurface drainage systems. This model simulates transient water flow rate by drain discharge equation including the extraction using Richards’ objective of different The accuracy as sink terms. in the saturated zone texture soils. The available measured data for Amirkabir site wasAmirkabir for measured data The available texture soils. also available table depth was salinity while water and drainage discharge outputs of for simulating the model was used site. SWAP for Shaeibie Amirkabir and Shaeibie sugarcane plantations which have subsurface plantations which and Shaeibie sugarcane Amirkabir drainage systems. Both studied areas are semi-arid regions with fine- 60 Abstracts of Papers 3 Shahrekord University. [email protected] 2 [email protected] 1 Jahad-e-Nasr Recently coefficient. drainage Institute, theimplementingagencyforlandreclamationprojects inthe the of root square the to Based onthe obtained calculations, drain spacing is inverselyproportional build upandplantyieldreduction. remains at its highest desirable level in the soil profile, without any salinity to providebetterconditionsfortheaerationofplantroots,while salinity in additiontokeepingthewatertableatanappropriatemaximumlevel which method, applicable efficient and economical most the preparing of objective the with done is coefficient drainage the optimizing Therefore and thereducingofsoilworkabilityconditionsforagriculturalpractices. uptake ofappropriatecombinationwater, airandnutrientsbytheroots cause ariseinthewatertablerootdevelopmentzone,limiting network andcostlydesign.Ontheotherhand,underestimationofitmay subdrain congested in results coefficient this of estimation Over design. network subdrain in criterion determinative a is coefficient drainage The ABSTRACT 13 Projectmanager, Abvarzan [email protected] Associate Professor, Departmentofwaterengineering,Faculty Agriculture, Projectmanager, Abvarzan Consulting Engineers. *Correspondingauthor: th ICID InternationalDrainage ICID Workshop, Ahwaz, Iran,4-7March 2017 THE IMPACT OF REDUCINGSUBDRAINDEPTH ON ESTIMATED DRAINAGECOEFFICIENT AND Vorya Soufiahmadi SALINITY OF DRAINAGE WATER 1 , MahdiGhobadinia 2 , Ahmad Dehghan , Ahmad 3 Topic 3

Abstracts of Papers 61 Drainage coefficient, Glover-dumm, Salt outlet index, ICID International Drainage Workshop, Ahwaz, Iran, 4-7 March 2017 4-7 March Iran, Ahwaz, Workshop, ICID Drainage International th 13 KEY WORDS: KEY Sub drain depth. 6-Glover-dumm 6-Glover-dumm performance index was amount of salt entering theoutlet index (SEI) was negative and 8-the calculated as environment decreased. 0.035 7-salt table dropped from one meter to 89 cm 5- a few days after irrigation the electrical conductivity of drain outflow experienced a reduced trend, yet trend.open collectors showed an increasing ground water and of that evaluated. The findings of the research are as follows: 1-the rise of water table exceeds the allowable design 2-the water final 4-the decreased outflowconductivity 3-electrical reduced were laterals of the calculated drainage coefficient, some parts of the above mentioned betweenlevel water the measuring by addition, In selected. were plains reducing ground water table wasthe sub drains, the role of drainage for on the calculated drainage coefficient and drainage water salinity loads, Mianab-e-shushtarthe in laterals network subdrain implemented two respectively were 10000 of 14000 and plains with areas and Shoeibieh with it compare and coefficient drainage the measure to order In selected. be reduced by 20%, but, the changes for drain spacing have not taken into taken not have spacing drain for changes the but, 20%, by reduced be works for installing subdrains. account during execution depths subdrain of reducing to assess the impact In this research in order network, ,of which the most important one is the reduction of the depth of most important one is the reduction of network, ,of which the Basedmeters. 1.5 1.3- to 1.7 – 1.5 of average an from installation lateral spacing mustas the result of these changes the drain on the calculations, spacing is determined on the basis of recommended cropping patternscropping recommended of basis the on determined is spacing and the calculated drainage coefficients. In contrary with to the designed specifications, the implementing agency has made some changes in the Khuzestan & Ilam provinces is implementing the sub drain network is implementing & Ilam provinces Khuzestan in an area of 550, 000 hectares. In the above said provinces. The drain 62 Abstracts of Papers More than four decades have passed since the government of Egypt More thanfourdecadeshavepassedsincethegovernment ofEgypt agricultural productivity. many effects andmultipleimpactsthatgobeyondthesole objective of for mainly season, social andeconomicalreasons.Experiencehasshownthat drainagehas the growing interruption without fields cropped in implementation capacityandtheneedtocomplete construction It also involved significant operational challenges including the necessary challenges. technical and institutional financial, huge imposed program been has time present the to carried outconsecutively. up The implementationofsuchalarge scale acres million 5.8 than more cover to The implementationofaphasedprogramstartingin1970and continuing acres). million 6 about (then lands irrigated to launchaprogramdevelopdrainageinfrastructurescoverallthe strategic visionandgovernmentalplanningwerebehindthedecision subsurface drainagesystemsextendingoverlarge areasth. At thetime Among developing countries, Egypt is considered as a country with once theconversiontoperennialcroppingsystemoccured. agricultural landsintheNile Valley andtheEgyptianDeltawasrealized for thesustainabilityofagriculturalproduction. The needfordrainageof In aridcountriessuchasEgypt,irrigationanddrainageareessentialfactors ABSTRACT (NWRC), Cairo,EgyptandChairman ofENCID. 2 Egypt and Vice Presidentof ICID 1 13 Dr. Mohamed Hassan Amer: Professor Emeritus, National Water Research Center Dr. Mohamed Abdel-Moneim Shehata Wahba: DeputyChairmanofRCTWS, th ICID InternationalDrainage ICID Workshop, Ahwaz, Iran,4-7March 2017 DRAINAGE AND FUTUREREQUIREMENTS OF EXPERIENCE WITH AGRICULTURAL EGYPT’S FOURDECADES M. A. S. WahbaS. M. A. 1,* , M.H. Amer 2 Topic 3

Abstracts of Papers 63 Subsurface drainage, drainage materials, controlled drainage,Subsurface drainage, ICID International Drainage Workshop, Ahwaz, Iran, 4-7 March 2017 4-7 March Iran, Ahwaz, Workshop, ICID Drainage International th 13 KEY WORDS: KEY and Developments Vision Future drainage technology, drainage design criteria, in Drainage the Egyptian experience in the field of agricultural drainage and the future the and drainage agricultural of field the in experience Egyptian the challenges. need to cope with global challenges such as water shortage, drought, water quality deterioration, drought, water such as water shortage, challenges the are threatening impacts, all of which and its unexpected climate change sustainability of the irrigated crops. This paper identifies and synthesizes initiated its present program to develop effective drainage systems to drainage systems to develop effective present program initiated its Egypt is facing great land. Nowadays all the agricultural cover almost 64 Abstracts of Papers Abstracts of Papers 65 Topic 4: Topic

Application 4 of Alternative Drainage Methods 66 Abstracts of Papers Topic 4

Abstracts of Papers 67 2 3 , Behrouz Mostafazadeh-Fard , Behrouz Mostafazadeh-Fard 1,* Jahangir Abedi Koupai Jahangir Shahab Ansari BARLEY CULTIVATION USING A USING CULTIVATION BARLEY SOIL SALINITY CONTROL UNDER CONTROL SALINITY SOIL LABORATORY DRY DRAINAGE MODEL DRY LABORATORY ICID International Drainage Workshop, Ahwaz, Iran, 4-7 March 2017 4-7 March Iran, Ahwaz, Workshop, ICID Drainage International th Professor, Water Engineering Department, College of Agriculture, Isfahan College of Engineering Department, Water Professor, Professor, Water Engineering Department, College of Agriculture, Isfahan Engineering Department, College of Water Professor, Ph. D. Student, Water Engineering Department, College of Agriculture, Isfahan College of Engineering Department, Water Ph. D. Student, 13 3 Isfahan Technology, Isfahan, Iran. Isfahan University of Technology, University of 84156-83111, Iran. [email protected], Tel: +983133913433. 2 Isfahan Technology, of Isfahan, Iran. Isfahan University Technology, University of 84156-83111, Iran. [email protected], Tel: +983133913430. 1 University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran. yahoo.com; *Corresponding Isfahan author: University ansari.sh65@ of +989139780991. Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran Tel: areas especially under plant cultivation. In this study a laboratory modelareas especially under plant cultivation. was used to investigate soil saltswhich is able to simulate dry drainage soil salinity and the water table of irrigated land. There are few studiesThere are few land. soil salinity and the water table of irrigated to study soil salt changesabout dry drainage concepts. it is also important irrigated areas to non-irrigatedover time because of salt movements from semi-arid regions to remove excess salts from irrigated lands to non- semi-arid regions to remove excess salts In the dry drainage method,irrigated or fallow lands is dry drainage. of fallow land is used to controlnatural soil system and the evaporation These methods increase agriculture production; but they are expensiveThese methods increase agriculture production; inexpensivethe of One contaminations. environmental cause often and that can be used in arid andand more environmental friendly methods The drainage of agricultural fields is carried out in order to control soil drainage methods such assalinity and the water table. Conventional years.many for used been have drains interceptor and drainage lateral ABSTRACT 68 Abstracts of Papers water. KEY WORDS: salinity. soil control conditions exist,drydrainagecanbeusedasausefulmanagementtoolto salinity oftheirrigatedarea.Inaridandsemi-aridregionswheresuitable non-irrigated areawas 2.81 timesmorethantheincreaseof the meansoil At theendofexperiment,increasemeansoilsalinity over time. Soil surface salinities of non-irrigated areas increased with time. and accumulatedinthenon-irrigatedarealeachingratechanged salinity ofanirrigatedarea. The excesssaltsleached fromanirrigatedarea different time. The Resultsshowedthatdrydrainagecancontrolthesoil season soilsalinitiesofirrigatedandnon-irrigatedareasweremeasuredat barley growingseasonandforaconstantwatertable.Duringthe transport underbarleycultivation. The modelwasstudiedduringthe 13 th ICID InternationalDrainage ICID Workshop, Ahwaz, Iran,4-7March 2017 Barley, Drydrainage,Salt movement,Shallowground Topic 4

Abstracts of Papers 69 1,* Ashraf El Sayed Ismail Ashraf El Sayed Ismail IN AREAS RURAL LOW COST TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY TREATMENT COST LOW IN-STREAM WETLAND AS A IN-STREAM AS A POTENTIAL WETLAND ICID International Drainage Workshop, Ahwaz, Iran, 4-7 March 2017 4-7 March Iran, Ahwaz, Workshop, ICID Drainage International th Deputy Director , Drainage Research Institute, National Water Research Center, Research Center, Water National Deputy Director , Drainage Research Institute, 13 Member, ICID Working Group on Sustainable Drainage. Drainage Research Institute Group on Sustainable Working ICID Member, *Corresponding author: [email protected]; Box P.O. 13621/5, Delta Barrage +20242189841, Fax: +2042189153. (El Tel: Kanater), Cairo, Egypt, 1 Egypt. when flat land is available at reasonable price. Among the natural treatment natural the Among price. reasonable at available is land flat when potential for application in ruralsystems, in-stream wetland has a high takes place within the drain.areas of Egypt where the treatment process has contributed to widespread degradation of drainage water quality, thus of drainage water quality, has contributed to widespread degradation the reuse of drainage water plans in Egypt. Several negatively affecting treatment alternatives that vary in efficiency and costs are available. The low capital investmentnatural wastewater treatment requires relatively of scale makes conventional wastewater treatment cost prohibitiveof scale makes conventional wastewater Domestic wastewater isin smaller more dispersed rural settlements. This practice directly or indirectly to drainage canals. typically discharged Wastewater treatment in Egypt’s rural areas as well as in many other treatment in Egypt’s Wastewater Only urban centers and some countries lags far behind potable water supply. possess wastewater treatment facilities. Economics rural villages larger with natural freshwater supplies. The annual per-capita water availability The annual per-capita with natural freshwater supplies. today m3 650 about to 40% by fallen has and m3 1550 about was 1960 in and it is expected to be about 450 m3 in 2025. The countries of the Middle East and North Africa The region countries have of 5% the of Middle theEast and North population world’s but have less than 1% of the renewable world’s fresh of the driest in the world and poorly endowedThe region is one water. ABSTRACT 70 Abstracts of Papers quality modeling. KEY WORDS: treatment. to beequivalenttheadvancedprimarysecondary conventional wetland treatmentsystemundersimilarconditionsinEgypt isexpected especially for nutrientsand pathogens. The performance of the in-steam efficiency removal the improve would plants aquatic of Introducing TSS. 70% and BOD of 60% reduce can system a such of efficiency removal the that indicate alternatives design different of Simulation baffles. and using limitedphysicalinterventionsuchassedimentationtraps,weirs hours 68 to up time detention a have could hours. system 8 proposed The to 6 from time detention of treatment the with removal BOD for 37% to physical engineering intervention varies within a narrow range from 29% any without drain selected the of capacity self-purification the that show studies baselines The efficiency. removal pollutants and time detention profile, water surface drain on interventions physical of impact the test to simulated were matrix a in runs numerical 25 of group Apollutants. simulate theconvection,advection,diffusion and decayofdifferentto module transport external an develop to used is software drain. MATLAB selected the of flows varied gradually steady for profiles surface The HEC-RASmodelingsystemisusedforthecalculationofwater awareness programandothersrelatedactivities. characteristics, physicalsurvey, socioeconomicsurvey, developingpublic studies includedanintensivewaterqualitymonitoringprogram,hydraulic the data/informationrequiredfordesignofin-streamwetlands. The multi-criteria analysis. Baseline studies have been conducted to collect pilot areawasselectedamongseveralpotentialsitesintheNileDeltausing and adoptthedesigncriteriasuitedforEgyptianenvironment.One conducted todemonstratethetechnicalfeasibilityofin-streamstudy for ruralcommunities.PilotstudiesintheNileDeltadrainsystemwere All thesefeatureshavemadein-streamwetlandaveryattractiveoption can absorbshockloadswithrelativelylesscapitalandoperationalcosts. Thus, itneedsmuchlessland,whichiseasilymaintained,and 13 th ICID InternationalDrainage ICID Workshop, Ahwaz, Iran,4-7March 2017 Drainagewaterreuse,Naturaltreatmentsystem, Water Topic 4

Abstracts of Papers 71 1,* Farhad Khorsandi WATERS IN MARGINAL LANDS IN MARGINAL WATERS CONSTRAINTS OF HALOCULTURE: HALOCULTURE: OF CONSTRAINTS ENVIRONMENTAL CAPABILITIES AND CAPABILITIES ENVIRONMENTAL ALTERNATIVE STRATEGY TO USE SALINE TO STRATEGY ALTERNATIVE ICID International Drainage Workshop, Ahwaz, Iran, 4-7 March 2017 4-7 March Iran, Ahwaz, Workshop, ICID Drainage International th Department of Soil Science, Darab Branch, Islamic Azad University, Darab, Iran. Azad University, Department of Soil Science, Darab Branch, Islamic 13 1 *Corresponding author: [email protected] for utilization of saline waters in Haloculture is presented. Several casesfor utilization of saline waters in Haloculture degrees of success and failureof Haloculture projects with various The mega project on Haloculture operated nationally and internationally. regions. Haloengineering is depends on activities in Haloculture brieflyVarious component of Haloculture. introduced asThus, a new guideline salinity levels. the input of waters with different a complementary Along with development of strategies also emphasizes on providingproduction of bio-products, Haloculture for sustainable and profitable water as the basic needs of rural societies who and drinking energy in less developed, salt affected are going to implement those strategies environments. agro- saline agricultural drainage water Haloculture A option foran economic serves as which presented, is model industry environmental impacts.their reuse, and thus, reducing their negative a strategy for sustainable use of highly saline soil and water resourcesa strategy for sustainable use of highly sustainableis Haloculture needs. human future the of some provide to products in saline agricultural and industrial production of different water resources, particularly in arid regions, makes it necessary to usewater resources, particularly in arid regions, lands to meet the and marginal non-conventional saline water resources water needs. Haloculture offers escalating demand for food and drinking Disposal of saline agricultural wastewaters is a complex environmentalof saline agricultural wastewaters Disposal The rise in world managers. challenge for agronomists and irrigation lands, and scarcity of freshpopulation, shortage of premium agricultural ABSTRACT 72 Abstracts of Papers KEY WORDS: assessment. zones, shouldbedonewiththoroughecologicalandenvironmentalimpact projects inpreviouslyundevelopedinlandsaltaffected regionsandcoastal saline waterirrigationongroundquality. DevelopmentofHaloculture species, degradationoflocalecosystem,andpossibleadverseeffects of escalating soilsalinity, introductionofinvasiveexoticplantandaquatic The mainpossiblenegativeimpacts of Halocultureonenvironmentare Haloculture should be considered in development of Haloculture projects. habitats, andcarbonsequestration.Possibleenvironmentalconstraintsof and degradedlands,restorationrehabilitationofwildlifemarine of degradedlands,andgreeningcoastalareas,reforestationmarginal sustainable useofagro-biodiversity, restorationofrangelands,remediation erosion, and desertification combating of terms in regions, arid salt-affected in Haloculture has significant environmental potentials Haloculture. of constrains main objectiveofthisarticletoevaluatetheenvironmentalservicesand is animportantcomponentofasustainableproductionsystem. Thus, the not physically and/or economicallyfeasible. Environmental stewardship Haloculture isrecommendedinareaswhereconventionalagriculture in foursoutherncoastalprovincesofIran,aredescribed in more details. undertaken by Iran Water and Power Resources Management Company agriculture Haloengineering, Halophyte,Haloventure,Salineaquaculture,Seawater 13 th ICID InternationalDrainage ICID Workshop, Ahwaz, Iran,4-7March 2017 Biosaline agriculture, Desalination, Drainage waters, Biosalineagriculture,Desalination,Drainagewaters, Topic 4

Abstracts of Papers 73 3 , Negin Ashraf 2 , Farhad Mirzaei 1,* Controlled drainage, Capillary rise, Upflow. A STUDY ON CAPILLARY RISE IN ON CAPILLARY STUDY A Arash Mohammadbeigi CONTROLLED DRAINAGE SYSTEM AND DRAINAGE SYSTEM CONTROLLED ITS COMPARISON WITH UPFLOW MODEL WITH UPFLOW ITS COMPARISON ICID International Drainage Workshop, Ahwaz, Iran, 4-7 March 2017 4-7 March Iran, Ahwaz, Workshop, ICID Drainage International th Associate Professor, Irrigation and Reclamation Engineering Department, University Associate Professor, Tehran MSc Student of irrigation and drainage Engineering, University of MSc Student of irrigation and drainage Engineering, University of Tehran. Tehran. Engineering, University of MSc Student of irrigation and drainage 13 2 of Tehran 3 1 *Corresponding author: [email protected] KEY WORDS: KEY to zero. Constant upward flow of water into the soil surface is in balance be used to estimate the amountwith evaporation demand; therefore, it can of irrigation water from shallow water tables. depth of the water table is too low, it reaches potential evapotranspiration. depth of the water table is too low, the capillary rise decreased with a steep In depths more than one meter, incline. In depth of more than 6 meters, the capillary rise is actually close a model. The results show that the estimation of the model is in agreement a model. at depths of less than one meter, with the measured values. In loam soil increased; however when thecapillary rise with a relatively gentle slope appropriate management strategy to control the water table. In the presentappropriate management strategy to control capillary rise of two soil textures was measured in a number of the study, of capillary rise was estimated usingThe rate controlled drainage systems. Water Water flowing upward through the capillary pores of the water table in unsaturated soil is defined as capillary rise and it dependson the water type. Controlled drainage is antable depth, evapotranspiration and the soil ABSTRACT 74 Abstracts of Papers 4 3 2 +4797585474. Tel: no; Fureneset, N-6967 Hellevik i Fjaler. *Corresponding author: synnove.rivedal@nibio. 1 better drainagemethod.Inversionmeansthatpeatsoilis covered with mineral soil.Insuchsituations,peatinversioncanbeanalternative toa of aself-drainingmineralsoil covered by athinlayerofimpermeable In someregionsofNorway, tile-drainedpeatsoilsaresituatedontop after operations. the efficiency of the drainage system is often reduced significantly shortly are traditionallytile-drained,butduetotheaforementionedconditions, soils Peat traffic. tractor by compacted easily soils peat make structures low is water of infiltration the whereas waterholdingcapacityishigh.Slowdryingandloosephysical soils peat In zone. climatic boreal the are challenging todrains, especially inareaswithhigh precipitation in humification of degree (Saprist) high or (Hemist) intermediate an with agronomic andenvironmentalchallengesforcropproduction.Histosols Many grasslandsin Western Norwayaresituatedonformerbogs,posing ABSTRACT 8 7 6 5 13 NorwegianInstituteofBioeconomy Research(NIBIO),NO-1431Ås LandbrukNordvest,NO-6402Molde NorwegianInstituteofBioeconomy Research(NIBIO),NO-1431Ås NorwegianUniversityofLifeSciences (NMBU),NO-1431Ås LandbrukNordvest,NO-6402Molde NorwegianCentreforOrganic Agriculture (NORSØK),NO-6630 Tingvoll NorwegianInstituteofBioeconomyResearch(NIBIO),NO-1431Ås NorwegianInstituteofBioeconomyResearch(NIBIO),NO-1431 Ås.NIBIO th ICID InternationalDrainage ICID Workshop, Ahwaz, Iran,4-7March 2017 AN ALTERNATIVE DRAINAGEMETHOD? TrondBørresen Synnøve Rivedal INVERSION OF PEAT SOIL: PeterDörsch 4 , SverreHeggset 1,* , SamsonØpstad 7 , JohannesDeelstra 5 , TorbjørnHaukås 2 , SisselHansen 8 3 6

Topic 4

Abstracts of Papers 75 Grass yield, Soil physical properties, GHG emissions. Grass yield, Soil physical properties, GHG ICID International Drainage Workshop, Ahwaz, Iran, 4-7 March 2017 4-7 March Iran, Ahwaz, Workshop, ICID Drainage International th 13 KEY WORDS: WORDS: KEY the water table, improve soil physical properties, increase grassland yieldthe water table, improve soil physical properties, and reduce CH4 and N2O emissions. peat. The large variation between the years could be attributed to weather The large peat. conditions. In the summary, data from our field experimentsuggests that peat in boreal climates can lowerthe inversion of previously tile drained than in tile-drained peat. Cumulative emissions in 2016 were -60 kg CO2than in tile-drained peat. Cumulative emissions eq. ha-1 CH4 and 3000 kg CO2 eq. ha-1 N2O from inverted and eq. ha-1 N2O from tile-drainedkg CO2 eq. ha-1 CH4 and 9000 kg CO2 1500 GHG emissions during the growing seasons were less in inverted than the growing seasons were less in GHG emissions during in tile-drained peat. In 2015, this 2016 In eq.ha-1). was CO2 kg (4050 peat due tile-drained the from to (CH4) methane a very large emission of in inverted oxide (N2O) emissions were much less both CH4 and nitrous inverted and tile-drained peat, respectively. Top-soil physical properties of physical Top-soil peat, respectively. inverted and tile-drained and from those in tile-drained peat fundamentally the inverted peat differ table. inversion also lowered the water moreover, resembled mineral soil; Preliminary results from a field experiment in Norway suggest that the yield. Mean tile drained peat increases grassland inversion of previously dry matter yield for the years 2014-2016 was 9.3 and 10.95 t ha-1 on the present study was to investigate the effect of peat inversion relative toof peat inversion relative the effect study was to investigate the present properties, greenhouse yield, soil physical peat on grassland tile-drained gas (GHG) emission and profitability. the underlying mineral soil while maintaining connectivity to the self- maintaining connectivity mineral soil while the underlying of objective The layers. soil mineral tilted of means by subsoil draining 76 Abstracts of Papers 1 use ofplantsvarieswiththeage,geometry, soilproperties,water table, designing and implementing biodrainage projects. Consumptive water vegetation ingeneralandtreesparticularisacardinalcomponent for sanitation andeco-restoration.Biodrainagepotential of perennial benefits such as fuelwood production, carbon sequestration, environmental conservation of nutrient energy into biomass and thereby bringing multiple forest specieshasalsobeenputforwardforreuseofwastewater andthe abovementioned engineeringapproaches.Irrigationofhigh transpiring evapotranspiration usingbio-energy isproposedasanalternatetothe removes theexcesssoilwaterviadeeprootedfastgrowingtreesthrough by waterloggingandacontinuoussalinityexistsBiodrainage,which options arequitesuccessfulwherelarge tractsoflandareaffected drainage effluent which result into disposal problems. These conventional the problem,yetthesemethodsarecostlyandgeneratehugequantitiesof technologies suchassubsurfaceorverticaldrainageareabletocombat of irrigatedagriculture. Though, conventionalengineeringdrainage associated soilsalinitybecomemajorimpedimentstothesustainability In theabsenceofprovisionadequatedrainage,waterloggingand ABSTRACT Agricultural ResearchInstituteofIndia, Pusa,NewDelhi-110012. 2 RoomNo.-202, ASRB, KrishiAnusandhanBhawan-1,Pusa,New Delhi-110012. [email protected]; ICID Working GrouponSustainable Drainage. *Correspondingauthor: 13 PrincipalScientist, Water Technology Centre,New Delhi. Water Technology Centre, Chairman, Agricultural Scientists Recruitment Board &Member(India), th ICID InternationalDrainage ICID Workshop, Ahwaz, Iran,4-7March 2017 DRAINAGE SYSTEM TO MANAGE WATERLOGGINGSALINITY AND BIODRAINAGE: AN ALTERNATEBIODRAINAGE: Gurbachan Singh 1,* , K.Lal 2 Topic 4

Abstracts of Papers 77 Salinity, Water logging, Eucalyptus, Irrigated agriculture,Eucalyptus, logging, Water Salinity, ICID International Drainage Workshop, Ahwaz, Iran, 4-7 March 2017 4-7 March Iran, Ahwaz, Workshop, ICID Drainage International th 13 KEY WORDS: KEY Biodrainage, Case Studies. effective understanding and implementation, several case studies on the understanding and implementation, several effective and salinity are discussedrole of biodrainage for managing waterlogging in this paper. technology may be more suitable on large farms or public lands. However, farms or public lands. However, suitable on large technology may be more crops in a as Eucalyptus and Populus along with integration of trees such dykes on or bunds field or roads approach on or system agroforestry unified For farming system will be a viable preposition. of ponds in an integrated on associated crops, and has luxurious water consumption in excess soil and has luxurious water consumption on associated crops, farmers may not be able to set Small and marginal moisture conditions. biodrainage for bio drainage activities therefore part of their farm aside water table and reverse salinity trends. Amongst different trees studied Amongst different salinity trends. water table and reverse preferred because it grows fast in a places, Eucalyptus was at different effect grows straight thus creating a low shading wide range of conditions, tables by 1–2 m over a time period of 3–5 years. Trees of the genes such as such genes the of Trees years. 3–5 of period time a over m 1–2 by tables Acacia, Prosopis, Syzigium, Dalbergia, Populus, Casuarina, Eucalyptus, Leucaena etc. are reported as being effective to lowering a shallow salinity and climatic conditions. This varies between 6500 to 28000 m3 may lower water a tree canopy under ideal conditions, and ha-1 year-1 78 Abstracts of Papers 4 [email protected] 3 [email protected] 2 +98935-985-5495. Tel: [email protected], college of Aburaihan andMemberof YPF-WG atIRNCID.*Corresponding author: 1 and stabilizesoilsalinityoftherootzone. The salinity atdifferent soil by inversesolutionofHYDRUS.ResultsshowedthatDDcould decrease modeling. Parameters of water flow and salinity transport were optimized Iran, in July 2015 in Lysimetric scale. HYDRUS software was used for DD conventional systems. This studywascarriedoutatUniversityof Tehran, study asanenvironmentalandcost-effective alternativetechniquetothe to satisfytheextentofavailableland.DDwasinvestigatedatthis semi-arid areaswheretheirrigationwaterismuchlessthanamount is ratheranewenvironmentallyfriendlyconceptindrainageofaridand world. Irrigationwithoutdrainageisnotsustainable.Dry(DD) salt balanceintherootzoneespeciallyaridandsemi-aridregionsof Sustainable agriculturecanhelpfoodsecurity. Itdependsonwaterand ABSTRACT [email protected] [email protected] 7 6 5 [email protected] 13 Formergraduatestudent,ImamKhomeini InternationalUniversity. Qazvin, Iran. PhDcandidate,Universityof Tehran, collegeof Aburaihan, Tehran, Iran. Graduatestudent,Universityof Tehran, college of Aburaihan, Tehran, Iran. Formergraduatestudent,ImamKhomeini InternationalUniversity. Qazvin, Iran. Drainageexpert,Headofdrainageandenvironment WG atIRNCID, Tehran, Iran. Associate professor, ImamKhomeiniinternational University. Qazvin, Iran. PhDcandidateofIrrigationandDrainageEngineeringUniversity of Tehran, th ICID InternationalDrainage ICID Workshop, Ahwaz, Iran,4-7March 2017 Masoud Soltani SaeidSotoodehnia SIMULATION OF WATER FLOW AND SALT TRANSPORT INDRY DRAINAGE WITH HYDRUS-2D WITH DRAINAGE 1,* , Abbas Sotoodehnia , Abbas Ahmad Doosti Ahmad 4 , MasoudZanjani 7

2 , Mojtaba Akram , 5 , HabibKarimi 6 3 Topic 4

Abstracts of Papers 79 Dry Drainage, Evaporation strip, Solute transport, Sustainable Dry Drainage, Evaporation ICID International Drainage Workshop, Ahwaz, Iran, 4-7 March 2017 4-7 March Iran, Ahwaz, Workshop, ICID Drainage International th 13 agriculture. the passage of time, while surface soil salinity of cropped area remains at while surface soil salinity of cropped area the passage of time, its equilibrium. WORDS: KEY better that uncropped area. SE and RMSE of observed and simulated soiland of observed RMSE and SE area. uncropped better that salinity were 0.29 and 2.26 (dS/m), respectively. with of soil surface at uncropped area was decreased showed that salinity Results of modeling to 4.5 times of its initial condition after one season. Standard Error and content were and simulated volumetric soil water RMSE of observed 0.26 and 0.104, Soil respectively. salinity of cropped area was predicted while the soil salinity of uncropped strips was increasing upwards. Final strips was increasing soil salinity of uncropped while the water irrigation the of times 1.5 was strips cropped of salinity surface soil strips was reached surface at uncropped salinity of the soil salinity while layers of uncropped strips (evaporation strips) was higher than the salinity strips) was strips (evaporation layers of uncropped increased downwards at cropped strips was strips. Soil salinity of cropped 80 Abstracts of Papers Abstracts of Papers 81 Topic 5: Topic

Irrigation 5 and Drainage Management and Drainage Management 82 Abstracts of Papers Topic 5

Abstracts of Papers 83 2 , Abu Obieda B. Ahmed 1,* Mufadal E. M. Ahmed Mufadal E. M. SECTOR KEY FOR BETTER WATER WATER FOR BETTER KEY SECTOR DRAINAGE SYSTEM IN IRRIGATED IN IRRIGATED DRAINAGE SYSTEM MANAGEMENT GEZIRA SCHEME – SUDAN GEZIRA MANAGEMENT ICID International Drainage Workshop, Ahwaz, Iran, 4-7 March 2017 4-7 March Iran, Ahwaz, Workshop, ICID Drainage International th Engineering National Coordinator for Irrigation Infra-structure Rehabilitation Unit Associated Professor Hydraulic Research Centre - (MWRIE) 13 1 (RIRP)-(MWRIE). *Corresponding author: [email protected] 2 The paper discusses and attempts to diagnose, and analyze the performanceThe paper discusses and attempts to diagnose, its arrangement, design,of the GIS drainage system by identifying reasons that occurred over the operational lifetime of the scheme, whichreasons that occurred over the operational weeds in the network system ofin itself accelerated the spread of silt and the scheme. water resources for better livelihoods. towards effort governmen’s This paper is a contribution to the Sudaese receiveThe drainage system within the scheme did not upgrading GIS. deterioration due to severalenough attention and witnessed severe tandem with the irrigation system. Water logging and hence the significant the hence and logging Water system. irrigation the with tandem with negative environmentalreduction in crop production, coupled impacts are against considered as strong obstacles harnessing the available In mega irrigation schemes such as the Gezira Irrigation Scheme (GIS)-In mega irrigation schemes such as the in Sudan with an area of aboutthe forerunner of all major schemes 0.882 million ha-the drainage (surface) system plays a significant role in for about 31% of GDP (Central Bank agricultural sector is responsibleThe irrigated subsector as part of the of Sudan CBOS-report, 2015); and sugar cane,..) and cereals.for the production of cash crops (cotton Agriculture remains a key element and pillar of Sudanese life, andAgriculture remains a key element and its economy and as an incomerepresents the main driving force for generating sector for more than 50% of households. This sector accounts ABSTRACT 84 Abstracts of Papers Irrigation Scheme, Water management KEY WORDS: production. can resultinbetterwatermanagementandprovidinganenvironmentfor of itsdesigncriteriaandhowthatimprovement,ifimplementedproperly, amendments and improvements to the existing system including a revision and constraintstosustainabledevelopment.Inadditionitprovidesasetof capacities, andadequacytocontributeasolutionwatermanagement 13 th ICID InternationalDrainage ICID Workshop, Ahwaz, Iran,4-7March 2017 Surfacedrainage, Water logging,Designcriteria,Gezira Topic 5

Abstracts of Papers 85 1,* A. Hafied. A. Gany A. Hafied. AREAS IN INDONESIA PRACTICES OF DRAINAGE PRACTICES OF OPERATION AND AND MANAGEMENT OPERATION AGRICULTURE UNDER THE LOWLAND THE UNDER AGRICULTURE ICID International Drainage Workshop, Ahwaz, Iran, 4-7 March 2017 4-7 March Iran, Ahwaz, Workshop, ICID Drainage International th Vice President Honoraire of ICID. *Corresponding author: [email protected]; 13 1 [email protected] non tidal area (about 13.6 million ha), most of which are lowland schemes lowland are which of most ha), million 13.6 (about area tidal non The subsequently stage. that are currently in the second development currently demanding fordeveloped open drainage schemes are therefore West, South and Central Kalimantan, Sulawesi and Papua are major South and Central Kalimantan, Sulawesi and Papua are West, consists 60% which of ha million 33.393 about of area total a with islands inland the are 40% about and ) ha million 20.096 about ( lowlands tidal of irrigation areas to urban, industrial and other purposes. other purposes.irrigation areas to urban, industrial and Out of the total 162.4 million ha of potential agricultural Indonesian Archipelago, land about in 20.56% the f consists of lowland areas (tidal the eastern coast of Sumatra,and inland areas) and are extended along the Government Program, as well as resolving the vast decreasing ofresolving the as well as Government Program, the due to the fast populationconventional irrigated agricultural lands developedwell from land conversion by the rapid explosion followed Initially this effort was geared toward supporting the achievement and was geared toward supporting Initially this effort sustaining food self sufficiency, apart from providing agricultural resettlement in order to supportfor involuntary transmigration population land drainage facilities for achieving several objectives among others such asdrainage facilities for achieving several of rice as a staple diet of thethe increasing of the national production interspaced.plantation oil palm and coconut scattered some with people, Drainage agricultural development and management in Indonesia hasDrainage agricultural development and recently been conducted by the lowland areas with openimplemented by means of reclaiming the government since 1960s. This was ABSTRACT 86 Abstracts of Papers change. Inland lowlandareas,Foodcrops,Soilandwatermanagement,Climate KEY WORDS: impacts aswelltheofclimatechangeonlowlanddevelopment. reviews thetechnical,institutional,organizational, andothernontechnical of lowlanddevelopmentandmanagement.Finally, theanalysisalso effective utilization for practices field from learnt lessons the considering management. Specialattentionhasbeengiventounderlyingexperiences conditions inIndonesiatowardsasustainablefuturedevelopmentand special focusonoperationsandmaintenancepracticesunderthelowland prospects ofagriculturaldrainagedevelopmentandmanagementwitha This paper intends to discuss the problems, constraints and future sustainable operationandmaintenancetechniques. 13 th ICID InternationalDrainage ICID Workshop, Ahwaz, Iran,4-7March 2017 Operation andmaintenancepractices, Agricultural drainage, Topic 5

Abstracts of Papers 87 3 5 , Won-Ho Nam , Won-Ho 2,* , Yakov A. Pachepsky , Yakov 4 , Jin-Yong Choic , Jin-Yong 1 Seung-Hwan Yoo Seung-Hwan Yoo Eun-Mi Hong AND ITS WATER QUALITY FROM QUALITY WATER AND ITS PROTECTED FARMING IN KOREA FARMING PROTECTED SHALLOW GROUNDWATER DRAINAGE DRAINAGE GROUNDWATER SHALLOW ICID International Drainage Workshop, Ahwaz, Iran, 4-7 March 2017 4-7 March Iran, Ahwaz, Workshop, ICID Drainage International th Department of Rural and Bio-Systems Engineering, Chonnam National University, National University, Chonnam Department of Rural and Bio-Systems Engineering, USDA-ARS Environmental Microbial & Food Safety Laboratory, Beltsville Department of Bioresources and Rural Systems Engineering, Hankyong National Department of Bioresources and Rural Systems Department of Rural Systems Engineering and Research Institute for Agriculture & Research Institute for Department of Rural Systems Engineering and USDA-ARS Environmental Microbial & Food Safety Laboratory, Beltsville 13 Chonnam, Republic of Korea 5 Beltsville, MD, USA Agricultural Research Center, author: [email protected] 3 Republic of Korea Anseong, Gyeonggi, University, 4 Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, MD, USA Agricultural Research Center, 2 *Corresponding Korea. of Republic Seoul, University, National Seoul Sciences, Life field, tomato and cucumber crop were cultivated twice a year using a drip a using year a twice cultivated were crop cucumber and tomato field, 1 farming practices. This study was conducted to investigate shallow groundThis study was conducted to investigate shallow farming practices. water infiltration and drainage from In the protected farmingcomparison with conventional farming practices. protected farming cultivation in water and non-point source pollution (NPS) management under thewater and non-point source pollution devised to manage water qualityprotected farming method needs to be pollution loads from protectedof shallow groundwater and reduce NPS agricultural products in Korea. In some agricultural areas, particularly inagricultural products in Korea. In some and irrigation, the nutrientprotected farming, due to excessive fertilization The drainage of serious. excess phenomenon is becoming increasingly In the agricultural watershed in Korea, nutrients are discharged through nutrients are discharged In the agricultural watershed in Korea, various means such as soil the demand for value-addedProtected farming has expanded by increasing erosion, runoff, infiltration, or drainage. ABSTRACT 88 Abstracts of Papers groundwater, Waterdrainage. KEY WORDS: practices enhancementtoreduceNPSloadsfromprotectedcultivation. cultivation approachbutalsoforthederivationofguidelinesonfarming and nutrientmonitoringmanagementundertheprotectedfarming as theplatformnotonlyforlong-termshallowgroundwaterwaterdrainage increased in accordance to drainage and water flow. This results will serve groundwater level,adirectimpactofexcessiveirrigationandfertilization leaching whenoverirrigated.Inaddition,inareashavinghighshallow nutrient or farming protect to is fields paddy from use land the switching nutrient accumulationduetopoordrainageofsubsoilwhereasincase crop production,thereisapossibilityofoverfertilizationanditmayaffect farming. Eventhoughfertilizationandirrigationwereappliedregularlyfor in shallowgroundwaterisgenerallyhigherascomparedtoconventional than thoseintheuppersoillayer. Inaddition,thenutrientconcentrations soil layer, andsomenutrient concentrationinthesub-soillayerishigher show thatNO3-NconcentrationandECofsoilwaterishighinthetotal nitrogen (TN), and nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) were analyzed. The results NPS suchaselectronicconductivity(EC),totalphosphorus(TP), drainage andnutrientleachingcharacteristicsinprotectedfarming.Key were alsocollectedduringthecropgrowthseasontoinvestigatewater sites and shallow groundwater samples at 8 different sites on the watershed conditions weremonitoredandsoilwateronprotectedfarming weather flow, and and level water ground shallow content, moisture soil irrigation systemandnutrientswereappliedbyfertigation.Irrigation, 13 th ICID InternationalDrainage ICID Workshop, Ahwaz, Iran,4-7March 2017 Non-point source pollution, Protected farming, Shallow Non-pointsourcepollution,Protectedfarming,Shallow Topic 5

Abstracts of Papers 89 3 , Robiyanto H. Susanto , Robiyanto H. Susanto 2 , M. E Armanto , M. E 1,* Tidal lowland, Watermelon, Water table, Drainage. Water Watermelon, lowland, Tidal GROWTH FOR DEVELOPING DRAINAGEGROWTH FOR UNDER SHALLOW WATER TABLE AT INITIAL AT TABLE WATER UNDER SHALLOW PLANING AT TIDAL LOWLAND AGRICULTURE TIDAL PLANING AT Momon Sodik Imanudin Momon Sodik Imanudin THE STUDY OF WATERMELON CROP RESPONSE CROP WATERMELON OF THE STUDY ICID International Drainage Workshop, Ahwaz, Iran, 4-7 March 2017 4-7 March Iran, Ahwaz, Workshop, ICID Drainage International th Department of Soil Science Sriwijaya University Indonesia. Department Department Indonesia. University Sriwijaya Science of Soil Department Department of Soil Science Sriwijaya University Indonesia Department of Soil Science Sriwijaya University Indonesia 13 [email protected], Tel/Fax: 62-711-580469. Tel/Fax: [email protected], 2 3 1 Indonesia University, Sriwijaya Agriculture, of Faculty Science of Soil Km 32. *Corresponding author: Jln Palembang-Prabumulih Campus Inderalaya porosity and low capillary flow. WORDS: KEY cm water table depth. It can be concluded that farmers are advised to plant on thecm water table depth. It can be concluded that The objective of the soil surface. basis of the water table conditions of 10 cm below irrigation water at a generative phase.accelerated planting is that crops do not need higha had which typology land recommended for C is especially This condition of 12.6 cm and 12.3 cm having respectively 3 leaves. However, it had a significant The cm and 3.1 cm, respectively. of 11.9 on root length with a magnitude effect Maximum crop height of 15.2 cm and 4 leaves was found upon the treatment at 15 the field. Analysis of crop potential based onthe waterfield. status condition in the root zones The results of crop adaptation at a was conducted using secondary and primary data. of water table at depths of 10 cmshallow water table depth showed that treatments and 5 cm were not signficantly different in terms of crop height with a magnitude time based on the existing land typology conditions .. The research focuses on the The research focuses on the .. time based on the existing land typology conditions its initial growth period within adetermining of crop physiology response during below cm 5 and 10 15, at depths table water of consisted treatments The greenhouse. out inThe observation of water table surface was carried soil surface, respectively. Water melon cultivation is one of the suitable alternatives applied in order to increase is one of the suitable alternatives applied melon cultivation Water The research of crop adaptation to farmers income in tidal lowland agriculture zones. will be able to decide the best plantingwet soil conditions is required so that farmers ABSTRACT 90 Abstracts of Papers 4 faculty ofengineering, Ahwaz Azad University, Khuzestan, Ahwaz, Iran 3 Ahwaz, Iran engineering, facultyofagricultural Ahwaz Azad University, Khuzestan, 2 university of Tehran, Karaj,Iran.*Correspondingauthor:[email protected] agricultural engineeringandtechnology, collegeofagricultureandnaturalresources, 1 drainage projects,temperaturedatarecordedbymeteorological stations to manage water resources intelligently. As usual in irrigation and necessary, especiallyin aridandsemiaridclimatelikeKhuzestanprovince system isessential,thereforeaccurateestimationofevapotranspiration consumption ofwaterandproducerun-off morethancapacityofdrainage pattern, inordertoavoidofwaterlogging,shortageandexcessive of waterrequirementforcultivationcropsbasedon vegetation strongly. Indesignofirrigationanddrainagesystems,estimation reactions, dissolutionofmineralsandevapotranspirationbysoils on someenvironmentalparameterslikerateofphysicalandchemical Temperature asoneofthemostimportantthermodynamicfactorseffect ABSTRACT Financial Support:Jahad-e-NasrInstitute (93/498) and drainageengineering,facultyof agriculturalengineering 5 Ahwaz, Iran engineering, facultyofagricultural engineering, Ahwaz Azad University, Khuzestan, 13 Master graduated of irrigation and drainage , department of irrigation and drainage Master graduated of irrigation and drainage , department of irrigation and drainage Master graduated of construction management, department of civil engineering, Master graduated of irrigation and drainage , department of irrigation and drainage Mastergraduatedofsoilchemistry, departmentofsoilscienceengineering,faculty PhD graduated of irrigationand drainage, Uremia university, department of irrigation th ICID InternationalDrainage ICID Workshop, Ahwaz, Iran,4-7March 2017 REMOTE SENSING(TRS)INIRRIGATION BehnamSadeghi Iman Javadzarin IMPORTANT ROLEOF THERMAL (CASESTUDY: MINOO ISLAND) AND DRAINAGEPROJECTS 1,* 4 , HamidRezaGhareh Mohammadloo , Farokh Tavakolian, 2 , BehzadHojati 3 5 Topic 5

Abstracts of Papers 91 TRS, Irrigation, Drainage, Water Management, Temperature. Management, Water TRS, Irrigation, Drainage, ICID International Drainage Workshop, Ahwaz, Iran, 4-7 March 2017 4-7 March Iran, Ahwaz, Workshop, ICID Drainage International th 13 KEY WORDS: KEY Finally, authors recommend strongly application of TRS technology asTRS technology authors recommend strongly application of Finally, traditionalcomplementary method beside of a or at least an alternative for that by databases like NETWAT methods to estimation evapotranspiration provided as spot small scale.is based on meteorological stations data land use (variability of location) a difference between 8 to 10 Co. These between 8 to 10 Co. land use (variability of location) a difference temporal changes of temperatureresults show importance of spatial and on water requirement, especially in Iran plateau. and its role to effect logging operation, as different period of time, pattern of we observed for same placeswith regards to land use too, in other words LST changed of time) and according tobefore and after logging operation (variability logging operation respectively to show dynamic of temperature pattern inpattern temperature of dynamic show to respectively operation logging thereresearch demonstrated of this Results scales. temporal spatial and between these two patterns before and after was an important different classification of land surface temperature pattern in lands scope of Minoo of scope lands in pattern temperature surface land of classification Island, of land surface temperature in Minoo Island. In order to evaluation compared two recent We Landsat satellite images (OLI sensor) was used. thermal images acquired in 07/11/2015 and 07/13/2016 before and after process and interpret data obtained in the thermal infrared region of the data obtained in the thermal infrared process and interpret or at is used and can be applied as an alternative electromagnetic spectrum andThis study is done aimed to mapping selection. least complementary meteorological stations is away. One of the most effective and newest One of the most effective is away. meteorological stations tools to investigation about land surface temperature (LST) science that technology is related to remote sensing remote sensing, this is thermal land cover variety does not consider in large spatial scale. Exactly becauseExactly scale. spatial large in consider not does cover variety land using of data obtainedshould be careful in and designers that, engineers when distance betweenbig scale especially stations in by meteorological is used to estimate evapotranspiration by Penman-Monteith equation, by Penman-Monteith estimate evapotranspiration is used to andsmall spatial scale as spot in a recorded temperature these stations 92 Abstracts of Papers 1 recommendations forthedimensioningofdrainagesystems. in thetimeandamountofprecipitationhasresultedintoaneed tochange changes the addition In cover. vegetation of amount small a have fields from agriculturalareasafterheavyrainsandduringatime whenthe high nutrientconcentrationshavebeenrecordedinrivers downstream fields agricultural that observed have becomemorepronetoerosionandconsequentlyunprecedentedly already been has It leakage. nutrient and erosion from winter during fields agricultural protected cover snow agriculture anddrainage and theirenvironmental impacts.Previously the precipitation is rain instead of snow. This has had repercussions for conditions: snowcoverhashadagreatlyreducedduration,andmostof In Nordicregionsclimatechangewilldeteriorateinwintertimeweather flow. water balancing for and flux nutrient reduce to elements other and Presently the drainage systemsareutilized only in rare casesforwetlands and theclosestbodyofwaterisonaverage2.3km(median1km). ditch drains. The distance between the point of discharge of field drainage have 27% and drains subsurface have areas field drainage. of 58% About In Finland only about 15% of agricultural fields can be cultivated without ABSTRACT Helsinki, Finland. [email protected] [email protected] Finland. Helsinki, 2 author: [email protected] , Tel: +358 295 023 018 Finland, Turku, Finland.Itsenaisyydenaukio2,20800 Turku, Finland.*Corresponding 13 Centre for Economic Development, Transport and the Environment of Southwest Finnish Environment Institute, Helsinki, Finland. Mechelininkatu 34A, 00101 Finnish EnvironmentInstitute,Helsinki, Finland.Mechelininkatu34A,00101 th ICID InternationalDrainage ICID Workshop, Ahwaz, Iran,4-7March 2017 WATER MANAGEMENT MEASURES IN AGRICULTURE INFINLAND CLIMATE CHANGERESILIENT Elsi Kauppinen 1,* , MarkkuPuustinen 2 Topic 5

Abstracts of Papers 93 Two-stage drainage, Sustainable agriculture, Climate Two-stage ICID International Drainage Workshop, Ahwaz, Iran, 4-7 March 2017 4-7 March Iran, Ahwaz, Workshop, ICID Drainage International th 13 KEY WORDS: KEY change, Finland. Several good examples of the usage of wetlands, submerged dams and of the usage of wetlands, submerged Several good examples floodplains also exist. The paper reviewspresents the environmental benefits some of the solutions. of the examples and hectare – the farmers see it as being especially problematical if they have see it as being especially problematical hectare – the farmers two- problems political and social the Despite area. farming up give to in Finland. have been implemented in few cases stage drainage channels example there is a need to reserve larger land areas for drainage. This is land areas for drainage. to reserve larger example there is a need Agricultural Common when considering the EU’s especially problematic per cultivated agricultural subsidies paid to farmers Policies, which include become the standard practice in Finland in order to control theorder to control in Finland in standard practice become the In order to reach by agricultural drainage. problems caused eutrophication For be resolved. problems should social and political this goal several Sustainable practices in drainage such as two-stage drainage channels, such as two-stage practices in drainage Sustainable constructed in wetlands, sedimentation ponds and floodplains should 94 Abstracts of Papers 1 water sharingandpoorcatchmentmanagementwashas threatened Unprecedented siltation of water bodies compounded with inequitable were usedtoallowforthetriangulationofinformation. observations field and interviews informant key discussion, group Focus interviewed. were farmers selected randomly 316 and used was method The studytargeted 8irrigationschemesinZimbabwe. A mixedresearch sustainability ofsmallshareholderirrigationschemesinthe studyarea. major objectiveofthestudyistoassessimpactwater supplyinthe the unsustainabilityofirrigationschemearenotfullyunderstood. The host countries and thelivelihoodsoffarmers. The factors leadingto majority ofthemhavebeenunreliableandcontributedverylittletothe of asuccessfulsmallshareholderirrigationschemein Africa asthe climate changeadaptationmeasure.However, thereishardlyanycase renewed attentionfromglobalandregionaldevelopmentalbodiesasa have beenprioritizedasaruraldevelopmentmodelandregained have beensurpassed. As a result,smallshareholderirrigationschemes Africa wherethecarryingcapacitiesformostrain-fedagriculturalsystems Irrigation agricultureiscriticalinenhancingfoodsecurityespecially ABSTRACT Gaborone. [email protected] 3 Private Bag 0022, Gaborone. [email protected] 2 Gaborone. *Correspondingauthor: [email protected] 13 Department of Environmental Science, University of Botswana, Private Bag 0022, Department of Environmental Science, University of Botswana, PrivateBag 0022, KwesiDarkohDepartmentofEnvironmental Science,UniversityofBotswana DepartmentofEnvironmentalScience, UniversityofBotswanaPrivateBag0022, th ICID InternationalDrainage ICID Workshop, Ahwaz, Iran,4-7March 2017 THE SUSTAINABILITY OF SMALLHOLDER Solomon Mutambara WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM AND IRRIGATION INZIMBABWE JuliusR. Atlhopheng 1,* , MichaelB.K.Darkoh 3 2 Topic 5

Abstracts of Papers 95 Smallholder irrigation scheme, siltation, Water management, Water Smallholder irrigation scheme, siltation, ICID International Drainage Workshop, Ahwaz, Iran, 4-7 March 2017 4-7 March Iran, Ahwaz, Workshop, ICID Drainage International th 13 KEY WORDS: KEY Replacement investment. designing of the pumping systems. The majority of the schemes facedThe majority of the schemes systems. designing of the pumping for repairs and farmers had no reserved funds frequent pump breakdowns and replacement investment. affected farmers’ ability and willingness to contribute towards water ability and willingness to contribute farmers’ affected were schemes some and management water field in- poor was There bills. people on the was no consultation with the local poorly designed as there water as 70% of them rated its service as poor. A combination of farmers’of combination A poor. as service its rated them of 70% as water ZINWA’s debilitating dependency syndrome, low productivity levels, has and political interference in water governance poor service culture system. The Zimbabwe National Water Authority (ZINWA) as the water as the (ZINWA) Authority Water National The Zimbabwe system. governing body proved to be inefficient and detached fromthe farmers. the to pay for why they were compelled not understand Farmers could the sustainability of smallholder irrigation schemes yet interventions irrigation schemes of smallholder the sustainability water pumping the sand abstraction did not prioritize in the schemes 96 Abstracts of Papers 1 Karun riverwater(S1),andthereviewingofitseffects onyield,irrigation mixing(M3) ofthreelevels saline water (S2,S3andS4)withthe options; thatismixing(M1),one-alternate(M2)and half-alternate block design.Inthisresearchtheeffects ofthreeirrigationmanagement experiment wasperformedonsplitplotsbasedarandomized complete Science Engineeringfacultyat Ahwaz, ShahidChamranUniversity. The strategies usingsalinewateroncorncropintheresearchfarm ofthe Water was carriedouttoinvestigatetheeffects ofdripirrigationmanagement are suitablesolutionsfortheoptimaluseoftheseresources. This study irrigation drip as such with methods Irrigation efficiency High methods. soil and leaching desalinization, inadditiontoproperdrainageandotherconventional use, water of efficiency the increasing as such farm, water inagriculturerequiresdifferent management practicesonthe drainage waterintheseareas. The useofdrainagewaterandsaline quality hasresultedintothereuseoflowwatersuchasagricultural semi-arid areas.Nowadaysrestrictedwaterresourceshavingacceptable severe salinityofsoilandwaterqualitycreateproblemsinarid In additiontolackofwater, otherelementssuchashightemperature, ABSTRACT Ahvaz, Iran. 3 2 *Corresponding author:[email protected], [email protected] University,Iran. Lorestan Resources, Natural 13 Associate ProfessorofIrrigationDepartment,Shahid ChamranUniversityof ProfessorofIrrigationDepartment, ShahidChamranUniversityof Ahvaz, Iran Assistant Professor, Departmentof Water Engineering,Faculty of Agriculture and th ICID InternationalDrainage ICID Workshop, Ahwaz, Iran,4-7March 2017 IRRIGATION FORCROP PRODUCTION AND LANDS SUSTAINABILITYSEMI-ARID AREAS IN ARIDAND AGRICULTURALDRAINAGE WATER DRIP WITH Ali HeydarNasrollahi MANAGEMENT PRACTICES USING OF MANAGEMENT PRACTICES USINGOF Abdol RahimHooshmand 1,* , SaeedBoroomandNasab 3 2 Topic 5

Abstracts of Papers 97 Water quality, Drainage water, Water reuse, Drip Water Drainage water, quality, Water ICID International Drainage Workshop, Ahwaz, Iran, 4-7 March 2017 4-7 March Iran, Ahwaz, Workshop, ICID Drainage International th 13 KEY WORDS: WORDS: KEY irrigation. being at 9.86, 12.3 and 7.14 percent. The results of this research show that show research this of results The percent. 7.14 and 12.3 9.86, at being safe method applied with proper management is a drip irrigation when water volumes in arid and semi-arid amounts of drainages to reuse large regions. management scenarios of drip irrigation. The yield reduction per unitreduction The yield of drip irrigation. management scenarios one-alternate in the plant root zone the mixing, increase in soil salinity as strategies were calculated respectively and half-alternate management 5 percent. The application of the half-alternate (M3) method improved layers. productivity and the leaching of soil surface yield indexes, water The Model coefficients of yield- salinity were calculated under different Salinity levels of S2, S3, and S4 salinity and theirof management and effects the that Results showed were 4, 6 and 8 dS/m respectively. interaction on yield and water productivity were significant at levels of water productivity of corn and soil salinity was investigated. Irrigation soil salinity was of corn and water productivity factor and sub-factors. were the main strategies and salinity management 98 Abstracts of Papers SEW-40. KEY WORDS: higher as possible values of SEW-40 during the year. the positionofwatertable. The plantationcropsandtreeswouldpreferas days. The developmentofrootingzonericeandcornaredeterminedby Corn willbeplantedwhenthevalueofSEW-40 isbetween80to100 side, thevalueofSEW-40 willberelatedwiththecorncroppingpattern. paddy willbeplantediftheSEW-20 ismorethan 120days.Ontheother especially the number of days related with the paddy cropping time. The covering therainyanddrymonths. The valueofSEW-20 duringtheyear will explaintheresultsofSEW-20 andSEW-40 duringoneyearperiod -20 cm(SEW-20) or-40cm(SEW-40) belowthesoilsurface. The paper Excess “Saturated using quantified of limit within concept SEW” - Water water managementunit.Fluctuationoftablewithinthefarmcanbe rainfall, evaporation,crops,operationandmaintenance,withinagiven The watertablepositionisafunctionoftopography, drainagesystems, used forfoodproduction,plantationandpulpwoodtree,isakeyindicator. Water tablewithinthefarm,atreclaimedlowlandsofIndonesiatobe ABSTRACT 3 2 and NaturalSciences.*Corresponding author:[email protected] 1 13 INACID-IndonesianNationalCommittee ofICID INACIDSouthSumatra,Indonesia/Sriwijaya University, Faculty of Agriculture INACIDSouthSumatra,Indonesia/Sriwijaya University, Faculty ofMathematics th ICID InternationalDrainage ICID Workshop, Ahwaz, Iran,4-7March 2017 QUANTIFICATION USINGSATURATED EXCESS THE RECLAIMEDLOWLANDSOF INDONESIA WATER CONCEPT (SEW-20 AND SEW-40) AT Ngudiantoro FLUCTUATING WATER TABLE Water table fluctuation, Saturated excess water, SEW-20, 1,* ,

Robiyanto H.Susanto 2 , IwanNusyirwan 3 Topic 5

Abstracts of Papers 99 3 , Hamed Ebrahimian 2 , Abdolmajid Liaghat , 1,* CULTIVATION IN PADDY SOILS PADDY IN CULTIVATION EXPERIMENTAL PERFORMANCE EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF THREE DRAINAGE OF EVALUATION Amirreza Rahimi METHODS FOR PREPARATION OF SECOND OF PREPARATION METHODS FOR ICID International Drainage Workshop, Ahwaz, Iran, 4-7 March 2017 4-7 March Iran, Ahwaz, Workshop, ICID Drainage International th PhD student of Department of Irrigation and Drainage of University of Tehran. Tehran. Drainage of University of PhD student of Department of Irrigation and 13 Assistant Professor of Department of Irrigation and Drainage of University of Karaj, Tehran, Agriculture and natural resources of University of Faculty of Tehran. [email protected] Professor of Department of Irrigation and Drainage of University of Tehran. Tehran. Drainage of University of Professor of Department of Irrigation and Karaj, Iran. Tehran, of Agriculture and natural resources of University Faculty of [email protected] 1 Karaj, Iran, Tehran, of Agriculture and Natural Resources of University Faculty of *Corresponding author: [email protected], Tel: +989352875980. soil to reach its lower plastic limit in the subsurface, trench and surfacesoil to reach its lower plastic limit in the drainage systems were obtained 26, 22 and 16 hours from the start of the experiments and 14, and 11, 15 hours after the depletion of excess water results showed that the drainage of water via trench drainage was far moreresults showed that the drainage of water of trench drainage inthan other methods; nonetheless, the performance The required time for the top the reduction of soil moisture was better. pipe). Experiments were implemented in a physical model capable of themodel capable in a physical were implemented Experiments pipe). simulation of 7.5 meters drain spacing. Drainage water and soil moisture The and distances from the drain pipe were measured. depths at different study is to evaluate three different drainage methods including: 1- surface study is to evaluate three different drainage, 2- subsurface pipe drainage along with drainage trench with high-permeable material underground and 3- trench drainage (filled Paddy fields have the ability of multi-cultivation as comparedcrops. Low permeability to other rate and long term waterlogging of paddy soils of thisTherefore, the aim cause serious problems for non-rice crops. ABSTRACT 100 Abstracts of Papers KEY WORDS: second-cultivation operations. for qualifications appropriate provide to alternative effective most the be faster depletionofexcesswater;eventually, thetrenchdrainageprovedto over thesoilsurface,respectively. Although surfacedrainagerepresentsin 13 th ICID InternationalDrainage ICID Workshop, Ahwaz, Iran,4-7March 2017 Physicalmodel,Hardpan, Trench drainage,Soilmoisture. Topic 5 Abstracts of Papers 101 1 2 , Md Zillur Rahman 1 , Arash Mahjoubi 2 , Simon Dupree 1,* PRESENT AND FUTURE SCENARIOS PRESENT Hamid Reza Kkodabakhshi Hamid Reza Kkodabakhshi Frank Riesbeck WATER MANAGEMENT IN THE KHUZESTAN THE KHUZESTAN IN MANAGEMENT WATER PROVINCE (KARUN-DEZ RIVER AREA) INTO A AREA) INTO RIVER PROVINCE (KARUN-DEZ SUSTAINABLE AND INTEGRATIVE DIRECTION FOR DIRECTION AND INTEGRATIVE SUSTAINABLE ICID International Drainage Workshop, Ahwaz, Iran, 4-7 March 2017 4-7 March Iran, Ahwaz, Workshop, ICID Drainage International PROPOSALS TO DIRECT AGRICULTURAL DRAINAGE AGRICULTURAL DIRECT TO PROPOSALS th Humboldt University zu Berlin, Germany. *Corresponding author: Humboldt University zu Berlin, Germany. Ahwaz, Iran KWPA, 13 1 [email protected] 2 agricultural irrigation and drainage systems plays a key role within drainage and irrigation agricultural in detail. and will be examined drainage water management agricultural future irrigation water supply by establishing monitoring, controlling water supply by establishing future irrigation both water quality and quantity. structures affecting and modelling groundwater within saline and shallow between relation the Moreover, improve the current situation but also to redirect Khuzestan´s drainage improve the current situation but also The scenarios. future within manner sustainable a into management water ambition is to manage present and future drainage water flows but also Khuzestan. It integrates water re-use, drainage discharge possibilities, discharge water re-use, drainage Khuzestan. It integrates water use ways to increase and (desalination) treatment waste water efficienciesrelated to irrigation and leaching. All strategies aim to to overcome current inefficiencies.A focus will approach management drainage integrative sustainable a achieve to be put on solutions consumer within water main as the focusses on agriculture (IDWM) that effluent lead far-reachingto possible ways to evaluate This paper attempts complications. political environmental, social, economic and Khuzestan, a south-western province of Iran, is the main region of region main of Iran, is the a south-western province Khuzestan, drainage water management subsurface drainage in the area. Current high volumes of saline drainage In particular, faces major challenges. ABSTRACT 102 Abstracts of Papers Water Reuse, Khuzestan, Iran. Monitoring of Quality and Quantity Pollution, Salinity, Treatment Technologies, Management, IrrigationControlSystems,MethodsofandDrainage, KEY WORDS: Water and Power Authority (KWPA). research project jointly with Humboldt University Berlin and Khuzestan The paperisbasedoncollected data andfactorsofanongoingempirical 13 th ICID InternationalDrainage ICID Workshop, Ahwaz, Iran,4-7March 2017 Drainage Water Quality, Integrated Drainage Water Topic 5 Abstracts of Papers 103 2 5 , Simon Dupree 1 , Arash Mahjoubi 4 ,Md Zillur Rahman 3,* Hamid Reza Kkodabakhshi Hamid Reza Kkodabakhshi (CASE OF KHUZESTAN PROVINCE, IRAN) PROVINCE, KHUZESTAN (CASE OF Frank Riesbeck (KIWRM) FOR THE BEST OF SUSTAINABLE SUSTAINABLE OF THE BEST (KIWRM) FOR A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK OF KHUZESTAN KHUZESTAN FRAMEWORK OF CONCEPTUAL A INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT WATER INTEGRATED ICID International Drainage Workshop, Ahwaz, Iran, 4-7 March 2017 4-7 March Iran, Ahwaz, Workshop, ICID Drainage International th AGRICULTURAL AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AGRICULTURAL Humboldt University zu Berlin, Germany. *Corresponding author: Humboldt University zu Berlin, Germany. Ahwaz, Iran KWPA, 13 1 [email protected] 2 (IRWM), 2) Integrated Irrigation and Drainage System Management (IRWM), agricultural development in the province. to cover broader aspects ofThe framework is divided into four sub-models Management Water River agricultural development such as 1) Integrated Berlin and Khuzestan Water and Power Authority (KWPA). The mainThe (KWPA). Authority Power and Water Khuzestan and Berlin need of multiple approaches andfocus of the model is to emphasize the economic, environmental,inclusion of all relevant aspects (e.g. social, sustainable the pattern and technological), which affect agri-crop policy, is based on contemporary literature review from the local and fromis based on contemporary literature review collected data and factors of anexamples of global contexts as well as with Humboldt University inongoing empirical research project jointly strategy for sustainable soil/water resource management, agriculturalresource sustainable soil/water for strategy needsthese address To Khuzestan. in development socio-economic and which this paper, in designed has been a holistic management approach western province of Iran. Given the observable impacts of rapid economicwestern province of Iran. Given the observable conditionsextreme change-based climate and Khuzestan in development (in arid and semi-arid regions), there is a significant demand for a new The main objective of this paper is to present a conceptual frameworka present this paper is to objective of main The approach for improving the(model) of holistic integrated management water use efficiency and agricultural development in Khuzestan, a south- ABSTRACT 104 Abstracts of Papers KEY WORDS: management intheprovince. part ofthecomplete(holisticmanagementframework)sustainablewater in aseparatepapertodemonstratehowthissub-modelisanintegrated example ofsub-modelIDWMinKarun-DezRiverareaispresented Khuzestan´s agriculturalandsocio-economicdevelopment.Finally, an management andtocontrolthequalityquantityofwaterstabilizing timely adjustedandintegratedintoonesystem,areneededforsustainable for agriculturalmanagementhardlyexist.Insteaddifferent strategies, Drainage Networks’ KWPA. Itistoemphasisethatonewaysolutions Pilot andDemonstrationProjects(PDPs)onseveral‘Irrigation KIWRM model presented in this paper, is getting implemented through 4) Integrated Aquaculture andFishFirmManagement(IAFFM). The (IIDSM), 3)IntegratedDrainage Wastewater Management(IDWM)and Farm, IrrigationandDrainage,Khuzestan,Iran. Agri-crop Patternand Technological Aspect, River, Wastewater, Fish Water Resource Management, Social,Economic,Environmental, Policy, 13 th ICID InternationalDrainage ICID Workshop, Ahwaz, Iran,4-7March 2017 Conceptual framework, Holistic Modelling, Integrated Conceptualframework,HolisticModelling,Integrated Topic 5 Abstracts of Papers 105 3 , Arash Mahjoubi 2 4 , Mahmud Hajishah Mohsen Zarshenas 1,* Majid Sharifipour DRAINAGE WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN MANAGEMENT WATER DRAINAGE OF THE SOUTH WEST KHUZESTAN, IRAN KHUZESTAN, WEST THE SOUTH OF ICID International Drainage Workshop, Ahwaz, Iran, 4-7 March 2017 4-7 March Iran, Ahwaz, Workshop, ICID Drainage International th Sazab Pardazan Consulting Engineering Company, Ahwaz, Iran Sazab Pardazan Consulting Engineering Company, Ahwaz, Iran Authority, and Power Water Khuzestan Ahwaz, Iran Sazab Pardazan Consulting Engineering Company, Assistant Professor, Department of Water Engineering, Lorestan University, Iran. 13 2 3 4 1 *Corresponding author: [email protected], +989166683808 Tel: [email protected], IDNs, was used to choose between reusing or disposing of it. DrainageIDNs, was used to choose between reusing during the operation period;water salinity of IDNs will thus be reduced for predicting drainage water Q & Q in the operation period of IDNs wasfor predicting drainage water Q & Q in developed and validated using a research field of 25 hectares. The model and salinity of drainage discharge was executed for all IDNs to predict the drainage water salinity of thewater during the operation period. Predicted of 340,000 hectares) as an integrated plan. Drainage water management isof 340,000 hectares) as an integrated plan. also onand social conditions and environmental, economic dependent on Thus, a model always changing. its quality and quantity (Q & Q), which are in the downstream sectors of rivers. Due to the development of irrigationin the downstream sectors of rivers. Due it was decided to manage theand drainage networks (IDN) after the 2000s, of Khuzestan (with an areadrainage waters of the IDNs in the southwest in irrigated lands of the south of Khuzestan. Drainage water disposal toin irrigated lands of the south of Khuzestan. forsolution common a was rivers, large usually bodies, water receiving especially damage, major caused It 1990s. the in problems water drainage The existence of four large rivers and hundred thousand flatlands have made have flatlands thousand hundred and rivers large four of existence The area. Because of soilthe Khuzestan province an important agricultural subsurface drainage is inevitable salinity and saline shallow groundwater, ABSTRACT 106 Abstracts of Papers KEY WORDS: to reducethequantityandenhancingqualityofdrainagewaters. transforming drainsetc.Someonfarmmethodshavealsobeenconsidered time willbethedesigndischarge forre-usesites, pumpstations,main The maximumdischarges ofreuseordisposaldrainagewatersduringthe is tobetransferredreusingsitesordisposedof,couldcalculated. applying thesaidtimetable,discharge of the drainagewatersthat crop farming,desertgreeningorwillbetransferredtowaterbodies.By reduced overtimeand the drainagewaterwillbereusedfor salt-tolerant disposed ofinevaporationpondsorthePersianGulf.Salinitywillbe would notbepossiblebecauseofitshighsalinity, asaresultitwillbe operating period,especially in thereclamationstage,drainagewaterreuse salinity anddischarge foreachoftheIDNscouldbeprovided.Inearly tandem withthemodelledpredictions,andatimetable for drainagewaters the salinity. The IDNsconstructionschedulewouldthenbeestimatedin therefore, the managerial approach willchange cin linewith the extentof network, Drainage water disposal, Evaporation pond. 13 th ICID InternationalDrainage ICID Workshop, Ahwaz, Iran,4-7March 2017 Drainagewaterreuse,Salinity, Irrigationanddrainage Topic 5 Abstracts of Papers 107 3 , Ngudiantoro 2 4 , Adang Saf Ahmad 1,* Jarot Widiatmoko Jarot Widiatmoko Robiyanto H. Susanto FOR FOOD SECURITY OF THE NATION OF FOR FOOD SECURITY WATER MANAGEMENT AND FARMING AND FARMING MANAGEMENT WATER INDONESIAN RECLAIMED LOWLANDS INDONESIAN SYSTEM TECHNOLOGIES WITHIN THE SYSTEM TECHNOLOGIES ICID International Drainage Workshop, Ahwaz, Iran, 4-7 March 2017 4-7 March Iran, Ahwaz, Workshop, ICID Drainage International th INACID/Sriwijaya University. *Corresponding author: [email protected] INACID/Sriwijaya University. South Sumatra INACID Sriwijaya University Resources, Water of General Directorate BBWSSVIII, INACID/ Sumatera South INACID/Director of Irrigation and Swamp, DGWR, MPW and SP MPW INACID/Director of Irrigation and Swamp, DGWR,

13 3 4 MPW-SP 1 2 yield of paddy from 3-4 tons grain/ ha to 5-6 of ratton paddy and water melonplanting season of March-June, the use tons/ ha. In the second for example will be benefited to adapt to the water regime during this soy bean production have improved the yield. Rainfall, drainage, water drainage, Rainfall, yield. the improved have production bean soy retention and supplemental tidal irrigation are able to fulfill paddywater season planting (first March to November in level farm the at requirements technologies have improved systems of farming Application the year). of areas in South Sumatera, Jambi, South Kalimantan, West Kalimantan, West Kalimantan, areas in South Sumatera, Jambi, South management Water provinces. East Kalimantan and North Kalimantan corn and for paddy, consideration and farming systems technologies islands. The total paddy field in combination of other crops within the This paper will 4.2 million ha. lowlands of Indonesia so far is around lowlands within the transmigrationthe reclaimed focus mainly on and coconut were planted. The Government of Indonesia since 1970 has1970 since Indonesia of The Government planted. were coconut and area for food production andbeen developing additional new settlement in Sumatera and Kalimantantransmigration up to 1.8 million ha mostly Indonesians have been using lowlands nearby the rivers for foodfor rivers the nearby lowlands using been have Indonesians production for decades. Local indigenous Paddy people range. tidal had the within developed systems drainage intensive paddy shallow with field ABSTRACT 13th ICID International Drainage Workshop, Ahwaz, Iran, 4-7 March 2017

period. In the drier months of June – September, corn is planted with the yield of 7-8 tons grain/ ha. Consideration of the water management and farming systems technologies has to be made depend on the site specific condition exits. Prospective uses of this approach has been implemented to around 500.000 ha of reclaimed lowlands within the transmigration areas in Sumatera and Kalimantan with an estimate of cost around Rp 3-4 million/ha. Knowledge transfer and empowering the local institutions have to be done simultaneously during this process.

KEY WORDS: Integrated lowland development, Water management, Farming system technology, Propagation development tdal lowland. Abstracts of Papers

108 Topic 5 Abstracts of Papers 109 3 , Di Xu 2,* , Shaoli Wang 1 SIMULATION STUDY SIMULATION Yuan Tao Tao Yuan SUBSURFACE DRAINAGE SYSTEM DRAINAGE SUBSURFACE ON THE PERFORMANCE OF AN IMPROVED PERFORMANCE OF THE ON ICID International Drainage Workshop, Ahwaz, Iran, 4-7 March 2017 4-7 March Iran, Ahwaz, Workshop, ICID Drainage International th Department of Irrigation and Drainage, China Institute of Water Resources and Resources Water Institute of Department of Irrigation and Drainage, China 13 Hydropower Research; National Center China.Beijing, No.20, Road of West Chegongzhuang Beijing. – Research Technology Efficient Irrigation Engineering and [email protected] Technology Research – Beijing. Chegongzhuang West Road No.20, Beijing, China.Beijing, No.20, Road West Chegongzhuang Beijing. – Research Technology [email protected] author: *Corresponding Resources and Water Institute of Department of Irrigation and Drainage, China Technology Research – Beijing. Chegongzhuang West Road No.20, Beijing, China.Beijing, No.20, Road West Chegongzhuang Beijing. – Research Technology [email protected] Resources and Water Institute of Department of Irrigation and Drainage, China Hydropower Research,; National Center of Efficient Irrigation Engineering and 1 Hydropower Research; National Center of Efficient Irrigation Engineering and In addition water table depths at different distances from the drain pipe In addition water table depths at different drainage were simulated underfor improved and conventional subsurface The results no surface ponding. initial conditions of saturated soil and impacts of the filters’ hydraulic conductivity, in addition to the filter width filter the to addition in conductivity, hydraulic filters’ the of impacts subsurface and drainageand height, drain spacing and depth on improved ponding depth to support the subsequent design. with constant discharge due to the laying of high permeability materials as filters above the drains the above filters as materials permeability high of laying the to due whose function is limited bybased on conventional subsurface drainage The HYDRUS model was used to evaluate the soil hydraulic conductivity. New requirements have been put forward for agricultural drainageagricultural for forward been put have requirements New systems due to frequent floods and shortage of cultivated land in China. The improved subsurface drainage is a more efficient drainage system ABSTRACT 110 Abstracts of Papers subsurface drainage,Discharge, Water table,Runoff reduction. KEY WORDS: and technologies promote thedevelopmentofagriculturaldrainageinChina. drainage agricultural enrich to beneficial be would it drainage designandlayagoodfoundationforitsapplication.Meanwhile, subsurface improved for basis scientific a provide results research The helped toshortensubsequentdrainingtimeduringwatertabledrawdown. beneficial was in thedecreasingofamountsoilwaterstorageafterrainfalland drainage subsurface improved of ability drain Suitable surface runoff effectively, especially for improved subsurface drainage. table depths,theresults showed that subsurface drainage could reduce conventional subsurfacedrainagewithdifferent rainfalls andinitialwater growth. Furthermore,throughdailywaterbalanceanalysisofimprovedand ones andprovidedamorefavourablesoilmoistureconditionforcrop lowered thewatertabletoanappropriatedepthfasterthanconventional drainage subsurface Improved soil. field the of draining the of beginning the after 12h within drainage subsurface conventional the than more 45% function due to the fact that the cumulative outflow had increased by about indicated thattheimprovedsubsurfacedrainagehadareal-time 13 th ICID InternationalDrainage ICID Workshop, Ahwaz, Iran,4-7March 2017 HYDRUS, Improved subsurface drainage, Conventional HYDRUS,Improvedsubsurfacedrainage,Conventional Topic 5 Abstracts of Papers 111 land, 4 , Novia Sumardi 3 , Edward Saleh 2 , Robiyanto H. Susanto , Robiyanto H. Susanto THE EFFECT OF CANAL WATER WATER CANAL OF THE EFFECT BANYUASIN, SOUTH SUMATERA BANYUASIN, SOUTH 1,* WATER TABLE AT THE RECLAIMED AT TABLE WATER RETENTION ON THE FLUCTUATING THE FLUCTUATING RETENTION ON LOWLANDS FARM AT TANJUNG LAGO, TANJUNG AT LOWLANDS FARM Warsito ICID International Drainage Workshop, Ahwaz, Iran, 4-7 March 2017 4-7 March Iran, Ahwaz, Workshop, ICID Drainage International th Novia: Faculty of Engineering, University of Sriwijaya Robiyanto Hendro Susanto: Faculty of Agriculture, University of Sriwijaya Robiyanto Hendro Susanto: Faculty of Agriculture, University of Sriwijaya Edward: Faculty of Warsito : Faculty of Agriculture, University of Sriwijaya : Faculty of Warsito 13 2 3 4 1 KEY WORDS: Water table fluctuation, Drainage, Reclaimded tidal low tidal Reclaimded Drainage, fluctuation, table Water WORDS: KEY Controlled drainage. 200 day experiment, soil and water samples are taken 16 times to be analyzedbe to times 16 taken are samples water and soil experiment, day 200 in relation to the fluctuating water table. The NO3-, NH4+, pH content of the water sample corresponded to the paper. this the in discussed are fluctuatingfluctuation table water waterthe to related table.results research Preliminary Water retention (controlled drainage) mode was applied by farmers especially Water The release of water in the canal to a depth ofduring the rice growing period. theOver cm. -20 to level table water the lowered bank canal the below cm -50 free drainage approach is influenced by tidal water movement into the tertiary the into movement water tidal by influenced is approach drainage free canals bordering the Afarmers constant fields. water retention -10 cm below the farm from -10 cm to +20 cm.the canal bank increased the water table in to February followed by water melon cultivation in March to May, and corn in March to May, to February followed by water melon cultivation in June to September. The fluctuation of the water table in the farm is very applying a management Water crusial in determining the cropping calender. The reclaimed lowlands of Indonesia, respective of one 16 ha tertiary block within a 256 ha secondary block consisting of 16 tertiary blocks, are used for season of NovemberThe Paddy is planted during the rainy food production. ABSTRACT 112 Abstracts of Papers Abstracts of Papers 113 Topic 6: Topic

Drainage 6 Special Issues 114 Abstracts of Papers Topic 6 Abstracts of Papers 115 3 , Akram Mojtaba 2 , Fouad Tajik , Fouad Tajik 1,* Shahram Ashrafi Shahram THE EFFECT OF LONG TERM TIDAL TIDAL TERM LONG OF THE EFFECT ABADAN ISLAND, KHUZESTAN, IRAN) KHUZESTAN, ABADAN ISLAND, OF IMPERMEABLE LAYER (CASE STUDY: STUDY: (CASE IMPERMEABLE LAYER OF IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE ON FORMATION ON FORMATION AND DRAINAGE IRRIGATION ICID International Drainage Workshop, Ahwaz, Iran, 4-7 March 2017 4-7 March Iran, Ahwaz, Workshop, ICID Drainage International th Expert, AREEO, Agricultural Engineering Research Institute, Karaj, Iran. AREEO, Expert, Research Institute of Iran, Karaj, Iran. Agricultural Member of technical committee, Associate Professor, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension OrganizationExtension and Education Research, Agricultural Professor, Associate 13 author: [email protected] [email protected], 2 3 1 * CorrespondingAgricultural Engineering Research Institute, Karaj, Iran. (AREEO), clayey texture, biological activities, mostly live and thick roots holes haveclayey texture, biological activities, mostly of Value texture. this in pores the of size athe and magnitude the changed atm/day from 34 varies soil top of the conductivity saturated hydraulic of the subsoil as well. Based on the piezometric measurements, soil layerof the subsoil as well. Based on the piezometric study profile Soil impermeable. is cm 130 to 70 of depths between located showed three distinguishable layers in the experimental field. Although soil texture in the first layer (up to 75 cm depth) have been classified as a soil (up to depth 95 cm) shows that, soil is very permeable up to 70 cm depth, but from the depth of 70 cm to 95 cm below the soil surface, it is also have shown impermeabilityimpermeable. Piezometric measurements of river water salinity and surprisingly failed Into orderwork efficiently. to find the cause, hydraulic conductivity of conductivity of the topusing parallel ditch drains. Saturated hydraulic soil layers were measured make subsurface irrigation possible while during low tides ditches actmake subsurface irrigation possible while out of the plant root-zone. Recently as the drains and water discharges traditional drainage due to risingparts of the plantation has gone under Abadan palm date plantations have long been irrigated under tidal effects. effects. been irrigated under tidal long plantations have Abadan palm date Rivers flowing down to the sea have been and still are the water source for irrigation. During high tides, river water flows into the ditches and ABSTRACT 116 Abstracts of Papers Piezometer, Recharge ditch. KEY WORDS: drains laidbelowcannotworkproperly. which hasbeenundertherootspreadcanbeassumedpermeableanddeep concluded that in tidal subsurface irrigation, only the upper part of the soil the topsoiltoaverylowconductivityatdepthofaround70cm.Itwas 13 th ICID InternationalDrainage ICID Workshop, Ahwaz, Iran,4-7March 2017 Date plantation,Drainditch,Hydraulicconductivity, Topic 6 Abstracts of Papers 117 3 5,* , Lui Topalhasan Topalhasan , Lui 2 , Henk Ritzema 4 , Abdullah Suat Nacar Abdullah Suat Nacar , 1 Ali Fuat Tari IN IRRIGATED AGRICULTURE IN IRRIGATED İdris Bahçeci FOR SUBSURFACE DRAINAGE SYSTEMS DRAINAGE SYSTEMS FOR SUBSURFACE A NEW DRAIN PIPE-ENVELOPE CONCEPT DRAIN PIPE-ENVELOPE CONCEPT NEW A ICID International Drainage Workshop, Ahwaz, Iran, 4-7 March 2017 4-7 March Iran, Ahwaz, Workshop, ICID Drainage International th Director, Hidroluis Drainage Pipe System, Istanbul, Turkey Hidroluis Drainage Pipe System, Istanbul, Director, Turkey Şanliurfa, Agriculture, Harran University, Faculty of Research Management Group, Department of Water Assistant Professor, Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, Harran University, Şanliurfa, Turkey Şanliurfa, Agriculture, Harran University, Faculty of Professor, Turkey Şanliurfa, Institute, Research Agricultural GAP the at Engineer Agricultural 13 Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Wageningen, University & Research, Wageningen Environmental Sciences, Wageningen, AA 6700 47, Box P.O. Research, & University Wageningen Netherlands. The Netherlands. *Corresponding author: [email protected] 3 4 5 1 2 problematical factors which are evident are that as compared to rainfedproblematical factors which are evident than important less is envelope an of function hydraulic the agriculture, the filter function moreover, the root growth inside tackle these problems, an innovative envelope design To major problem. the drain pipe is a developed in Western Europe and the USA and often lead to disappointing Europe and the USA Western developed in results when applied in other countries where effectiveness their have specifications not and been proven in field trials. In irrigated lands, the soil type. As soils are rather variable, the design of envelopes is notAs soils are rather variable, the soil type. haveby the numerous norms and criteria that as illustrated straightforward These norms and criteria have been mainly been developed worldwide. siltation, and root growth inside the pipe. A wide variety of materials wide variety A siltation, and root growth inside the pipe. tomaterials synthetic and mineral from ranging envelopes, as used are The challenge is to match the envelope specifications with mineral fibres. In irrigated lands, drain pipes are equipped with envelopes to safeguardIn irrigated lands, drain pipes are equipped the three main hazards of poorthe subsurface drainage system against drain-line performance: high flow resistance inthe vicinity of the drain, ABSTRACT 118 Abstracts of Papers resistance, Drainperformance. KEY WORDS: irrigated lands. envelope is a good alternative for a sand/gravel or synthetic envelope in showed nosignsofrootgrowth.ItcanbeconcludedthattheHydroluis® compared tothegeo-textile,whichshowedbestdrainperformanceand Hydroluis® envelopeshadaconsiderablelowerentranceresistanceas lower sedimentloadascomparedtothecontrolandsand-gravel a controlwithnoenvelopematerial. All threeenvelopetypeshada was testedandcomparedwithageotextile,sand-gravelenvelope on thesoiltypethanexistingenvelopematerials. The newconcept the soil. The main advantageofthenew concept is that it is less dependent of theinnerpipeleavingbottompartincontactwith perforations atthetopandanunperforatedouterpipethatcoversabout2/3 concept, Hydroluis®,consistsofacorrugatedinnerpipewithtworows Turkey.Province, Haran in new area The pilot ha 50 a in tested been has concept, basedonoptimizingthegeometryofpipeandenvelope, 13 th ICID InternationalDrainage ICID Workshop, Ahwaz, Iran,4-7March 2017 Subsurface drainage, Envelope materials, Entrance Subsurface drainage, Envelope materials, Entrance Topic 6 Abstracts of Papers 119 2 , G.G.Guluyk 1,* I.G.Bondrik Close drainage, Land reclamation, wetland, heavy soil,

THEORY AND PRACTICE IN RUSSIA AND THEORY CLOSED DRAINAGE ON HEAVY SOIL: ON HEAVY CLOSED DRAINAGE ICID International Drainage Workshop, Ahwaz, Iran, 4-7 March 2017 4-7 March Iran, Ahwaz, Workshop, ICID Drainage International th All-Russian institute for hydraulic engineering and land reclamation, Moscow, Russia All-Russian institute for hydraulic engineering and land reclamation, Moscow,

All-Russian institute for hydraulic engineering and land reclamation, Moscow, reclamation, Moscow, All-Russian institute for hydraulic engineering and land 13 Russia. *Corresponding author: [email protected]; Bolshay Akademicheskay 44,Akademicheskay Bolshay [email protected]; author: Russia. *Corresponding Russia. VNIIGiM, Moscow, 2 KEY WORDS: KEY adaptive landscape tillage. 1 theoretical findings, experimental works and results of their practical use were carried were use practical their of results and works experimental findings, theoretical the Nonchernozem Zone. out in some land reclamation project areas of practices for long-term operation of reclamation systems, in particular on heavypractices for long-term operation of reclamation of the humid zone soils polluted as asoils with the use of drainage and rehabilitation The assessment of was successfully solved. This problem result of human activities. the Russian Federation located within the Nonchernozem Zone, the remaining landthe Russian Federation located within the Nonchernozem The goal-oriented federal Far East. areas are located in the regions of Siberia and «Development of agricultural land reclamation of Russia for the program target system of rational agro-ameliorativeperiod until 2020» was aimed at developing the ha are drained; the balance cost of systems of all the forms of ownership totals 307of ownership totals the forms of all systems the balance cost of drained; ha are billion roubles. Out of the total area of drained lands 3.0 million ha, represented with closed drainage or systems, including 2.6 million 62 ha in 29 subjects %, of are and research organizations. One of the most important and effective methods of of the most important and effective One and research organizations. there is closed drainage. Currently, preventing lands from over wetting and bogging Federation, of which 4.8 millionare 9.3 million ha of reclaimed lands in the Russian Maintaining, rehabilitation, and rational use of fertile agricultural lands are still urgentstill are lands agricultural fertile of use rational and rehabilitation, Maintaining, of agricultural land areas and naturalproblems at present. High-quality improvement reclamation is one of the quidelinesagrolandscapes on the basis of multipurpose land water management, designingAgriculture, of the activities of the Ministry of ABSTRACT 120 Abstracts of Papers 1 (SUDS) techniques have been used as a tool for integrated water resources impacts ofdevelopedlandarea,SustainableUrbanDrainage System and increasingwatersurfacerunoff. To minimizetheenvironmental permeability water reducing by risk flood increases that factor one is use events onresidentsandthelocalagriculturalsector. The changeinland such of impact the reduce to area the in drought and flood prevent to plan a proposes Mitigation and Prevention Disaster of Office year.The every droughts and floods both with deals District Thepa the Geographically, line. kV 500 voltage transmission high of construction the as well as facilities, covers theconstructionofpowerplantcomplex,bearthandjetty Project Plant Power Thepa The km2. 4.736 around of area an has project Pak BangSub-district, Thepa District,SongkhlaProvince, Thailand. The at area coastal the near located is Plant Power Coal-fired Thepa supply. plant istobedevelopedprovidereliableanddependableelectricity steadily. To ensurestabilityofsupply, itwasdecided thatabaseloadpower economic development; thus, growth in electricity demand increases The southernpartof Thailand playsanimportantroleintourism and ABSTRACT [email protected] [email protected] Thailand. 53 Moo 2 Charansanitwong Road, Bang Kruai, Nontaburi 11130, Thailand. 2 [email protected] author: *Corresponding Thailand. 53 Moo 2 Charansanitwong Road, Bang Kruai, Nontaburi 11130, Thailand. 13 CivilandHydroPowerEngineering Division,ElectricityGenerating Authority of CivilandHydroPowerEngineering Division,ElectricityGenerating Authority of th ICID InternationalDrainage ICID Workshop, Ahwaz, Iran,4-7March 2017 COASTAL POWERPLANT: OPTIMIZATION DRAINAGE SYSTEMDESIGNFOR Chawalit Chanamai OF LIMITEDRESOURCES 1,* , NarinPhaowanich 2 Topic 6 Abstracts of Papers 121 Drainage design, Power plant, SUDS, SSA, Storm Drainage,Drainage design, Power plant, SUDS, SSA, ICID International Drainage Workshop, Ahwaz, Iran, 4-7 March 2017 4-7 March Iran, Ahwaz, Workshop, ICID Drainage International th 13 KEY WORDS: KEY Sustain Urban Drainage System. run-off canal. This system will effectively utilize the surface runoff while runoff utilize the surface This system will effectively canal. run-off providing a reliable flood prevention system to the power plant. The results of the study through the application of SUDS techniques showThe results of the study through the application that the drainage system is composed of a 5.00 x 3.65 m 1.50 km main drain channel ., 2 retention ponds of total capacity 6,900,000 m3, and a and The channel. maximum flow velocity is then quantified by the return isThe drainage system planning period of rainfall at the project area. of Concentrate (TOC), Time (ii) considered based on (i) Rational Method, and (iii) Flood Routing. operation. Accordingly, the flow velocityshould be designed cleaning The velocity. velocity is then defined as for self- the rate between 0.6 to prevent erosion of pipe, gutter3.0 m/s to prevent sedimentation and to resources, not only for drainage, but also for power plant usage duringresources, not only for drainage, but also construction as well as operation. is mandatory for reliable plantFlood prevention of the power plant in the design is to try to avoid any conflicts with the criteria of drainage design andAfter examining all relevant aspects, the local community. set up to fully utilize availablethe criteria of sustainability design are Power Plant. After identifying a suitable area for constructing a powera constructing for area suitable a identifying After Plant. Power runoff, rainfall, temperature, area, flood including data hydrological plant, for the basis geometry were collected to be used as soil properties and principals key the of One problems. area flood preventing design drainage system has been design using the Storm and Sanitary Analysis (SSA) twoAnalysis using the Storm and Sanitary system has been design hydraulics model which is for hydrology and dimensional mathematical the of system drainage the of criteria the quantifies study The project. a in term. term. on the sustainable and environmental-friendlyThis study focuses primarily drainageThe plant. new coastal power the system for drainage design of protect natural resources, but also to maintain good public health. Inhealth. public good to maintain also but resources, protect natural by diversity biological preserves also technique SUDS the addition, land area over the long from developed environment impact minimizing and water management. SUDS techniques are internationally adopted as adopted techniques are internationally management. SUDS and water toonly not aiming philosophies design sustainable for tool effective an 122 Abstracts of Papers 3 [email protected] Australia. South SA5095, BLVD,Lakes Mawson UniSA, Campus, Lakes South Mawson Adelaide, Australia. 2 [email protected], Tel:+989133003792 author: *Corresponding 13445-1136. St., Iran. Box Shafiee Tehran, P.O. Shahid St., University ofSouth Australia, Adelaide, South Australia. SCWMRI,Shahid Asheri Management ResearchInstituteofIran, Tehran, Iran;1,*B Adjunct ResearchFellow, 1 some ofthemostimportantmodelsandthenintroduces SUSTAIN as combination ofbothpropertiesthecatchments. This paperaddresses models havebeenproposedwhicharebasedonhydrologic,hydraulicor is thekeyelementofanyurbanstormwatermanagementplans.Several Determining thetopologyofsuchstructures(number, sizeandplacement) impact ofurbanization,bestmanagementpracticeshavebeenproposed. on the water cycle of the cities. In order to reduce the hydrological objectives ofthisplanistoreducethenegativeimpacturbanization urban andregionaldevelopmentofSouth Australia. Oneofthe main plan named Water forGoodwaslaunchedin2012whichisaguide In anattempttotransitSouth Australia toawatersensitiveState, ABSTRACT [email protected] Australia. Victoria University, POBox14428, Melbourne VIC 8001, Australia. 4 Adelaide, South Australia. [email protected] 13 PhD.CivilEngineering, Associate Professor, Victoria University, Melbourne, PhD.CivilEngineering,Research Associate,University ofSouth Australia, MSc. CivilEngineering,OperationsManager, UniversityofSouth Australia, A th PhD.HydrologyandHydrogeology, SoilConservationand Watershed ICID InternationalDrainage ICID Workshop, Ahwaz, Iran,4-7March 2017 MANAGEMENT FOR WATER SENSITIVE Sattar Chavoshi URBAN DESIGNUSINGSUSTAIN MODELING STORM WATERMODELING 1,* Ashok K.Sharma , DavidPezzaniti 4 2 , BadenMyers 3 Topic 6 Abstracts of Papers 123 Water Sensitive Urban Design, Storm Water Management, Water Sensitive Urban Design, Storm Water ICID International Drainage Workshop, Ahwaz, Iran, 4-7 March 2017 4-7 March Iran, Ahwaz, Workshop, ICID Drainage International th 13 KEY WORDS: WORDS: KEY BMP. SUSTAIN, detention tanks, with results varying each time a successful scenario wassuccessful time a each varying results with detention tanks, outcomes is recommended torerun. Further optimization with multiple produce a pattern of optimal tank arrangement. storm event. For detention systems, an orifice 25there However, mmARI. years 5 wasand ARI successfullyyears 2 the both preserving for used in the placement of retention ordid not appear to be any clear pattern disposal) greater than 450 L/day ARI storm event, and greater produce an optimum result for the 2 years of retained water were ARI 5 year required the of flow peak existing the preserve to flow L/day 5000 than to results for preserving peak flow rate within the catchment, producing data producing catchment, the within rate flow peak preserving for results size and placement of retentionregarding the least cost solution for the scenario, levels of demand (oror detention storages. In the retention catchment and BMPs, SUSTAIN was run for a minimum of six monthssix for a minimum of was run SUSTAIN catchment and BMPs, leading up to the 2 or total 5 ARI A of year event. 15 out of 50 scenarios result into an optimized solution which can be classified in three groups produced successfully of used BMPs. SUSTAIN according to the type tank (cistern) and detention tank (bioretention as a surrogate) were studied. tank (bioretention as a surrogate) tank (cistern) and detention After designing the study area, defining data layers, placement of BMPs, for each sub and the setting of parameters specifying routing network broken into five sub- catchments. The hydrologic parameters of the model the of parameters hydrologic The catchments. sub- five into broken using EPA a calibrated model which was developed were derived from rainwater(bioretention), garden rain i.e. BMPs of types Three SWMM. desired condition of the study. In order to study the potential of SUSTAIN potential of SUSTAIN order to study the In of the study. desired condition area located in Paraa part of the Paddocks water management, for storm hills, Australia South was selected which is 15.95 acres in size and was a suitable model for the optimization of best management practices in practices of best management model for the optimization a suitable on the model was based of the appropriate The selection Australia. South 124 Abstracts of Papers 1 for allocation financial no with concrete hard be to likely are site development a on However, formosturbandevelopmentswhere moneyistight,drainagesolutions costs of drainage are small and green space is normally an integralelement. no particularproblemsforhighcost,orvaluedevelopmentssince theadditional infrastructure solutionsareavailabletobeappliedanycityintheworld. There are to moresustainabledrainagearehighbutawholeportfolioofpotential ‘Green’ to people caused by flooding which frequently results from development. The barriers other ecosystemserviceswhichfollow, andthedamagetoproperties thedanger and food fish, and habitats losing of costs the against set be to need costs additional also tendstodiscouragethegoodnewideasinvolved.However, theperceived drainage projectsareveryoftenjust‘normalwork’. The inertiaofplanningsystems in additiontotheattractivenessofbiginfrastructureprojectspoliticians;whereas, added tothedevelopmentitself,andincreasedmaintenanceactivitiesrequired, in cityplanningandtherearemanybarrierstoprogressincludingtheperceivedcosts Sustainable UrbanDrainageSystemsrequireseveralchangesinthinkingandpractice Agenda (NUA)shallbesupportingandaddressingthesechallenges. practices, willbeaccepted;moreoveritgoesontodiscusshowtheNewUrban working existinorderthatthesenewideas,whichcutacrossexistingmethodsand be implementedwheregoodpolicies,supportivestakeholdergroupsandpartnership solutions involveSustainableUrbanDrainageSystems(SUDS)butSUDScanonly rivers and lakes caused by the expansion of cities. The most appropriate current on residentsandinotherplaces,theworseningofwaterqualitystreams, flooding of development city of impact the reduce to need the addresses paper This ABSTRACT Media Centre,NH-8,Gurgaon-122002 (India)[email protected] 3 00100, Kenya.*Correspondingauthor: [email protected] 2 Rehabilitation Branch,UN-Habitat, Nairobi 00100,[email protected] 13 FormerRegional Advisor (Asia),UrbanBasicServices,UN-Habitat, 128,National Nairobi UN-Habitat, Branch, Services Basic Urban Officer, Settlements Human Coordinator, UrbanBasicServicesBranch; Acting Coordinator, Risk Reduction and th ICID InternationalDrainage ICID Workshop, Ahwaz, Iran,4-7March 2017 SUSTAINABLE URBANDRAINAGE(SUD) AND NEW URBAN AGENDA (NUA) Andre Dzikus 1 , PirehOtieno 2,* , KulwantSingh 3 Topic 6 Abstracts of Papers 125 Policies and Planning Systems, Effective urban planning and Policies and Planning Systems, Effective ICID International Drainage Workshop, Ahwaz, Iran, 4-7 March 2017 4-7 March Iran, Ahwaz, Workshop, ICID Drainage International th 13 quality public spaces to improve the resilience of cities to disasters and climate change. settlements and urban landscapes, prioritizing the conservation of endemic species.settlements and urban landscapes, prioritizing WORDS: KEY management, Impacts of climate change and other natural and man-made hazards, climate change, reducing flood anddrought risks and heat waves, and improving food mental health, household and ambientsecurity and nutrition,in addition to physical and and livable cities and human noise reduction, and promoting attractive air quality, areas, delta regions, and small island developing States, among others. areas, delta regions, and small island developing to promote the creation and maintenance of well-connected and also commits NUA safe, inclusive, accessible, green,well-distributed networks of open, multi-purpose, resilience of cities to disasters andpublic spaces with high quality to improve the hazards, including extreme weather events such as and air droughts, water scarcity, including dust and sand storms, heat waves, water flooding, subsidence, storms, coastal rise that particularly affects pollution, vector borne diseases, and sea level culturally-sensitive sustainable solutions. recognizes that urban centers worldwide, especially in developing also NUA them and their inhabitants especiallycountries, often have characteristics that make and other natural and man-madevulnerable to the adverse impacts of climate change vulnerable situations. NUA seeks to ensure that this infrastructure is climate resilient seeks to ensure that this infrastructure situations. NUA vulnerable development plans, includingand forms part of an integrated urban and territorial manner, a participatory among others, and is implemented in housing and mobility, taking into account innovative, resource efficient, accessible, context specific, and and ensure universal and equitable access to safe and affordable drinking water aswater drinking affordable and safe to access equitable and universal ensure and and hygiene for all; and end openwell as access to adequate and equitable sanitation and safety of the fairer sex and those indefecation, with special attention to the needs management. Further, New Urban Agenda underscores the need to promote adequateAgenda underscores the need New Urban management. Further, systems and sustainable infrastructure and service provision investments in accessible waste management, urban drainage, hygiene and sanitation, sewage, solid for water, improve health and storm water management, in order to reduction of air pollution, The New Urban Agenda (NUA) aims at enhancing effective urban planning and at enhancing effective Agenda (NUA) aims The New Urban management, efficiency, and transparency through e-governance, information and geospatial informationapproaches, and assisted technologies communications drainage has the potential to provide habitat improvements which provide places for to provide habitat improvements which provide drainage has the potential in addition to connectivity between SUDS and natural areas, breeding, and to provide solutions of natural habitats thus providing more sustainable linking directly to zones drainage problems. and greener solutions to benefits need to be clear. Otherwise the total operational life costs will not be properly be not will costs life operational total the Otherwise clear. be to need benefits the the opportunity for and redevelopments give Major developments recognized. functions. Sustainable its use through multiple of open space to improve reallocation maintenance. Consequently, to achieve a more widespread use of sustainable drainage widespread use of sustainable to achieve a more Consequently, maintenance. multiple and necessary, is Infrastructure Green into integration greater principles, 126 Abstracts of Papers Eastern side,ishigherbyabout 1m,thanthelevelinothermoat. Also During therainyseason,waterlevelinmoatcloser totheNorth characteristics ofharmonybetweennaturewithmanhadto beretained. These problemwereurgent andunusualmainlybecauseofitsessential water managementandpreservationofheritageits environment. research foralongtime,particularlywithregardtothe problemof The wholeofthe Angkor heritageareahadbeenunderstudyand roof. the and floors walls, frequent inundationbyrainshasresultedindeteriorationof manyofits structure partlyduetotheentwiningforestationand duetoits to experience“theharmonybetweenmanandnature”. The decayofthe The temple has deliberatelybeenleftinastateofun-repair; forthetourist the sunlightandcastingagreenishpalloverwholescene. porches. Trees,filtering leaves their overhead, tower old, years of hundreds moss andcreepingplants,shrubssproutfromtheroofsofmonumental long-decayed trees.Bas-reliefsonbulgingwallsarecarpetedwithlichen, jumbled pilesofdelicatelycarvedstoneblocksdislodgedbytheroots and narrowcorridors.Manyofthecorridorsareimpassable,cloggedwith mother ofJayavarman VII. Ta Prohm is atempleoftowers, closed courtyards (Monastery oftheKing), Ta Prohmwasahindutemplededicatedtothe Built in 1186 in Siem Reap (Cambodia) and originally known as Rajavihara ABSTRACT 2 [email protected] 1 13 Chairman-cum-Managing Director, WAPCOS Ltd. *Corresponding author: author: Sr. GeneralManager(Comml.), WAPCOS Ltd *Corresponding Ltd. WAPCOS Director, Chairman-cum-Managing th ICID InternationalDrainage ICID Workshop, Ahwaz, Iran,4-7March 2017 FOR TA PROHM TEMPLE COMPLEX,SIEM FOR EXECUTIONOF DRAINAGESYSTEM TRENCHLESS TECHNOLOGY TRENCHLESS R. K.Gupta REAP, CAMBODIA 1,* , R.K. Agrawal 2 Topic 6 Abstracts of Papers 127 entwining forestation, water logging, Ground PenetrationGround logging, water forestation, entwining ICID International Drainage Workshop, Ahwaz, Iran, 4-7 March 2017 4-7 March Iran, Ahwaz, Workshop, ICID Drainage International th 13 KEY WORDS: KEY Radar (GPR), Cambodia visited by Higher Dignitaries of Royal Government of Cambodia and Indiavisited by Higher Dignitaries of Royal Government appreciated. well been has and India from persons prominent other and Historic Site of Angkor). The experts of ICC-ANGKOR from France,The experts of ICC-ANGKOR Angkor). Historic Site of the technology adopted byJapan and Kingdom of Cambodia appreciated The work was also and the way it has been implemented on site. WAPCOS scheduled time frame. During the execution Year 2014-2015 ANGKOR (International ICC- was inspected twice by the Experts of the work and Development of theCoordinating Committee for the Safeguarding comprises 25 Sinks, 11 Sink cum collection chambers III. & Enclosures II located in and 1 chamber This drainage system, a unique in its own kind, the first ever implemented Area and successfully completed within the Heritage World Angkor at connecting sinks to chambers and chambers to the Inner Moat, laid byconnecting sinks to chambers and chambers System also envisages 8The Drainage Technology. Trenchless using The complete network Moat. mainlines from the Inner Moat to the Outer harming the Tree roots. roots. Tree harming the started in March, 2014 and wasThe execution of the drainage system completed The in drainage March system 2015. comprises 16 main lines, lines was decided to be carried out at a lower depth than that of the treelines was decided to be carried out at a roots to avoid any damage. The findings of the GPR Survey ensured that safely without laid below 2m depths Drainage pipe lines could be the drainage system. Radar the Implementation plan, Ground Penetration For the preparation of complex to determine the Temple carried out in the (GPR) survey was of pipeThe laying and spreading of the tree roots. actual location, depth drainage plan. Due to the fact that the Temple complex is a world heritage Temple the fact that the drainage plan. Due to site, it was a difficult task to implement thedrainage system in an open was used to prepare an underground method Trenchless Therefore, a form. the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) entrusted Resources, Water Undertaking under the Ministry of Government of India WAPCOS Ltd., a execute a and Ganga Rejuvenation to prepare and River Development standing water up to 1m and at times up to floor levelwithin most of the season. the monsoon tourism during affects which structures of the temple, in the enclosures problem of water logging solve the To the rain-water accumulated within the temple complex doesn’t get drained get doesn’t the temple complex accumulated within the rain-water experiencesThe temple complex 4 days. standing for 3 to and remains 128 Abstracts of Papers 2 Iran. *Correspondingauthor:[email protected], [email protected] Water EngineeringDepartment, Water andSoilFaculty, UniversityofZabol, 1 The performanceofHYDRUS2Dmodelduringcalibrationand validation table depthanddraindischarge weremadeduringthegrowingseasons. cultivated as the second crop after rice harvest. Measurementsof water with different draindepthsandspacingswasdesigned.Canola province, northernIran. A drainagepilotconsistingsubsurface Agricultural SciencesandNaturalResourcesUniversity, Mazandaran canola growing seasons rainfed- at the subsurface- drained paddy fields of two the Sari during conducted were experiments Field fields. paddy in systems onthesoilwaterdynamicsunderrainfed-canolacroppingsystem applied to investigate the probable effects of different subsurface drainage approaches. Therefore, inthisresearch,theHYDRUS-2Dmodelwas alterations leadtotheuseofsimulationmodels,whicharemoreplausible involved in frequent field observations pertaining to quantification of such problems, theymayalterthenaturalsoilwaterdynamics. The costandtime condition forwintercroppingbycombattingthewaterloggingandponding suitable a provide fields paddy in systems drainage subsurface Although ABSTRACT Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA. Department of Environmental Sciences, Sciences, Environmental of Department University of California, Riverside, USA. Riverside, CA 92521, USA. [email protected] 92521, CA Riverside, Riverside, 3 Natural ResourcesUniversity. [email protected] 13 Assistant Professor, Water Engineering Department, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran. Professor, Departmentof Environmental Sciences,UniversityofCalifornia, Assistant Professor, Water EngineeringDepartment,Sari Agricultural Sciencesand th ICID InternationalDrainage ICID Workshop, Ahwaz, Iran,4-7March 2017 DRAINAGE ONSOIL WATER DYNAMICSIN A Fatemeh Karandish DICTING THE INFLUENCEOF SUBSURFACE APPLICATION OF HYDRUS-2DFORPRE RAINFED-CANOLA CROPPINGSYSTEM 1,* , Abdullah Darzi-Naftchali , Abdullah 2 , JiříŠimůnek - 3 Topic 6 Abstracts of Papers 129 HYDRUS-2D, Drainage flux, Dynamic simulation, ICID International Drainage Workshop, Ahwaz, Iran, 4-7 March 2017 4-7 March Iran, Ahwaz, Workshop, ICID Drainage International th 13 KEY WORDS: KEY Paddy field, Water table. to sustain shallow aquifers in the subsurface- drained paddy fields during winter cropping. depths), the model was capable enough for predicting drainage fluxes as The simulation results water balance components. well as the other soil strategy table management can be an effective demonstrated that water bios error (MBE) measures. Based on the criteria indices (MBE=0.01- 0.17 cm, RMSE=0.05-1.02 and EF=0.84-0.96 for drainage fluxes, MBE=0.01-0.63, and RMSE=0.34-5.54 and EF=0.89-0.99 for water table phases was evaluated using the model efficiency (EF), root mean square (NRMSE), and mean mean square error normalized root error (RMSE), 130 Abstracts of Papers 1 of discharge. KEY WORDS: suitable forthesoilfromsouth(Ramshirproject). suitable forthesoilfromnorth(Dehkhodaproject)andenvelope type3was were conducted. Analysis oftheresultsrevealedthatwhileenvelopetype1was intervals, gradientratiotestsaswellhydraulicconductivityofsoil-envelope tests flow directed time various at head upward total increasing with drains an from rates Outflow permeameter. in Khuzestan South and North from obtained samples soil representative two on tested were 3) and 2 1, (types envelopes synthetic PP450 long term performance of these envelopes. In this laboratoryresearch three different successful the about concern of reasons main the are research laboratory and field envelope manufacturing standard enforcement laws, lack of experience, insufficient complexity ofsoilhorizonsinthevastKhuzestanplain,weaknesssynthetic projects areplannedtoinstallonlylocallymanufacturedsyntheticenvelopes. The envelopes hasdevelopedinrecentyears.Morethan300000haofnewirrigation granular envelopesrequiringawidertrench,greattendencyfortheuseofsynthetic been satisfactory. Howeverduetorisingtransportationandinstallationcostsfor envelopes for100000haofsugarcane/irrigation-relatedprojectsinKhuzestanhas The performanceofsubsurfacedrainagepipesinstalledutilizinggranular ABSTRACT Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, [email protected] 3 University, Ahvaz, [email protected] 2 University, Ahvaz, Iran. *Corresponding author: [email protected] 13 Assistant Professor, Department of Water Science Engineering, Ahvaz Branch, DepartmentofIrrigationandDrainage, ScienceandResearchBranch,Islamic Azad Professor, Departmentof Water ScienceEngineering, Ahwaz Branch,Islamic Azad th ICID InternationalDrainage ICID Workshop, Ahwaz, Iran,4-7March 2017 EVALUATION AND COMPARISON OF LOCALLY ENVELOPES FORCOMPLEXCLAY SOILSOF NORTH AND SOUTHKHUZESTAN (IRAN) Heydar Ali Kashkuli Heydar Ali MANUFACTURED PP450SYNTHETIC Gradientratio,Hydraulicconductivity, Permeameter, Variations 1,* , Mina Afshari , 2 , Narges Zohrabi 3 Topic 6 Abstracts of Papers 131

4 7 2 , Amin Rafienia , 6 , Hamidreza Gharehmohammadloo , Hamidreza Gharehmohammadloo 3,* , Amir Ebrahim Yussefpour , Amir Ebrahim Yussefpour 1 , Ramin Niknam 5 Abd Ali Naseri Behzad Hojati INVESTIGATION THE METHODS TO THE METHODS TO INVESTIGATION IN THE TIDAL LANDS OF MINUSHAHR OF LANDS TIDAL THE IN Rahim Mohammadzadeh Rahim Mohammadzadeh ASSESS OF IMPERMEABLE LAYER DEPTH LAYER IMPERMEABLE ASSESS OF ICID International Drainage Workshop, Ahwaz, Iran, 4-7 March 2017 4-7 March Iran, Ahwaz, Workshop, ICID Drainage International th Department of Irrigation and Drainage, Ghods Niroo Engineering Company, Department of Irrigation and Drainage, Ghods Niroo Engineering Company, Jamab-Zistab Consulting Engineering Company, Ahvaz, Iran Jamab-Zistab Consulting Engineering Company, Ahvaz, Iran Jamab-Zistab Consulting Engineering Company, Department of Irrigation and Drainage, Ghods Niroo Engineering Company, Department of Irrigation and Drainage, Ghods Niroo Engineering Company, Niroo Engineering Company, Department of Irrigation and Drainage, Ghods Niroo Engineering Company, Department of Irrigation and Drainage, Ghods Professor of Irrigation and Drainage Department, Shahid Chamran UniversityProfessor of Irrigation and Drainage 13 Tehran, Iran Tehran, 7 Iran Tehran, Tehran, Iran. *Corresponding author:[email protected] Tehran, 4 5 6 2 Iran Tehran, 3 regions; thus, different methods are recommended to be used for the methods are recommended regions; thus, different 1 of Ahvaz. activities, soil aggregating resulting into a layer with slow permeability inactivities, soil aggregating resulting into The the identificationsoil. of the impermeable layer depth is complicated groundwater table such as tidalespecially in regions having a variable layer is found where the soil is poorly aggregated or exhibits a massivelayer is found where the soil is poorly structure. If it is permanently saturated as part of the soil profile organism prevent conditions where saturation coastlands and lowlands in the soil layer is considered as being impermeable or slowly permeable if itssoil layer is considered as being impermeable hydraulic conductivity is very small (one fifth to one tenth) as compared The impermeable upper layers. to the hydraulic conductivity of the The depth of the impermeable layer or the barrier in soil is one of the mostof the one soil is in layer or the barrier impermeable of the depth The of subsurface drainage systems;important parameters in the designing In practice, a not always easy. however the assessment of the layer is ABSTRACT 132 Abstracts of Papers KEY WORDS: cm. 200 to 150 of successive layerssothattheimpermeablelayerwasdeterminedinadepth in tests rate infiltration soil and conductivity hydraulic saturated layering, surface soil. The resultsofthepresentstudywerealmostsameforsoil soil also revealed a significant decrease at a depth of 150 cm as related to different in test infiltrometer ring a of layers., depths upper the of seventh one approximately is cm 150 about of depths in conductivity hydraulic experiments ofthesaturatedhydraulicconductivityindicatedthat the from results The layers. upper the to compared as seen was cm 160 increase insoilconsistencyanddiggingresistancethelayerof140to an there addition in table; groundwater the of fluctuation and tide the to were observedewhichinitselfcanbeattributedtoredoxconditionsdue mottles and color in change a is there also, cm; 150 to 120 of layer the in rate massive structure,withoutanyrootsorplantactivityandorganic matter infiltration and layer upper differences ofsuccessivelayers. The resultsshowedthatthesoilhada the of conductivity hydraulic weighted mean the of tenth one to fifth one strata, different in properties soil the threemethodsofestimatingdepthtoimpermeablelayers,i.e. Iran. Three siteswerechosenrandomlyinMinushahrtotestandcompare layer depthinthetidallandsofMinushahrKhuzestanprovince, impermeable the of identification of methods practical and main the from present studyistheinvestigationandcomparisonofresultsobtained accurate determinationoftheimpermeablelayerdepth. The aimofthe Infiltration Rate. Infiltration 13 th ICID InternationalDrainage ICID Workshop, Ahwaz, Iran,4-7March 2017 Impermeable Layer, Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity, Hydraulic Saturated Layer, Impermeable Topic 6 Abstracts of Papers 133 3 , Seyed Majid Mirlatifi , Seyed Majid Mirlatifi 2 , Alireza Hassanoghli 1,* DETERMINING AN APPROPRIATE SYNTHETIC APPROPRIATE DETERMINING AN FLOW (CASE STUDY: SHADEGAN, KHUZESTAN) SHADEGAN, (CASE STUDY: FLOW DIRECTION PERMEABILITY TEST AND CYCLIC TEST DIRECTION PERMEABILITY Azita Ramezani DRAINAGE WATER QUALITY BY MEANS OF ONE MEANS OF BY QUALITY WATER DRAINAGE ENVELOPE FOR A SALINE SOIL AND EVALUATING AND EVALUATING SALINE SOIL A ENVELOPE FOR ICID International Drainage Workshop, Ahwaz, Iran, 4-7 March 2017 4-7 March Iran, Ahwaz, Workshop, ICID Drainage International th Graduated student of Master Science Engineering in Irrigation and Graduated student of Master Science Associate professor in Irrigation and Drainage. Faculty of Agriculture of Tarbiat Tarbiat of Agriculture Faculty of Irrigation and Drainage. in Associate professor Associate Professor in Irrigation and Drainage. Agricultural Engineering Research Associate Professor in Irrigation and Drainage. 13 [email protected] 3 Iran. [email protected] Tehran, Modares University. Drainage. Faculty of Agriculture of Tarbiat Modares University. Tehran, Iran. Tehran, University. Modares Tarbiat of Agriculture of Faculty Drainage. * Corresponding author: [email protected] 2 Iran.Karaj, Organization. Extension and Education Research, Agricultural Institute, 1 days) and two hydraulic gradients (1 and 2.5). In conclusion, the average hydraulic conductivity of Iranian PP450 and PP700 and foreign PP450 0.13, and 0.21 m/day and the average respectively were measured as 0.11, gradient ratio were equal to 0.78, According 0.84, to and the 1.86 m/day. Shadegan drainage project (Khuzestan). In addition, salinity variationssalinity (Khuzestan). In addition, project drainage Shadegan most suitable envelope throughof drainage water were analyzed on the four cyclic flows (applying a flow for five days and pausing it for three synthetic envelope among the three prevalent PLM synthetic envelopes (Iranian PP450 and PP700 and foreign PP450) using a permeability test in accordance with ASTM D-5101 standard and the saline soil of the envelopes instead of mineral envelopes (sand and silt), subsurfaceenvelopes instead of mineral envelopes drainage systems benefit from environmental, economic has been made to select the most proper issues. In this research, an effort and technical The selection of an appropriate envelope drainage water from (filter)subsurface drainage systems andplay a significant management role of systems. By applying syntheticin the design and implementation of these ABSTRACT 134 Abstracts of Papers clogging, Permeameter, Drainage water, Shadegan. KEY WORDS: flow. the applying flow, cyclic the of the electricconductivityofdrainagewaterincreasedimmediatelyafter result a as opportunity dissolution more providing drainage watersalinitydecreasedduringotherdaysofthetest.By Furthermore, hours. 24 first the in occurred apparatus, permeameter the changes ofdrainagewatersalinity, duetothesoilvolumelimitationsin obtained fromsoil-IranianPP700envelopecombination,themain ratio. Inthestudyofdrainagewatersalinityvariationswhichhavebeen envelope duetolesserchangesofhydraulicconductivityandgradient permeability test,IranianPP700wasconsideredasthebestsynthetic 13 th ICID InternationalDrainage ICID Workshop, Ahwaz, Iran,4-7March 2017 Subsurface drainage, Synthetic envelope, Physical Subsurface drainage,Syntheticenvelope,Physical Topic 6 Abstracts of Papers 135 3 , O. Kharlamov 2,* , O. Babitska 1 D. Savchuk APPLICATION AND EFFICIENCY APPLICATION OF DIFFERENT DRAINAGE TYPES TYPES DRAINAGE DIFFERENT OF ON IRRIGATED LAND IN UKRAINE ON IRRIGATED ICID International Drainage Workshop, Ahwaz, Iran, 4-7 March 2017 4-7 March Iran, Ahwaz, Workshop, ICID Drainage International th Institute of Water Problems and Land Reclamation, Kyiv, Ukraine. *Corresponding Ukraine. Kyiv, Reclamation, Land and Problems Water of Institute Ukraine Problems and Land Reclamation, Kyiv, Water Institute of Institute of Water Problems and Land Reclamation, Kyiv, Ukraine Problems and Land Reclamation, Kyiv, Water Institute of 13 2 44. 30 118 (066) +380 Tel: [email protected], author: 3 but they do not insure the removal of surface water. but they do not insure the removal of surface 1 flooding. In recent years this village suffered the most from flooding. The flooding. from most the suffered village this years recent In flooding. consists of 20 wells of verticalexisting engineering system in the village and removal of ground water, drainage, which were made for the intake discreet working regime. Novaof village the for system drainage a for project the example, an As experience in the design,Mayachka was developed taking into account systems to solve the issues ofconstruction and operation of drainage During field investigations authorshave estimated a high efficiency and horizontal drainage systems andoperational reliability of gravity type itsto due systems drainage type vertical of modes working unstable 200 thousands of hectares of vertical type drainage systems have been200 thousands of hectares of vertical type types were built.in of different constructed. In addition, drainage systems more than 550 settlements, Different types of drainage systems are widely used to protect rural areas types of Different from flooding. More than 400 thousands of hectares of horizontal type in irrigated areas and more thandrainage systems have been constructed The processes of farming lands and settlement flooding are processes are accompanied with anThese spread in the south of Ukraine. very wide create a lot of harmful effects. increase in the ground water levels and thus ABSTRACT 136 Abstracts of Papers Correlation. KEY WORDS: the reduce flooding; drainage discharge andexpensesforelectricity topumpwaterout. of effects harmful the from level security village Such drainagesystemconstructionwillinsureanessentialincreaseof surface waterremovalinvicinityofthesettlement. use oftheexistingsystemverticaldrainageand system. The projectwasdevelopedtakingintoaccountthemaximum of drainagewatertoloweringwellsintheexistingvertical discharges closed and ponds artificial systems, drainage horizontal open removing surface and ground water by means of the constructing of new This systemhasrecentlyprovidedanumberofmeasuresaimedat 13 th ICID InternationalDrainage ICID Workshop, Ahwaz, Iran,4-7March 2017 Flooding, groundwater levels, Drainage systems, Efficiency, Topic 6 Abstracts of Papers 137 3 , Belgin Cakmak 2 4 , İsmail Taş Taş , İsmail 1,* Murat Tekiner Murat Tekiner GEOSTATISTICAL METHODS: GEOSTATISTICAL THE CASE OF MANISA SALIHLI MANISA THE CASE OF GROUNDWATER WITH MAPPING GROUNDWATER Yusuf Ersoyu Yildirim Yusuf ICID International Drainage Workshop, Ahwaz, Iran, 4-7 March 2017 4-7 March Iran, Ahwaz, Workshop, ICID Drainage International th Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Agriculture Faculty, Department of Agricultural Department of Agriculture Faculty, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Agriculture Faculty, Department of Agricultural Department of Agriculture Faculty, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, andStructures Agricultural Department of Agriculture Faculty, Ankara University, Ankara University, Agriculture Faculty, Department of Agricultural Structures Department of Faculty, Agriculture Ankara University, 13 Irrigation 06120 Diskapi Ankara Campus / Turkey 4 Turkey Campus Canakkale / Terzioglu Structures and Irrigation 17020 2 Turkey Campus Canakkale / Terzioglu Structures and Irrigation 17020 3 1 and Irrigation 06120 Diskapi Campus Ankara / [email protected], Turkey. *Corresponding author: Tel: +903125961769. geographical information systems (GIS) and geostatistical methods.geographical information systems (GIS) for groundwater levels andThen, spatial distribution maps were created geostatistical methods were compared. Current findings revealed that and 28° – 00’ 28° North 16’ latitudes of Gediz basin of Aegean region). which is the most critical month Measurements were made in September, levels were assessed throughfor groundwater levels. Groundwater opened in 9101 in a 2 ha net irrigation area under the jurisdiction of Salihliopened in 9101 in a 2 ha net irrigation area located within the boundaries of theAssociation Right Bank Irrigation Manisa province of Turkey (between 38° – 30’ 38° East 37’ Longitudes practices to minutes. Geostatistical methods are the most commonly usedpractices to minutes. Geostatistical methods in a short time. In the areas large methods for groundwater mapping over groundwater levels were measured using groundwater wells present study, Groundwater mapping using classical methods may take months andmonths take may methods classical using mapping Groundwater recently to be mapped. However, even years based on the size of the area consumed for such mappingdeveloped methods decreased the time ABSTRACT 138 Abstracts of Papers KEY WORDS: were monitoring and salinity recommended forthestudyarea. Leaching levels. efficiency irrigation high and systems drainage of operations efficient indicated levels Such deeper. or cm 150 were levels groundwater 2015, year the By 2003. in was closertoplantrootregionsandcreatedathreatforsensitiveplants groundwater levelsintheNorth Western sectionoftheirrigationdistrict 13 th ICID InternationalDrainage ICID Workshop, Ahwaz, Iran,4-7March 2017 Groundwater, Geostatistics, ManisaSalihli.

Abstracts of Papers

139 7 Organizing Committees Team International Review Authors Index • • • 140 Abstracts of Papers 13 Ms. Norouzi, Sahar | Management Company(IWRM), Iran Mr. Salamat, Alireza | University, Iran. Department of Water ScienceEngineering, Ahvaz Branch,Islamic Azad Dr. Zohrabi, Narges| of Working Group onSustainableDrainageofICID(WG-SDG),Iran Mr.| Azari,Ardavan of Executive Council of IRNCID, Iran Mr. Akram, Mojtaba | Power Authority (KWPA), Iran Development of Irrigation and Drainage Networks, Khuzestan Water and Mr. Khodabakhshi,HamidReza| Division, Khuzestan Water andPower Authority (KWPA), Iran Dr. Hassonizadeh,Houshang| of Jihad-E-Nasr Company, Iran Mr. Bashir Khabaz, Nader | Drainage ofICID(WG-SDG),Indonesia Dr. Imanudin,Momon| Drainage ofICID(WG-SDG),France Mr. Vincent, Bernard| Mr. Ehsani,Mehrzad| Khuzestan Water andPower Authority (KWPA), Iran Mr. Shamsaei,MohammadReza| Mr.| Assadollahi,Assadollah Resources ManagementCompany(IWRM),Iran Mr. Hajrasouliha,Mohammad| Mr.| Akbari,Alimorad Water and Wastewater Affairs andChairmanofIRNCID,Iran Mr. Meydani,Rahim(Chairman)| Steering Organizing Committees: th ICID InternationalDrainage ICID Workshop, Ahwaz, Iran,4-7March 2017 Committee: Executive SecretaryofIRNCID, Iran Scientific Secretary of the of Secretary Scientific Member and Workshop Head, International Affairs, Iran Water Resources Chairman of Scientific Committee and Member Member and Committee Scientific of Chairman DeputyMinisterofJihad Agriculture, Iran Secretary General,IRNCID,Iran Vice Chairof Working GrouponSustainable Chairman of Working GrouponSustainable Executive Deputy, Technical andEngineering Affairs Advisor totheMinisterofEnergy, Iran ExecutiveDirectorof Water Resources ManagingDirectorofIran Water ChairmanandManagingDirector,

Deputy Minister of Energy for DeputyMinisterofEnergy for Secretary, Deputy CEO, Planning and DeputyCEO,Planningand Assistant Professor, Committees Abstracts of Papers 141 Member of the Executive Council Member of Member of the Working Group on Working Member of the Professor, Faculty of Water Science Water Faculty of Professor, Executive Director, Water Resources Water Executive Director, Professor, Department of Irrigation and Professor, Professor, Department of Water Science Water Department of Professor, Vice Chair of Working Group on Sustainable Group Working Chair of Vice Chairman of Working Group on Sustainable Working Chairman of Vice President (Hon.) of ICID and Former Vice Head, Technical Office, Khuzestan Water and Secretary General, IRNCID, Iran Secretary General, IRNCID, Assistant Professor, Department of Water Science Water Department of Assistant Professor, Professor, Azad University,Tehran, Iran Azad University,Tehran, Professor, Professor, Faculty of Water Science Engineering, Water Faculty of Professor, Vice President (Hon.) of ICID and Chairman of the President (Hon.) of Vice (Hon.) of ICID and Professor (emeritus), Land and Committee: ICID International Drainage Workshop, Ahwaz, Iran, 4-7 March 2017 4-7 March Iran, Ahwaz, Workshop, ICID Drainage International th 13 Engineering, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran Azad University, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Engineering, Dr. Vlotman, Willem Vlotman, Willem | Dr. Australia Group on Drainage (WG-DRG), Working Chairman of | Zohrabi, Narges Dr. Asian Regional Working Group (ASRWG), Iran Group (ASRWG), Working Asian Regional Bernard | Vincent, Mr. Drainage of ICID (WG-SDG), France Dr. Schultz, Bart | Dr. Water Development, UNESCO-IHE, Deflt, Netherlands Shiati, Karim | Dr. Dr. Nasseri, Abedali | Nasseri, Dr. Ahvaz, Iran Shahid Chamran University of Pazira, Ebrahim | Dr. Dr. Mahjoubi, Arash | Mahjoubi, Dr. Iran Authority (KWPA), Power Dr. Liaghat, Abdolmajid | Liaghat, Dr. and Natural Resources,Agriculture Reclamation Engineering, College of Iran University, Tehran Drainage of ICID (WG-SDG), Indonesia Kashkuli, Heydarali | Dr. Ahvaz, Iran Azad University, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Engineering, Dr. Hassonizadeh, Houshang | Dr. Iran Authority (KWPA), and Power Water Division, Khuzestan Imanudin, Momon | Dr. Dr. Boroomand Nasab, Saeed | Nasab, Boroomand Dr. Iran Ahvaz, Chamran University of Engineering, Shahid Ehsani, Mehrzad | Mr. Mr. Azari, Ardavan (Secretary) | Mr. Group on Working of ICID (WG-SDG) and Sustainable Drainage IRNCID, Iran Drainage and Environment, Mr. Akram, Mojtaba (Chairman) | (Chairman) Akram, Mojtaba Mr. Environment, on Drainage and Group Working of the and Chairman Iran IRNCID, Scientific 142 Abstracts of Papers 13 Executive Committee: th Irrigation andDrainage(KRCID), Ahvaz, Iran Ms. Asieh Zarranezhad| Irrigation andDrainage(KRCID), Ahvaz, Iran Ms. Mansouri,Mahsa| and Power Authority (KWPA), Iran Ms. Khoramzadeh,Sara| Water andPower Authority (KWPA), Iran Ms. Adhami, Forough | Khuzestan Water andPower Authority (KWPA), Iran Mr. Eshaghi Bani,Mohammad| Authority (KWPA), Iran Mr. Alijani, Reza| Water andPower Authority (KWPA), Iran Mr. Sarkohaki, Afshin | Engineering, Ahvaz Branch,Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran Dr. Zohrabi,Narges| Power Authority (KWPA), Iran Mr. Esmaeili,Hamidreza | and Support,Khuzestan Water andPower Authority (KWPA), Iran Mr. Alam-Alhodaee, Mehran| Power Authority (KWPA), Iran Development of Irrigation and Drainage Networks, Khuzestan Water and Mr. Khodabakhshi,Hamidreza | Division, Khuzestan Water andPower Authority (KWPA), Iran Dr. Hassonizadeh,Hooshang| Khuzestan Water andPower Authority (KWPA), Iran Mr. Shamsaei,Mohammadreza | Committee onIrrigationand Drainage (KRCID), Ahvaz, Iran Mr. Pourya Aslanpour Kalbolandi| ICID InternationalDrainage ICID Workshop, Ahwaz, Iran,4-7March 2017 Public RelationManager, Khuzestan Water andPower Assistant Professor, Department of Water Science Manager, Departmentof theDirector, Khuzestan Secretary, KhuzestanRegionalCommitteeon Member of Khuzestan Regional Committee on MemberofKhuzestanRegionalCommitteeon GeneralServices Administrator, Khuzestan DeputyCEO,Planning,Khuzestan Water and Secretaryofthe13 Deputy CEO, Human Resources, Finance Deputy CEO,HumanResources,Finance ExecutiveDirectorof Water Resources General Engineering Management, GeneralEngineeringManagement, ChairmanandManagingDirector, Member of Khuzestan Regional MemberofKhuzestanRegional Deputy CEO, Planning and Deputy CEO,Planningand th IDW, Khuzestan Water Committees Abstracts of Papers 143 Senior Research Scientist, Department Professor, Department of Irrigation and Irrigation of Department Professor, Professor, Department of Water Engineering, Water Department of Professor, Associate Professor, Department of Irrigation Associate Professor, Assistant Professor, Department of Arid and Department of Assistant Professor, Agricultural Engineering Research InstituteAgricultural Engineering Associate Professor, Department of Irrigationof Department Associate Professor, Associate Agricultural Professor, Research, Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Department of Biosystems and Freelance Drainage Expert, Iran Khuzestan Water and Power Authority (KWPA), Iran (KWPA), Authority and Power Water Khuzestan Member of Working Group on Sustainable Drainage Working Member of ICID International Drainage Workshop, Ahwaz, Iran, 4-7 March 2017 4-7 March Iran, Ahwaz, Workshop, ICID Drainage International th International Review Team International Team Review 13 Dr. Bozorg-Haddad, Omid | Omid Bozorg-Haddad, Dr. and Natural Resources,Agriculture Reclamation Engineering, College of Iran University, Tehran Dr. Bazrafshan, Javad | Javad Bazrafshan, Dr. Agriculture and Natural of and Reclamation Engineering, College Iran University, Tehran Resources, Engineering Research Institute (AERI), Iran Engineering Research Institute (AERI), Azari, Ardavan | Mr. of IRNCID, Iran Group on Drainage Working of ICID (WG-SDG) and Resources Research and Education Center, Iran Resources Research and Education Center, Dr. Ashrafi, Shahram | Agricultural (AREEO), Education and Extension Organization Resources, Tehran University, Iran University, Tehran Resources, Asadi, Mohammad Esmaeil | Dr. Agricultural and Natural Research, Golestan Agricultural Engineering of Engineering, Michigan State University, USA Engineering, Michigan State University, Araghinejad, Shahab | Dr. Agriculture and Natural of and Reclamation Engineering, College College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Iran Tehran, University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, College of Akram, Mojtaba | Mr. | Sina Akram, Dr. Dr. Afkhami, Mehran | Dr. Ahmadaali, Khaled | Dr. Resources, Reclamation , Faculty of Natural Mountainous Regions Dr. Abedi Koupai, Jahangir | Koupai, Jahangir Abedi Dr. Iran Technology, University of Agriculture, Isfahan College of Dr. Abbasi, Fariborz | Abbasi, Dr. Education and Extension OrganizationAgricultural Research, (AERI), (AREEO), Karaj, Iran 144 Abstracts of Papers 13 Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, Netherlands Dr. Hassanizadeh,Majid| Department, SharekordUniversity, Iran Dr. Ghobadinia, Mahdi| Iran Department ofIrrigationandReclamationEngineering,University of Tehran, Dr. Ghahreman, Nozar | projects flood and irrigation in Dr. Emami, Kamran | IRNCID, Iran Resources ManagementCompany(IWRM)andSecretary General, Mr. Ehsani,Mehrzad| Mr. Eghbali,Masoud| Engineering, Universityof Tehran, Iran Dr. Ebrahimian,Hamed| Engineering, Facultyof Water andSoil,Universityof Zabol,Iran Dr. Delbari,Masoomeh| (AREEO), Iran (AERI), Agricultural Research,EducationandExtensionOrganization Drainage Engineering, Agricultural EngineeringResearchInstitute Dr. Dehghanisanij,Hossein| Engineering, FerdowsiUniversityofMashhad,Iran Dr. Davary, Kamran| Sari, Iran Department, Sari Agricultural SciencesandNaturalResourcesUniversity, Dr. Darzi-Naftchali, Abdullah | Australia (UniSA),Iran School ofNaturalandBuiltEnvironments(NBE),UniversitySouth Research Fellow, Centrefor Water Management andReuse(CWMR), Research andEducationOrganization ofIran (AREO)and Adjunct Watershed Management ResearchInstitute(SCWMRI), Agricultural Dr. Chavoshi,Sattar | Review TeamInternational th ICID InternationalDrainage ICID Workshop, Ahwaz, Iran,4-7March 2017 Chair,Task force on value engineering for saving Yekom ConsultingEngineers,Iran Professor, Department of Water Scienceand DirectorGeneral,CentralBasin,Iran Water Senior Researcher, Soil Conservationand Associate Professor, Departmentof Water ProfessorofHydrogeology, Department of Department of Irrigation and Reclamation DepartmentofIrrigationandReclamation Assistant Professor, Water Engineering Assistant Professorof Agrometeorology, Assistant Professor, Water Engineering Associate Professor, Irrigationand Review Team Abstracts of Papers 145 Associate Professor, Faculty of Associate Professor, Associate Professor, The University of Associate Professor, Assistant Professor, Water Engineering Water Assistant Professor, Professor, Department of Irrigation and Department of Professor, Professor, Department of Water Science Water Department of Professor, Professor, Shahrekord University, Iran Shahrekord University, Professor, Associate Professor, Agricultural EngineeringAgricultural Professor, Associate Associate Professor, Department of Irrigation Associate Professor, Associate Professor Department of Water Water Department of Associate Professor Assistant Professor, Department of Soil Science, Department Assistant Professor, Assistant Professor, Department of Water Water Department of Assistant Professor, Head, Technical Office, Khuzestan Water and Department of Water Resources Research, Water Water Research, Resources Water of Department Professor, Faculty of Water Science Engineering, Water Faculty of Professor, Member Board of Directors, Pandam Consulting Member Board of Directors, Pandam Retired Professor, Affiliate Member, McGill University, University, McGill Member, Affiliate Professor, Retired ICID International Drainage Workshop, Ahwaz, Iran, 4-7 March 2017 4-7 March Iran, Ahwaz, Workshop, ICID Drainage International th 13 Department, Zanjan University, Iran Department, Zanjan University, Mohammadi, Jahangard | Dr. Mahjoubi, Arash | Mahjoubi, Dr. Iran Authority (KWPA), Power Misaghi, Farhad | Dr. Engineers, Iran Ali | Madani, Dr. Canada (NSAC), Dalhousie University, Agriculture Faculty of Dr. Kaviani, Abbas | Kaviani, Dr. Engineering, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran Azad University, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Engineering, and Reclamation Engineering, University of Tehran, Iran Tehran, and Reclamation Engineering, University of Dr. Noshadi, Masoud | Dr. Iran Engineering, Shiraz University, | Parsinejad, Masoud Dr. Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Iran Shahid Chamran University of Niksokhan, Mohammad Hossein | Dr. Iran Tehran, Environment, University of Dr. Monem, Mohammad Javad | Dr. Iran Tehran, Modares, Tarbiat Abdeali | Nasseri, Dr. Reclamation Engineering, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, College of Reclamation Engineering, Iran University, Tehran Mr. Lotfi, Ahmad | Dr. Khorsandi, Farhad | Dr. Iran University, Azad Islamic Branch, Darab Abdolmajid | Liaghat, Dr. Engineering, Imam Khomeini International University, Iran Khomeini International University, Engineering, Imam Research Institute (WRI), Iran (WRI), Institute Research Kashkuli, HeydarAli | Dr. Research Institute (AERI), Agricultural Research, Education and Research, Education Agricultural Institute (AERI), Research (AREEO), Iran Organization Extension Neamat | Karimi, Dr. Dr. Hassanoghli, Alireza | Alireza Hassanoghli, Dr. 146 Abstracts of Papers 13 Engineering, Ahvaz Branch,Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran Dr. Zohrabi,Narges| (AREEO), Iran (AERI), Agricultural Research,EducationandExtensionOrganization Dr. Yargholi, Bahman| Water ResourcesandIrrigation, Vice presidentofICID,Egypt Regional Training Sectorfor Water ResourcesandIrrigation,Ministryof Dr. Wahba, Mohamed Abdelmoneim Shehata| Chairman of Working Groupon Drainage (WG-DRG), Australia Dr.| Vlotman, Willem and ExtensionOrganization (AREEO),Iran Engineering ResearchInstitute(AERI), Agricultural Research,Education Mr. Tajik, Fouad| Engineering, Imam Khomeini International University (IKIU), Iran Dr. SotoodehNia, Abbas | Mr. Siahi,MohammadKazem| Iran Dr. Siadat,Hamid| University, Qazvin,Iran Faculty ofEngineeringand Technology, ImamKhomeiniInternational Dr. Shokoohi, Alireza | Regional Working Group of ICID, Iran Dr. Shiati,Karim| Khuzestan Water andPower Authority (KWPA), Iran Dr. Shahbazi, Ali | Netherlands Deflt, UNESCO-IHE, Dr. Schultz,Bart| Dr. Riesbeck,Frank| Engineering, Collegeof Aburaihan, Universityof Tehran, Iran Dr. Rahimikhoob, Ali | Azad University, Tehran, Iran Dr. Pazira,Ebrahim| Review TeamInternational th ICID InternationalDrainage ICID Workshop, Ahwaz, Iran,4-7March 2017 Professor (Emeritus), Land and Water and Development, Land (Emeritus), Professor Headof Water andEnvironmentalModelingCenter, IrrigationandDrainageDepartment, Agricultural Retired Professor, Soiland Water ResearchInstitute, Professor, HumboldtUniversity, Germany Assistant Professor, Department of Water Science Vice President(Hon.)andChairmanof Asian Professor, Department of Irrigation and Drainage Professor, ScienceandResearchBranch,Islamic Vice President(Hon.)ofICIDandFormer Agricultural EngineeringResearchInstitute Professor, Water EngineeringDepartment, Associate Professor, Departmentof Water Pandam ConsultingEngineers,Iran Deputy Chairman, DeputyChairman, Authors Index Abstracts of Papers 147 - Gupta, R. K | 126 Hajishah, Mahmud | 105 Hansen, Sissel | 74 Hashemi Garmdareh, Seyyed Ebra 25 | him Hassan, Faiz Raza | 26 Hassan, Ghulam Zakir | 26 Hassanizadeh, Seyed Majid | 4 Alireza | 133 Hassanoghli, | 74 Torbjørn Haukås, Heggset, Sverre | 74 Gholamhosein | 18 Heidarpour, El Sayed Ismail, Ashraf | 69 El Sayed Ismail, Emami, Kamran | 3 Erdem, Ramazan | 52 85 A | A. Hafied. Gany. Ghadiri, Hossein | 39 Ghanbarian, Behzad | 45 Gharehmohammadloo, Hamidreza |90, 131 Ghasemi, Mahboobe | 18 Ghobadinia, Mahdi | 60 Gordon, Robert | 25 Guluyk. G, G | 119 Huseyin | 52 Gungor, Darzi-Naftchali, Abdullah | Abdullah 43, Darzi-Naftchali, 128 | 74 Deelstra, Johannes | 52 Veli Degirmenci, | 60 Ahmad Dehghan, | 78 Ahmad Doosti, Dörsch, Peter | 74 | 16 Victor Dukhovny, 103 Dupree, Simon | 101, | 124 Andre Dzikus, | 58, 99 Ebrahimian, Hamed ICID International Drainage Workshop, Ahwaz, Iran, 4-7 March 2017 4-7 March Iran, Ahwaz, Workshop, ICID Drainage International th 13 Darkoh, Michael B. K | 94 Chavoshi, Sattar | 122 | 87 Choic, Jin-Yong Dalilsafaee, Sepehr | 14, 21 Børresen, Trond | 74 Trond Børresen, Cakmak, Belgin | 137 Cetin, Oner | 52 Chanamai, Chawalit | 120 Biswas, Satchidananda | 56 Bondrik, I. G | 119 Boroomand Nasab, Saeed | 96 Bahçeci, İdris | 52, 117 Bahmaei, D | 28 Bigdeli, Zeinab | 50 Atlhopheng, Julius R | 94 Babitska, O | 135 Bae, Seungjong | 32 Ashraf, Negin | 73 115 Ashrafi, Shahram | Aswandi | 41 Alihouri, Majid | 13 M. H | 62 Amer, Ansari, Shahab | 67 Armanto, M. E | 89 Akram, Mojtaba | 3, 78, 115 Akram, Mojtaba | 3, Akram, Sina | 39 Jafar | 3 Al-e-Tayeb, Ahmed, Mufadal E. M | 83 Ahmed, Mufadal E. Obieda | 83 Abu Ahmed. B, Saleem | 26 Akhtar, Afshari, Mina | 130 Agrawal, R. K | 126 Saf | 107 Adang Ahmad, Abdillah, M. R | 41 Abdillah, | 34,67 Abedi Koupai, Jahangir Authors Index Authors 148 Abstracts of Papers 13 Author Index th Mirzaei, Farhad|73 Mirlatifi, SeyedMajid|133 | 34 Matinzadeh, Mohammad Mehdi Malekian, Raheleh|25 Mahjoubi, Arash |101,103,105 Madani, Ali |6,25 Liaghat, Abdolmajid |58,99 Lal, K|76 101, 103 Kkodabakhshi, Hamid Reza | Kim, Sorae|32 Kim, Soojin|32 Kim, Kyeung|46 Kim, Hyuntai|48 Khorsandi, Farhad|71 Khoramzadeh, Sara|30 Kharlamov, O|135 Khajeh Poor, Mehdi|30 Kenjabaev, Shavkat|16 Kauppinen, Elsi|92 Kashkuli, Heydar Ali |130 Karimi, Samaneh|54 Karimi, Habib|78 Karandish, Fatemeh|128 Javadzarin, Iman|90 Jang, Min-Won |32 Jang, JeongRyeol |46 Iskandar, I|41 Imanudin, MomonSodik|89 Hwang, Syewoon|32 Hosseini-zare, N|28 96 Hooshmand, Abdol Rahim |18, Hong, Eun-Mi|87 Hojati, Behzad|90,131 ICID InternationalDrainage ICID Workshop, Ahwaz, Iran,4-7March 2017 Pachepsky, Yakov A |87 Otieno, Pireh|124 Øpstad, Samson|74 Nusyirwan, Iwan|98 Nozari, Hamed|34 Noshadi, Masoud|54 | 14,21 Niksokhan, MohammadHossein Niknam, Ramin|131 Ngudiantoro |98,107 Nasrollahi, Ali Heydar|96 Naseri, Abd Ali |13,18,131 Nam, Won-Ho |87 Nacar, M.Sami|52 Nacar, Abdullah Suat|52,117 Myers, Baden|122 Mutambara, Solomon|94 Mostafazadeh-Fard, Behrouz | 67 Moshtaghi, Bahman|14,21 Mohammadzadeh, Rahim|131 Mohammadbeigi, Arash |73 Miseckaite, Otilija|20 Misaghi, Farhad|50 Rivedal, Synnøve|74 Ritzema, Henk|117 Riesbeck, Frank|101,103 Ramezani, Azita |133 Rahman, MdZillur|101,103 Rahimi, Amirreza |99 Ragab, Ragab|7 Rafienia, Amin|131 Qiulan, Zhang|4 Puustinen, Markku|92 Pourshahidi, Saeed|3 Phaowanich, Narin|120 Pezzaniti, David|122 Authors Index Abstracts of Papers 149 Yanko, Yuri G | 36 Yuri Yanko, | 137 Ersoyu Yusuf Yildirim, Seung-Hwan | 32, 87 Yoo, Bofu | 39 Yu, Amir Ebrahim| 131 Yussefpour, Zanjani, Masoud | 78 Zarshenas, Mohsen | 105 | 130 Zohrabi, Narges Tavakolian, Farokh | 90 Farokh Tavakolian, | 137 Murat Tekiner, | 117 Lui Topalhasan, 16 Gulomjon | Umirzakov, | 55 Ashutosh Upadhyaya, F | 10 Willem Vlotman, A | Alexander 20 Volchak, A. S | 62 M. Wahba, | 109 Shaoli Wang, 111 | Warsito Jarot | 107 Widiatmoko, Xu, Di | 109 Shavkat | 16 Yakubov, ICID International Drainage Workshop, Ahwaz, Iran, 4-7 March 2017 4-7 March Iran, Ahwaz, Workshop, ICID Drainage International th 13 Tas, Meral | 52 Tas, Tao, Yuan | 109 Yuan Tao, Ali Fuat | 117 Tari, İsmail | 137 Taş, Susanto, Robiyanto H | 41,89, 98, Susanto, Robiyanto 107, 111 Fouad | 117 Tajik, Soufiahmadi, Vorya | 60 Soufiahmadi, | 41 A Sudirman, Sumardi, Novia | 111 Song, Inhong | 46 Song, Jung Hun | 46 Abbas | 78 Sotoodehnia, Sotoodehnia, Saeid | 78 Singh, Gurbachan | 76 Singh, Kulwant | 124 Soltani, Masoud | 78 Sharma, Ashok. K | 122 Sharma, Shayannejad, Mohammad | 34 Šimůnek, Jiří | 128 Seong Kang, Moon |46 Shahinzadeh, N | 28 Majid | 105 Sharifipour, Schijven, Jack | 4 Schultz, Bart | 9 Amir | 58 Sedaghatdoost, Seo, Donguk | 48 Saleh, Edward | 111 Savchuk, D | 135 | 18 Masoud Sayedipour, Saeedi, Masoud | 50 Saha, Subrota | 56 Saleh, E | 41 Sadeghi, Behnam | 90 Sadeghi, Behnam | 4 Sadeghi, Gholamreza Adnan | 34 Sadeghi-Lari, Roy, Lal Bahadur | 55 Lal Bahadur Roy, Jeonyong | 48 Ryu,