Resettlement Plan

Project No.: 43150-022 May 2016

Tajikistan: Regional Power Transmission Project Kayrakkum – Sughd 220 kV Transmission Line

(Revised draft)

Prepared by: Barki Tojik for the Asian Development Bank (ADB)

This draft revised resettlement plan is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section of this website. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Abbreviations and Local Terms 2 Definition of Terms 4 Introduction to LARP 6 0. Executive Summary 8 1. Introduction and Description of Project and Line Corridor 11 2. Scope of Land Acquisition and Resettlement 18 3. Socio-Economic Profile 27 3.1 Tajikistan in General 26 3.2 Socio-Economic Situation in the Rayons 30 3.3 Results from Household Survey 32 4. Legal Framework and Compensation Policy 44 5. Gender Impact and Mitigation Measures 55 6. Information, Consultation and Disclosure Requirements 56 7. Grievance Mechanism 60 8. Institutional Framework 62 9. Resettlement/Compensation Budget 67 10. Implementation Schedule 75 11. Monitoring and Evaluation 77 12. References 78

Attachments A. Summary of the Implementation Manual 81 B. Results of Line Assessment with Photo Documentation 83 C. Government Decree 641 on Procedures for Compensation of Damages to Land Users and the Loss of Agricultural Production of 30th December 2011 86 D Draft Leaflet for Information of Affected Households 88 E Summary of DMS Results and Compensation Payments 90 F Household Questionnaire for Socio-Economic Survey 118 G Drawings of Kairakum and Sughd Substations 121 Picture 1 (title page) shows the scheduled line corridor crossing the agriculturally extensively used western parts of Bobojon Gafurov District near the Uzbek border.

Abbreviations

ADB Asian Development Bank AF Affected Family agric. agricultural AP Affected Person BT Barki Tojik CBO Community Based Organization CC Civil Code CADL Commission on Assessment of Damages and Losses DMS Detailed Measurement Survey SEMD Barki Tojik PMU Social and Environment Monitoring Department GRC Grievance Redress Committee IOL Inventory of losses IR Involuntary Resettlement ha hectare/s hh household/s HVTL High Voltage Transmission Line kg kilogram LA land acquisition LARP Land Acquisition and Resettlement Plan LC Land Code MEI Ministry of Energy and Industry NGO Non-Governmental Organization p.a. per year p.c. per person p.m. per month PAP Project Affected Persons PMU Project Management Unit of Barki Tojik ROW Right Of Way RT Republic of Tajikistan SEMD Barki Tojik PMU Social and Environment Monitoring Department SME Small and Medium-sized Enterprise/s t tower TJS Tajik Somoni (US$ 100 = TJS 626 in July 2015 and TJS 787 in February 2016) TL Transmission Line USD United States Dollars ZOI Zone of Influence

Local Terms aryk Irrigation channel Dekhan farm Farm under private management organized either individually, by a family or collectively Hukumat District Administration Jamoat Sub-District, Sub-District Administration Kolkhoz Soviet-era collective farm Land committee Responsible body of District for all land related questions Mahalla Village/neighbourhood Mahalla committee Board of mahalla organization (with all citizens in the mahalla area as members) Oblast Region Rais Chairperson (Tajik term, e.g. rais mahalla) Rayon District Sovkhoz Soviet-era state-owned farm

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Affected persons - Mean all the people affected by the project through land acquisition, (APs) relocation, or loss of incomes and include any person, household Also: Affected families (sometimes referred to as project affected family), firms, or public or (AFs) private institutions. APs therefore include; i) persons affected directly by the safety corridor, right-of-way, tower or pole foundations or construction work area; (ii) persons whose agricultural land or other

productive assets such as trees or crops are affected; (iii) persons whose businesses are affected and who might experience loss of income due to the project impact; (iv) persons who lose work/employment as a result of project impact; and (v) people who lose access to community resources/property as a result of the project.

Compensation - Means payment in cash or kind for an asset to be acquired or affected by a project at replacement cost at current market value.

Cut-off date - Means the date after which people will NOT be considered eligible for compensation i.e. they are not included in the list of APs as defined by the census. Normally, the cut-off date is the date of the detailed measurement survey. Detailed - Means the detailed inventory of losses that is completed after detailed Measurement Survey design and marking of project boundaries on the ground by the (DMS) contractor. Encroachers - Mean those people who move into the project area after the cut-off date and are therefore not eligible for compensation or other rehabilitation measures provided by the project. Entitlement - Means the range of measures comprising cash or compensation in kind, relocation cost, income rehabilitation assistance, transfer assistance, income substitution, and relocation which are due to /business restoration which are due to APs, depending on the type and degree nature of their losses, to restore their social and economic base. Inventory of Losses - Means the pre-appraisal inventory of assets as a preliminary record of (IOL) affected or lost assets. Land acquisition - Means the process whereby a person is compelled by a public agency to alienate all or part of the land s/he owns or possesses, to the ownership and possession of that agency, for public purposes, in return for compensation at replacement costs. Non-titled - Means those who have no recognizable rights or claims to the land that they are occupying and includes people using private or state land without permission, permit or grant i.e. those people without legal title to land and/or structures occupied or used by them. ADB’s policy explicitly states that such people cannot be denied compensation. Poor - Means those falling below the official national poverty line. Replacement cost - Means the method of valuing assets to replace the loss at current market value, or its nearest equivalent, and is the amount of cash or kind needed to replace an asset in its existing condition, without deduction of transaction costs or for any material salvaged. Replacement Cost - This refers to the process involved in determining replacement costs of Study affected assets based on empirical data. Sharecropper - Means the same as tenant cultivator or tenant farmer, and is a person

who cultivates land they do not own for an agreed proportion of the crop or harvest. Significant impact - Means 200 people or more will experience major impacts, which are defined as; (i) being physically displaced from housing, or (ii) losing ten per cent or more of their productive assets (income generating). Vulnerable - Means any people who might suffer disproportionately or face the risk of being marginalized from the effects of resettlement and includes: (i) female-headed households with dependents; (ii) disabled household heads; (iii) poor households (within the meaning given previously); (iv) landless; (v) elderly households with no means of support; (vi) households without security of tenure; (vii) ethnic minorities; and (viii) marginal farmers (with landholdings of five acres or less, which is not applicable in Tajikistan’s irrigated sector where land sizes are only one hectare on average).

INTRODUCTION TO LARP

In the focus of this report is the construction of 63.3 kilometres (km) of 220 kilovolt (kV) overhead transmission line between Sughd Substation (Spitamén District) and Kairakum 220 kV Substation (Bobojon Gafurov District) including construction of additional bays and rerouting of existing connections in both substations. The aim of the consultant’s assignment is hence to undertake a technical, financial, economic, environmental and social due diligence and to prepare a feasibility study to ensure ADB financing of the Project. Part of the social due diligence is a Land Acquisition and Resettlement Plan (LARP). To fit Asian Development Bank (ADB) requirements efforts have been made while elaborating this LARP to avoid/minimize as much as possible negative impacts. Non-agricultural government- owned land is used wherever possible. Where the high voltage transmission line (HVTL) has to traverse agricultural land, the shortest feasible crossing distance has been proposed. Built-up areas are avoided and resettlement of households can, most probably, be completely avoided. Initial line survey: For the identification of a suitable line corridor, Kalpataru Company (in March/April 2015) has made a preliminary line survey with the identification of a total of 57 corner towers between Sughd 500 kV substation and the last tower of the scheduled line which is also a corner tower of the 220 kV double circuit Kairakum-Asht line. Based on these preliminary tower location data, the socio-economic consultant of Fichtner visited the line corridor in April 2015, in June 2015, and, after some modifications in line routing, again in November 2015 and checked out whether the above mentioned criteria have been respected and if adaptations are required. Final line survey and Detailed Measurement Survey (DMS): During the further work in winter 2015/2016 in Sughd, Kalpataru Company also adapted the tower location data in order to reduce damages and adverse social impacts. End of 2015 a consolidated line scheme was elaborated with a more or less final number of 73 corner towers and a total of 170 towers. 74 towers will be constructed on agricultural land requiring compensation for the APs. Based on this line scheme the DMS was implemented with its results presented in this LARP and with a detailed summary of all figures for damages and compensation payment requirements in attachment E. The basic data for this draft LARP were collected during April and May 2015 amongst the Rayon Hukumats and the Jamoats concerned. The socio-economic situation of the affected population has also been studied by an exemplary household Survey (N = 100) in order to adapt the assessment of losses and compensation process to the local requirements and to identify vulnerable households amongst the affected households and/or persons to allow for additional support measures. During the Detailed Measurement Survey in late 2015/early 2016 the number of vulnerable households was also carefully reviewed. This LARP incorporates a significant modification compared with earlier LARPs, which has already been applied and successfully tested on the Khatlon and Sughd 220 kV line projects: It proved to be impossible for the regional and local stakeholders to implement the land acquisition and compensation process based on a detailed and sometimes intrinsic socio-economic analysis and policy framework paper. However, such a paper is definitively required for ADB and Barki Tojik.

Consequently, a separate “Implementation Manual” has been elaborated to facilitate the training of the relevant stakeholders. This manual provides all the most essential information from the LARP regarding its basic philosophy and demonstrates the procedure of land identification, valuation of losses and the implementation of the compensation including the grievance mechanism. The “Manual” could also be used for other HVTL projects requiring only little adaptation to the local conditions. In November 2015, this manual was presented to the concerned Hukumat representatives and members of the committees which are supposed to confirm (or modify) the assessment of losses and the amount to be paid to the APs as compensation payments. Already in May 2015, the environmental expert reviewed the scheduled line corridor without demanding changes. Accordingly, the socio-economic consultant was able to adopt all given coordinates for the Land Acquisition and Resettlement Plan. Result of the due diligence analysis is the conclusion that ADB and Barki Tojik criteria for minimizing local impacts by line construction are fully met by the selected line corridor and that no houses require demolition and no people have to be resettled.

Map 1: The project area in Sughd Oblast of Tajikistan. The HVTL corridor is starting at Sughd substation on the lower left side of the map (red line) and is entering Kairakum substation on the upper right side of map.

0. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Reference

The total length of the high voltage electricity line (HVEL) under survey between §§ 1-8 Sughd 500 kV substation in Spitamén District and Kairakum substation in Bobojon Gafurov District will be 63,320 m, with 18,670 m leading over partly intensively used agricultural land and 44,650 m crossing mainly (hilly) barren lands which currently are mainly used for pasture. According to the final survey results, the new 220 kV high voltage electricity line will have in total 73 corner towers with one tower used jointly with the newly built 220 kV double circuit line Kairakum-Asht near to Kairakum 220 kV substation. 97 suspension towers will also be required. 31 corner towers and 43 suspension towers will be constructed on agriculturally used areas. The Line starts at Sughd substation with AP 1 on barren land. For this Soviet-era substation only one 220 kV feeder extension will be rehabilitated in order to allow connection of the HVEL. The line ends near Kairakum 220 kV substation at tower 8 of the Kairakum-Asht HVEL, which is used commonly by both lines. The substation itself is under complete rehabilitation funded by ADB (both works within the substations are part of ADB Grant 0213-TAJ).

To fit ADB requirements efforts have been made while elaborating this LARP to §§ 10-13 avoid/minimize as much as possible negative impacts. Non-agricultural government-owned land is used wherever possible. Where the HVTL has to traverse agricultural land, the shortest feasible crossing distance has been proposed. Built-up areas are avoided and resettlement of households can, most probably, be completely avoided.

The number of affected families (AF) depends very much on the final design of the §§ 15-18 line routing. The DMS showed that altogether 93 farms will be affected. The number of AFs from individual and family farms is stated in the tables of the attachment. However, the final number of individuals who will get compensation payments depends on the decisions made by the general assembly of collective farms. We can only use assumptions for calculating the final number of AFs: If an average hh in Sughd uses between 0.5 and 2.0 ha of land it can be assumed that on one km of line crossing agricultural land, 10 farmers would be affected on average, or over 18.7 km a total of about 190 farmers. With damage caused by access to construction sites, another 30 hh will be affected, bringing the number of AF to 220 farmers. Such farmers are either individual farmers, family farm members or collective dekhan farm members. AFs with permanent losses for tower construction are to be included in this figure. However, compensation has to be paid to all affected families on an individual basis independently of the legal status of the farms.

2 Altogether, 206,600 m (= 20.6 ha) of land will be required for construction plus §§ 21-29 foundation of towers. Out of this, approx. 197,320 m2 (= 19.7 ha) is required on a seasonal basis for work-places and 8,743 m2 (= 0.87 ha) permanently (for footing of the towers). Out of this, during the stringing of the towers, an estimated strip of 18.7 km between the 31 corner and 43 suspension towers on cultivated landholdings will be used as an access road (4.0 m wide access road or 4,000 m2 per km) and thus impact temporarily for one cropping season; in total 197,320 m2. Out of this, for access to the construction sites it is estimated that on 30 sites short paths for access are required which are already included in this figure for temporary losses.

For all permanent losses land users will receive an allowance for lost land use §§ 112- rights based on the market value of the potential produce of the affected land x 5 116 years (for fruit bearing trees x 7 years). In addition, basic compensation of TJS 250 will be paid per tower to cover future inconvenience in land usage around the towers. For temporary losses, payment will be made according to the specific losses (either annual or perennial crops). All damage to channels, roads, bridges, etc. resulting from the construction work, will be repaid by the construction company. The full compensation of affected assets will be a condition for the initiation of civil works. The payment will be made and monitored by PMU.

This LARP has been prepared based on geographical conditions, settlement §§ 88-95 conditions, social impact assessment, a Detailed Measurement Survey with census and valuation, and in consultation with some of the possible AFs who have been informed about the Project and its likely impacts. Five larger official public meetings and a couple of informal meetings with residents in the Jamoats were organized in order to carry out focus group discussions with representatives of the affected farmers. Consultations were also carried out with individual households during the AF socio- economic survey, and with local leaders and officers at Jamoat and Hukamat levels. For a couple of farms affected by the line construction, the ownership status remains unclear even now. PMU has to look into details when it comes to compensation payments.

Negative gender impacts of the project are most unlikely. As in other comparable §§ 81-87 projects in Tajikistan and Sughd, the major concern of men is that temporary land acquisition could result in interrupting cropping and harvest, and issues related to receiving actual compensation for tower placements. Women did not express such concerns and supported the opinion that the project would have little if any adverse impact on them. The final engineering design and the identification of the land use right owners will §§ 123- show how many women-headed households would be amongst the affected 124 persons. Vulnerable hh (i.e. hh managed by a single woman, hh with only pensioners and/or only handicapped adult persons or any other hh without persons

able to work) will receive 25% additional compensation and, where required, support from the project. The same is true for hh for which permanent losses of land will exceed 10% of their land being currently used. The term “vulnerable (people) does not exist in Tajik terminology. Instead, the term, “needy family” is used for social aid support but not linked to resettlement. Care is taken to prevent grievances. This will be done through careful land §§ 98-99 acquisition design and implementation, by ensuring full AF-participation and consultation, and by establishing extensive communication and coordination between the community, the BT/PMU and the local governments. Complaints are sometimes unavoidable and a grievance mechanism has been adopted for the project to allow the opportunity to appeal against any disagreeable decision, practice or activity arising from the land acquisition and compensation process.

Funds for the implementation of the LARP are part of the overall project budget. §§ 110- The budget indicated in this LARP is based on a preliminary calculation of the 125 number and type of transmission towers to be constructed and on the estimated market price rates in 2015 of major crops grown in the areas traversed by the HVTL. The cost of LARP implementation will be finalized after the elaboration of the final engineering design by the contractor. The estimated cost of the compensation payments to the AF, including contingencies, monitoring and management costs during LARP implementation is estimated at TJS 350,992 (US$ 44,598) including 15% contingencies (TJS 41,620).

Box 0: Summary of Impacts Impact Category Magnitude of Impact Affected farms permanent losses for towers 74 Affected farmers temporary losses 220 Permanent loss of land 8,743 m2 Land area of temporarily impacted land 197,317 m2 (19.7 ha) 150 not yet fruit bearing trees/grapevines and Trees to be cut for tower foundations about 850 fruit bearing trees/grapevines Trees to be cut during tower work area and access road during stringing Some 120 (mainly poplars and mulberries) Vulnerable families affected Only 4 hh Losses more than 10% of existing land No hh affected Budget costs TJS 350,992 (US$ 44,598)

1. INTRODUCTION AND DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT AND LINE CORRIDOR

1.1 Background and Project Description 1. The government of Tajikistan requested the Asian Development Bank (ADB) for financial assistance to study the feasibility of the proposed Kairakum-Asht 220 kV single circuit electrical power transmission line being part of the Regional Power Transmission Project, Tajikistan (ADB Grant No. 0213-TAJ). The construction of a 220 kV high voltage transmission line from Kairakum to Sughd has been in planning for a long time. For this line four different line alternatives have been discussed: i. a line corridor remaining completely south of the Syr Darya river from Kairakum through densely populated and agriculturally intensively used lands to Sughd 500 kV substation: this line routing has been rejected as there was no corridor identified with a suitable ROW which would not require demolition of houses and severe social impacts; ii. a corridor starting on the northern banks of the Syr Darya river and after about 35 km turning southwards in order to follow alternative (i.): this alternative would also on its second part cross larger settlements with the same impact as alternative (i.); iii. a line corridor bypassing the mountain areas south of Khudjand and turning southwards only near to the Uzbek border where the line would cross the Syr Darya river and continue to Sughd substation: costs for this alternative would be much higher than the alternative (iv.) whereby land acquisition – mainly at the beginning of the line and on the southern part of the river – could not be avoided either, and, most recently added during the initial line survey by BT and Kalpataru at the beginning of preparation of this LARP, iv. a corridor crossing the Syr Darya from the double circuit Kairakum-Asht line following the existing 220 kV line mainly parallel to the northern side of the Syr Darya on the southern slopes of the mountain and crossing the Syr Darya River near to the Uzbek border in order to run southwards to Sughd substation. From the various alternatives, variant (iv.) has been selected, as it is the most suitable corridor with the lowest economic and social costs.

2. The total length of the line under survey between Sughd 500 kV substation in Spitamén District and Kairakum substation in Bobojon Gafurov District will be 63,320 m with 18,943 m leading over partly intensively used agricultural land and 44,577 m crossing mainly (hilly) barren lands which currently are mainly used for pasture. The estimates of the first draft LARP were based on Google Earth maps and differed from the accurate geodesic survey and the final corridor selection done during the Detailed Measurement Survey (DMS), which now shows accurate figures based on the assessment of losses. According to the preliminary survey results, the new 220 kV high voltage electricity line will have in total 73 corner towers, with one tower used jointly with the newly built 220 kV double circuit line

Kairakum-Asht near to Kairakum 220 kV substation. 93 suspension towers might also be required. 31 corner towers and 43 suspension towers will be constructed on agriculturally used areas. As in previous line projects the exact number of towers will be established only during construction works (changes e.g. may occur because of unexpected soil conditions). 3. The ratio of cultivated areas to barren lands during the line planning was initially relatively unfavourable at 47% to 49% and, taking the unclear land categories into consideration, could have resulted in 50% to 50%. This ratio was considerably worse than the ratio in earlier planned line corridors within the scope of the Regional Power Transmission Project (e.g. Geran-Rumi and Kairakum-Asht). Finally, as a result of more adapted planning, the affected areas could be substantially reduced to a ratio of only 29.6% to 70.1%. All alternatives initially proposed were far worse and would also be substantially more expensive.

4. Barki Tojik, ADB and the consultants have agreed on a preliminary alignment of the 50 m wide right-of-way (ROW) of the TL based on technical considerations and the need to avoid traversing human settlements and substantial areas of private landholdings. Experience from former LARPs show that the criterion not to demolish inhabited houses ranks very high, as any assessment of damages from shifting/demolishing houses and adjoining building and compensation payment is extremely complicated, costly, and bears quite a few imponderabilities. So it has been agreed by ADB and Barki Tojik that for the construction of any new high voltage electricity line at least no inhabited houses should be affected. This consideration has also been followed during the identification of the Kairakum-Sughd line corridor as presented in the data sheets of this report. Consequently, the preliminary TL alignment, and the alignment as provided in June 2015 and early 2016 upon which this LARP has been based, will require the lowest amount of land acquisition (LA) possible although, unfortunately, some intensively used areas are still required. However, the line construction will cause no displacement of people from their homes and sources of livelihood1.

Based on the requirements of the Laws of Tajikistan (cf. attachment D) and of ADB’s Involuntary Resettlement Policy as amended in ADB's Safeguard Policy Statement (2009) and Operations Manual (OM) Section F1/BP (2010), BT with support of the consultant prepared this LARP in order to assess and minimize the probable adverse social impacts of the Project. This LARP was delivered in July 2015, updated in March - May 2016 and may include further updates during and after construction.

5. The Line starts at Sughd substation with AP 1 on barren land. For this Soviet-era substation only one 220 kV feeder extension will be rehabilitated in order to allow connection of the HVEL. This work belongs to Lot 1 of ADB Grant 0213-TAJ agreement. Concerning the works at Sughd substation, no land acquisition and/or resettlement is required.

1 If no new houses will be built prior to the construction of the transmission line no buildings have to be demolished. Barki Tojik will inform the local authorities about the scheduled line corridor in order to avoid disposal of new construction permits within this area.

The line ends near Kairakum 220 kV substation at tower 8 of the Kairakum-Asht HVEL, which is used commonly by both lines. The substation itself is under complete rehabilitation, funded by ADB (Lot 2 of Grant 0213-TAJ agreement). As the Kairakum-Sughd HVEL line does not reach Kairakum substation itself within the frame of the project, also no land acquisition and/or resettlement is required. Drawings of both substations can be taken from attachment G. The line will cross larger agriculturally used areas mainly in the following places: i. considerable parts of the corridor between Sughd substation in the Southwest and the Syr Darya river in the North of Spitamén Rayon; an estimated 10 km, ii. after crossing the Syr Darya river and large barren lands, an area with extensively used agricultural land and recently established fruit tree plantations, about 4 km in Yova Jamoat of Bobojon Gafurov Rayon, iii. the intensively used land to the south-east of the Dodoboi Kholmatov Jamoat where the line again crosses the Syr Darya river and finally leads to the Kairakum substation. Here, again about 8.5 km of agricultural land will be affected, iv. some areas of agricultural land to be crossed are scattered in various places in Yova Jamoat (Bobojon Gafurov Rayon), with the actual usage (which also includes usage in the past) were accurately checked during the DMS. Not all areas under agricultural usage are actually affected as open spaces, channel areas and other public spaces will be used for access, work sites, and stringing. A detailed picture of the line corridor proposed and a couple of challenges on the route (with photographs) is provided in attachment A.

6. Regarding the administrative structure, the transmission line Kairakum - Sughd will concern three Rayons (districts) with five Jamoats (sub-districts): I. Ganchi Rayon (starting at Sughd substation in the west) with Jamoat Yahtan

II. Spitamén Rayon with Jamoats of Kurush/Kurkat Sarband/ Qushtegirmon III. Bobojon Gafurov Rayon (in the eastern sector around Kairakum) with Jamoats of Dodoboi Kholmatov Yova. In addition, the City of Khudjand is affected with regard to land acquisition by Barki Tojik for the construction of quite a few towers in this area. However, it is assumed that no private land acquisition is required and that no private land is affected.

7. The main adverse impacts to the local people are caused by the footing of approx. 74 of these TL towers (31 corner towers and 43 suspension towers), which will be constructed on productive lands. The remaining 97 TL towers (43 angle and 54 suspension) will be constructed on mountain areas, empty barren hills, road ROW, and wasteland and will not cause any direct social impact. However, based on Tajik legislation, the area taken for the TL towers on public lands may be compensated for too, based on an inter-governmental nominal price to the hukamat governments.

8. The final preliminary routing according to the state of planning in early April 2016 is as follows: From Sughd 500/220 kV substation the scheduled line corridor leaves the area to the north, bypassing the Rayon centre of Spitamén in the east. After about 2.2 km the line corridor turns northeast (at AP 5) in order – after about another 1.8 km leaving Spitamen to the southeast and after 5 km passing a scattered village at its western corner (AP 9-10) and, after another 1.5 km crossing the railroad between Khudjand and Tashkent – to reach the village of Sarband (formerly Qushtegirmon) (at AP 11-12). After crossing the railway W of Qushtegirmon village, the line continues north-north-east for about 1.4 km crossing the Syr Darya river at a distance of about one km east of the Uzbek-Tajik border. The position of the first tower on the northern side of the river has only recently been definitely confirmed, as here an old quarry required negotiations with its owners during the Detailed Measurement Survey.

From AP 16 – being the first tower on the northern side of the river – until the beginning of agriculturally used areas, about 8.4 km of the line cross barren, mainly hilly areas with some scattered traces of former irrigation facilities (but currently unused lands). About 1.1 km before reaching AP 23, irrigated fields start. Over the approximately 2 km until AP 24, irrigated fields alternate with lines of trees and (newly planted) trees mixed with crops, and barren lands. The land in this area belongs to Yova Jamoat of Bobojon Gafurov Rayon.

Pict. 2: Although there are remains of former irrigation facilities and some lines of trees along former water channels this land looks abandoned (for many years).

To reach AP 25 the line corridor has to continue in a north-easterly direction to AP 226 in order to bypass a large village ranging over a kilometre north-south that cannot be traversed, before

reaching AP 229 behind the village, 2,830 m of hilly barren lands and a currently (June) dry river bed have to be crossed. In order to cross the village, three corner towers have to be built. Avoiding the construction of towers in the mountains further north, a passage through the last houses of the villages has been identified between AP 27 and AP 28 (cf. attachment A). Crossing the northern part of the village the line runs first due east, then turns north-east in order to avoid crossing a mountainous area. Between AP 32 and AP 35 the line passes between a village to the south and the mountain area to the north. The line continues from AP 24 to AP 66 for about 33 km more or less exclusively on barren lands to reach AP 66. East of AP 48 to 50 the line corridor continues on the territory of Khudjand, bypassing the town in its northern outskirts. Altogether, until reaching AP 656 in the north-eastern parts of the city, about 13 km of mainly barren land, hills partially used as pastures, and areas that are partly misused as rubbish tips are crossed. In this segment of the line route there were some challenges, such as an area which until April 2015 looked unused (with masses of rubbish) but in June 2015 was already converted by a wall and shown to be the (legal) construction site of a brick factory. Here and in some other areas detours were required in order to avoid areas already allocated by the municipality to future usage. From the eastern side of the main road between AP 66 and AP 67, the territory of Bobojon Gafurov Rayon is reached across the land belonging to Dodoboi. The land in the area belongs to Yovon Jamoat of Bobojon Gafurov Rayon. Between AP 66-67 and AP 72 (being the last tower on the northern banks of the Syr Darya river), apart from about 500 m of barren land at the beginning and some public spaces, the line will cross only intensively used agricultural areas (about 8.5 km). The last part of the line between AP 72 and AP 73, which is also the double circuit tower of the Kairakum-Asht HVTL, consists of approx. 900 m of intensively used agricultural land on the southern side of the river and about 550 m of the river itself and its banks.

1.2 Basis for the LARP

9. This LARP is based on the results of the inventory of losses (IOL) conducted preliminary in June/July 2015 and finalized in early 2016 using the 50 m wide right-of-way (ROW) agreed upon by the IE and feasibility study consultants in earlier LARPs. The LARP was updated in March 2016 with regard to the sizes of permanent and temporary losses associated with carrying out the detailed measurement survey of all affected assets following project approval, the completion of detailed engineering design, and the demarcation of the TL alignment on the ground.

1.3 LARP-Related Project Implementation Conditions

10. To ensure that impact data are updated based on the final design and that AFs are fully compensated and/or rehabilitated before their land is taken for construction purposes, two basic project implementation conditions related to this LARP are provided as follows:

i. LARP implementation: Conditional to the update of the draft LARP based on detailed design, updated data on AF/AP and costs, to ADB and Government approval of the updated LARP, and to the mobilization of an independent monitoring agency; ii. Provision of no objection to the initiation of civil works in areas with impacts: Full delivery of the compensation/rehabilitation program detailed in this LARP based on proof provided by the compliance report of PMU’s M+E unit.

1.4 Measures to Minimize Resettlement and Land Acquisition

11. To fit ADB requirements efforts are made to avoid/minimize as much as possible negative impacts. The following measures have been adopted to minimize project impacts: i. Non-agricultural government-owned land is used wherever possible, ii. If the TL has to traverse agricultural land, the shortest feasible crossing distance is sought, iii. Where tower sitting allows it, suitable land is sought from a land user with a large plot to minimize the number of AFs and impact magnitude on any single AF. iv. Built-up areas are avoided.

These principles have been applied to a very large extent resulting in a substantial reduction of losses compared with the first draft.

1.5 Objectives of the LARP

12. The key objective of this LARP is to provide an effective, practical guideline to BT PMU and the Project Management Team to implement the land acquisition and compensation processes in a fashion fitting sound planning principle and the requirements of the current prevailing legal norms of Tajikistan and in compliance with ADB guidelines. The key tenets that will guide land acquisition (LA) for the Project are: (i) land acquisition will be avoided or at least minimized; (ii) compensation will ensure maintenance of pre-project living standards of APs; (iii) APs will be fully consulted/informed on compensation options; (iv) APs socio-cultural institutions will be supported/used; (v) LA procedures will equally apply to women and men; (vi) lack of formal title will not prevent compensation rights under the entitlements matrix; (vii) LA will be conceived and executed as an integral part of the Project and budgets for LA will be included in Project costs; (viii) impact to structures will be avoided at all costs; and

(ix) all LA and compensation payments will be completed and endorsed by ADB prior to the commencement of civil works in impacted areas.

Based on available information of the TL alignment prior to the final identification of individual plots required, this LARP has been prepared taking into account the general findings of field visits, socio- economic survey of households with possible landholdings inside the preliminary TL alignment, and consultation and meetings with stakeholders in the project area.

The LARP (i) identifies roughly the number of households with landholdings inside the preliminary TL alignment, (ii) estimates (in this updated version) detail the extent of losses based on the results of the DMS, (iii) identifies applicable principles and legal framework to compensate/rehabilitate the AFs, (iv) establishes the responsibilities and mechanisms for the implementation of the compensation/rehabilitation process; (v) provides relative schedules and costs, including estimated compensation and allowances of each AF; and monitoring responsibilities and tasks.

1.6 Cut-Off Date

13. In June 2015 all responsible Hukumat and Jamoat officials (especially the representatives of the land committee) were informed about the route of the preliminary line corridor (by map and photographs). In September 2015, implementation of the Detailed Measurement Survey (DMS) by the contractor started, which includes the exact position of all towers of the HVTL and the route of the electricity cables. DMS was completed in early February 2016. The start of the DMS is also the cut-off date for all construction works and changes in land use rights within the scheduled line corridor. At the beginning of the DMS, Barki Tojik has immediately communicated the line corridor coordinates to the concerned Hukumats (independently of the final agreement on the line routing). Any subsequent changes to the coordinates between the completion time of the DMS and the date of the agreement on the final line routing have again, as soon as possible, been communicated to the Hukumats.

2. SCOPE OF LAND ACQUISITION AND RESETTLEMENT 2.1 Census Survey

14. The survey mainly covers the two Rayons of Bobojon Gafurov and Spitamén. After it became evident that an initially scheduled route starting with towers to the east of Sughd substation proved impossible due to land ownership issues, it was necessary to schedule the first 5 towers on land which belongs to the Ganchi Rayon. However, all these five towers will be constructed on land which still belongs to collective farms, and no villages or houses are affected and damage is very limited (estimated at TJS 4,200). Bobojon Gafurov has total population of 346,306 individuals living in 59,350 hh (Rayon statistics 2015). The population of the Spitamén Rayon amounts to 128,850 persons in 17,761 hh. The following table shows the population of only those Jamoats of the two Rayons which will be affected by the new electricity line.

Table 2.1: Population of Rayons and Jamoats concerned*

Rayon Jamoat Population Households* Affected farms in Jamoat** Bobojon Gafurov 346,306 59,350 Dodoboi Kholmatov 13,286 2,350 66 Yova 43,440 7,521 47

Spitamén 128,850 17,761 Kurkat/Kurush 28,423 3,624 57 Qushtegirmon/ 8,051 1,160 17 Sarband Ganchi Yahtan 15,060 3,597 11 * Statistics provided by Rayon administration, 2015 ** includes those farmers with assigned plots in collective farms

15. First steps of LARP: With the aid of maps (scale of 1:100,000 and 1:25,000) showing the planned HVTL corridor based on “Google Earth” digital maps, together with the support of officials from the Hukumats and Jamoats concerned and available cadastral maps, roughly 350 households could be identified as having landholdings within the line corridor. In the LARP these households were referred to as project affected persons or families (AP/AF). June 30th, 2015, the date of completion of the census of AFs, at first marked the eligibility cut-off date under this draft LARP. However, it later became evident that the final cut-off date could only be linked to the start of the DMS in September 2015. Additional information from the Detailed Measurement Survey has been used for identifying the final AFs.

16. Preliminary Line Assessment: Prior to the final design of the line by the construction contractor it was not possible either (i.) to identify the final plots required for construction of towers and those pieces of land which would possibly be affected by the construction work and stringing or (ii.) to know which land owners would be affected by the selection of land and the works. At first, the following assumption was made (initial estimates in table 2.2):

Table 2.2: Basis Assumptions for Land Acquisition Initial estimates Adapted estimates Total length of HVTL: 63,180 m 63,320 Length of HVTL on agric. areas: 32,000 m 18,743 Required towers: 240 170 angle t.: 60 73 suspension t.: 120 97 Towers on agric. areas: 90 74 angle t. on agric. land 30 31 Suspension t. on agric. land: 90 43

If – as it was assumed during the first draft of the line corridor - roughly 120 towers were to be constructed on agricultural land (in quite a few cases even here some waste areas such as unused hills, abandoned channels and lanes, etc. would be used, thus avoiding damage to land and crops), the estimated 32 km of the route leading over agriculturally used areas might belong to 320 (or more) different land use right owners, as most individual dekhan farms do not exceed the average size of one hectare and members of collective farms would also have not more than one ha on average (32 km divided by 100 m as size of the average plot = 320 units either as individual farms or plots of collective farms). Taking into consideration sites for construction (approx. 90 sites, each 800 m2 on average, and some access lanes to the sites) under these assumptions approx. 22.8 hectares of land would have been required on a permanent or temporary basis that could easily belong to the total number of approx. 350 households or farm units (i.e. the 320 from the 32 km plus estimated 10% additional plots affected by construction sites). 17. Final draft LARP before construction: These figures of land requirements and affected persons decreased considerably when the line corridor was again and again changed in many places in order to avoid damage to buildings, and when the Detailed Measurement Survey was implemented other adjustments were also made. Currently, and subject to changes during construction works, the part of the line corridor which would affect agricultural land has been reduced to only 18.7 km (instead of an estimated 32 km). This resulted in a decrease in the number of affected farms to 93, with between 190 to 220 individual farmers or households (see adapted estimates in table 2.2 and more details in attachment E, where every affected farm unit is listed). The final number of affected farmers to be compensated depends on the decision of the general assemblies of those collective farms which so far have not distributed land for usage by its members. Here, the assemblies are free to choose between distributing the compensation payments in equal share to all members and investing the money in farm equipment.

The land required for temporary usage for construction purposes has been calculated during the DMS at 19.7 ha and the permanent losses at 0.87 ha.

18. Consequently, this LARP can now provide a consolidated picture regarding the size of all losses and the number of affected households or individuals, but not a final one. There is still quite a large number of collective farms in the line corridor where even the smallest changes in tower position could have impacts on the neighbours or the entirety of the collective.

2.2 General Description of Types of Impacts

19. Calculations for assessing the impacts of the transmission line towers are based on the standard suspension and angle point tower designs provided by Barki Tojik - i.e. foundation area of 132-289 m2 for each angle tower, and foundation area of 43-70 m2 for each of the suspension towers. Right of Way (ROW) for a 220 kV line in Tajikistan is defined by 25 m from the centre of the line towers to a building in use which will result in a line corridor of 50 m free of any used constructions. This means that if between inhabited houses or other buildings (e.g. schools, administrative buildings) space is less than 50 m no line can be constructed, or one of the buildings concerned has to be (partly) destroyed and damage fully compensated for under the regulations of Government Decree 515 on Procedures for Compensation of Damages to Land Users and the Loss Of Agricultural Production of 30th December 2000, and ADB Safeguards. Under the legal norms of Tajikistan, no agricultural or other land use activity is permitted under any erected transmission line tower2. Therefore, acquisition is permanent for the foundations of the towers. Towers in mountains/unused areas will require transfer of land from the local administration to Barki Tojik.

2.3 Impacts

20. The results of the initial calculation of the extent of land acquisition and the census of AFs are provided below.

i. Permanent land acquisition: 20. The estimated 31 angle towers on cultivated land, together with the estimated 43 suspension towers, will require the permanent acquisition of 8,743 m2 of farmland. In all, the total permanently affected land to be acquired by the project is less than 0.9 hectares. In very few cases more than one land owner is affected per tower. And there are also just a couple of cases where one farm unit has to provide space for two towers.

2 In reality, some exceptions are possible like the continuation of small irrigation channels between the footings of the towers.

According to the figures provided by the DMS, no farm will lose more than 10% in permanent losses of land. This statement is deduced from the figures provided in attachment E, and it is valid for the individual, family and collective dekhan farms.

Table 2.3: Area of Cropland to be Acquired Permanently

Estimated Number of Area Required per Total Area Required Kind of Tower Towers on Cultivated Land Tower (m2) (m 2) Angle tower 31 132 -289 5,498.99 Suspension tower 43 43-70 3,244,01 Total 74 8,743

ii. Crops affected by tower construction: 21. Crops grown at the towers’ foundation area will be compensated for by default regardless of whether or not the land user is able to harvest before the impact. Before the contractor identifies the final places for the towers we can only provide data regarding average yields and their values.

Table 2.4: Crops Affected on Permanently Acquired Land (yield figures and costs for seedlings are also used for the assessment of temporary losses3) Average yield (kg) Unit Rate (TJS) Cost of seedlings Crop/Perennial per cropping per per (TJS) ha kg (2016<)**** (2016)**** Barley 600 - 1,500 1.2 - Onion*** 29,100 1.0 - Lucerne*** 20,970 0.1 - Cotton 1,740 2.5 - Carrots 26800 1.5 Wheat 1,800 1.7 - 1.8 - Maize 4,050 167 - Lentils 860 4.0 - Rice 4,500 3.0 - Fruit-bearing apricot 10,500 1.5 8 Not yet product. apricot** 0 - 8 Grape** 8,000 2.5 3 Citrus** 4,000 5 25 * One hectare of farmland comprises an average of 300 apricot trees, and one hectare of vineyard would have an average of 1,650 grapevines. **When computing the compensation payments for AFs for permanent losses of usage rights of lands planted with young (not yet bearing) apricot trees and those planted with apricot seedlings, in order to avoid conflicts about assessment of losses, it is assumed that they would later have an average yield of 10,500 kg per hectare and per year. The same principle has been adopted for citrus and pomegranate plantations. There is no difference regarding assorted varieties. *** Compensation if witnesses confirm at least three crops during the last five years, otherwise payment is made only for lucerne. **** Adapted during DTM for 2015/16 market prices according to Rayon Agricultural Departments

3 For trees there is no difference between permanent and temporary losses as all trees have to be compensated for the entire period between replanting and full average productivity.

iii. Crops affected by temporary land occupation: 21. The construction of each of the 31 angle towers and 43 suspension towers would require a workspace of 800 m2 on average, inclusive of the area for the foundation (i.e. up to 225 m2 for angle tower and 100 m2 for the suspension tower). Altogether, approximately 131,396 m2 will be required for construction plus foundation. Out of this, about 122,653 m2 are required on a seasonal basis, as 8,743 out of the total m2 have already been considered and listed as permanent losses (see above).

Likewise, during the stringing of the towers, an estimated strip of 18.75 km 4 between the 74 towers on cultivated landholdings will be used as an access road (4.0 m wide access road or 4,000 m2 per km) and thus impact temporarily for one cropping season; in total 74,664 m2 or about 7.5 hectares5. These figures for farmlands affected by crop loss due to temporary occupation during the construction and stringing of the towers do not include some losses resulting from access of the machinery to the construction sites.

AFs will be compensated by default for crop losses based on the market value of crops at the time of land acquisition (cf. table 2.4; already adapted to 2015/16 market prices). This applies to crops that have already been planted at the time of construction/stringing, or to crops that the AP will not be able to plant due to the disturbance in his plot. The actual crop standing on the affected land has been determined during the DMS and compensation for the same has been calculated (cf. chapter 9). The most predominant sources of cash for farmers in the project area are wheat, vegetables, cotton, and some perennial trees and grapevines. 22. It takes seven years before an apricot tree and a citrus tree (mainly lemons) can bear fruit, and five years before the pomegranate becomes productive. One ha land (10,000 m2) can have an average of 300 fully-grown apricot trees, 400 citrus, and 625 pomegranates (the latter are almost lacking in the area)6.

Citrus bear fruits for some months during a year. It takes about seven years before a young citrus becomes productive. For citrus, which have an average distance of 5 m between rows of trees, it is unlikely that just one single row (20 trees) would be damaged by stringing (requiring a minimum access road of 4 m, which will be used by a heavy lorry). Accordingly, 2 rows would be stubbed and compensated for, i.e. 40 trees. In practice, there are very few (if any) citrus trees in the line corridor and we are expecting just single cases where trees have to be cut down.

4 Although the line corridor may intersect up to 20 km of agriculturally used land we accept this 18.75 km, as earlier LARPs show that existing access roads and barren land along irrigation channels de facto significantly reduce damage to crops and trees. 5 The access road to be used during the stringing of one tower to another is four meters wide. Damage might only occur to part of the paths. However, full payment for 4 m has been prescribed even if damage is less. 6 Our figures represent the average situation in Tajikistan. Numbers of trees per hectare can vary from area to area.

Pomegranate bear fruit once a year. It takes about five years before a young grape vine bears fruit. For pomegranate, which have an average distance of 4 m, the same situation as for citrus is assumed. Accordingly, two rows (each with 25 trees) or 50 trees would be stubbed and compensated for. As for citrus there are - so far - no pomegranate trees in the line corridor identified and we are expecting no cases where trees have to be cut down.

Grapevines bear fruit once a year. It takes about four years before a young grapevine bears fruit. In the project area, the vines are between already eight to ten years old and they bear fruit every year. A one ha farm can have as much as 1,650 vines (i.e. approximately 33 rows with each row having 50 vines (or approx. 41 rows with 41 vines each). In practice, a maximum of two rows with 82 to 100 vines will be damaged per 100 m of line route. The higher number of 50 is taken in order to be on the safe side. The field survey has shown, as for the other perennial crops, that few areas with grapevines will be affected. However, in Dodoboi Kholmatov there are some larger farms with grapevines. In 15 areas of these farmlands some smaller areas will be crossed by the HVTL.

Farmers who grow fodder plants like alfalfa (lucerne) are only able to plant one crop per year due to the scarcity of irrigation water.

While cotton also requires a full agricultural season, vegetables and melons (water and sugar/honey melons) can be grown after cereals so that the farmers would have an average of two crops per year.

23. Compensation for losses will only be paid if the construction works fall in the cropping season. If the work is carried out during winter fallow the construction company will only reconstitute the land with all its infrastructure or pay its value in cash. For the assessment of losses it is important whether the farmer has already planted/sowed or not. If the field has been planted (or sowed) full compensation will be paid. Results of the DMS and the work schedule for the civic works prove that construction may destroy a full harvest (whether already under crops or just seeded) so that full compensation will be paid for at least one season to all farmers along the HVTL.

As mentioned before, there are some areas where currently no crops are planted. However, informants stated in a couple of cases that such land has been used in earlier years when more irrigation water was available. It these cases the committee had to verify if the land was in use during the last five years or after providing the land title to individual, family or collective farms. In such cases compensation will be paid according to the criteria of the LARP if water was provided for at least two seasons during the last five years. In such cases full compensation will be paid for the five years. iv. Other losses: 24. Other impacts on fixed assets of the AFs might have been identified during the DMS. DMS results show that such losses are:

- concrete poles for vineyards (for 15 farms), - simple or barbed wires (rare), - simple wood or grid fences (rare), - irrigation channels, - drainage channels, - field paths, etc.

The final TL alignment will ensure that no structures will be affected and that no AF has to relocate as a result of the project.

v. Severity of impact on productive assets: 25. According to the information obtained locally the average land size per household (already registered or to be registered and to be furnished with certificates) is approx. one to two hectares. The consequence is that a farmer indeed could lose up to 3% of his land if a corner tower were to be placed on his registered plot. This amount is far from being a percentage which constitutes a danger for the economic viability of a farm. If it is also true that currently not all farmers have yet received their individual land certificate, initially it was assumed that perhaps compensation would be possible while furnishing them with additional land from the ground of the former Kolkhoz7. The talks with hakims and land committee representatives showed that this option was not feasible. Although each individual case was checked, all compensation payments will have to be made by cash transfer. This may be also be necessary for all further projects and LARPs.

2.4 Affected Families / Affected Persons Census

26. In order to understand the number of affected families or persons it is important to remember that a large part of the affected families are still organized in collective dekhan farms. Assessment of damages and valuation of compensation for damages on collective farms will be exactly the same as for private individual and family farms. However, currently collective farms may use different land management rules: (i.) in some farms each member has an individual plot of land which he cultivates. The man or the woman will get the same plot every year. In such cases damages from the line construction can be attributed to exactly one affected person; (ii.) in other collective farms its members do not work on an individual plot of land allocated to them in subsequent years, but work together with other farm members one day here and another day there. For these cases damages from line construction cannot be attributed to an individual AP but only to the entire farm community.

7 This proposed solution might be difficult as all land of the former Kolkhoz might have already been claimed by the former members. In Khatlon such lands do not exist any more; for Sughd, hakims also denied that there would be some land “free” for distribution.

According to the LARP principles, members of those farms under (ii.) where land has not been divided for annual usage will decide (by a general assembly meeting) whether compensation payment for losses will go to all farm members in equal shares or if the money will be used for investment to the benefit of the entire farm community. Therefore, we know only the number of AFs to be compensated from individual and family farms but not the final number of individuals which will share the compensation money. 18.7 km of the HVTL will be constructed mainly on agricultural lands. If the average hh land size in the project area per household is about one ha, ideally calculated, 190 hh will be affected by permanent or temporary losses for the construction of towers. However, the construction site for every tower (on average 800 m2) could belong to two or even more different farmers. So we know that for example the permanent losses would affect more than the members of the concerned 55 farms or 74 work sites. In contrast, it is very unlikely that damage from work near the towers – apart from the permanent loss and the loss from the construction site – would affect a third farm, so we retain the number of 100 hh (farmers from 74 sites plus 26 additional owners) affected by tower construction as the total number of people affected by this project component.

In addition, the access road to be used during the stringing of one tower to another with a width of four meters would affect some more people. Taking 18.75 km, again the land of an estimated 190 hh could be affected in theory. As the work sites and some access roads have already been taken into account (see next paragraph) we think that only about half of these hh (i.e. 90) should be added to the number of affected farmers, resulting again in a total of 190 AFs.

27. In total, the number of affected households will be 220. With one hectare as an average farm size, overlaps would be limited, so this number would also not decrease. As a reasonable number of collective dekhan farms remained until March 2016, negotiations with affected people were made with fewer households. Thus, in total 93 farm units have been identified. However, in any case compensation payment must be made to all affected families independently of the status of the farms, meaning that 220 affected hh is much more probable than the 93 “contract partners”.

Table 2.5: Number of Affected Households i.) Permanent losses for towers and work 100 camps ii.) Additional non-permanent losses for - work camps iii.) Non-permanent losses for access to 30 work camps iv.) Non-permanent losses for stringing 90 Total 220

2. 5 Relocation Issues

28. The line survey and with it this LARP aimed at respecting the Tajik (Soviet) provided Right of Way for a 220 kV line which is defined by 25 m from the centre of the line towers to a building in use which results in a line corridor of 50 m free of any used constructions. After several changes in the line routing this aim has finally been achieved: No inhabited houses or buildings, apart from currently only one stable, would be affected by the project. Therefore, relocation issues in the project are limited to a minimum or almost zero.

29. The DMS proved that only one hovel will be demolished and compensated for. However, any damage will be either eliminated by the contractor (channels, trails) or compensated for by the project (fences, poles for grapevines).

3. Socio-Economic Profile 3.1 Tajikistan in General8

30. The Central Asian Republic of Tajikistan is by far the poorest of the former Soviet states that gained independence after the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991. 24 years after independence, the country is still among the poorest in the world. Tajikistan is also judged to be highly vulnerable to risk, including food insecurity risks and climate change risks. By some vulnerability measures it is the most vulnerable among all 28 countries in the World Bank’s Europe and Central Asia Region – ECA (World Bank 2009). The rural population, with its relatively high incidence of poverty, is particularly vulnerable.

31. With a nominal GDP of an estimated US$ 1,115 Tajikistan ranks 189th on a list of 227 countries of the world - behind Yemen and before Mauritania and Lesotho. Considering the purchasing power parity, GDP per head would reach US$2,700. This is rank 193 of 230 listed countries. However, the adjustment index is much disputed as energy and basic food prices are almost the same as those in the industrialised countries. Because of the previously very good educational system and an excellent basic health service during Soviet times, with a Human Development Index (HDI) of 0.607 (1990: 0.610), Tajikistan still ranks 129 on the UNDP List (2014). Taking the income figures of the population, Tajikistan falls 27 ranks to place 156, which is almost the position of Kenya.

Table 3.1: The poverty reduction trend, 1999-2011 (Source: Living Standards Improving Strategy of Tajikistan, Dushanbe 2012)

8 This analysis is mainly taken from the LARP for the Ainy-Penjikent 220 kV line LARP with only a few updates.

32. The official poverty rate for 2013 is estimated at 39.6% after 38.3% in 2011, which is also of low credibility. The proportion of extremely poor in the population, based on a national basket of goods, was quoted at 21% (2010). However, Tajik and international NGOs in 2010 still believed that the real poverty rate for that year was more than 70%, and the proportion of extremely poor significantly higher than 30%. The real figures can be found somewhere in between; a result of a growing number of remittances from migrants for work between 2010 and 2013. However, the economic crisis in Russia has had a severe impact: by as early as June 2015, an estimated 200,000 migrants to Russia had lost their jobs there and had to come back to Tajikistan. With these 200,000 individuals, between 150,000 and 200,000 hh have also lost one of their most important sources of income. End of 2015 this number increased to about 300,000 individuals thus affecting about one quarter million households. Reduction in remittances was estimated for 2015 at 35% in US$ and about 65% in Russian Roubles.

33. The rural population are the most affected by poverty. However, urban pensioners, households mainly headed by women with small children, many younger families with four or more children as well as all people receiving social aid transfers from the state, are among the poor or extremely poor. Special social aid payments are extremely low, and the most relevant compensation programmes, agreed upon with the international donor community in order to compensate for raised tariffs for energy, are trickling away without reaching the poor. The drinking water supply in rural areas has broken down since independence and been interrupted as a result of the civil war, and at least 46% of the population are currently forced to take their water from improvised hand pumps or even streams and irrigation channels. Paradoxically, little development aid is spent in this sector. Health care–the third important sector of basic services which falls under the responsibility of the state–also suffers from neglect by the government. Neither maintenance of buildings, nor provision of qualified staff, medical equipment or medicines are guaranteed, while salaries of doctors and health nurses are amongst the lowest in the country.

Picts. 3 and 4: Abandoned ex-Soviet tractor and very old transformer (prone to breaking down) in a village in Tajikistan.

A certain amount of improvement has been achieved during recent years with regard to the electricity supply. After a catastrophic winter 2006-07, with almost no electricity available even in the large northern Tajik city of Khudjand, the commissioning of the Sangtuda I and II hydro power stations has improved the supply situation in a country with a continental climate, where most households depend on electricity for both cooking and heating. However, even in the winter of 2013-14 large rural areas of the Khatlon Province had no electricity supply during October and April.

As a high, mountainous country Tajikistan also suffers considerably from earthquakes, landslides (which in 1997 completely destroyed a village of 42 houses), and flooding, but as in the case of replacement of social infrastructure, the Tajik government leaves funding of aid measures for affected people, and most disaster prevention activities, to the international donor community.

34. The rural population in Tajikistan is highly agrarian, with about 50% of family income derived from agriculture. Tajikistan’s agriculture basically consists of two groups of producers: small household plots - the successors of Soviet “private agriculture” - and dekhan (or “peasant”) farms - new family farming structures that began to be created under relevant legislation passed after 1992 (Lerman / Sedik 2008). The household plots manage 20% of arable land and produce 65% of gross agricultural output (GAO). Dekhan farms manage 65% of arable land and produce close to 30% of GAO. The remaining 15% of arable land is held in agricultural enterprises - the rapidly shrinking sector of corporate farms that succeeded the Soviet Kolkhozes and Sovkhozes and today produces less than 10% of GAO (Lerman / Wolfgramm 2012).

Pictures 5 and 6: Drinking water in many villages has to be taken from remote water points; after rainfall, floods flow off through villages often causing damage.

35. The study implemented by Lerman and Wolfgramm in 2011 shows that more than half the family income derives from agriculture (sales and consumption of own farm products). Remittances are the second most important source, contributing 23% of total income. Wages from off-farm sources contribute 12%, and the remaining 10% is from pensions (5%) and non-agricultural

business activities (5%). It is estimated that income from the household plot (in cash and in kind) constitutes about one-quarter of family income (see also the hh survey results in chapter 3.3).

36. The study of Lerman and Wolfgramm also provides some insight into the role of women in the agricultural sector. For instance, more than one-third of the interviewed farmers report that women do not make any decisions on the farm. This percentage of women without decision-making power is particularly high on individual dekhan farms (56%) and strikingly low in corporate (collective) farms (18%), where the proportion of female heads is relatively high. The main areas where women make decisions are land use planning (what and when to sow) and sale of farm products. In these areas again individual farms have very low female participation, while corporate farms allow much higher participation of women in decision-making. Women make livestock decisions in 20% of all farms, but their share in farms that actually have livestock production is much higher (44% of livestock-producing farms). There seems to be a tangible link between women and livestock production in Tajikistan (Lerman / Wolfgramm 2012).

37. Gender is a growing issue in the country. Although the UNDP-Gender-Index is still 0.383 with rank 75 of 187 listed countries, conditions for women and girls are deteriorating. Violence against women and girls seems to be increasing and the educational situation of girls is deteriorating faster than that of boys. NGOs assume that less than 97% of girls but more than 99% of boys attend school (after 99.9% during the last years of the Soviet Union).

3.2 Socio-Economic Situation in the Project Rayons 3.2.1 Living Conditions, Land and Agriculture

38. The rural population of Bobojon Gafurov is mainly engaged in agriculture and cattle breeding and therefore vulnerable to unstable weather conditions, limited land resources and deteriorated infrastructure. For example, in early 2015 a sudden incursion of frost affected flowering fruit trees resulting in a very poor harvest of apricots in June of this year. Land is scarce if related to the population figures. For example, in Kurkat/Kurush with a population of 28,423 individuals there are only 3,564 hectares of land. Out of this land, only about 1,560 ha are irrigated and from this irrigated land 462 ha are (fruit) tree plantations, leaving roughly 1,100 ha for crops. The 2,000 ha of non-irrigated land depend on rain which allows for only one cropping season per year and the cultivation of only wheat and barley. Cotton and all types of vegetables, oil seeds, or alfalfa as an important source of animal fodder require regular irrigation and cannot be planted on rain fed lands.

39. Irrigation in Tajikistan does not depend mainly on the availability of water. Water from mountain rivers and the large streams such as the Syr Darya is available in large quantities. The challenge is to guarantee water lifting and water distribution, which requires electricity and the financial resources to pay for electricity and the maintenance of the irrigation infrastructure. However, there is neither enough money for the electricity bills nor for the operation and maintenance of the pumping stations and the large irrigation and drainage channel system. As a consequence, water is

limited and due to the poor condition of the irrigation systems only an estimated 30% of the available water reaches the fields. The consequence is that water reaches the farmlands late in the year and due to the scarcity of water supply parts of the Jamoat land has to be left uncultivated. This is also true for some areas which will be crossed by the scheduled Kairakum-Sughd line route. Nobody can definitely state that these lands will never be used again. But it is also impossible to confirm an early delivery of water in the next cropping season, or in the next agricultural year.

40. As far as we could obtain information, the land reform in Sughd has recently been pushed forward and large pieces of land distributed to the former Kolkhoz and Sovkhoz members. The way the land is distributed and why in different Jamoats there also exist different farm organization patterns remains unclear. For example, in Dodoboi Kholmatov there are only individual farms, with the exception of 24 units which are legal entities or remaining parts of state-owned farms. In Kurush/Kurkat almost all farms are based on units of between two and more than 10 members from one and the same family. In Taghoyak and Sarband/Qushtegirmon collective farms of less than 10 and up to 50 members dominate overwhelmingly. For the project and the land acquisition and compensation process the legal type of farm does not matter at all if the compensation goes to the right people i.e. those hh that lose a piece of land for tower construction or whose land will be damaged, and not those that represent a collective farm and are not individually affected.

Tab. 3.2: DISTRICT Farm Types Bobojon Gafurov Spitamén Ganchi JAMOAT JAMOAT JAMOAT FARM SETUP Dodoboi Kurush/Kurkat Taghoyak Sarband/ Yahtan Kholmatov Qushtegirmon Individual farms ±700* 19 5 4 nk Family farms * 116 - 5 nk Collective farms 24** **** 17 44 nk Total no. of farms ±724 135 22 53 nk * together with family farm; ** mainly companies+government; *** out of them 5 women; **** Jamoat land officer views family farms also as collective farms

3.2.2 Cultural Heritage Review

41. ADB safeguards refer to the protection of physical cultural resources which are movable or immovable objects, sites, structures, groups of structures, and natural features and landscapes that have archaeological, paleontological, historical, architectural, religious, aesthetic, or other cultural significance. Physical cultural resources may be located in urban or rural settings and may be above or below ground or under water. Their cultural interest may be at the local, provincial, national, or international level.

The line survey has shown that there are no known historical or cultural sites, graveyards, or other cultural resources according to this definition on the scheduled line route.

3.3 Results from Household Survey

42. In May 2015, for 100 households in the villages concerned between Kairakum (mainly Dodoboi Kholmatov Jamoat) and Sughd (mainly area of Kurkat/Kurush and Sarband/Qushtegirmon) additional interviews were made in order to provide a more specific socio-economic picture of this section of the scheduled HVTL. In addition, in-depth interviews were made with 10 hh regarding their individual economic conditions and another 10 hh concerning their energy supply and energy usage situation. The results of this survey provide some insight into the livelihood of the households from villages which the line route will cross or “stripe”. For the household survey a questionnaire was elaborated covering some basic information on the households concerned and the socio-economic situation of the families including the hh patterns, income, furnishing and facilities of the households, land usage rights, etc. According to the expected number of affected households per Jamoat concerned, 10 hh were selected in Kurush/Kurkat, 35 hh in Sarband/Qushtegirmon, and 55 hh in Dodoboi Kholmatov (incl. Yova). Sampling was made according the principle of starting at the beginning of a village and taking every fifth house for interview. If nobody could be contacted in the selected house the adjacent house was taken. For the in-depth interviews on economic questions and on energy, in each case two hh were selected in Kurush/Kurkat, four hh in Sarband/Qushtegirmon, and five hh in Dodoboi Kholmatov.

3.3.1 Civil Status of Household Heads

43. Most of the 100 hh heads interviewed were males (96% of persons). With the exception of one widower, the rest of the male household heads are living with their wives. The four female household heads are all widows. The average age of the head of hh interviewed is 54 years. Eight heads of hh are 70 years or older while 14 persons are 40 years or younger. The youngest hh head is 25 years old. Two heads of hh are handicapped and 34 consider themselves to be too old to work while the remaining 64 persons work although some of them are as old as a couple of those who consider themselves too old.

Table 3.3: Marital Status of hh Heads

Male hh Head Total hh Female hh Head Jamoat/Rayon Heads Unmarried Married Widower Divorced Married Widow Divorced Spitamen Kurkat/Kurush 7 2 1 10 Sarband/Qushtegirmon 1 34 35 Bobojon Gafurov Dodoboi Kholmatov 1 44 5 1 4 55 Total 2 85 7 2 0 4 0 100

3.3.2 Physical Condition of Household Heads

44. Two heads of hh are handicapped and 34 consider themselves to be too old to work while the remaining 64 persons work although some of them are as old as a couple of those who consider themselves too old. None of the female household heads has a physical disability and two are less than 58 years of age, the mandatory retirement age for women.

3.3.3 Ethnic and Religious Affiliation of the Household Heads

45. The figures from the hh survey more or less reflect the ethnic picture of the Sughd region and both Rayons concerned: 51 heads of households interviewed belong to the Uzbek group, and 49 are Tajiks. Three of the four female household heads are Uzbeks, one is Tajik. The Spitamén statistics of early 2015 indicate a share of 59.61% Tajiks in the Rayon but only 50.1% in Sarband while our sample shows only Uzbeks are overrepresented in the agricultural sector while Tajiks are stronger in commerce and other business sectors. All hh heads are Muslims, although this question has no longer been asked in communities where no Russians or other mainly Christian minorities exist. None of the households can be classified as a member of an Indigenous People group under the ADB Policy on Indigenous People. All Tajik or Uzbek hh are equally integrated into the national economy and mainstream multi-ethnic culture of the country as proved by the following paragraphs.

Table 3.4: Ethnic Affiliation of hh Heads by Gender

Male hh Head Female hh Head Total hh Head Jamoat/Rayon Tajik Uzbek Tajik Uzbek Spitamen - - - - Kurkat/Kurush - 10 10 Sarband/Qushtegirmon - 35 35 Bobojon Gafurov Dodoboi Kholmatov 48 3 1 3 55 Total 48 48 1 3 100

3.3.4 Educational Attainment of the Household Heads

46. The majority of the male household heads (76 persons) finished their secondary education level. 24 have university degrees, while nobody did not attend school at all. The four female household heads finished secondary education. There is no significant difference regarding the educational level between Tajiks (13 university degrees) and Uzbeks (112 university degrees).

Table 3.5: Educational Attainment of hh Head

Male hh Head Female hh Head Total hh Jamoat/Rayon Second. University None Second. University None Head Spitamen Kurkat/Kurush 6 4 - - - - 10 Sarband/Qushtegirmon 28 7 - - - - 35 Bobojon Gafurov Dodoboi Kholmatov 38 13 - 4 - -- Total 72 24 - 4 - -

3.3.5 Household Size

47. 528 persons are living in the 100 reference hhs with an average household size of approximately 5.3 persons. 48.7% of the household members are male. This corresponds with the average figures for the Rayons concerned where in general, as a consequence of male emigration for work, the percentage of the female population outnumbers the respective percentage of the male population. 24 of the hh interviewed have at least 10 members (up to 14) while 13 hh have only four or fewer members, the minimum being two persons.

3.3.6 Main Sources of Livelihood of the Households

48. A majority of 52 households interviewed earns their livelihood primarily from farming or considers farming as one of their most important sources of income9. Remittances from migrants ranks second (35 hh) while pensions third (23 hh) and self-employment ranks fourth (21 hh, not shown in the table). Only six hh consider employment by a private person/company as their most import source of income. Nobody lives primarily from social aid, although in interviews some people also refer to donations from neighbours “which helps us”. The four female household heads earn their livelihood primarily (mainly) from remittances of migrants (2) and government employment (2). Only one woman refers to private employment as an important source of income, a second to agricultural activities, and another to self-employment. Only one woman receives a pension (which in future would be the case also for at least two of the other women). The share of remittances from the general hh income remains unknown. However, 42 households have at least one migrant, while nine have two persons abroad and three hh have even three migrants. From the qualitative interviews we know that first the transmittances are very irregular and secondly that the average amount transferred or brought back does not exceed the amount of US$100 per month. Not all migrants are able at all to send or bring money. They earn as much as they pay for living and their ticket home. There were also cases reported where people had to stay in Russia without any means to travel back. On the other hand, a couple of migrants are also able to contribute substantially to the household expenses and some of the cars running in Sughd are bought and run by remittances. Currently some interviewed hh representatives complain that their sons or brothers (there are almost no women from rural areas amongst the migrants) have lost their jobs and are thinking to come back as soon as they can gain the means for the ticket.

Table 3.6: Primary Livelihood Activities of hh Heads

Male hh Heads Female hh Heads Work in Transfer Farming Work in Transfer Jamoat/Rayon Farming Governm. from Governm. from migrants migrants Spitamen Kurkat/Kurush 8 - 5 - - - Sarband/Qushtegirmon 5 11 15 - - Bobojon Gafurov Dodoboi Kholmatov 38 12 15 1 2 2 Total 51 23 35 2 2 2

9 In Tajikistan, according to most current data, the figure is 46.5% of the population working in the agricultural sector.

3.3.7 Productive Land of the Households

49. None of the interview partners has no land; which was expected in villages which belonged to former Kolkhozes or Sovkhozes. The main land category is the house garden, owned by 95 out of 100 hhs. In most cases this typically private land (since Soviet times) is limited to 200 to 400 sqm with a maximum of 1,000 sqm. However, this land is always irrigated and intensively used. While after 1989 many people grow wheat today this land is used mainly for vegetables, fruit trees, and some animal fodder. 32 hh said that they own presidential land with an average of 1,000 sqm per hh and 42 household representatives were able to provide figures about their total farm land which amounts in total to about 89 ha or 2.1 ha per household. In Kurkat and Sarband, most respondents still depend mainly on presidential land so that on average the land size within the sample is not more than 1.3 ha. 50. The land usage right situation in the project area is still absolutely unclear. Due to the ongoing land reform process these rights are in transition. While a couple of years ago mainly collective farms were promoted by the Rayon authorities with 50 members and more under the supervision of the former Kolkhoz brigadiers, currently the family farm with an average size of 10 hectares seems to best reflect the official policy. The principles of freedom to farm are in line with implementation of the agrarian reform. In practice this means that farmers are no longer pressed by the authorities to grow cotton and sell their products to a couple of monopolists but can freely choose among all those crops which are more or less suitable for the climate of Sughd and the irrigation conditions. Nevertheless, many farmers still follow directives which are still spread through unofficial channels and grow cotton, which currently covers between 30 and 40% of the area under irrigation (e.g. Sarband still 500 out of 850 ha, in Dodoboi Kholmatov less than 20%).

Farmers who grow cotton have only one (long) harvest, while winter wheat – which is harvested in May-June is always replaced by a second crop such as vegetables, oil seeds, various melons or maize. There is also the tendency to plant fruit trees in loose lines of such fields which will in future, after six or seven years, replace crops in favour of sole fruit tree plantations.

3.3.8 Income of the Households

51. Income figures from rapid household surveys can only provide a rough picture for the available income of the reference families. More exact data can only be generated by a sophisticated questionnaire with detailed queries. According to the figures provided by the representatives of the 100 reference households the average available income (without subsistence products which almost all hh have) is TJS 878 or USD 136. The four women headed hh on the one side have incomes below the average (TJS 500 and 750) and on the other side incomes considerable above the average (TJS 1,200 and 3,000). If income groups are clustered it is interesting to learn that only seven households have an income of less that TJS 400 which, in 2012 in Khatlon but also 2014 in Zerafshan, was much more

frequent. These people have to be considered as extremely poor. Amongst these households none is women headed, but all of them have only one source of income. 48 hh declared income of between TJS 400 and 800 (two are women headed) and 29 hh that their monthly income would be between TJS 800 and 1,200. 16 hh have more than TJS 1,200 as disposable income per month, two of them are female headed. Most hh of this group have diverse sources of income (up to three).

Table 3.7: Monthly Income of the Households (in TJS)

Male hh Heads Female hh Heads Jamoat/Rayon <400 =/<800 =/<1,200 =/>1,200 <400 =/<800 =/<1,200 =/>1,200 Spitamen Kurkat/Kurush - 5 2 2 Sarband/Qushtegirmon 5 19 9 2 Bobojon Gafurov Dodoboi Kholmatov 2 22 18 10 2 2 Total 7 46 29 14 - 2 - 2

3.3.9 Health and Sanitation

52. The public drinking water supply in the project area is extremely poor. There are only few public networks in operation. Only one hh has an in-house water connection and 32 hh have access to a (public?) supply from a standpost10. The majority (75 hh) refers to hand pumps (private and public), 27 take water from Aryks, 13 from a well. Two hh use water from a stream nearby and eight hh are used to buying water from vendors or bottled mineral water (at least from time to time). As there are double and even triple statements provided, the quality of the water supply depends on the number of statements related to piped systems. This means that only 32% of the hh may have access to safe water, which is even less than the already low average for rural areas in Tajikistan. Water from hand pumps in almost all cases cannot be considered as bacteriologically safe, as these pumps are only three to eight meters deep, which is not deep enough to reach safe aquifers. Many pumps are in close proximity to latrines and many are placed in or near an Aryk, which often also serves as drainage.

Table 3.8: Main Source of Water for Drinking and Washing

Buy from Jamoat/Rayon Standpost/Pump Canal Well Retailers Spitamen Kurkat/Kurush 10 8 - -

10 Standpost or tap does not automatically mean “safe water” as there are certain micro systems which pump water from an Aryk to standposts/taps.

Buy from Jamoat/Rayon Standpost/Pump Canal Well Retailers Sarband/Qushtegirmon 35 4 - 1 Bobojon Gafurov Dodoboi Kholmatov 30 15 8 12 Total 75 27 8 13

53. All but one household heads surveyed have a kind of “toilet” but only three have it in their homes, while 96 use a latrine in the garden. Most of these latrines are non-ventilated and non- improved pit latrines. Likewise, many of the hh heads surveyed (46) do not have bathrooms in their homes (this includes also “banjas”, simple bathrooms with a heating facility for water in the traditional “Russian style”). 51 hh own a traditional bath (banja) while three hh have a bathroom in their house.

Table 3.9: Toilet Facilities Used by the Households

Jamoat/Rayon Water Sealed Open Pit Spitamen Kurkat/Kurush - 10 Sarband/Qushtegirmon - 35 Bobojon Gafurov Dodoboi Kholmatov 3 51 Total 3 96

Table 3.10: Availability of Bathroom in the Households

Jamoat/Rayon Has Own Bathroom None Spitamen Kurkat/Kurush 3 7 Sarband/Qushtegirmon 8 27 Bobojon Gafurov Dodoboi Kholmatov 43 12 Total 54 46

54. Only 32 of the hh surveyed have access to an organized garbage collection by the local government, while another 62 burn or bury their garbage themselves (mainly just behind their house) while five throw it anywhere (often just into the nearest channel or an erosion gully).

Table 3.11: Garbage Disposal Used by the Households

Collected by Local Throw Garbage Jamoat/Rayon Burned / Buried by hh Government anywhere Spitamen Kurkat/Kurush 2 7 1 Sarband/Qushtegirmon 7 28 - Bobojon Gafurov Dodoboi Kholmatov 23 28 4 Total 32 62 5

3.3.10 Sources of Energy for Lighting and Cooking

55. All 100 hh surveyed use electricity for their lighting needs. With regard to energy for cooking, only 18 households use electricity regularly (only in Dodoboi Kholmatov Jamoat). For cooking, 94 hh also or mainly use firewood and 87 also or mainly use gas (bottled butane gas). 56. During winter, electricity supply is poor or very poor and only provided for several hours (results from focus group discussions). The supply hours are limited to eight or 10 hours per day. Blackouts are frequent and the electricity voltage is low (resulting in “red light in winter”). Although no representatives from the electricity provider or local government was present during the household survey, results from the 100 reference hh are astonishingly positive: supply in summer is generally viewed as good or at least fair but also winter supply is assessed by a majority of 60 respondents as fair while only 40 consider supply as poor. Compared with Khatlon and Zerafshan this is a high agreement rate.

Table 3.12: Main Source of Power/Fuel for Cooking

Jamoat/Rayon Lighting Cooking Electricity Wood Electricity Wood Gas Spitamen Kurkat/Kurush 10 - 0 10 10 Sarband/Qushtegirmon 35 - 0 34 27 Bobojon Gafurov Dodoboi Kholmatov 55 - 18 50 50 Total 100 0 18 94 87

Table 3.13: Assessment of Quality of Electricity Supply

Jamoat/Rayon Summer Winter good fair poor good fair poor Spitamen Kurkat/Kurush 9 1 0 0 4 6 Sarband/Qushtegirmon 30 5 0 0 24 11 Bobojon Gafurov Dodoboi Kholmatov 52 3 0 0 32 23 Total 91 9 0 0 60 40

Box 3.0: Energy Subsidies to the Poor The Tajik Government provides support/compensation payments to extremely poor households with regard to their energy costs. Subsidy money is paid for gas and electricity supply to those people officially registered poor (by the Jamoats). However, as currently no piped urban gas is provided (apart from bottled butane gas which people are obliged to purchase themselves) the aid payment goes entirely to electricity consumers. In 2014, the government aid amounted to TJS 17.826 million. During the period January to April 2015, TJS 4.936 million were disbursed. On average in 2014, 94,000 households benefited from energy subsidies. In 2015, so far about 50,000 households have been among the beneficiaries. For 2015, government aid was increased to TJS 18.516 million and the figure of 84,363 households benefiting from the programme has been provided by BT. Figures for 2016 are to be published in early April. Compensation payments cover the first 250 kWh consumed by the beneficiary households during the winter months and the first 150 kWh during the summer period. On average, each supported family received the amount of TJS 158 (2014).

3.3.11 Household Appliances

57. The survey shows a coverage of 100% in TV sets amongst the reference households. All extremely poor hh own such a TV set which, consequently, cannot be used as an indicator for poverty, even in rural areas of Tajikistan. 97 hh in the sample own a phone, most probably many of them a mobile phone in addition to or instead of a house (network) based phone. CD/DVD-players are also a very common household article with 91 of 100 hh, followed by refrigerators owned by 83 hh. Also, about half of all hh own an electrical stove (while almost all hh still have a “pitshka”, a Russian-style coal or wood stove which is used during the winter months). In contrast, the number of microwaves, computers and air conditioners is still relatively low.

Table 3.14: Household Appliances

Micro DVD/ Oven/ Jamoat/Rayon TV Phone Heater Ref Comp AC Wash. wave CD stove Spitamen Kurkat/Kurush 10 10 2 6 1 9 0 0 0 6 Sarband/Qushtegirmon 35 35 2 28 2 33 4 0 3 12 Bobojon Gafurov 30 Dodoboi Kholmatov 55 52 10 49 4 49 6 4 18 Total 100 97 14 83 7 91 10 4 21 48

3.3.12 Transportation

58. A bit less than half of all respondents (41) stated that they own a car, while one person owns a motorbike and another one a truck. However, it is not clear if the cars and the lorry are really private property of the respondents or if they do not belong to a still collective dekhan farm. With an income of between US$100 and 200 per month it is questionable how they could privately run a car. The absence of tractors reflects the average income situation much better as a tractor is essential for farming and the fact that none of the respondents owns a tractor is an indicator of the real economic situation of the households.

Table 3.15: “Ownership” of Means of Transport

Jamoat/Rayon Motorbike Car Truck Spitamen Kurkat/Kurush 4 Sarband/Qushtegirmon 11 1 Bobojon Gafurov Dodoboi Kholmatov 1 26 Total 1 42* 1

* One hh even has two cars

3.3.13 Housing Conditions of Respondents

59. One question regarding the socio-economic situation of the population in the affected areas is related to the housing conditions. 61 respondents stated that they were living in an average traditional house while 33 said that their house was modern and six even described their house as a bit luxurious.

Table 13.15: Housing conditions of Respondents

House is House is a bit Jamoat/Rayon House is modern traditional luxurious Spitamen Kurkat/Kurush 9 1 0 Sarband/Qushtegirmon 31 4 0 Bobojon Gafurov Dodoboi Kholmatov 21 28 6 Total 61 33 6

3.3.14 Overall Socio-Economic Self-Assessment of Household

60. Finally, in order to take subjective aspects into consideration too – which are important for the willingness of people to spend money on services – we made a self-assessment of the economic situation of the reference households. Five categories were provided (complying with the World Bank description of income quintiles for development countries): (i.) very poor (sometimes even not enough food available), (ii.) poor (no food and only few clothing problems), (iii.) lower middle (enough for food, clothes, basic healthcare, education, colour TV), (iv.) upper middle (enough money even for minor luxurious objects like small car, laptop/computer), and (v.) good (run a middle/upper class car and / or own good house). Table 13.16 shows the results of the self-classification by the respondents: Nobody considers his/her household as being very poor. Even those respondents with a hh income of less than TJS 400 do not think that they fall under this category. Again, only 10 respondents consider themselves being poor while on the other side just seven think that they belong to the upper middle income group and just two people assess their hh as well-to-do. Four fifths consider their household as falling under the lower-middle income group. This shows a much more optimistic view of the socio- economic conditions amongst rural households than provided by respondents during previous surveys in Khatlon (2009) and in Zerafshan (2014).

Table 13.16 Socio-Economic Self-Assessment of Reference Households

Jamoat/Rayon Very poor Poor Lower middle Upper middle Good

Spitamen

Kurkat/Kurush 0 4 5 1 o

Sarband/Qushtegirmon 0 2 33 0 o

Bobojon Gafurov

Dodoboi Kholmatov 0 4 43 6 2

Total 0 10 81 7 2

3.3.15. Survey Conclusions

61. The data from the survey show that the answers to the questionnaire provide a somewhat skewed picture of the socio-economic situation of the population in the project area. The incomes as stated by the respondents appear to be low (for at least those 53 hh with an income of less than TJS 800 p.m.) which indeed is a reality in rural areas of Tajikistan with, according to national statistics, about half of the population officially classified as poor or extremely poor. However, the number of household appliances and especially the number of means of transport provide a different idea regarding individual wealth. However, it should be assumed that some of the real disposable income of the hhs has not been recorded by the survey. The value of the peasant subsistence economy, especially, should not be neglected.

43 4. LEGAL FRAMEWORK AND COMPENSATION POLICY 4.1 Policy and Legal Framework for Land Acquisition and Resettlement

62. The policy framework for the Project is based on the ADB Involuntary Resettlement Policy (1995) as amended in the ADB's Safeguards Policy Update (2009) and Operations Manual (OM) Section F1/BP (2010), the Constitution of the Republic of Tajikistan, and the Land Code of the Republic of Tajikistan. Where differences exist between local law and ADB practices, the policy difference will be resolved in the favour of the latter. Regarding electricity safety Tajikistan still uses the Soviet (pre-1989) regulations. Consequently, for the ROW, a corridor of 50 m is required for a 220 kV HVEL. However, it must be emphasized that there are no current generally valid international norms for distances between inhabited houses, work places and high voltage electricity lines. Such norms only refer to security from electrical shocks, which is roughly 1 kV = 0.01 m distance, but this also depends on the height of the line and the conductivity of the air. This means that no conductible object should come nearer to the 220 kV line than 220 cm. All HVEL in the wider project area indeed maintain a minimum distance at least double this.

4.2 Tajikistan Constitution, Law and Regulation on Land Acquisition, Resettlement, and Compensation for Expropriation

63. The Constitution of the Republic of Tajikistan is the main legal document which guarantees citizens’ rights. Article 13 states “Land, bowels of the earth, water, airspace, animal and vegetable kingdoms, and other natural resources are owned by the state, and the state guarantees their effective use in the interests of the people”. Further, Article 12 states “The economy of Tajikistan is based on various forms of ownership. The state will guarantee freedom of economic activity, entrepreneurship, equality of rights, and the protection of all forms of ownership, including private ownership”.

Land should be used in the interests of the people. However, Article 2 of the Tajik Land Code (LC) states that “Land in the Republic of Tajikistan is an exclusive ownership of the state. Jamoats assign and confiscate land within their boundaries. They register land use titles and land-lease agreements and exert control over land use and land protection (§ 8).

However, land can be taken back by the state. The legal basis for state acquisition of private property for instance for public works is outlined in Article 32 of the Constitution which states “[…] The property of an individual is taken away only on the basis of the law, with the consent of the owner and to meet the requirements of the state and society, and with the state paying full compensation”.

64. Compensation for Land withdrawal and other impacts as a consequence of public interest projects are also regulated by other legislative acts governing land withdrawal, land allotment and

impact compensation to citizens such as the Land Code RT, the Civil Code RT (CC) and various normative legal acts (cf. Land Code, as amended by N 498 from December 12 (1997), N 746 from May 14 (1999), N 15 from May 12 (2001), N 23 from February 28 (2004), N 199 from July 28 (2006), N 357 from January 5 (2008), N 405 from June 18 (2008), N 704 from March 25 (2011), N 819 from April 16 (2012), and N 891 from August 1 (2012)).

Details are regulated by the Decree no. 641 of December 30, 2011) on “Statement of the Rule of Compensation of Damage to Land Users or Users of Other Registered Rights Associated with Land and Losses Connected with Withdrawel of Lands from Circulation/Usage”. Based on these laws and the decree the withdrawal/allotment of lands and resettlement is based on the following applicable principles:

a. Withdrawal of the owners’ land or those who maintain such a claim to the land for the state and public usage can be carried out only under the following conditions: - Allotment of equivalent land with the consent of the land owners, - Full compensation for other types of loss including lost profit in accordance with the legislation of Republic of Tajikistan (LC Article 41), - At termination of the rights of property, property will be assessed on the basis of its market value (CC Article 265, cf. Decree 641,4). b. Land user or user of other registered rights associated with land should be notified in writing about land withdrawal by local land management authority. c. If according to International agreements, which are recognized by the Republic of Tajikistan, other rules are established than those specified in the Land Code of the Republic of Tajikistan, the rules of international agreements will be accepted (LC Article 105).

65. The LC of 1997 is the core legal document with regards to land acquisition. It has been updated a few times since then, most recently in 2012. Article 2 of the LC states that there is no “private ownership of Land” and that “Land is an exclusive ownership of the State”, but the state guarantees its effective use in the interests of its citizens. In Articles 10-14, the LC outlines that land titles are provided to the citizens on a long-term and short-term basis and that land use rights can be inherited.

Article 10 states that the land users are individual and legal entities. Individual and legal entities can be primary and secondary land-users. Primary land users are legal and individual entities which exploit the land on unlimited, limited or lifelong inherited basis. The secondary land-users are legal and individual entities using land on the basis of rent agreement.

66. Article 24 of the LC describes the allocation of land for non-agricultural purposes and provides that when choosing a suitable location for such purposes mainly land not suitable for agricultural use should be favoured. The same principle is stressed by Article 29 of the LC which discourages the use of high-yielding agricultural lands for non-agricultural use. However, the same Article 29

also allows for the allocation and sequestering of agricultural land for “other very important State projects”.

67. Article 19 of the LC states the rights of primary land users, including clauses allowing a land use rights holder the “waiving voluntarily land plot” or “indemnifying for [compensating for] losses” as mentioned in Article 41 and 43 of the LC.

Most details concerning the regulations for damages to land users associated with losses from the withdrawl of lands from usage by the state are laid down in Decree 641 which also assets out the basis for compensation. Full reimbursement shall be provided for losses, including loss of profit, such as: a. All costs of registration of land use rights, b. Costs of real estate located on the land in view of fruit trees, berry, protective and other perennial plants, c. Costs of work in progress (ploughing, mineral fertilizers, seeds, etc.), d. The value of uncollected crops,

e. Costs caused by early termination of obligations under contracts, etc. (all § 7).

In the case of this Project this could be interpreted as compensation for permanent loss of land use and crops, and complying with c) and d) above, the need to compensate for temporary use of land and disturbance of cropping patterns for construction purposes.

69. Calculation of the compensation due for land acquisition is based on actual prices of equipment and materials as well as prices of assets and other works existing either at the moment of confiscation of a land plot and drafting of the report shall be applied (LC § 43). When calculating losses of agricultural production and forestry, the standard costs for bringing into cultivation virgin lands and improving them so that they reach the maximum level of production obtained on the sequestered lands shall be applied. Disputes about the amount of compensation for damages caused and losses of agricultural production and forestry shall be settled in court.

Decree 641 provides more details on the calculation of the compensation payments. Inter alia, § 8 refers to fruit-bearing trees any berry bushes, the costs of soil preparation, planting crops and taking care of them [e.g. weeding], the costs of purchasing seeds, etc. In § 10 the decree refers to disrupted waterworks, anti-erosion works etc. for which new facilities should be constructed or existing facilities maintained/repaired. In § 13, losses caused by the cessation of water sources (from wells, ponds) are quoted.

In the context of this LARP no demolishment of houses are scheduled although Decree 641 also refer to such issues (e.g. §§ 16, 19).

69. The guarantee of land users’ rights is further emphasised by the regulation that confiscation of land plots from natural persons for state and public needs can be made after: a. having assigned another equivalent land plot, b. having constructed on a new place of housing, industrial and other structures equivalent in their purpose instead of plots sequestered, in the established order, by enterprises, institutions and organizations for which the land plot was assigned, c. having paid full compensation for all other losses, including profit loss (according to LC and Decree 641.

Decree 641 describes in detail the procedure for determining losses of land and losses of agricultural production (chapter 5 §§ 27-31).The losses of agricultural land are determined by land committees with the participation of land users. In this context also the settlement of disputes is quoted (subject to court consideration).

70. Compensation for land, which belongs to the State and is allocated and essentially leased to users by the Hukumat, is divided on a 40 to 60 percent basis between the Hukumat, which in future will no longer receive any income from taxes and leases for that portion of the land, and the land user, who suffers a reduction in his/her income-generating asset. The compensation received by the Hukumat should be used for the management, construction and maintenance of local infrastructure. The land user also gets compensation for lost crops based on the average of the four years previous to the adverse impact.

4.3 ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statements

71. With respect to land acquisition and resettlement, ADB policy requires consideration of the following principles:

a. Involuntary resettlement is to be avoided or, if unavoidable, minimized through all viable options; b. The AF should be compensated and assisted, so that their economic and social future is generally as favourable as it would have been in the absence of the Project; c. The AF should be fully informed/consulted in resettlement and compensation options; d. Local socio/cultural institutions should be supported/used to the greatest extent possible; e. Lack of formal legal land title should not be a bar to compensation or rehabilitation; f. Compensation shall be provided to the AF at full replacement cost of the affected assets. Compensation rates for houses and other structures, and non-physical assets will be calculated at prevailing market rates for replacements without provision for deduction of depreciation;

g. Particular attention should be paid to AFs headed by women and other vulnerable groups, and appropriate assistance provided to help them improve their status; h. Land/other compensation/rehabilitation provisions will equally apply to women and men; i. Land acquisition and resettlement will be conceived and executed as an integral part of the project and related budgets will be included in project costs; j. Compensation will be fully provided prior to ground levelling and demolition.

72. As per ADB’s Safeguards Policy Statement, important elements of the resettlement policy are: (i) avoid and minimize land acquisition and resettlement impacts, (ii) compensate for lost assets at replacement cost; livelihood, and income restoration, (iii) assistance for relocation, including, if required, provision of relocation sites with appropriate facilities and services, and (iv) assistance for rehabilitation to achieve at least the same level of well-being with the project as without it1.

This will be achieved through the following measures: (i) the TL alignment will avoid human settlements, (ii) compensation for crop losses as a result of permanent loss of land use, and (iii) compensation for access and damage to crops and cropping season as a result of construction impacts.

4.4 Policy Differences and Reconciliation

73. A comparison of the above Tajikistan Land Code and ADB policies are summarized in the table below. Any difference between the Land Code of Tajikistan and ADB policy will be resolved in favour of the latter:

1 Rehabilitation measures include restoration of access to public facilities, infrastructure, and services; and to cultural property and common property resources. Measures to mitigate loss of access to cultural sites, public services, water resources, grazing, or forest resources include establishment of access to equivalent and culturally acceptable resources and income-earning opportunities. Such measures must be determined in consultation with affected communities, whose rights might not be formally recognized in national legislation. Where people are seriously affected by the loss of assets, incomes, and employment, compensation solely for lost assets may not be adequate to restore their economic and social base. Such people will be entitled to rehabilitation assistance measures for restoring incomes and living standards.

Table 4.1: Comparison of ADB Policy with Tajikistan Land Code ADB Tajikistan Reconciliation Provisions Policy Requirements Land Code Provisions The APs are to be informed and The LC does not provide any standards for In this project APs are consulted on consulted on resettlement and consultation. options. The LARP will be disclosed to compensation options. them in an adequate way.

The AF should be compensated The LC provides for compensation for This project will provide compensation and assisted, so that their losses of land rights, buildings, crops, trees for losses of land use rights and crop economic and social future would and other assets. However, it is not clear if losses. The other losses listed in be generally as favourable as it income losses (i.e. business losses) are column two do not apply to the project. would have been in the absence also to be compensated for. of the Project.

Compensation is to be provided at The LC mandates compensation at When land for land compensation is not replacement rates. replacement rates through the provision of technically feasible (as for this project) land for land. However, this is not to be the local administrations (or the project case if land is paid for in cash, as the implementing agency respectively) may replacement value (reproduction cost) of a pay cash compensation. This practice plot is shared on a 40 to 60% proportion will be adopted for this project. 100% between the local government and the land compensation will be provided to the user respectively. AFs based on production lost for five years.

Lack of formal legal title to the land Compensation is provided only to This issue is not relevant in the case of by some affected groups should not registered settlers/to owners of formal legal this project as there are no squatters be a bar to compensation or land use titles. affected. rehabilitation.

Besides compensation at The law provides for compensation for all In the project there will be no severely replacement cost for land, houses, losses but does not specify how business affected or relocated APs or business crops, trees and businesses ADB compensation is to be carried out. The law losses. The project will provide policy provides for rehabilitation does not provide for the ADB required allowances for vulnerable people in the allowances for severe impacts, allowances either. case that such people are identified by vulnerable APs and relocation. the final line design (i.e. by the contractor).

4.5. Principles and Policies for the Project

74. Given the assessment above, some provisions in the Land Code have been waived to make it compatible with the resettlement principles of ADB’s Policy on Involuntary Resettlement. For the reference of BT in preparing and subsequently updating and implementing this LARP the following project principles and policies are applicable:

a. The LARP is only applicable for losses of individuals or groups of individuals. Losses of governmental land will be handled directly between BT/PMU and the Districts concerned; b. Barki Tojik will guarantee the implementation of the compensation and rehabilitation framework detailed in the next section of this chapter;

c. Adverse impacts on AP/AF must be avoided or minimized as much as possible; d. If impacts are unavoidable, the AP’s/AF’s lost assets, livelihood or other resources will be fully compensated and/or people will be assisted so that they improve or are at least restored to their former economic and social conditions; e. Compensation will be provided at full replacement cost and free of transfer costs; f. In case of need (so far not applicable) the Hukumat Land Commission will facilitate changing of land-use certifications of AFs without charging fees; g. Information on the preparation/implementation of the LARP will be disclosed to the APs and people’s participation will be ensured in LARP planning and implementation stages; h. The updated LARP and its implementation must be approved by ADB and BT; i. Before taking possession of sequestered lands and the commencement of construction, full compensation will be paid in accordance with the provision described in the updated LARP. No land will be taken until the legitimate user is compensated or rehabilitated as provided in this LARP; j. Every effort will be made to minimize the time lag between notice of acquisition and payment of compensation; k. Provisions will be kept in the budget for those who will not be present or available at the time of the final engineering design. All changes of land titles until the last day of the submittal of the final engineering design will be respected; l. Although so far no cases could be identified, lack of formal legal land title is not a bar to compensation or rehabilitation; m. Particular attention shall be made in all activities related to resettlement planning, implementation, and monitoring to ensure the involvement of women and other vulnerable groups; n. At least one representative of project-affected families, one of whom should be representative of village women or vulnerable groups, will be invited to join the Commission for Valuation of Losses and Compensation; o. In case of need, a local consultative group (e.g. with Mahalla leaders and Jamoat representatives) will be established to support the AFs and resolve any conflicts that may arise during the compensation process. The groups will have access to and disseminate information about a set of procedures for lodging complaints and grievance resolution; p. If possible, members from the AFs will be given priority where local (unqualified or low- qualified) labour is required for the construction works. Where training is a necessary prerequisite to this work, suitable training will be provided by the contractor prior to construction works; q. Compensation measures will equally apply across gender lines and vulnerable groups, should any be identified;

r. AP consultation will continue during the updating and implementation of the LARP; s. The full compensation of affected assets will be a condition for the initiation of civil works.

75. All AFs/APs will be entitled to compensation for loss of land, crops/trees, and some small rural infrastructure (channels, walls, tendril equipment for grapes, etc.) at replacement value. No other impacts are envisaged. There will be no demolition of houses and no physical resettlement.

Payment of compensation can be made only to individuals and not to representatives of collectives (e.g. managers of collective dekhan farms). In the case that farmers belonging to one collective dekhan farm do not yet have land assignments with clear GPS based boundaries documented in the land register, every member of the collective dekhan farm will receive the same share of the compensation payment divided by the number of dekhan farm members.

4.6. Compensation and Rehabilitation Framework

76. Based on ADB policy requirements, prevailing Tajikistan policies, and the reconciliation mechanisms detailed above, the EA has established a compensation and rehabilitation policy framework for the project as discussed in the following paragraphs. Compared with the initial LARP of 2010, the framework below and compensation rates were adjusted during the LARP updating.

4.7 Compensation and Rehabilitation Eligibility

77. APs entitled to compensation or at least rehabilitation provisions under the Project are: a. All APs losing land irrespective of land right type and with or without formal land-use rights or traditional land-use rights; b. Tenants, whether registered or not (so far not applicable); c. Owners of buildings, crops, plants, or other objects attached to the land; and d. APs losing business, income, and salaries.

78. Compensation eligibility will not be limited by a cut-off date prior to the final engineering design by the contractor. All formal changes of land usage rights will be considered up to the presentation of this final design.

4.8 Compensation and Rehabilitation Entitlements

79. Entitlement provisions for APs losing land and income losses and rehabilitation subsidies include provisions for permanent and temporary land use losses, house and buildings losses, crops

and trees losses, a relocation subsidy, and a business loss allowance based on tax declarations and/or lump sums. These entitlements are detailed below:

a. Land permanently acquired: all land users will receive an allowance for lost land use rights based on the market value of the potential produce of the affected land x 5 years. What is meant by potential produce is the produce of the land based on the crop cultivated on it, disregarding whether the land was fallow or planted with young unproductive trees at the time of the survey. This formula is adopted in absence of active and official land markets, and it roughly reflects land replacement compensation standards elaborated in an internet article by the Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City in 2009 (www. kansascityfed.org/RegionalAffairs/ MainStreet/MSE_0609.pdf) or supported by anecdotal evidence known to the domestic Consultant in Tajikistan, both of which indicate that the market value of the land corresponds to the amount obtained by the formula used. If applicable, the land users will also have their lease agreement with the Hukumat updated at no cost to them to reflect the decreased land size and proportionate decrease in land fees and taxes. This compensation will be provided 100% to the AFs irrespective of the type of land right they hold.

b. Crops: Compensation for crops based on average market value over the year before construction at market rate. Crop compensation will be paid only if a crop has actually been lost, or if a crop will be lost due to the works. Where land was fallow at the time of construction, or if it will be fallow at the time of construction, compensation for a lost crop will not be paid.

c. Trees: Wood trees are valued based on wood volume x the market value of the tree's wood; Productive trees are valued differently depending on whether they bear fruit yet or not as follows:

o Fruit-bearing trees are valued based on type of tree and income lost (net annual income x number of years needed to re-grow the tree to a productive stage) plus cost of replacement saplings; o Not yet productive fruit trees are valued based on inputs x average age of trees and compensated for in cash.

d. Vulnerable family allowances: All vulnerable AFs (those below poverty level or headed by a woman) will receive one additional compensation payment for the crops in the affected plots to be set at 25% of the ascertained value. Currently, it is estimated that only 5% of all AFs belong to the group of vulnerable households.

4 .9 Project Entitlement Matrix

80. The entitlement matrix below summarizes the compensation and entitlements due to the AFs based on the likely impacts of the Project.

Table 4.2: Entitlements Matrix

Loss Type Entitled Persons Entitlements Implementation Issues

Permanent loss of Holder of land use certificate A compensation payment for losses of land Project may resurvey the land use rights from Hukumat, or the right use in cash equivalent to market value of plot and on request support government (i.e. presidential gross produce of the affected land multiplied issue of a new land land). Local government (for by 5 years. If there are 2 (or even 3) cropping certificate at no cost to the Rayon land fund), mosque for seasons per year this will be taken into AF. If currently unused land land holding Shaikh Muslihidin consideration. got at least irrigation water for two seasons during the last 5 years, full compensation will be paid. Crops As above Crops affected by the towers and by stringing Project will restore the land to or tower transport will be compensated by its pre-construction condition.

default at market rate.

Trees Owners of affected trees Fruit-bearing trees: Compensation in cash based on one year’s yield x the number of years needed to re-grow the tree at productive stage. Not yet productive fruit trees: Compensation in cash based on inputs x average age of trees. Seedlings: Based on seedlings cost plus inputs x 1 year. Wood trees: Cash compensation based on wood volume x market value of the wood Houses, adjoining Owners of construction All constructions: Cash Local costs, free of all buildings, etc. compensation for full replacement costs charges or other fees

Channels, bridges, Owners of infrastructure All damages will be redressed private access immediately after completion of construction roads, etc. works by construction company

Fences Owners of Cash compensation for full replacement costs Transitional APs facing permanent or No losses noted amongst APs allowance temporay business loss - Businesses APs facing loss of crops For compensation cf. “crops” (above) - Agricultural land

Transport/relocation APs to be relocated No such APs within frame of project allowance

Unanticipated Owners of land and Rehabilitation by construction Local costs, free of all company or cash compensation for full

Loss Type Entitled Persons Entitlements Implementation Issues impacts constructions replacement costs charges or other fees

Vulnerable households Affected household Additional cash allowance equal to market value of 25% of the gross produce of affected

land.

Permanent losses Affected household Additional cash allowance equal to market exceeding 10% of the value of 25% of the gross produce of affected total land per AF land x 5 years

5. GENDER IMPACT AND MITIGATION MEASURES

81. There are few recently made studies that could provide a detailed insight into gender issues relating to economic change during the last years. However, if we apply the results of an ADB study of 2000 on Women in Tajikistan to the current situation in the Sughd area we can see some deterioration, mainly of the economic role of women (employment and income). This is confirmed by the analysis of Colette Harris on “Gender Relations in Tajikistan” from 20042. In addition, the enrolment rate of girls in schools has suffered considerably. However, there is evidence, too, that in the pastoral environment of the areas, boys are also prevented from attending school during the summer season. Further analysis is required.

82. Due to the fact that the stabilization of the central electrical power network supports women and men in a more or less equal manner the project does not favour strategic gender needs and does not support changing the gender relations between women and men. As a consequence, it is assumed that the project according to the OECD/DAC gender categories has to be classified as gender neutral or G0).

83. The nature of the project, being construction of electrical power transmission towers, has construction nuisance/land acquisition as its only social impact, since the end product will not enhance or disrupt any community service. Both men and women were consulted, and the socio- economic survey data also include the collection of disaggregated data based on gender in the project areas in order to determine their views on project impacts.

Men’s major concern was as in previous LARP surveys for Khatlon and Sughd that temporary land acquisition may result in interrupting cropping and harvest, and may raise issues related to receiving actual compensation for tower placements (cf. next chapter).

Women did not express such concerns and supported the opinion that the project would have little if any impact on them. As the socio-economic survey has proved that there are very few women headed households we do not expect major problems if it comes to negotiations with affected women. Nevertheless, if women are affected, any support necessary will be provided by BT and BT PMU representatives.

2 Full title is: Control and Subversion. Gender Relations in Tajikistan. Pluto Press, London/Sterling 2004.

84. Both men and women expressed the desire to undertake project-related employment if the opportunity arose. Men in general were more aware of the rules of the Land Code and the Constitution. Men were also better connected to formal community networks through participation in village meetings and activities at the mosque. Therefore it is likely that without additional measures women will receive less information about the project. Again, as very few women will be affected directly there will be also no problems to treat such cases in an individual way.

85. During the socio-economic survey amongst some AFs, only four women were identified as household heads (because they were widows). Even while using the new methodology regarding individual land use right owners as affected persons the assessment process in the cases of Kairakum-Asht HVTL (2013) and the BT-ADB Khatlon project (2014) has proved that the number of affected women will remain limited even after the Detailed Measurement Survey; this also being the consequence of the marginal role which women are playing in decision making. This situation cannot be changed within the frame of this project. However, BT PMU representatives will look into each land title certificate, whether in the name of a woman or a man, with accurateness and compensate every woman verified.

Picture 7-8: Here the Soviet tradition to have women and men jointly in a focus group meeting has clearly been ruled out: men are sitting on one side with the chairperson while women are sitting behind the curtain.

86. The final engineering design and the identification of the land use right owners shows that just four women-headed households would be amongst the affected persons. Each affected woman will receive an additional 25% payment to the assessed and calculated compensation amount.

It is recognized as important that male and female AF members are kept informed on the land acquisition and compensation policies developed in this LARP. Therefore, measures have been built into the information dissemination programme to ensure that female APs and female-headed households are provided with project information, and that they will be included in discussion

groups concerning compensation and grievance redress. Male and female APs are equally likely to be literate.

87. Particular strategies to ensure gender mainstreaming of project activities include: a. Ensuring that each affected household has a copy of the project information leaflet for reference of entitlements rather than relying on dissemination via village or public meetings, which are more likely to be attended by men;

b. Additional copies of the project information leaflet being distributed to women’s organisations, Hukumat and Jamoat offices and other places where women gather. This ensures that there is a means of community-based support for informing and supporting female AF household members; c. The LARP providing for equal entitlements and provisions for men and women;

d. Contractor’s bid documents emphasising equal opportunity and equal pay regardless of gender; e. Additional provisions for livelihood enhancement being given to female-headed household with no support from other members of the family.

6. INFORMATION, CONSULTATION AND DISCLOSURE REQUIREMENTS 6.1 Consultation

88. This LARP has been prepared, in addition to the various technical and socio-economic survey and research steps, in consultation with some of the possible AFs who have been informed about the Project and its likely impacts (cf. table 6.1). Other stakeholders consulted during the preparation of the initial LARP and the updated version of the plan include: - Jamoat leaders (in Dodoboi Kholmatov Jamoat, Bobojon Gafuro Rayon; Kurush/Kurkat Jamoat, Taghoyak Jamoat, and Sarband/Qushtegirmon Jamoat of Spitamén Rayon, and Yahtan Jamoat in Ganchi Rayon), - Hukamat of Rayons in Spitamén, Bobojon Gafurov, and in Ganchi, - Sughd Oblast representatives (vice chairman of Oblast and secretariat of Oblast), - The city of Khudjand represented by its vice major, - Barki Tojik representatives of Kairakum. More meetings are held with Jamoat representatives and farmers of Yova Jamoat (Bobojon Gafurov Rayon) during the DMS in July 2015. In Ganchi, meetings were made during the DMS by PMU representatives.

89. Public meetings with APs: Five public meetings in the Jamoats were organized in order to carry out focus group discussions with representatives of the affected farmers. These meetings were organized by the Jamoats while the invited participants were APs with land in the provisional line corridor. Only five women participated in the meetings, all of them in Dodoboi Kholmatov with its huge number of private and family farms. In the other Jamoats with mainly collective farms no women showed up which also corresponds with the results of the households survey where only four out of 100 hh heads were female. The meetings started with a presentation of the project with its possible impacts on the farm title owners and their land followed by the explanation of the key principles of BT and ADB regarding assessment of losses and compensation. In detail the participants were also informed about the procedure of the Detailed Measurement Survey, the work of the Commission for Valuation of Losses and Compensation (CVLC) the payment process, monitoring and the grievance mechanism and further legal opportunities. 90. Meetings with household representatives: Consultations were also carried out with individual households during the AF socio-economic survey, and with local leaders and officers at Jamoat and Hukamat levels. The results have been included into the socio-economic analysis (cf. chapter 3.3). It is important to note that people do not object to the compensation process if all damages are paid for replacement costs prior to the start of civil works. People are also not afraid of construction works if promised procedures (careful access, limited worksites, stringing mainly by hand, etc.) are respected.

Tab. 6.1: Participants JAMOAT in meetings Dodoboi Kurush/Kurkat Taghoyak Sarband/ Total Kholmatov Qushtegirmon All types of farms 725 135 22 53 935 Participants in meeting 18 8 6 10 42

No cardinal objections were expressed regarding permanent losses either. However, in this context expectations regarding compensation are very clear: all damages should be compensated for, not only for sites which currently show crops. As the irrigation conditions depend strongly on the intervention of the state, and the Hukumat often fails to provide water for at least one or two cropping seasons in Sughd (in some areas also every second or third year only) some people are afraid that the value of the losses will not be fully compensated. This information has been taken up in this LARP and the benchmark period considerably extended. Expectations of the communities: Discussion with the APs showed explicitly that the electricity line is of no interest at all to the local population. Even if the overall target of the project is explained people are not convinced at all that they will profit from a stabilized public electricity network. Currently, in almost all villages of Sughd region there are long electricity cuts during winter (yearly between October and March or even longer) and no promises regarding improvements during recent years have resulted in a longer and better power supply. The only interest of the residents and APs is to get real compensation for all losses. This desire has been expressed in almost every meeting and all bilateral talks. Consultation during compensation process: Public meetings will be conducted during the payment of the compensation as assessed by the committee (see attachment E: “Summary of DMS Results and Compensation Payments”). During these meetings the grievance redress mechanism will be explained once more. Consultation requirements during civil works: During project implementation, consultation with AFs will be ensured through regular meetings to be organized by the project management unit (PMU) and BT field offices. These meetings will be used to tackle resettlement implementation problems and to undertake timely remedial actions. This will also serve as a forum by which the contractor may keep AFs informed of the construction schedule, allowing for crop harvesting and steps both the contractor and the AFs can take in order to reduce impacts of construction on the environment and directly on the family (e.g. noise and dust reduction etc.).

6.2 Resettlement and Relocation Options for AFs Losing Agricultural Lands

91. During the consultations the question was raised which compensation options exist. In theory, such options include cash compensation, land for land or a combination of both approaches. The results of the dialogue with our partners shows clearly that almost all prefer cash compensation for

withdrawal of the land use in accordance with its cultivation value. As the socio-economic survey at Jamoat level and of the interview partners themselves indicate, most AFs are viewed as “cash- poor”, thus cash compensation for crop loss is important. Talks with Hukumat representatives also show that the option land for land is very difficult to put into practice as in some Jamoats the ongoing land reform process has left no land reserve at all under the state disposal so that losses of land could not compensated for by land or at least not by land which would be situated near enough to serve the affected farmers in an efficient and sustainable way.

Pictures 9 and 10: Meetings with farmers and farm representatives in two of the four Jamoats concerned

6.3 Community Responses to the Project

92. There are no direct benefits for the affected households or communities along the TL route (cf. comments above). However, the project will stabilize the electricity supply of the entire Sughd area so that the concerned villages may also profit from the improvements. In the long-term the project will also support economic development (especially the SME sector in rural areas) and while contributing to energy efficiency it will keep electricity fees for the population at a reasonable low level. Given the immediate, potential impacts and benefits of the project, community response was understandably reserved. Those consulted generally accepted the necessity of the project. They also appreciated the efforts of the implementing agency to minimize adverse social impacts, which is not a common standard in the region. Relevant Hukumat and Jamoat officials initially were very reluctant to provide valuable assistance for the conducting of the base line data collection and the socio-economic survey. This may show that they did not understand the role of the project in improving the regional power supply situation. Only after intervention of BT PMU on the Oblast level did support increase and allow for a satisfactory implementation of the survey.

93. Focus group discussions showed that only few participants have some experience with involuntary resettlement and land acquisition measures. In Sarband, an electricity line (low voltage?) with poles was built but nobody informed the people in advance and no compensation was paid. In Kholmatov, a water pipeline was built and all people got compensation or damages were cleared away. In Taghoyak there was some work done with heavy machinery which passed through a piece of land but nobody took responsibility for its rehabilitation. In general, there were no fears raised regarding the project and the compensation process. However, some people requested the contact data of the consultant, commenting “you never know”. 94. There is still quite a lot of confusion regarding the question who the owners of the land – the persons which might claim compensation payments – are. In Kholmatov, there are only individual or family dekhan farms (apart from some commercial units) and people are more or less aware of to whom payment would go. In Kurush/Kurkat land has been distributed to the households only in 2014 and the participating farmers so far are not aware of who the recipients of compensation payments would be. In Taghoyak distribution of land was made some years earlier but again terms like farm managers and farm members are mixed and some participants speak about “my farm” and “I paid taxes” etc. In Sarband the meeting showed a similar situation but it was clear that everybody in collective farms should participate in compensation payments. Later on, during the DMS, it again became evident that the distribution of farm titles was quite a bit delayed and also poorly implemented. Although former Kholkhozes were already dissolved and land handed over to the people, in many cases there are still no documents available which prove these transfers. Some farm owners have got a preliminary decision of the Land Committee but no documents so far. Others can only show their applications, which is just the start of a formalized process but are already using the land with their household members. In such cases, for the compensation process, the land usage right is confirmed by the concerned Jamoat chairperson and agreed upon by the commission on compensation. For a couple of farms affected by the line construction, the ownership status remains unclear even now. PMU has to look into details when it comes to compensation payments.

95. Environmental problems are mainly related to “lack of water”, which means that the old irrigation systems that are interference-prone do not always provide enough water to irrigate the entire land of a farm and/or the Jamoat. Problems from construction works are not expected (also with regard to some increase in traffic on rural access roads). Some Jamoat leaders also mentioned that information about further action in the project context should be provided in due time.

6.4 Disclosure

96. Barki Tojik has prepared a project information leaflet in Tajik language. This leaflet was distributed to the possible AFs during the Detailed Measurement Survey following acceptance of this LARP by the project partners. The project information leaflet contains the following information: (i) a brief background of the Project, specifically the civil works to be undertaken and the adverse social impacts; (ii) preliminary estimates of land acquisition; (iii) project entitlements; (v) indicative schedule of resettlement activities; (vi) grievance redress mechanism; and (vii) contact persons for any queries. Also following LARP acceptance in 2015, a summary version of the draft LARP in Russian language was posted in Hukumat and Jamoat offices (i.e. the Operation Manual of attachment B). The draft LARP will also be uploaded on the ADB and Barki Tojik websites prior to project appraisal.

97. After approval by Barki Tojik and ADB, this revised version of the LARP will again be disclosed to the AFs and uploaded on the ADB and Barki Tojik websites. Barki Tojik regional staff will also distribute a revised version of the project information leaflet during civil works by the contractor. In addition, the projected Operation Manual provides a clear idea to all local stakeholders and especially to the affected households about the process of further identification and assessment of damages during construction works, and of the compensation and grievance redress mechanism.

7. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM 98. Great care is taken to prevent grievances. This has been done so far through careful land acquisition design and implementation, by ensuring full AF participation and consultation, and by establishing extensive communication and coordination between the community, the BT/PMU and the local governments. This notwithstanding, complaints are sometimes unavoidable and a grievance mechanism is being adopted for the project to allow the APs the opportunity to appeal against any disagreeable decision, practice or activity arising from the compensation/rehabilitation process. Efforts to make APs fully informed of their rights and of the procedures for addressing complaints continued during the further updating of the LARP and at the time of compensation payment, and will accompany the entire constructions works.

80. Complaints and grievances can be addressed through the following steps and actions (see Fig. 2): First Step: One joint Project Grievance Redress Committee for each of both concerned Hukumats (Ganchi has joined Spitamen for one committee as only four farms are affected in this Rayon) were established and have been operational during the DMS and payment process since late 2015. Each committee includes two members of the affected community (including APs and non-APs), one representative of each Jamoat concerned and one representative of each of the two Hukumat Land Councils, to be chaired by one of the two Hukumat representatives (to be agreed upon internally by the two Hukumats). Grievances must be heard and resolved within 14 days of submission of the complaint. Second Step: If the Project Level Grievance Redress Committee is not able to resolve the grievance within a 14-day period, the complaints should be presented via the BT Rayon representative to BT PMU at a central level. The elected representatives of the AF will have the opportunity to mediate by providing their written comments and proposals to the PMU. A final decision will be made by the Director of the PMU after the assessment of the case and a careful preparation of the decision by the PMU resettlement representative. Grievances must be heard and resolved within 7 days of submission of the complaint. Third Step: If no solution is reached within 14 days at BT PMU level, the APs can further submit their case to the appropriate court of law.

According to Tajik law, taking the case to court can be related only to the valuation of the losses and the determination of the level of compensation (payment). The question of the expropriation for the construction of a HVTL itself is not negotiable and a case in court cannot delay construction work.

99. While applying the Grievance Redress Mechanism, APs have been and are seeking support from the BT PMU resettlement representative who on his part might be assisted by the national and international consultants. The contact addresses/phone numbers are available at the level of each Jamoat concerned (see also information leaflet of attachment D).

Figure 2: Grievance Redress Process

AP HAS A GRIEVANCE

With Step 1: Project-level Grievance reference to Redress Committee deals with the LARP grievance of AP

Problem Yes STOP resolved?

With Step 2: Resolve problem directly reference to with BT PMU the LARP

Yes Problem STOP resolved?

With Step 3: AP has to apply to the court reference to (with assistance of project team) the LARP, the Tajik Land Code, etc.

8. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK

8.1 Institutional Arrangements

100. Ministry of Energy is responsible overall for further LARP updating, implementation and financing and will exercise its functions through the Project Management Unit (PMU) at BT. Within the PMU, LARP tasks are handled by the resettlement representative, BT’s Monitoring Department (formerly known as the Environment and Social Department - ESD), in consultation with concerned Hukumats and Jamoats, which will plan and manage all land acquisition, compensation and rehabilitation action detailed in this LARP. To carry out activities in the field the resettlement representative of the Monitoring Department will also liaise with BT’s Oblast (in Kairakum) and district offices and mobilize their personnel as needed. In the implementation of the compensation/rehabilitation programme at the local level, the Monitoring Department will also coordinate with the district (Hukamat) governments (mainly the Hukumat Land Committee), which have the ultimate authority on local land acquisition matters in consultation with the State Land Committee.

101. During project implementation, the project management consultants will include in their team an international and a local resettlement specialist. They will assist the Monitoring Department in updating, based on detailed design, and implementing the LARP. Due to the large number of about 220 AFs, the project organization for resettlement requires close cooperation between the PMU, the Rayon “Commissions on Assessment of Damages and Losses” and the local District Barki Tojik offices. The AFs will be represented in the process and at least one representative of this group will become a full member of the two Rayon-based Commissions for the Kairakum - Sughd project. Again, Ganchi will join the Commission of Spitamen and will be enlisted in the joint working group with at least the representative of Yahtan Jamoat.

102. BT, with assistance from the contractor (who is responsible for assessing the land plots required and, together with the Jamoats concerned, identifying the land usage title owners) and the Hukumat, will finalize agreements with the AFs on the compensation amounts due to them. Barki Tojik’s PMU will physically deliver compensation to the AFs through its Monitoring Department staff (if not transferred from BT Dushanbe directly to the bank accounts of the AFs). During civil works the contractor will ensure that the least possible adverse impact on land and crops will occur. He will return land used for worksites and stringing in a tidy condition and will do all repair work required on channels, bridges and access roads. If more land is required for construction, or if a tower is to be constructed on a new site for which no compensation has been paid so far, he will identify the land right owner and inform PMU’s M+E department which will respond immediately and implement the valuation of damages and compensation process as provided by this LARP. Hukumats support the contractor during the identification and compensation process of affected land owners. With the support of Hukumats, individual land owners or owners of individual land

usage right titles (where the land titles have already been assigned to individuals or members of family farms) are to be identified. For collective farms, the collectives of land usage right titles (adaptable where former state farm land has not yet been distributed or been distributed to groups of individuals not belonging to one family) are also to be identified. During civil works Hukumat will continue to provide, in case of disagreement, assistance to the APs, the contractor and BT’s PMU. In case of any changes of the line coordinates representatives of Hukumat will support identification of the APs and facilitate the valuation and compensation process. Jamoats are official stakeholders of the Project. Jamoat agents are supporting the contractor during all phases of the project. Jamoat leaders will also support the contact between all concerned parties in order to lessen any problem which may occur during civil works. If deemed necessary during LARP implementation, Community Based Organizations (CBOs) may be joined in the execution of the needed activities. Such support could be relevant if unexpected resettlement were still necessary or if vulnerable households require additional support. So far no requirement for CBO-support is visible. During project implementation, the project management consultants will include in their team an international and a local resettlement specialist. The project consultants will assist in updating and implementing the LARP, including the delivery of compensation/rehabilitation provisions. They will provide training to PMU staff regarding the LARP implementation. BT will monitor the timely payment of compensation and its proper documentation and will not approve construction commencement until compensation is completed and land area is appropriately “vacated” or compensated for. An account of this process, including amounts disbursed and verification of receipt by APs, will be an integral part of the PMU’s internal monitoring report.

Table 8.1: Institutional Framework at a Glance Ministry of Energy The Ministry of Energy has overall responsibility for LARP preparation, updating, implementation and financing and exercises its functions via the Project Management Unit (PMU) at Barki Tojik. The ME will report to ADB monthly. Project At the PMU, LARP implementation tasks will be handled by BT-PMU Management Unit Monitoring Department. PMU cooperates with BT district offices and with the (PMU) District governments (Hukumat) and the local administration Jamoat in the implementation of the LARP at the local level. The PMU will internally monitor and report about LARP implementation BT and ME. Contractor The contractor carries out the land acquisition prior to construction and in full accordance with the LARP. During civil works the contractor will ensure that the least possible adverse impact on land and crops will occur. If more land is required for construction or if a tower is to be constructed on a new site the contractor will identify the land right owner and inform PMU’s M+E department in order to implement the valuation and compensation process for the plot required. Hukumat of Rayon Hukumat supports the contractor during the identification and compensation

process of affected land owners. During civil works Hukumat will continue to provide, in any case of disagreement or if line coordinates require changes, assistance to the APs, the contractor and BT’s PMU. Jamoat As important local stakeholders Jamoats are supporting the contractor Administration during all phases of the project. Jamoat leaders will also support the contact between all concerned parties in order to encounter any issue which may occur during project implementation. CADL The assessment of all damages and losses, including the valuation of compensation prior to civil works, is done and decided by the Commission on Assessment of Damages and Losses which works according to the Decree No. 515 of 30th December 2000. In case of any changes of line coordinates during civil works the commission will again assess damages to be expected and value the compensation requirements. Community Based No requirement for CBO-support is visible Organizations Project During project implementation, the project management consultants will Management include in their team an international and a local resettlement specialist. The Consultant project consultants assists PMU in updating and implementing the LARP, including the delivery of compensation/rehabilitation provisions, and advise BT/PMU with regard to the various necessary steps.

8.2 Commission on Assessment of Damages and Losses (CADL)

103. The assessment of all damages and losses will be done and valuation of compensation decided by the Commission on Assessment of Damages and Losses. According to the Decree No. 515 of 30th December 2000, the Commission should consist of the following members: a) deputy chairperson of the Rayon (as chairperson of the commission), b) chairperson of the Rayon committee of land resources and usage (incl. construction), c) Rayon architect, d) Representatives of the Department for Water Usage, e) Representatives of the District Environment Committee, f) Representatives of the Department for Sanitation and Fire Control, g) Representatives of the land users where lands are taken permanently or temporarily, h) Representatives of organizations who have a stake in land distribution and other representatives of organizations according to the local authority’s discretion.

104. However, the indications of the decree are not fully adaptable to the requirements of the assessment of damages and losses of a HVTL project. Consequently, in accordance with the Tajik law which allows for modifications in international cooperation projects the following solution has been arranged: The commission consists of the following persons:

a) one vice chairperson of the Rayon administration (Hukumat) as chairman of the commission, b) the representative of the Rayon Land Committee or the Rayon architect, c) one representative of the Rayon Department of Agriculture, d) one representative of each Jamoat administration concerned - all Jamoat representatives are participating in the commission only in their affected area, e) one regional representative of BT or a staff member of from the PMU M+E unit (resettlement officer), f) one to two representatives of project-affected families, one of whom should be a representative of village women or vulnerable groups, will be invited to join the Commission for Valuation of Losses and Compensation. The Jamoat representatives under c) will come from the following Jamoats: Spitamén Rayon: (i.): Kurush/Kurkat (ii.): Taghoyak (iii.): Sarband/ Qushtegirmon Bobojon Gafurov Rayon: (i.): Dodoboi Kholmatov (ii.) Yova. Ganchi Rayon: (i.) Yahtan. The representative of the contractor, responsible for the identification of losses, is a member of the commission without right to vote.

105. The work procedures of the sub-commission and the Rayon Commission is explained in detail in the Operational Manual. Details of the procedure have also been part of the training of the two commissions for Bobojon Gafurov and Spitamén by BT/PMU and the consultant.

8.3 Barki Tojik’s Institutional Capacity Building in Resettlement

106. BT has a Project Management Unit (PMU) to deal with the implementation of projects funded by ADB and other donors. To date, the PMU has been responsible inter alia for the Power Rehabilitation II project, the Geran-Rumi HVTL and the Kairakum-Asht HVTL (all under BT-ADB cooperation). Resettlement activities are the responsibility of the PMU, with particular assistance of the Monitoring Department which belongs to BT’s PMU. Key capabilities and activities of the Department are social impact assessments, environmental impact assessments, initial social and environmental examinations, and other monitoring, auditing, and associated project studies.

107. Although some of the members of the Monitoring Department formerly received some training, theoretical and practical experience in socio-economic investigations and surveys is limited (with the exception of the head of the department who already shared responsibility for the LARP implementation for Geran-Rumi HVTL in Khatlon Oblast and for Kairakum-Asht in Sughd Oblast). In addition, new staff members of the Department and other PMU staff have only limited experience in carrying out land acquisition and impact compensation/rehabilitation programmes based on international standards. For this reason, the PMU staff works in close cooperation with the Project Management Consultant. LARP implementation is therefore also on-the-job capacity building training, which takes up definitions, principles and procedures of land acquisition, public consultation and participation methods (including data collection requirements), liaising with Hukumat and Jamoat level representatives, and entitlements and compensation and assistance disbursement mechanisms.

108. Other local stakeholders such as the members of the Commission for Valuation of Losses and Compensation also received training prior to the start of their work. Training sessions also took place with the acceptance of the engineering design of the final HVTL by the contractor i.e. before the assessment of losses and compensation requirements. This training is under the responsibility of the PMU-representative and done according to the Implementation Manual.

8.4 Resettlement Database

109. The PMU office in Dushanbe is going to computerize all information concerning land acquisition, socio-economic information of affected land and other assets structures, inventory of losses of individual APs, compensation and entitlements, payments and relocation. This database will form the basis of information for implementation, monitoring and reporting purposes and facilitate efficient resettlement (here: compensation) management.

9. COMPENSATION BUDGET

Introduction

110. Funds for the implementation of the LARP are part of the overall project budget. The budget indicated in this LARP is based on a preliminary calculation of the number and type of transmission towers to be constructed, size of work places and access roads, and damage by stringing, and on the average market price rates in 2015 of major crops grown in the two Hukumats traversed by the transmission line. These price rates were adapted to the early 2016 market price level during the assessment of losses. The cost of LARP implementation has been finalized after the elaboration of the final engineering design by the contractor when the total number of AFs and their losses became clear. A very detailed summary for losses and the compensation payments to be expected for every farm unit affected by the project is presented Rayon-wise in the tables of attachment E. These tables are the result of the DMS which was implemented in winter 2015/2016 until end of February 2016. As mentioned before in chapter 8 the DMS was under the responsibility of the contractor. The procedure was carried out as follows: - first, the exact coordinates of all scheduled towers, worksites, access roads and the space required for stringing were identified with support of the Rayon Hukumats; - secondly, the land usage right owners were identified, again with support of the concerned Hukumat administration; - meetings between the affected land usage right owners and PMU were held where the procedures were discussed and statistical data regarding previous and current land usage collected; - the data were presented to the Commission on Assessment of Damages and Losses (CADL), which in consent with the APs finalized the compilation of expected permanent and non-permanent losses and damages respectively, resulting in the tables of attachment E; - at any stage of the DMS the APs had full access to the grievance redress mechanism as provided in chapter 7 of this LARP. In general, the process was long but not really challenging although in quite a few cases it was difficult to contact the land right owners, who were absent for a longer period. Only with support of Hukumat and Jamoat representatives could all farm representatives affected be reached and the above-mentioned procedure carried out. Another problem during the DMS was the fact that the status of some lands was not absolutely clear. In such cases solutions were devised together with the Rayon Hukumats (e.g. in one case where the land certificate was being processed, but the document had not yet been edited and registered). However, these minor issues do not have an effect on the figures, as all lands and properties are based on the same price indexes.

9.1 Key Assumptions for the Compensation Budget

111. Compared with the finished Kairakum-Asht Line, the Kairakum-Sughd HVTL traverses large agricultural areas, and almost all agricultural lands in the scheduled line corridor are intensively used. Furthermore, most land affected in the three Rayons of Bobojon Gafurov, Spitamén and Ganchi is irrigated and used for cotton and other non-perennial crops. There are also some fruit tree plantations and many more trees planted within the home garden areas (which are however only slightly or not at all affected by the project). In addition – most recently since an initiative of the president in late 2011 – many farmers have planted new fruit trees in order to implement this national agricultural policy. Grapevines are common, mainly in Bobojon Gafurov Rayon, and 15 plots will be affected by construction of the HVTL. 112. Against this background the following set-up is assumed for the construction phase (18 months from early 2016 up to 2017): I. Land use patterns: - less than 20% of the cultivated land is used for cotton3, - more than 25% of the land is used for wheat, barley and maize, - 15% of the cultivated land is used for vegetables, oil seeds, melons, rice, etc. - 5-10% of all agricultural areas is planted with alfalfa or other fodder crops, - 15% of the land is planted with fruit trees and grapevines, - less than 2% of the land is house gardens with mixed crops.

II. Compensation details: - Losses of non-perennial crops will be compensated for fully already after preparation of the land and planting/sowing, - Fruit trees which are older than one year will be considered as fruit bearing even if they are not, - For house garden land, the highest value for crops will be adopted (i.e. TJS 40,200 / hectare has been calculated for onions), - Due to the low volume of compensation payments for permanent losses (cf. table 2.4) and the fact that the new towers constitute a constraint on all mechanical works on the fields, a base rate of TJS 250 is paid additionally for every tower (TJS 18,000 in total), - As irrigation water is scarce in some areas and not all farms are served regularly, it is stipulated that if irrigation water was available for at least two seasons during the last five years full compensation payment will be given for permanent losses.

3 All figures are estimates from the survey. Unfortunately no detailed official figures could be provided during the survey. It would also be difficult to derive figures due to the fact that there are two cropping seasons and that the principle of freedom-to-farm no longer allows predictions by the agricultural departments of the Rayons and Jamoats. However, this LARP could use the figures elaborated by the LARPs for Kairakum-Asht and especially for Geran-Rumi, which provided a very realistic insight into the market prices of 2013 and 2014 (with its most current adaptations).

III. Other conditions influencing the assessment of damages and the volume of compensation payments: - The final construction work of the HVTL results in the construction of the entire estimated 18.7 km of the line on agricultural areas, with all 74 towers resulting in crop damage. Although the final line design may be slightly changed during civil works and one or another of the towers constructed on public areas (waste land or public infrastructure areas such as unused grounds, borders of channels or of drainages, etc.) this will not change the fact that currently sites for 74 towers will be compensated for; - The fact that construction work will also be done during late autumn and winter (15th November until 20th March) when crops cannot be damaged is not taken into consideration while calculating value of damages; - Many trees in the project area have been planted only recently and in larger distances to each other than older plantations, and they are often intercropped with wheat, maize or onions. This results mainly in less, but in particular cases also to greater, damage than calculated in this chapter; - The field survey shows that the permanent loss of house garden land is not to be expected. All towers will be constructed outside of house gardens. The category of house garden land does not therefore become a specific category for assessment of damages and compensation in this LARP. This has been confirmed by the DMS; - A higher level of investment in construction costs (i.e. use of additional corner towers) would most probably reduce compensation costs and vice versa. This has been done at least in three cases where additional towers could prevent crossing farm houses.

9.2 Permanently Acquired Land

113. The proposed project will permanently acquire 8,743 m2 for the foundation of most probably 31 angle towers and 43 suspension towers to be constructed on cultivated lands of individual, family or collective dekhan farms. The users of these permanently acquired plots will receive a compensation payment for loss of land use rights based on the yearly potential produce of the land at market rates for five years (for seven years if apricot and citrus tree areas are required). The term “potential produce” refers to the produce of the land based on the crop cultivated on it, regardless of whether the land is fallow or planted at the time of the final survey. 114. The specific situation that some piece of land cannot be used during the assessment period due to lack of irrigation water will be taken into account. Jamoat representatives or neighbours may confirm that the land has been used during the last five years and that the potential for future resumption of the irrigation exists. All those farmers who can prove that their currently unused land has received water for a cropping season at least twice during these five years will be fully compensated for losses according to the latter direction.

115. Calculation of Losses for Compensation:

a. Losses of crops: Compensation for cash or subsistence crops found during the survey on lands to be acquired for tower footings is determined by multiplying the estimated yield on these lands by the market value of the produce at 2015/16 prices and again multiplying the result by 5. The average yields per hectare and the market price for the main products (e.g. cotton, wheat, maize, onion, lucerne, rice, etc.) is shown in table 2.4 (chapter 2).

b. Losses of apricot, pomegranate, and citrus trees: Compensation for fully-grown apricot trees and citrus is calculated by multiplying the market value of the produce from each tree during the previous year by 7 years. This is the time a newly planted apricot or citrus seedling would take before it can bear fruit. For pomegranate the market value has to be multiplied by 5 years (table 2.4 provides a detailed overview for annual yields, markets prices and costs of seedlings).

On the other hand, compensation for trees which are not yet bearing fruit could be calculated by multiplying the cost of production (i.e. inputs and labour) on the land for one year by 3.5 years (the average age of the trees) for apricots and citrus, and 2.5 years for pomegranate plus cost of seedlings. The assessment of age of trees and actual damage has proved to be complicated in many other cases of land acquisition so that for this LARP all trees which are older than one year will be considered as productive in order to avoid disputes.

Compensation for apricot, pomegranate, citrus, etc. trees which are less than one year of age is calculated by adding the cost of production (i.e. inputs and labour) on the land for one year and the cost of seedlings.

A one-hectare plot of land has an average of approximately 300 apricot, 625 pomegranate, and 400 citrus trees, while the costs of one seedling are TJS 3.5 for apricots and pomegranates, and TJS 25 for citrus (indeed, there are almost no lemon tree plantations in the project area, but only some individual trees).

Apricot trees bear fruit once a year, and the average yield of a one hectare of land with apricots is about 10,500 kg with a market price of TJS 2.0 per kg.

For citrus/lemon the harvesting period is longer than for apricots (about six months) but yields are lower with 4,000 kg and a market price of an estimated TJS 5.0.

For pomegranate which bear fruit also once a year yields are 3,750 kg per hectare and a market price of TJS 10.0 per kg. So far, no pomegranates have been identified amongst the losses.

In order to avoid disputes during assessment of losses, this LARP considers all apricot, citrus, and pomegranate trees of more than one year of age as fruit-bearing.

C. Losses of grape vines: On one hectare of land approximately 1,650 grapevines can be planted, and the cost of one grape seedling is TJS 1.5. Grapevines bear fruit once a year, and the average yield of a plot of one hectare of land is about 8,000 kg with a market price of TJS 2.5 per kg.

116. For all types of trees which, according to the local information provided by the Agricultural Departments of the Rayons, require five to seven years to reach full productivity after replanting, input and labour costs have been added to the value of losses according to the following estimates: - input costs such as fertilizer and plant protection chemicals (neither of which are available everywhere and are used only at a very low intensity) TJS 250-275, - labour costs per year and hectare for irrigation and trimming TJS 600-650, - labour costs for maintenance of field channels TJS 100-115.

Total annual costs per hectare of fruit trees are TJS 950-1,040 or TJS 6,650-7,280 for the average period of seven years until regaining full tree productivity.

9.3 Summary of Losses

117. Length of corridor (also requiring access for stringing) through agricultural areas is only: Ganchi 1,557 m B. Gafurov 7,749 m Spitamen 9,437 m Total 18,743 m

Area required for stringing with temporary damage is not more than: Ganchi 6,160 m2 B. Gafurov 30,876 m2 Spitamen 37,628 m2 Total 74,664 m2

Area required temporarily (access and work sites) is: Ganchi 9,981 m2 B. Gafurov 54,888 m2 Spitamen 57,784 m2 Total 122,653 m2

Area required permanently for towers is (rounded): Ganchi 747 m2

B. Gafurov 4,301 m2 Spitamen 3,695 m2 Total 8,743 m2

9.4 Losses of Permanent Land Use Rights Estimates

118. According to the simulation based on the assumptions of chapter 8.1, the amount of the rehabilitation allowance for the AFs for losses of usage rights for lands permanently lost through the construction of the transmission towers was estimated at TJS 142,212 (TJS 112,212 for 1.35 ha of crops and TJS 30,000 as base rate). This amount took into account that felled fruit trees are also considered as permanent losses due to the fact that they have to be re-planted with the first harvest to start only 3-4 years for grapes, five years for pomegranate, and seven years for citrus and apricots.

As quite a few towers could be moved from cultivated areas to barren lands, the DMS resulted in considerably lower figures, as follows: - for Ganchi, for 5 towers TJS 1,964 should be paid. - for Spitamen, for 25 towers TJS 15,240 should be paid, and, - for B. Gafurov, for 44 towers, TJS 51,014 should be paid, - a total of TJS 68,308 for 74 towers or an average per tower

Average compensation costs per tower are TJS 923.1 which is 22% less than calculated in our first assumptions from July 2015. The small difference is also the result of shifting the first towers from the very productive area of Spitamen to Ganchi, which has much poorer soils and less irrigation water. Again, contingencies will cover additional expenditure in the case that a tower causes higher damage than as yet calculated.

9.5 Compensation for Crops Affected by Temporary Land Occupation

119. As shown in chapter 2.3, deducting the area of land that will be required permanently for the foundation of angle and suspension towers (i.e. 8,743 m2) from a standard workspace of 800 m2 per tower, an additional 122,653 m2 of farmland will be impacted temporarily for one cropping season during the construction of 31 angle towers and 43 suspension towers on cultivated lands (if the construction work is done only during the cropping season).

120. Likewise, during the stringing of the towers, for a lane of four meters on 18,745 m (= 18.7 km) of route, an estimated 74,664 m2 strip of farmland between the 74 towers on cultivated land will be used as an access road and will also be impacted temporarily. This area has been calculated in a relatively broad manner. In reality, parts of the stringing work will be done on existing earth paths

and on land between fields which is not under crops (mainly near to channels and main access roads). Consequently, our estimates are high (to be on the safe side)4.

Crops (cotton, cereals and onion), trees (apricots, pomegranate, citrus, almonds), and some grapevines grown on this temporarily impacted land will be damaged or cut, as in the case of trees, during the construction and stringing of the towers. In total, 206,060 m2 of cropping areas (including fruit tree areas) could be affected permanently (8,743 m2) or temporarily (197,317 m2).

If calculating direct losses and long-term losses for the farmers, the following figures are the most realistic5: - in Ganchi, farmers have short-term damage of TJS 1,344 and long-term damage of TJS 2,821, - in Spitamen, short-term damage is worth TJS 70,242 and long-term damage TJS 18,442, and - in B. Gafurov, short-term damage amounts to TJS 133,211 while the long-term damage is TJS 51,383.

The entire short-term damage amounts to TJS 204,798 and the long term-damage to TJS 72,646, being a total of TJS 277,464.

Table 9.1: All Losses and Compensation Payments (preliminary) Rayon Temp. losses in m2 Perm. Compensation Subtotal 25% for Total losses in for towers compensati vulnera compensation m2 basic / TJS on in TJS ble hh in TJS 250 Access Work sites Ganchi 6,160 9,981 747 1,250 4,186 0 4,186 B. Gafurov 30,876 54,888 4,301 10,500 179,128 5,466 184,594 Spitamen 37,628 57,784 3,695 6,250 88,262 422 88,6843 Total m2/ 74,664 122,653 8,743 18,000 270,198 5,845 277,464 TJS Total/ha 7.47 12.27 0.87 Total 20.6 ha affected area

9.6 Additional Damage

4 The socio-economic monitoring report of the Kairakum-Asht line from June 2015 shows clearly that damage, even in vineyards, remained much below expectations. 5 All figures are sometimes rounded, meaning that various calculation methods present slightly different figures

121. To some extent concrete columns for grapevines with its galvanized steel wire D 4 mm, some wooden poles for tree seedlings, and to a very limited extent metal enclosures/wood fences could possibly be damaged.

The survey of April and June 2015 in and near the scheduled line corridor did not identify any areas with an accumulation of trees of commercial value (timber trees) to be affected by the project. However, at that time the final line design had not yet been elaborated. However, the DMS showed that 50 mulberry trees and some groups of poplars (54 trees) will most probably be cut down. In addition, 7 walnut trees will be compensated for. For the protection of the line, some higher trees will also be compensated for whether full/partial cutting is required during construction work or not.

To be on the safe side, it was initially estimated that in up to 50 cases miscellaneous non-fruit trees could be damaged/cut. The value (mainly firewood) of one tree was estimated at not more than TJS 400 on average (in most cases most probably less; in individual cases considerably more), resulting in maximum damage of TJS 20,000. The DMS and the assessment of damage showed a slightly different picture: for a total of 110 trees, the considerable amount of TJS 28,315 is required. In only one place 43 poplars blocking the HVTL require compensation payments of TJS 18,060.

Together with concrete columns for grapevines, wood fences, galvanized steel wire, etc. the total costs for such additional damages could amount to up to TJS 33,915. However, this amount is already included in the above mentioned detailed compensation payments (cf. Section 100).

Table 9.2: Estimated Additional Costs

Item Quantity Unit Cost/TJS Total Costs Concrete columns for vine 50 pc. 35 1,750 Galvanized steel wire D 4 mm 1,000 m 0.85 850 Metal enclosure 50 m 150 1,500 Wood fence 100 m 85 1,500 Trees 111 - 28,315 Total 33,915

122. Damage with regard to lanes/streets and larger irrigation and drainage channels etc. will not be part of the compensation payments to the AFs, as repair of such small pieces of infrastructure will be done by the construction company itself. For smaller channels, walls, fences, etc. the Operation Manual will provide a list with current market purchase prices.

Land which does not comprise an individual or collective dekhan farm usage right title will not be compensated under the LARP.

9.7 Assistance to Affected Vulnerable AFs

123. The socio-economic survey of households with farmlands inside the preliminary TL alignment identified seven male hh heads which were 70 years old or older and one female-headed hh of this age group. One member of this age group was also handicapped. Two out of the four women as heads of hh indicated that they had only a low income. Three out of the eight men over 70 have the same low income.

Accordingly, at the very beginning of LARP elaboration it was estimated that less than 10% of the affected households might belong to the vulnerable group; in our case six individuals of 6% of the sample. Consistent with the entitlement matrix that mandates granting an additional allowance to vulnerable AFs equivalent to plus 25% of the market value of gross produce on the affected land, the vulnerable households (we assumed not more than 7% of all AFs) should get additional cash assistance of TJS 66,829.

The DMS proved that the number of really affected vulnerable hh is even less. In Ganchi no hh belongs to this Group. In Spitamen, only one household (women-headed, so far lacking land certificate and little land) will be affected and additionally compensated with TJS 422. Only in B. Gafurov are there three women-headed hh which will get, in addition to the estimated value of losses TJS 4,122, TJS 581, and TJS 763, a total additional compensation payment in all project areas of TJS 5,888 (with about two-thirds going to only one person).

9.8 Income Restoration Programme

124. No income restoration programme is provided because there are no AFs that would be severely affected by the loss of their productive assets and income sources. If 289 m2 for an angle tower is taken as the maximum permanent land requirement, with an average land use right title of one hectare for the affected households, losses will amount only to 2.25 per cent of the total land holding. The DMS proved that the largest loss amongst the 93 affected farms from the project is 3.7% of the available agricultural area.

9.9 Estimated Costs of Land Acquisition

125. The estimated cost of the compensation payments to the AF, including contingencies, and management costs during LARP implementation is estimated at TJS 350,992 (US$ 44,598). The table below gives a breakdown of this amount.

Table 9.5: Summary of Land Acquisition Costs

Amount Items (TJS) Compensation payments to AFs for permanent losses of land for tower 271,619 foundation

Amount Items (TJS) Compensation payments for damaged crops during tower construction and stringing Compensation for other damages Out of net total: Assistance to vulnerable AFs (handicapped and female-headed) 5,845 Subtotal 277,464 Contingencies (15%) 41,620 TOTAL DIRECT COST 319,084 Management cost (10% on total) 31,908 GRAND TOTAL COST (rounded) 350,992

10. IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE 126. Barki Tojik will not allow construction activities in specific sites of the alignment to begin until land acquisition and payment of compensation and cash assistance have been satisfactorily completed, and the site is free from encumbrances.

Table 10.1 shows the implementation schedule in its relative time order.

Table 10.1: Implementation Schedule for the Land Acquisition and Compensation Procedure Date and Period of Time Activities Results Day of start of final line - Contractor starts final identification - Some hundreds of leaflets designdone of HVTL with definite location of distributed to the population Estimated 30 days towers along the planned HVTL - Contractor distributes information - All forms (attachment 1 part 1 leaflets to all possibly affected of Implementation Manual) are households signed by representative of AFs - Detailed assessment of areas and of contractor and sent to the required on a permanent basis and of project Commission for Valuation of temporary losses of crops Losses and Compensation - Identification of all affected land owners or land use right holders by contractor (with support of Jamoat and collective farm representatives) - Agreement upon identified land sizes by representatives of affected households and contractor and affirmation of usage rights by AFs

Day of acceptance of final - Commission for Valuation of Losses and All forms (attachment 1 part 2 of HVTL design of contractor Compensation starts working in both the Implementation Manual) are by PMU/ADB done Rayons concerned signed by representative of AFs Estimated 60 days - Land sizes required are to be and of commission and sent confirmed and valuation of within 5 days to Barki Tojik PMU compensation payments arranged via the Rayon Hukumat

Day of acceptance of - LARP sent to ADB revised LARP by - LARP being checked and accepted PMU/ADB Estimated 14 days

Day of revised LARP - Translation of LARP into Russian presentation to Hukumats language Estimated 7 days - LARP being sent to three Hukumats

Day of getting the -Barki Tojik (PMU) and working group The payment orders by PMU are

documents from (PMU resettlement specialist, ADB delivered to BT staff concerned Hukumats representative) check all documents and money is transferred to Estimated 15 days - PMU assigns payment affected households. - Affected households are informed All payments are confirmed by and come to BT cash desk in order to records. collect their compensation money. - All affected households confirm with their signature that payment has been made according to the agreements.

Not more than 10 days - PMU waits for feedback from APs No complaints have been raised after money transfer to and no irregularities reported affected households Estimated 10 days

Subsequently - PMU prepares short report with the recommendation to start the construction work

Subsequently - PMU sends report to ADB Report handed to ADB - ADB clears completed compensation BT obtains clearance process

Subsequently - Start of civil works

11. MONITORING AND EVALUATION

The implementation of the LARP will be monitored regularly to help ensure that it is implemented as planned and that mitigation measures designed to address the Project’s adverse social impacts are adequate and effective.

127. Internal Monitoring will be conducted by the PMU. Internal Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) reporting will cover the following: a. Compliance with land acquisition and resettlement compensation policies; b. Adequacy of the organizational mechanism for implementing the LARP; c. Fair and judicious handling of complaints and grievances; d. Compensation payments to AFs made as mandated by the LARP; and e. Success in restoring the AF’s incomes to pre-project levels.

128. Internal monitoring will be carried out on a monthly basis by PMU M+E unit and will be reported to ADB on a quarterly basis until the end of the compensation and rehabilitation process. The PMU will be responsible for determining if any follow-up actions are necessary and ensuring these actions are undertaken.

Prior to the delivery of compensation payments to the AFs, the PMU will announce the compensation dates, including a detailed compensation schedule community by community. No construction in the affected areas will commence until the payment of compensation has been fully completed.

12. REFERENCES

ADB (2013): REG: Mainstreaming Land Acquisition and Resettlement Safeguards in the Central and West Asia Region. Manila (Project Number: 43288-01) Barki Tojik / Fichtner (2012-2014): Regional Power Transmission Project, Tajikistan. ADB Grant No. 0213-TAJ. Land Acquisition and Resettlement Plan (LARP) Kayrakum - Asht 220 kV Transmission Line. Dushanbe. Barki Tojik / Fichtner (2012-2014): Regional Power Rehabilitation Project, Tajikistan. ADB Grant No. 0213-TAJ. Land Acquisition and Resettlement Plan (LARP). Geran - Rumi 220 kV Transmission Line. Revised Version of LARP. Dushanbe. Barki Tojik / Fichtner (2014): TA-8547 TAJ: Wholesale Metering and Transmission Reinforcement. Land Acquisition and Resettlement Plan (LARP). Dushanbe.

Bliss, Frank (2012): Decentralisation, Civil Society Institutions and Citizens’ Participation on the Level of the Commune (Jamoāt) in Tajikistan. Project Working Paper No. 4. Duisburg. Bliss, Frank (2013): Poverty, governance and participation in Tajikistan, in: Ahrens, Joachim and Hoen, Herman W. (eds.): Institutional Reform in Central Asia. Politico-economic challenges. CIA (June 2015): World Factbook. Washington. [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world- factbook/geos/ti.html]

Erich, Alexander (2015): From ‘programme transplants to ‘local approaches’: the prevention of domestic violence against women in Tajikistan. Hamburg (unpublished ph.d. thesis). Falkingham, Jane (1999): Welfare in Transition: Trends in Poverty and Well being in Central Asia. LSE STICERD Research Paper No. CASE 020. London. FAO: Agrarian Reform Program of the Republic of Tajikistan, Compiled Documentation, Dushanbe 2012. Harris, Colette (2004): Control and Subversion. Gender Relations in Tajikistan. London/Sterling. IFC/ World Bank: Doing Business 2014. Economy Profile: Tajikistan, Washington 2013. Lerman, Zvi / Sedik, D. (2008). The Economic Effects of Land Reform in Tajikistan. Policy Studies on Rural Transition 2008-1, FAO Regional Office for Europe and Central Asia. Lerman, Zvi / Wolfgramm, Bettina (2012): Vulnerability to risk among small farmers in Tajikistan: results of a 2011 survey. The Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Discussion Paper No. 8.11. Rehovot. RoT. Government of the (2007): National Development Strategy of the Republic of Tajikistan for the Period to 2015, Dushanbe.RoT. Government of the Republic of Tajikistan (2010): Poverty Reduction Strategy for the Republic of Tajikistan for 2010-2012, Dushanbe (unofficial translation). RoT. Government of the RoT in Cooperation with Development Coordination Council (2012): Report on the Results of the Agrarian Reform of the RoT. Dushanbe.

UNDP (2014): Human Development Report 2014. New York. http://www.tj.undp.org/content/tajikistan/en/home/operations/about_undp/ayni_area_office/ Yusufbekov, Yusuff u.a. (2007): Civil Society Development in Tajikistan (Aga Khan Development Network), Dushanbe. Welthungerhilfe (2012a): Report on the Baseline Survey for TJK 1079. Dushanbe. Welthungerhilfe (2012b): Baseline Survey Report Sustainable Poverty Reduction and Food Security through Climate Change Adapted Potato Production in Zerafshan Valley TJK 1078. Dushanbe. World Bank: Republic of Tajikistan Poverty Assessment, Washington 2009. World Bank (update Feb 25, 2014): Tajikistan Country Report, under: http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/

83 Attachment A:

Regional Power Transmission Project: Land Acquisition and Resettlement Plan Summary of the Implementation Manual for Barki Tojik (BT), Republic of Tajikistan

1. Objectives

A Land Acquisition and Resettlement Plan (LARP) with all its details according to the management rules of the Asian Development Bank and Barki Tojik as an implementing agency is of little value for the local stakeholders in the project area. Although the final LARP will be put on the internet, a more practical paper is required in order to allow for a broader dissemination of information and guidelines for both the affected population and the locally involved representatives of the public administration. Therefore, an implementation manual has been prepared prior to the assessment and compensation of losses.

This manual provides the most essential information from the LARP regarding its basic philosophy and demonstrates the procedure of land identification, valuation of losses and the implementation of the compensation including the grievance mechanism.

2. Content:

§ 1 Philosophy of Project

In this chapter the “philosophy” of the project is explained that no work can start prior to a satisfactory assessment and compensation of all losses. The chapter also refers to the grievance mechanism and the principle of participation of representatives of the local population in decision-making and monitoring.

§ 2 Principles for Land Acquisition and Compensation

Here, the process of land acquisition is explained in detail so that the stakeholders can understand that the valuation of all losses will be made in a very transparent way and that all permanent (land) and non-permanent losses (harvest) will be compensated for prior to construction.

§ 3 Obligations of Contractor

This chapter explains clearly the role of the contractor during the final design of the high-voltage transmission line, during the assessment of losses and during the process of valuation of the losses.

§ 4 Commission for Valuation of Losses and Compensation

In chapter 4 the composition of the commission is explained, as well as the fact that representatives of the affected people can join the team. It is also explained which criteria are to be adopted by the commission and which values are given to the different categories of losses.

§ 5 Modalities and Periods of Payment

Here, the way is described in which, following assessment of losses and valuation of compensation, payment will be made so that the principles of accountability can be observed as far as possible.

§ 6 Grievance Redress Mechanism

Chapter 6 describes the grievance redress mechanism on its various levels and explains what affected people can do in order to use the mechanism.

§ 7 Implementation Schedule for Land Acquisition

A table summarizes the various steps and the time intervals in which the various measures have to be adapted and/or implemented.

There are some attachments with forms that allow for an easy adjustment of the different steps during the assessment of losses and the valuation

Attachment 1: Forms

Attachment 2: Price Lists

Attachment B: Results of Line Assessment with Photo Documentation

Map: The project area in Sughd Oblast of Tajikistan. The HVTL corridor is starting at Sughd substation on the lower left side of the map (red line) and is entering Kairakum substation on the upper right side of map.

Photo Documentation

Attachment C:

Government Decree 641 on Procedures for Compensation of Damages to Land Users and the Loss Of Agricultural Production of 30th December 2011 Defines: the procedure for compensation of losses to agricultural land users and for agricultural production losses related to withdrawal of land plots for state and public needs. Compensation is made at the stage of preliminary approval of the project for which land acquisition is necessary location and is confirmed at the moment of transfer of rights to the new land user. The compensation process is summarized as follows: - Losses should be fully compensated in cases of withdrawal of land for state needs that result in the termination of land use rights, at the expense of the natural and legal persons to whom the new land use right is given. The following should be considered while defining the amount of losses: - cost of registration of land use rights adjusted for inflation; - cost of immovable property located at the land plot, including fruit trees, berries, protective and other perennial plantings; - cost of unfinished works (tilling, application of fertilizers, planting and other works); - cost of unharvested agricultural crops; and - other losses to land users, associated with early termination of his/her obligation under contracts or agreements. - Upon withdrawal of agricultural land, losses to the land users are defined based on the relevant documents provided by the land user. The size of the loss in case of withdrawal or temporary occupation is defined as follows: - valuation of houses and other structures located on the land plot, or outside of the land plot, is conducted at book value adjusted for depreciation in cases when further use is impossible, - valuation of productive trees as well as protective and other plantings is conducted at their book value; - non-productive fruit trees and berries are valued based on actual expenses incurred by land users;

- cost of soil preparation, planting and handling and other types of work – according to the set prices/tariffs; - cost of purchasing seedlings, according to the prices of the nurseries or on the market price; - cost of mineral fertilizers based on current sales prices; - production of organic fertilizers on-farm is based on the actual costs; - cost of incomplete production (tilling, application of fertilizers, planting, handling and other types of work) is defined based on the actual expenses for the finished works, based on the tariffs for individual work types, as well as cost of planted seeds, applied organic and mineral fertilizers and other costs, but not used in relation to the withdrawal or temporary occupation of the land plot; - costs of seeds and fertilizers are reimbursed based on the actual expenses for their production or at the market price; - Legal and natural persons to whom the land plots are given shall pay the cost, or relocate at their own expense, the buildings and structures, or reconstruct new similar buildings, structures and other objects, subject to agreement with the land user. The relevance of the relocation and rehabilitation of buildings and structures to a new location, construction of new buildings and other objects in exchange for demolished ones is defined by the commission that is established according to the Regulation. - Expenses related to the compensation of losses to the land users shall be provided for in the construction/design estimates of the projects for the land that is to be withdrawn or temporarily occupied, or budgeted for in the in the operating profit of the entity/person to whom the land plots will be given. Land plots under agricultural crops are usually transferred to the new land user after the harvest. In exceptional cases, when land acquisition is done before harvesting, the cost of the potential yield is reimbursed. The yield is defined as the average value for the most recent 5 years of planting the crop on the farm as well as the actual selling price in the area. Potential fodder crop yield is translated into the fodder unit. In this case the cost of unfinished production is not reimbursed. - Losses for termination of using water sources (wells, ponds, bore holes etc.) are reimbursed based on the actual expenses or based on the cost of construction works for new water sources equal to the water output. Other damages to land users related to withdrawal or temporary occupation of land plot are defined based on the actual expenses. - When demolishing structures in private ownership associated with the withdrawal of land for state and public needs in cities and other settlements, the owners should be compensated for the buildings and structures (houses, barns, cellars, wells etc.) or they are given apartments. Other citizens permanently residing at least one year in a building to be demolished are given alternative dwelling space. - Companies, institutions and other organizations regardless of ownership status, to whom the land is given, should compensate the cost of land acquisition at their own expense. The same applies for collective farms and orchards. - For the procedure to identify damages to land users and losses of agricultural production associated with withdrawal of land rights or temporary occupation, a valuation commission is established, as follows:

- Deputy chairman of the district or city – Head of the commission; - Chairman of the district Land committee; - District (city) architect; - Representatives of water authority; - Representatives of district Environment protection committee; - Representatives of sanitary and fire inspection authorities; - Representatives of land users, whose land plot is to be withdrawn or temporarily occupied; - Representative of the enterprise, organization or institution interested in land acquisition as well as representatives of other authorities at the discretion of the local Hukumat.

The Commission’s work results in a statement indicating the size of losses of agricultural production to be compensated. The document shall be reviewed and approved by the local Hukumat. Disputes between the parties over the degree of the loss may be appealed in court.

Attachment D: PROJECT INFORMATION LEAFLET Republic of Tajikistan: Regional Power Transmission Project Funded by the Asian Development Bank Implemented by Barki Tojik

Project Description: The project is the construction of a 220 kV transmission line from Kairakum substation to the 500 kV substation of Sughd (Spitamen Rayon). In total, the line will extend to about 63 km, with one third of the line crossing agricultural areas. The project will be implemented during October 2015 and March 2017. The line corridor is as follows: from Kairakum the line will cross the Syr Darya river to the north. The land of Dodoboi Kholmatov Jamoat will be crossed, thereafter barren lands north of Khudjand town. Near the Uzbek border the line will turn southwards and again cross the Syr Darya river on the territory of Sarband/Qushtegirmon Jamoat. From here, the line continues south-westwards until reaching Yahtan Jamoat (Ganchi) and then turns again southward passing the lands of Kurkat/Kurush Jamoat, and finally reaching Sughd substation.

Expected Impact and Indicative Entitlements: Transmission line route and location of towers will be designed in further detail during detailed design through full consultation with the affected peoples (AP). The expected impact of the Project and indicative entitlements are as follows:

Asset Specification Affected Compensation Entitlements People (AP) Permanent All land affected All APs including Cash replacement at market value (free of land (i.e. between 43 holders of taxes, registration or transfer costs) of five years’ acquisition and 289 sqm, individual, family crops for footing of between 3 and 5 or collective land 74 towers towers per one use certificate km Temporary Crops affected All APs including Crop compensation in cash of full market value land on approx. 800 holders of for one harvest (either winter or summer) by occupation m 2 per tower individual, family default for impacts caused by tower bases, work - Crops or collective land sites, stringing and access. use certificate Tenants and use rights holders will share compensation based on their contract. Temporary Trees affected All APs including Fruit-bearing trees to be compensated for at the land (in total 120 holders of value of one harvest multiplied by the number of occupation trees only) individual, family years to re-grow a tree to the same productive or collective land level of the tree lost. use certificate Non-fruit bearing/timber trees to be valued based on the market value of their dry wood volume.

Grievance Redress Mechanism: A grievance redress mechanism will be established, commencing with the detailed design stage, for redress of grievances and complaints. The indicative mechanism is as follows: (i) Complaints may be filed at district Barki Tojik offices in project areas. Grievances should be sent in written form to the project level Grievance Redress Committee for each Rayon concerned and must be heard and resolved within 14 days of submission of the complaint; (ii) If the AP is unsatisfied or has no reply from the Grievance Redress Committee, she/he can send her/his complaints via the Rayon Barki Tojik representative to the Barki Tojik Project Management Unit Manager at the central level; (iii) If no solution is reached within 7 days at Barki Tojik PMU central level, the AP can further submit their case to the appropriate court of law.

Contact Details for Inquiry during Pre-Implementation Stage: - Jamoat Offices of Kurklat/Kurush, Taghoyak, Sarband/Qushtergirmon (Spitamen Rayon) - Jamoat Offices of Dodoboi Kholmatov and Yova (Bobojon Gafurov Rayon) - Barki Tojik Spitamen Hukumat Office - Barki Tojik Bobojon Gafurov Hukumat Office. Revised: 5th March 2015

Summary Resettlement Plan Approved: ADB Grant 0213-TAJ Reginal Power Transmission Project, ______M. Ismoilzoda Lot 1: 220 kV OTL Soghd-Kayrakkum Construction N. Nazarzoda______Chairman of OSHC "Barqi Tojik" List of compensation disbursements for Ganchi district Executive Director SE "PMUES" Date "___" ______2016 of Soghd region Date: "_____" ______2016

Allocated Compensation payment

Jamoat Jamoat season) season) 14x17x19 14x17x19 Type of towers towers Type of Number of towers towers of Number years 11x16x18 years 11x16x18 NШ. ШП ЭШаОr№ ЭШаОr№ ШП NШ. 1-6 years of care) care) of years 1-6 Type of crops/trees crops/trees Type of Subtotal compensation TJS TJS compensation Subtotal Length of land affected by line (m) (m) line by affected land of Length Productivity per ha in kg (crops) kg (crops) in ha per Productivity Land required temporarily in sqm in temporarily required Land

Name of kg in fruits of tree per Productivity Land required permanently in sqm in permanently required Land 25% for compensation of vulnerable vulnerable of for compensation 25% Value of losses of fruit per kg in TJS in kg per fruit of losses of Value Total farm land of affected person/group person/group affected of land farm Total Number of fruit bearing trees affected affected trees bearing fruit of Number Type and name AP/of TJS in kg per crops of losses of Value of Farm: 1. representative Number of non yet fruit bearing trees affected affected trees bearing fruit yet of non Number Additional payment for towers installations TJS installations towers for payment Additional Cost for non fruit bearing trees for care per year per care for trees bearing fruit for non Cost Private, 2 family, of collectice season) (one losses fruit for compensation Total Total compensation for crops (permanent losses) 5 5 losses) (permanent crops for compensation Total Total compensation for non fruit bearing trees 13x20 trees 13x20 bearing fruit for non compensation Total Total compensation for fruit losses (5-7 years) 17 (5-7 years) losses fruit for compensation Total Total compensation for crops (temporary losses at 1 1 at losses (temporary crops for compensation Total Value of non fruit bearing trees per unit (seedling plus plus unit (seedling per trees fruit bearing non of Value No. 3. collective farm TJS to in paid beofTotal amountcompensation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 225 600 1,2 81 250 331 331 3. A/F Umarov barley 1 Yahtan 1 2 170 1544 600 1,2 111 111 111

anch "Bogdori" Abdumalik 210 840 wheat 1800 1,8 272 272 272 225 1500 1,2 203 250 453 453 3. A/F Mansurov 2 Yahtan 1 3 barley

anch "E.Umarova" Murod 200 1664 1500 1,2 300 300 300 70,56 1500 1,2 64 250 314 314 3. A/F Mamurov barley 3 Yahtan 1 4 110 1020 1500 1,2 184 184 184

susp susp "Mamurov R." Ruzimat 190 760 wheat 1800 1,8 247 247 247 170,3 1800 1,8 276 250 526 526 3. A/F Holmatov wheat 4 Yahtan 1 5 120 1399 1800 1,8 434 434 434

anch "Gallakor-1" Zoyirjon 230 920 barley 1500 1,2 166 166 166 56,25 1800 1,8 90 250 340 340 3. A/F Holmatov wheat 5 Yahtan 1 6 160 1234 1800 1,8 400 400 400

susp susp "Gallakor-1" Zoyirjon 150 600 barley 1500 1,2 108 108 108 Total 1540 9981 747,11 714 2222 1250 4186 4186

Summary Resettlement Plan Approved: ADB Grant 0213-TAJ Reginal Power Transmission Project, ______M.Ismoilzoda Lot 1: 220 kV OTL Soghd-Kayrakkum Construction N. Nazarzoda______Chairman of OSHC "Barqi Tojik" List of compensation disbursements for Spitamen district Executive Director of SE "PMUES" Date "___" ______2016 of Soghd region Date:"_____" ______2016

Allocated Compensation payment

19 No. No. Jamoat Jamoat 13x20 13x20 in TJSin No. of tower tower of No. 14x17x19 14x17x19 1 season) 1 season) Type of towers towers Type of Number of towers towers of Number years 11x16x18 years 11x16x18 collective, 4 state farm farm state 4 collective, Type of crops/trees crops/trees Type of care) of year plus 1 Subtotal compensation TJS TJS compensation Subtotal Length of land affected by line (m) (m) line by affected land of Length Productivity per ha in kg (crops) kg (crops) in ha per Productivity Land required temporarily in sqm sqm in temporarily required Land Productivity per tree of fruits in kg kg in fruits of tree per Productivity Land required permanently in sqm sqm in permanently required Land 25% for compensation of vulnerable vulnerable of for compensation 25% Value of losses of fruit per kg in TJS in kg per fruit of losses of Value Total farm land of affected person/group person/group affected of land farm Total Number of fruit bearing trees affected affected trees bearing fruit of Number Value of losses of crops per kg in TJS in kg per crops of losses of Value Type and name of Farm: 1. Private, 2 family, 3. 3. family, 2 Private, 1. Farm: of name Type and Name of AP/of representative of collectice farm collectice of representative AP/of of Name Number of non yet fruit bearing trees affected affected trees bearing fruit yet of non Number Total compensation for non fruit bearing trees bearing fruit for non compensation Total Additional payment for towers installations TJS installations towers for payment Additional Cost for non fruit bearing trees for care per year per care for trees bearing fruit for non Cost Total compensation for fruit losses (one season) season) (one losses fruit for compensation Total Value of non fruit bearing trees per unit (seedling unit (seedling per trees fruit bearing non of Value Total compensation for crops (temporary losses at at losses (temporary crops for compensation Total Total compensation for fruit losses (7 years) 17 years) (7 losses fruit for compensation Total Total compensation for crops (permanent losses) 5 5 losses) (permanent crops for compensation Total Total Total amount compensation of beto paid 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 3. JSC Ahmedov 132,25 1740 2,5 288 250 538 538 1 Kurush 1 anch 7 1300 cotton "Guliston" Sheroz 20 940 174 0 2,5 409 409 409 3. JSC Ahmedov 70,56 1740 2,5 153 250 403 403 2 Kurush 1 susp 8 1300 cotton "Guliston" Sheroz 574 2876 1740 2,5 1251 1251 1251 210,25 1740 2,5 457 250 707 707 cotton 3. JSC Ahmedov 334 1996 1740 2,5 868 868 868 3 Kurush 1 anch 9 1300 "Guliston" Sheroz 120 480 onion 26800 1,5 1930 1930 1930 3 12 bean 3620 1,7 7 7 7 3. JSC Ahmedov 70,56 1740 2,5 153 250 403 403 4 Kurush 1 susp 10 1300 cotton "Guliston" Sheroz 395 2160 1740 2,5 940 940 940 225 1740 2,5 489 250 739 739 cotton 3. JSC Ahmedov 173 1556 1740 2,5 677 677 677 5 Kurush 1 anch 11 1300 "Guliston" Sheroz 120 480 carrot 26800 1,5 1930 1930 1930 3 12 corn 4050 1,6 8 8 8 56,25 3620 1,7 173 250 423 105 528 wheat 1. Subsidiary 490 3620 1,7 546 546 137 683 6 Kurush 1 susp 12 Unusova Nori 0,15 holding 56,25 3620 1,7 173 173 43 216 lens 490 3620 1,7 546 546 137 683 Begmuratov 56,25 26800 1,5 1133 250 1383 1383 7 Kurush 1 susp 13 2. A/F "Sattor" 3,57 tomato Sattor 60 834 26800 1,5 3352 3352 3352 70,56 4050 1,6 229 250 479 479 Turaboev corn 8 Kurush 1 susp 14 2. A/F "Hanifa" 7 608 4050 1,6 394 394 394 Abdulhay 20 80 cotton 1740 2,5 35 35 35 70,56 4050 1,6 229 250 479 479 corn 320 1860 4050 1,6 1205 1205 1205 3. JSC Ahmedov 160 tomato 26800 1,5 643 643 643 9 Kurush 1 susp 15 1300 "Guliston" Sheroz 210 840 cotton 1740 2,5 365 365 365 mulberry 1 104 104 104 104 poplar 11 420 4620 4620 4620

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 70,56 20970 0,1 74 250 324 324 3. JSC Ahmedov lucerne 10 Kurush 1 susp 16 1300 113 1032 20970 0,1 216 216 216 "Guliston" Sheroz 80 320 corn 4050 1,6 207 207 207 56,25 6 52 312 250 562 562 2. A/F "Faiz- Fayziev mulberry 11 Kurush 1 susp 19 10 634 24 52 1248 1248 1248 ota" Abdugani 120 480 corn 4050 1,6 311 311 311 Abdusamatov 210,25 4050 1,6 681 250 931 931 12 Kurush 1 anch 20 3. A/F "Bilol" corn Farhod 300 1860 4050 1,6 1205 1205 1205 70,56 1740 2,5 153 250 403 403 2. A/F "Hotam- cotton 13 Kurush 1 susp 21 Usmonov Utkir 372 2068 1740 2,5 900 900 900 sarkor 120 480 corn 4050 1,6 311 311 311 216,09 3620 1,7 665 250 915 915 wheat 3.JSC Ahmedov 776 3620 1,7 478 478 478 14 Kurush 1 anch 22 1300 "Guliston" Sheroz 216,09 3620 1,7 665 665 665 lens 776 3620 1,7 478 478 478 210,25 20970 0,1 220 250 470 470 2. A/F "Hoji- Abdugafurov lucerne 15 Kurush 1 anch 23 764 20970 0,1 160 160 160 ota" Abdusamin apricot 14 50 2 1400 9800 9800 9800 37,5 3620 1,7 115 250 365 365 bean 40 556 3620 1,7 342 342 342 2. A/F Nematov 18,75 26800 1,5 377 377 377 16 Kurush 1 susp 24 tomato "Narzullo -ota" Saydulla 198 26800 1,5 796 796 796 31 124 wheat 3620 1,7 76 76 76 apricot 4 32 128 128 128 56,25 3620 1,7 173 250 423 423 3. A/F Ibragimov wheat 17 Sarband 1 susp 25 75,34 156 1218 3620 1,7 750 750 750 "Jurabek" Mavlonbek 156 1218 lens 3620 1,7 750 750 750 3. A/F Ibragimov 170,3 1740 2,5 370 250 620 620 18 Sarband 1 anch 26 75,34 cotton "Jurabek" Mavlonbek 327 2227 1740 2,5 969 969 969 132,25 20970 0,1 139 250 389 389 lucerne 320 2140 20970 0,1 469 469 469 Abdukarimov 19 Sarband 1 anch 27 3. IA "Shahrier" 28,66 20 80 cotton 1740 2,5 35 35 35 Behzod 100 400 wheat 3620 1,7 246 246 246 100 400 lens 3620 1,7 246 246 246 70,56 20970 0,1 74 250 324 324 20 Sarband 1 susp 28 3. IA "Marifat" Zohidov Javlon 91,33 lucerne 61 824 20970 0,1 173 173 173 169 3620 1,7 520 250 770 770 wheat 138 1375 3620 1,7 846 846 846 169 362 0 1,7 520 520 520 21 Sarband 1 anch 29 3. IA "Marifat" Zohidov Javlon 91,33 lens 138 1375 3620 1,7 846 846 846 369 1476 cotton 1740 2,5 642 642 642 210 840 lucerne 20970 0,1 176 176 176 289 20970 0,1 303 250 553 553 22 Sarband 1 anch 30 3. IA "Marifat" Zohidov Javlon 91,33 lucerne 800 20970 0,1 168 168 168 169 20970 0,1 177 250 427 427 1. Subsidiary lucerne 23 Sarband 1 anch 31 Ishanova Ohista 0,19 823 20970 0,1 173 173 173 holding 169 blackberry 10 0,5 5 25 125 125 125 Hurram Uldoshev 43,56 3620 1,7 134 250 384 384 24 1 susp 46 3. AF "Oktosh" 238 wheat zamin Abdujabbor 505 2627 3620 1,7 1616 1616 1616

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 Hurram Uldoshev 132,25 3620 1,7 407 250 657 657 25 1 anch 47 3. AF "Oktosh" 238 wheat zamin Abdujabbor 506 2884 3620 1,7 1775 1775 1775 2. A/F lucerne 20970 0,1 206 206 206 26 Kurush Kodirov Hasan 1,27 245 980 "Mamatkul-ota" apricot 3 50 2 300 2100 2100 2100 1. Subsidiary Begmuratov 120 480 wheat 3620 1,7 295 295 295 27 Kurush holding Sattor 120 480 lens 3620 1,7 295 295 295 2. A/F 170 680 wheat 3620 1,7 418 418 418 28 Kurush Ekubov Haitboy "Amirhon" 170 680 lens 3620 1,7 418 418 418 Subsidiary Begmuratov 26 105 lucerne 20970 0,1 22 22 22 29 Kurush holding Farhod 20 80 poplar 43 420 18060 18060 18060 20 80 bean 3620 1,7 49 49 49 2. A/F Mamurov 30 Kurush 1,13 30 120 barley 3620 1,7 74 74 74 "Zokirjon" Zavkier 30 120 lens 3620 1,7 74 74 74 Pardaev 30 120 wheat 3620 1,7 74 74 74 31 Kurush 2. A/F "Elbek" Bekbuta 30 120 lens 3620 1,7 74 74 74 2. A/F "Ulmas- Kenjaev 30 120 corn 4050 1,6 78 78 78 32 Kurush ota" Kuchkorali 90 360 melon 14200 0,5 256 256 256 2. A/F Abdurahmanov 33 Kurush 220 880 cotton 1740 2,5 383 383 383 "A.Uldoshev" Norbuta 2. A/F Ahmadaliev 80 320 cotton 1740 2,5 139 139 139 34 Kurush "E.Ahmadaliev" Kobiljon 20 80 bean 3620 1,7 49 49 49 2. A/F "Jabbor- Mamadiev 35 Kurush 90 360 barley 3620 1,7 222 222 222 ota" Abdumalik 2. A/F "Abdali- 36 Kurush Hidirov Jonibek 100 400 corn 4050 1,6 259 259 259 ota" 2. A/F "Yahshi- 37 Kurush Ochilov Rustam 7,46 100 400 lucerne 20970 0,1 84 84 84 ota" 2. A/F Sherbekov 38 Kurush 5,9 140 560 cotton 1740 2,5 244 244 244 "Tuichiboy-ota" Sherzod

2. A/F Boyjigitov 39 Kurush 3,9 50 200 cotton 1740 2,5 87 87 87 "Rahmatillo-ota" Muzafar 2. A/F "Umar- 40 Kurush Ashurov Shuhrat 2,22 130 520 cotton 1740 2,5 226 226 226 ota" 2. A/F 41 Kurush RazakovaZamira 0,66 60 350 lucerne 20970 0,1 76 76 76 "Razakova" 2. A/F 120 480 cotton 1740 2,5 209 209 209 42 Kurush Alibaev Norbek 6,81 "Anorboy-ota" 120 480 corn 4050 1,6 311 311 311 4. Land found 43 Kurush 130 520 corn 4050 1,6 337 337 337 of district 100 400 corn 4050 1,6 259 259 259 1. Subsidiary 44 Sarband Normatov Erkin 40 160 wheat 3620 1,7 99 99 99 holding 40 160 lens 3620 1,7 99 99 99 3. IA Abdurasulov 45 Sarband "Abdurasulov 4 50 200 rice 4580 2,5 229 229 229 Ulugbek Ulugbek" 3. Village Babajanav 46 Sarband cooperative 10 35 140 rice 4580 2,5 160 160 160 Ravshanbek "Bunedi zamin" Total 9407 57784 3695 89 27 1725 12025 24472 9244 36271 6250 88262 422 88684

Approved: Summary Ressetlement Plan

ADB Grant 0213-TAJ Reginal Power Transmission Project,

______M. Ismoilzoda Lot 1: 220 kV OTL Soghd-Kayrakkum Construction N. Nazarzoda______

Chairman of OSHC "Barqi Tojik" List of compensation disbursements for B. Gafurov district Executive Director SE "PMUES"

Date "___" ______2016 of Soghd region Date:"_____" ______2016

Allocated Compensation payment 19 Jamoat 17 No. of tower No. of tower 14x17x19 14x17x19 Typeof towers at 1 season) atseason) 1 -6 years) 13x20-6 years) Numberof towers (1 Type of crops/treesTypeof plusof 1 yearscare) -6 losses) 5 yearslosses) 11x16x18 5 Subtotal TJS compensation Length of land affected by line (m) linelandLength by affected of Productivity per ha in kg (crops) (crops) ha kg Productivityper in Land required temporarily in sqm inLand temporarily required Productivity per tree of fruits in kgin fruitsProductivityper of tree Land required permanently in sqm inpermanently Land required 25% for compensation of vulnerable25% of compensation for Value of losses of fruit per TJS in kg ofValue offruit losses Total farm land of affected Total person/group landfarm of Number of fruit bearing trees affected affected Number of trees bearing fruit Value of losses of crops per kg incrops kg per ofValue TJS of losses documents), 2 family, 3. collective, 4 state 43. documents),2 collective, family, Total compensation for crops (permanent crops forTotal (permanent compensation Type and name of Farm: 1. Private (1A without Private Farm: (1A 1. Typenameand of Name of AP/of representative of collecticeName farm AP/of of representative Number of non yet fruit bearing trees affected bearing yetNumber of fruit non Total compensation for non fruit bearing trees bearing forTotalcompensation fruit non Total compensation for fruit losses (5-7 forTotal compensation fruit years) Additional payment for towers installations TJSAdditional towers payment for Cost for non fruit bearing trees for year care per trees Cost fruit bearing non for lossescrops forTotal (temporary compensation Total amount of compensation to be paid in TJS to in paid beofTotal amountcompensation No. losses forTotal compensation fruit season) (one Value of non fruit bearing trees per unit (seedlingunit per Value trees of fruit bearing non 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 1.LLC 56,25 3260 1,7 156 250 406 406 51 1 1 "Parandaparvarii Zahirov Ilhomjon 48 wheat susp susp

Yova Hujand" 580 2914 3260 1,7 1615 1615 1615 Avliyalov 210,25 29100 1 3059 250 3309 3309 2 1 54 3. LLC "Harakat" 214 onion

anch Dadojon Yova 363 2112 29100 1 6146 6146 6146 70,56 3260 1,7 196 250 446 446 Avliyalov wheat 3 1 55 3.LLC "Harakat" 214 364 2036 3260 1,7 1128 1128 1128 susp susp

Yova Dadojon 60 24 corn 4590 1,6 176 176 176

169 4590 1,6 620 250 870 870 corn Avliyalov 70 94 4590 1,6 690 690 690 4 1 56 3. LLC "Harakat" 214 Dadojon Yova anch 50 200 wheat 3260 1,7 111 111 111 mulberry 1 104 104 104 104 210,25 5780 0,2 25 250 275 275 Usmonova lucerne 5 1 57 2.AF "Mirzo" 3,94 5780 0,2 76 76 76

anch Shakar Yova 660 apricot 6 50 2 600 4200 4200 4200 4.District land 210,25 860 4 72 250 322 322 6 1 58 lens

anch fund Yova 100 1060 860 4 365 365 365 2.AF Ahmedov 70,56 2 104 208 250 458 458 7 1 59 mulberry

susp "Abduvosit" Abduvosit Yova 580 4 104 416 416 416 3.LLC 56,25 apricot 8 50 2 800 5600 250 5850 5850 8 1 61 Ashurov Mukim 256

susp "Komronbek" Yova 200 1380 almond 4 7 15 420 2100 2100 2100 132,25 6 50 2 600 4200 250 4450 1113 5563 apricot 860 9 50 2 900 6300 6300 1575 7875 household 5469 1367 6836 1A.Subsidiary Yarbekova outbuilding 9 1 71

anch holding Uguloy Yova Ptotection 20 10 200 200 50 250 net stub posts 2 35 70 70 17 87

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 43,56 3260 1,7 121 250 371 371 3.IA Huseinhujaev 10 1 74 wheat

susp "J.Rasulov" Muhtorhuja Yova 50 807 3260 1,7 447 447 447

2 A/F Mamasharipova 43,56 mullberry 8 38 304 304 304 11 1 91 2,29

susp "Hojiahmad" Oyshajon Yova 607 almond 10 38 380 380 380 2.A/F "Juman Jumanov 170,3 4 50 2 400 2800 250 3050 3050 12 1 92 2,04 apricot

anch Tohir" Abdurahim Yova 200 1319 5 50 2 500 3500 3500 3500 289 mullberry 3 104 312 250 562 562 sweet cherry 1 46 138 138 138 quince 1 38 38 38 38 apricot 2 50 2 200 1400 1400 1400 mullberry 1 37 37 37 37 1A.Subsidiary 13 1 100 Holmirzaev Vali 289 wheat 3260 1 471 471 471

anch holding Yova protection net 20 10 200 200 200

reinforcement 26 5,3 137 137 137

barb wire 20 2 40 40 40

1.LLC Avezov 56,25 1 50 2 100 700 250 950 950 14 1 138 134 apricot

susp "Shuhrat" Farruhjon 150 1194 3 50 2 300 2100 2100 2100 3. Subsidiary 70,56 860 4 121 250 371 371 holding of lens Husein 130 1100 860 4 378 378 378 15 1 139 mosque

susp Musozoda net 6 10 60 60 60 D. Holmatov Shaih Muslihidin stub posts 2 35 70 70 70 225 3260 1,7 623 250 873 873 Abdulloev wheat 16 1 140 2.A/F "Imon" 8,85 285 2004 3260 1,7 1111 1111 1111

anch Sohibjon 100 400 onion 29100 1 1164 1164 1164 43,56 3260 1,7 121 250 371 371 3.A/F "R. Shukurov wheat 17 1 141 22 0 70 887 3260 1,7 492 492 492

susp Kosimov" Ahmadjon 100 400 onion 29100 1 1164 1164 1164 D. Holmatov 2.A/F"Hoji Isroilov 56,25 29100 1 818 250 1068 1068 18 1 142 10,2 onion

susp Abduvahob" Anvarjon 250 1594 29100 1 4638 4638 4638 56,25 12 2,5 3 450 250 700 700 grape 2. A/F 594 95 2,5 3 2850 2850 2850 19 1 143 Badalov Nabi 3,67

susp "Nabijon" stub posts 18 35 630 630 630 wire 250 4 1000 1000 1000 Asrorov 56,25 1 50 2 100 700 250 950 950 20 D. Holmatov 1 144 2.A/F "Jovid" 14,6 apricot

susp Bahrom 200 1394 8 50 2 800 5600 5600 5600

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 56,25 apricot 5 50 2 500 3500 250 3750 3750 Jamshed 594 walnut 2 40 6 480 2400 2400 2400 21 1 145 2.A/F "J.Nabiev" 9

susp Nabiev 80 320 onion 29100 1 931 931 931

D. Holmatov 120 480 wheat 3260 1,7 266 266 266 56,2 5 18 2,5 3 135 675 250 925 925 grape 20 674 72 2,5 3 540 2160 2160 2160 22 1 146 2.IA "Obodoni" UsЮpШЯ IsФСФ 8,2

susp stub posts 12 35 420 420 420 wire 420 4 1680 1680 1680 Mirfayazova 56,25 3260 1,7 156 250 406 406 23 D. Holmatov 1 147 1.AF "Mirfaiz" 1,1 wheat

susp Munavvar 62 842 3260 1,7 467 467 467 170,3 2 50 2 200 1400 250 1650 1650 apricot 919 4 50 2 400 2800 2800 2800 24 1 148 2.AF "Boybuvo" Sattorov Odil 10

anch 2000 0,5 852 852 852 pumpkin

D. Holmatov 90 1279 2000 0,5 1279 1279 1279 41,58 10 2,5 3 75 375 250 625 157 782 grape 480 21 2,5 3 158 630 630 157 787 Sobirova 25 149 1.AF "Istiklol" 1,38 stub posts 10 35 350 350 87 437

susp Sanavar wire 180 4 720 720 180 900 D. Holmatov 1 1,98 Shukurova 124 grape 28 2,5 3 210 1050 1050 1050 26 149 1.AF"Istiklol" 1,38

susp Bimanzura stub posts 8 35 420 420 420

D. Holmatov wire 150 4 600 600 600 56,25 18 33 594 250 844 844 grape 1 year 20 674 35 33 3465 3465 3465 Tursunov 27 1 151 2.AF "Purfaiz" 19,7 134 536 onion 29100 1 1560 1560 1560

susp Tuychiboy 40 160 wheat 3260 1,7 89 89 89 16 64 radish 21000 0,5 67 67 67

D. Holmatov 3.Support point Ahmedov 56,25 860 4 97 250 347 347 28 1 152 145 lens

susp Somgar Munavar 134 1130 860 4 389 389 389 Usupov 28,13 860 4 60 125 185 185 29 153 2. AF "Mirzosoli" 6,32 lens

susp Mirzosalim 200 1097 860 4 377 377 377 297 28,13 5 2,5 3 37 188 125 313 313 grape Otabekov 20 2,5 3 150 600 600 600 30 153 2.AF"Muminbek" 3,22

susp Muminbek stub posts 8 35 280 280 280 D. Holmatov wire 200 4 800 800 800 60 7 43,56 5 2,5 3 37 188 250 438 110 548 grape 28 2,5 3 210 840 840 210 1050 1.AF Hakimova 31 1 154 1,3 stub posts 11 35 385 385 96 481

susp "Sharshara" Hanifat wire 300 4 1200 1200 300 1500

D. Holmatov walnut 5 38 190 190 47 237 594 56,25 5 2,5 3 37 188 250 438 438 grape Boymatov 39 2,5 3 292 1170 1170 1170 32 1 155 3.AF"Bahoriston" 9,89

susp Bohirjon stub posts 29 35 1015 1015 1015

D. Holmatov wire 160 4 640 640 640 210,25 6 2,5 3 45 225 250 475 475 grape Fayzieva 594 55 2,5 3 412 1650 1650 1650 33 1 156 2.AF "Faiz"

anch Bisharifa stub posts 16 35 560 560 560

D. Holmatov wire 425 4 1700 1700 1700

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 289 12 2,5 3 90 450 250 700 700 grape 800 38 2,5 3 285 1140 1140 1140

34 D. 1 157 2. AF "Saidovho" Saidov Suhrob

anch stub posts 18 35 630 630 630

Holmatov wire 420 4 1680 1680 1680

28 2,5 3 210 1050 250 1300 1300 grape 43,56 98 2,5 3 735 2940 2940 2940 Boboev 35 1 158 2.AF "Aminjon" 2,12 70 1167 stub posts 21 35 735 735 735

susp Aminjon wire 735 4 2940 2940 2940

D. Holmatov 10 40 corn 4590 1,6 29 29 29 43,56 6 2,5 3 45 225 250 475 475 grape 34 2,5 3 255 1020 1020 1020 Gundushkov 36 1 159 4.SE "Paloss" 1486 stub posts 7 35 245 245 245

susp Sherali wire 120 4 480 480 480

D. Holmatov 10 40 corn 4590 1,6 29 29 29 56,25 8 2,5 3 60 300 250 550 550 grape Gundushkov 594 44 2,5 3 330 1320 1320 1320

37 D. 1 160 4.SE "Paloss" 1486

susp Sherali stub posts 15 35 525 525 525

Holmatov wire 350 4 1400 1400 1400 56,25 4 2,5 3 30 150 250 400 400 grape 594 21 2,5 3 157 636 636 636 Gundushkov stub posts 13 35 455 455 455 38 1 161 4.SE "Paloss" 1486

susp Sherali wire 200 4 800 800 800 D. Holmatov

56,25 29100 1 818 250 1068 1068 onion 100 994 29100 1 2892 2892 2892 Gundushkov 56,25 5 39 195 195 195 39 1 162 4.SE "Paloss" 1486 peach susp Sherali 594 5 39 195 195 195

D. Holmatov 472 1888 wheat 3260 1,7 1046 1046 1046 12 48 lens 860 4 16 16 16 56,25 3260 1,7 156 250 406 406 Gundushkov wheat 40 1 163 4.SE "Paloss" 1486 594 3260 1,7 329 329 329

susp Sherali 30 120 carrot 21800 1 262 262 262 4.Chkalovsk Ikromiddinov 169 3260 1,7 468 250 718 718 41 1 164 8,8 barley D. Holmatov

anch LEA Jamoliddin 170 1354 3260 1,7 750 750 750 4. SE "national 70,56 3260 1,7 196 250 446 446 Bobojanov 42 1 165 garden wheat

susp Abdujalil "Vahdat"" 310 1820 3260 1,7 1120 1120 1120 4. SE "national 196 3260 1,7 543 250 793 793 Ismoil Bobojanov 43 1 166 garden wheat

anch Abdujalil "Vahdat"" 310 1914 3260 1,7 1061 1061 1061 3. OJSC Mahmudi 132,25 4500 3 893 250 1143 1143 44 1 167 rice

anch "Jumaeva" Ulugbek 240 1698 4500 3 2292 2292 2292 3. OJSC Mahmudi 70,56 4500 3 476 250 726 726 Isfisor 45 1 168 17000 rice

susp "Jumaeva" Ulugbek 510 2620 4500 3 3537 3537 3537 150 600 wheat 3620 1,7 369 369 369 Urunova 46 2.AF "Orzui nek" 13,4 net 10 10 100 100 100 Muattar Yova stub posts 2 35 70 70 70

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 1. Subsidiary Sharipov 47 70 280 lens 860 4 96 96 96 holding Temirjon Yova 2. AF 48 Jalilov Anvar 105 420 wheat 3260 1,7 233 233 233 "Abdurasul" Yova 2. AF "Juraev Juraev 49 5,28 100 400 wheat 3260 1,7 222 222 222 D." Dilshodbek Yova Toshpulotov 90 360 lucerne 5780 0,2 42 42 42 50 2. AF "Nihol" 6,24 Abdurashit Yova 100 400 barley 3260 1,7 222 222 222 100 400 lucerne 5780 0,2 46 46 46 51 2.AF "Daler" Abduev Mirali 1,75

Yova 50 200 lens 860 4 69 69 69 2. AF 52 "Goibnazarbobo" Hamroev Ihtier 6,59 100 400 corn 4590 1,6 294 294 294 Yova

lucerne 5870 0,2 46 46 46 53 2. "Abduev M." Abduev Mirali 3,94 100 400 Yova apricot 6 50 2 200 1400 1400 1400 1400 1. Subsidiary 54 Salimov Aubjon 50 100 melon 15000 2 300 300 300 holding Yova

3. LLC "Jahoni Mirholikov 55 8,15 200 800 lens 860 4 275 275 275 Sughd" Zafar Yova

1A.Subsidiary 56 Tagoev Jura horse barn 5852 5852 holding Yova

1A.Subsidiary Holmirzoev 120 180 corn 4590 1,6 353 353 353 57 holding Sharif Yova 80 360 wheat 3260 1,7 200 200 200 6 24 dogrose 11690 4 112 112 112 2.AF "Hoji 32 128 onion 29100 1 372 372 372

58 D. Boboeva Inoyat 10,2 Abdukaum" 84 336 wheat 3260 1,7 186 186 186

Holmatov 16 64 carrot 21800 1 140 140 140 Rahimov 59 3. AF "Farah" 20,3 45 180 carrot 21800 1 392 392 392 Salimjon Ishonkulov 60 2. AF "Saidbek" 3,21 100 400 wheat 3260 1,7 222 222 222 Shuhratjon Mirfayazov 61 D.Holmatov 2. AF"Muhamedov" 9,85 40 160 tomato 32870 1 526 526 526 Bahtier Total 8220 59156 4742,3 73170 5892 11118 68527 10500 179128 5466 184594

а а я "а ач "а №0213- TAJ -1: " - 220 "-аа"" а ач аа К

, ,

) ) . .

819 ) . ) (1 () 2 . К , 1011 . К

. . . (.) (.) № - . . , , . . 1 () () 1 () (2 () К К \ \ \ К 1 ( 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

1740 23 2,5 56 250 288 53 8 11,5 11,5 132.25 132 ,25

К 1 1 7

«» 1300 К 80 1740 164 2,5 409 409 20 4 +860 0,094

1740 12 2,5 31 250 15 3 403

8, 4 8, 4 70.56 70.56

К 2 1 8

«» 1300 1740 500 2,5 1251 1251 .

К 2296 К.

574 4 +580 0,2876 14, 5 14, 5 210,25 210,25 1740 36 2,5 91 250 457 707

1740 347 2,5 868 868

1336 0,1996 0,1996

334 4 +660

К 3 1 9

«» 1300 26800 1286 1, 5 1930 1930 К 0,048

К 120 4 480

3620 4 1,7 7 7

3 4 12 0,0012

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

8,4 8,4 70,,56 70,56 1740 12 2,5 31 250 153 403 К 4 1 10 К «» 1300 1580 . 1740 376 2,5 940 940 К

395 4 +580 0,216 15 15 225 225 1740 39 2,5 98 250 489 739

692 1740 271 2,5 677 677 0,1556 0,1556 173 4 +864

К 5 1 11 26800 1286 1, 5 1930 1930 «» 1300 К 120 4 480 0,048 К

4050 5 1,6 8 8

3 4 12 0,0012 7,5 7,5 56,25 56,25 3620 20 1,7 35 250 173 423

3620 177 1,7 546 546

490 0,049 6 1 12

0,15 . К 7,5 7,5 56,25 56,25 3620 20 1,7 35 173 173

3620 177 1,7 546 546

490 0,049

26800 151 1, 5 22 6 250 113 3 138 3 7,5 7,5 56,25 56,25 7 1 13 / «»

3,57 . К 26800 2235 1, 5 3352 3352 240

60 4 +594 0,0834 8,4 8,4 70,56 70,56 4050 29 1,6 46 250 229 479

28 4050 246 1,6 394 394 8 1 14 / «» 7 4 +580 0,0608 . К 1740 14 2,5 35 35

20 4 80 0,008 8,4 8,4 70,56 70,56 4050 29 1,6 46 250 229 479

1280 4050 753 1,6 1205 1205

320 4 +580 0,186

К 9 1 15 26800 429 1,5 643 643 «» 160 0,016 . К

210 4 840 0,084 1740 146 2,5 365 365

104 1 104 420 11 4620

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 8,4 8,4 70,56 70,56 20970 148 0,1 15 250 74 324

452 20970 2164 0,1 216 216 10 1 16 К 113 4 +580 0,1032 «» 1300 . К

К 80 4 320 4050 130 1,6 207 207

0,032 6 52 250 312 562

7,5 7,5 56,25 56,25

- 11 1 19 / « 40+ 24 52 1248 1248

» 0,0634 . К 10 4 594 4050 194 1,6 311 311

120 4 480 0,048

14,5 14,5 210,25 210,25 4050 85 1,6 136 250 681 931

12 1 20 / «» 1200 4050 753 1,6 1205 1205 К .

300 4 +660 0,186

8,4 8,4 70,56 70,56 1740 12 2,5 31 250 153 403

- 1488 1740 360 2,5 900 900 13 1 21 / «

0,2068 » 37 2 4 +580 . К

4050 194 1,6 311 311

12 0 4 48 0 0,048 14,7 14,7 216,09 216,09 3620 78 1,7 133 250 665 915

3620 281 1,7 478 478

К 776 0,0776 14 1 22

«» 1300 14,7 14,7 216,09 216,09 3620 78 1,7 133 665 665 К .

К 3620 281 1,7 478 478

776 0,0776 14,5 14,5 210,25 210,25 20970 441 0,1 44 250 220 470

15 1 23 / « 20970 1602 0,1 160 160 » 104+ К 0,0764 0,0764

26 4 660 14 50 700 2 1400 9800 9800 5 7,5 25 37,5 3620 14 1,7 23 250 115 365

160 3620 201 1,7 342 342

0,0556 0,0556 40 4 +396 /

2,5 7,5 18,75 18,75 26800 50 1,5 75 377 377 16 1 24 «- . К » 26800 531 1,5 796 796

198 0,0198 3620 45 1,7 76 76

31 4 124 0,0124 4 32 128 128

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 7,5 7,5 56,25 56,25 3620 20 1,7 35 250 173 423

624 3620 441 1,7 750 750 / 17 1 25 0,1218 156 4 +594

«» 75,34 . К 624 3620 441 1,7 750 750

156 4 +594 0,1218

13,0

13,05 5 170,3 170,3 1740 30 2,5 74 250 370 620 18 1 26 / «» 75,34 1740 387 2,5 969 969 . 1308 0,2227 0,2227 К 327 4 +919

11,5 11,5 132,25 132,25 20970 277 0,1 28 250 139 389

1320 20970 4690 0,1 469 469

330 4 +860 0,218

К 1740 14 2,5 35 35

19 1 27 0,008 20 4 80

«ё» 28,66 . К 3620 145 1,7 246 246 100 4 400 0,04

3620 145 1,7 246 246 100 4 400 0,04

20970 148 0, 1 15 250 74 324 8,4 8,4 70,56 70,56 20 1 28 К «» 91,33 . 244 20970 1728 0,1 173 173 К 61 4 +580 0,0824 13 13 169 169 3620 61 1,7 104 250 520 770

552 3620 498 1,7 846 846

138 4 +823 0,1375 3620 61 1,7 104 520 520

13 13 169 169

21 1 29 К 552 3620 498 1,7 846 846

0,1375

«» 91,33

. 138 4 +823 К 76 1740 257 2,5 642 642

369 4 1476 0,14

20970 1762 0,1 176 176 210 4 840 0,084

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

20970 606 0,1 61 250 303 553 17 17 289 289 К

«» 91,33

К 20970 1678 0,1 168 168 . 0,08 22 1 30 800 13 13 16 9 169 20970 354 0,1 35 250 177 427

23 1 31 20970 1726 0,1 173 173

0,19

0,0823 . 823

10 0,5 5 5 25 125 125

6,6 6,6 43,56 43,56 3620 16 1,7 27 250 134 384

24 1 46 «» 238 3620 951 1,7 1616 1616

К 2020

505 4 +607 0,2627

11,5 11,5 132,25 132,25 3620 48 1,7 81 250 407 657

25 1 47 «» 238 3620 1044 1,7 1775 1775 2024 К 506 4 +860 0,2884

245 4 980 20970 2055 0,1 206 206

26 «- К Х 0,098 1,27

К 3 50 150 2 300 2100 2100

120 4 480 3620 174 1,7 295 295 0,048 27 К 120 4 480 3620 174 1,7 295 295 0,048

170 4 680 3620 246 1,7 418 418 0,068 28 Ё «» Х К 170 4 680 3620 246 1,7 418 418 0,068

7 15 105 20970 220 0,1 22 22

0,15

29 0,0105 К 420 43 18060

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

20 4 80 3620 29 1,7 49 49 0,008

30 30 4 120 3620 43 1,7 74 74 1,13

«» ё 0,012 К

30 4 120 3620 43 1,7 74 74 0,012

31 «» 0,42 К 30 4 120 3620 43 1,7 74 74 0,012

30 4 102 4050 49 1,6 78 78 0,012

- 32 « К » К К 90 4 360 14200 511 0,5 256 256 0,036

«. 33 220 4 880 1740 153 2,5 383 383 » 0,088

80 4 320 1740 56 2,5 139 139 0,032 34 «. » К К 20 4 80 3620 29 1,7 49 49 0,008

«- 35 90 4 360 3620 130 1,7 222 222 » 0,036 К .

« – Х 36 100 4 400 4050 162 1,6 259 259 » 0,04 К .

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

«- 37 100 4 400 20970 839 0,1 84 84

» 7,46 0,04 К

Ш 5, 38 «- 140 4 560 1740 97 2,5 244 244 Ш 9 0,056 К

39 «- 50 4 200 1740 35 2,5 87 87 3,9 0,02 К

- 40 « 130 4 520 1740 90 2,5 226 226

Ш 2,22

» 0,052 К

« 200+ 41 60 4 20970 755 0,1 76 76 .» 0,66 150 0,035 К

120 4 480 1740 84 2,5 209 209 «- 0,048 42 » 6,81 К 120 4 480 4050 194 1,6 311 311 0,048

43 130 4 520 4050 211 1,6 337 337

0,052

100 4 400 4050 162 1,6 259 259 0,04

40 4 160 3620 58 1,7 99 99 44 Э 0,016

40 4 160 3620 58 1,7 99 99 0,016 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

К 45 « 4 50 4 200 4580 92 2,5 229 229 0,02

» .

. К.

46 «ё 10 35 4 140 4580 64 2,5 160 160

0,014 »

88262 15 15 225 225 600 13 1,2 16 81 250 331

600 93 1,2 111 111

680 1 1 2 «» 0,1544 170 4 +864

1800 151 1,8 272 272 210 4 840 0,084 1500 34 1,2 41 203 250 453

15 15 225 225

2 1 3 «. »

1500 250 1,2 300 300 . 800 200 4 +864 0,1664 8, 1500 11 1,2 13 64 250 314

8,4 4 70,56 70,56

440 1500 153 1,2 184 184 «

3 1 4 0,102 110 4 +580 .»

1800 65 1,8 117 117 90 4 360 0,036 13,0 13,05 5 170,3 170,3 1800 31 1,8 55 276 250 526

1800 241 1,8 434 434 480 4 1 5 0,1399 «-1» 120 4 +919

1500 138 1,2 166 166 230 4 920 0,092

а а я "а ач "а №0213- TAJ -1: " - 220 "-аа"" . а а К

) )

() () (1819

№ . . . \ /

) . ) () , 2 , . К 1011 . К (.) (.) /, /, - . . , , . . () (2 () К К К ( 1 ( 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

7,5 7,5 56,25 56,25 3260 18 1,7 31 250 156 406

51 «

1 1 48

Ё 2320 3260 950 1,7 1615 1615

» 580 4 +594 0,2914 14,5 14,5 210 .25 210 ,25 29100 612 1 612 250 3059 3309

2 1 54 214 Ё «» 29100 6146 1 6146 6146 1452 363 4 +660 0,2112 8, 4 8, 4 70.56 70,56 3260 23 1,7 39 250 196 446

1456 3260 664 1,7 1128 1128

3 1 55 364 4 +580 0,2036 214 Ё «» . 4590 110 1,6 176 176 60 4 240 0,024 4590 78 1,6 124 250 620 870 13 13 169 169

214

280 4590 431 1,6 690 690 0,094 4 1 56 70 4 +660 Ё «» 3260 65 1,7 111 111 50 4 200 0,02

1 104 104

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 14,5 14,5 210 .25 210,25 5780 122 0,2 25 250 25 275

5780 381 0.2 76 76 5 1 57 «» Ё .

0,066 6 50 300 2 600 4200 4200 660

14,5 14,5 210 .25 210 ,25 860 18 4 72 250 72 322

6 1 58 Ё 400

860 91 4 365 365

100 4 +660 0,106 2 104 208 250 458

8,4 8,4 70,,56 70,56

7 1 59 Ё «»

. 4 104 416 416 580 0,058

7,5 7,5 56,25 56 ,25 8 50 400 2 800 250 5600 5850

8 1 61 256 Ё «К» . 800 4 7 28 15 420 2100 2100

200 4 +580 0,138

11,5 11,5 132,25 132,25 6 50 300 2 600 250 4200 4450

9 50 450 2 900 6300 6300

0,086 860

9 1 71 . 5469 Ё ..

20 10 200

2 35 70 6,6 6,6 43,56 43,56 3260 14 1,7 24 250 121 371

10 1 74 К «. Ё » 3260 263 1,7 447 447 . 200+

50 4 607 0,0807

6,6 6,6 43,56 43,56 8 38 304

11 1 91 / Ё «» 2,29 . 10 38 380

607 0,0607

13,05 13,05 170,3 170,3 4 50 200 2 400 250 2800 3050

12 1 92 / « Ё » 2,04 5 50 250 2 500 3500 3500 1319 1319 0, 100 4 1319

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 17 17 289 289 3 104 312 250 312 562 3 46 138 138

1 38 38 38

2 50 100 2 200 1400 1400

1 100 800 1 37 37 / Ё

13 . 17 17 289 289 3260 94 1 94 471 471

20 10 200

26 5,25 137

К 20 2 40

1 50 50 2 100 250 700 950

7,5 7,5 56,25 56,25

14 1 138 «» 134

. 3 50 150 2 300 2100 2100

600+ 1194 0,

. . 150 4 594

8,4 8,4 70,56 70,56 860 6 4 24 250 121 371

520 860 95 4 378 378 0,11 15 1 139 130 4 +580 . 6 10 60

. 2 35 70 15 15 225 225 3260 73 1,7 125 250 623 873

1140 285 4 3260 653 1,7 1111 1111 16 1 140 +864 2004

/ «» 0,

8,85 .

. 100 4 400 29100 1164 1 1164 1164 0,04

6,6 6,6 43,56 43,56 3260 14 1,7 24 250 121 371

3260 289 1,7 492 492 17 1 141 «. 280+ 0887 220 К» 70 4 607 0, .

. . 29100 1164 1 1164 1164 100 4 400 0,04

7,5 7,5 56,25 56,25 29100 164 1 164 250 818 1068

/ « 18 1 142 » 10,21 29100 4638 1 4638 4638 .

1000 0,1594 0,1594

. 250 4 +594

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 7,5 7,5 56,25 56,25 12 2,5 30 3 90 250 450 700

95 2,5 238 3 712 2850 2850 143 / 0594 19 1 594 0,

«» 3,67 . . 18 35 630

. 250 4 1000

7,5 7,5 56,25 56,25 1 50 50 2 100 250 700 950

20 . 1 144 / «» 14,57 8 50 400 2 800 5600 5600 . 1394 1394

800+ 0, 200 4 594 7,5 7,5 56,25 56,25 5 50 250 2 500 250 3500 3750

. 2 40 80 6 480 2400 2400

0594 0594

+594 0, 21 1 145 / «. » 9,0 . 29100 931 1 931 931 . 80 4 320 0,032 .

3260 156 1.7 266 266

120 4 480 0,048 7,5 7,5 56,25 56,25 18 2,5 45 3 135 250 675 925

72 2,5 180 3 540 2160 2160

80 0674

К 0, 22 1 146 20 4 +594 «» 8,2 . 12 35 420

. 420 4 1680 1680 1680

3260 18 1.7 31 250 156 406 7,5 7,5 56,25 56,25 23 1 147

«» 1,10 . 3260 274 1.7 467 467

248 0842 . 0, . 62 4 +594 13,05 13,05 170,3 170,3 2 50 100 2 200 250 1400 1650

919 4 50 200 2 400 2800 2800

0,0919 24 1 148 13,05 13,05

«» 10,03 170,3 170,3 20000 341 0,5 171 852 852 .

. 20000 2558 0,5 1279 1279

360+ 1279

90 4 919 0, 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 6,6 6,3 41,58 41,58 10 2,5 25 3 75 250 375 625

21 2,5 52 3 158 630 630 1 0483

25 / 149 483 0,

«» 1,38 .

10 35 350 . 180 4 720 6,6 0,3 1,98 1,98

28 2,5 70 3 210 1050 1050

1 0124 26 / 149 124 0, «» 1,38 2 .

8 35 420

. 150 4 600 7,5 7,5 56,25 56,25 18 31,4 1,5 594 250 594 844

105 1,5 3465 80 0674

20 4 +594 0, 1

29100 1560 1 1560 1560

27 151 0,0536 134 4 536

«» 19,65 .

. 3260 52 1.7 89 89 40 4 160 0,016

21000 134 0.5 67 67

16 4 64 0,0064

7,5 7,5 56,25 56,25 860 5 4 20 250 97 347

28 1 152 ѓ 145 536+

. 860 97 4 389 389

134 4 594 0,113

3,75 7,5 28,13 28,13 860 3 4 12 125 60 185 1

29 . / 153

6,32 «» 860 94 4 377 377

800+ 1097

200 4 297 0,

3,75 7,5 28,13 28,13 5 2,5 13 3 38 125 188 313

1 20 2,5 50 3 150 600 600 30 / 153

3,22 «» 8 35 280 0297 0297

2 0, . +297 200 4 800 800

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 6,6 6,6 43,56 43,56 5 2,5 13 3 38 250 188 438

28 2,5 70 3 210 840 840

11 35 385 385 31 1 154 1,3 «» 0607 0607 300 4 1200 1200 0, . . 5 38 190 190 607

7,5 7,5 56,25 56,25 5 2,5 13 3 38 250 188 438

39 2,5 98 3 293 1170 1170 32 1 15 5

9,89 «» 29 35 1015 0594 0594 0, . . +594 160 4 640

14,5 14,5 210,25 210,25 6 2,5 15 3 45 250 225 475

55 2,5 138 3 413 1650 1650

33 1 15 6 «» 16 35 560 0594 0594 0, . . 660 425 4 1700

17 17 289 289 12 2,5 30 3 90 250 450 700

38 2,5 95 3 285 1140 1140

34 1 15 7 «»

18 35 630 0,08 . . 800 420 4 1680 6,6 6,6 43,56 43,56 28 2,5 70 3 210 250 1300 1300

98 2,5 245 3 735 2940 2940

21 35 735 1167 35 1 15 8 0,

2,12 735 «» 70 8 1167 4 2940 . 4590 18 1,6 29 29 10 4 40 0,004 6,6 6,6 43,56 43,56 6 2,5 15 3 45 250 225 475 34 2,5 85 3 255 1020 1020

7 35 245 36 1 15 9 К 0607 0,

1486 «» 607 120 4 480 . 4590 18 1,6 29 29

10 4 40 0,004

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

7,5 7,5 56,25 56,25 8 2,5 20 3 60 250 300 550

44 2,5 110 3 330 1320 1320 37 1 160 К

1486 «» 15 35 525 0594 0594 0, . +594 350 4 1400

7,5 7,5 56,25 56,25 4 2,5 10 3 30 250 150 400

21 2,5 53 3 159 636 636 38 1 161 К

1486 «» 13 35 455 0594 0594 0, . . +594 200 4 800 7,5 7,5 56,25 56,25 29100 164 1 164 250 818 1068

29100 2892 1 2892 2892 400+ 0994 100 4 594 0, 7,5 7,5 56,25 56,25 5 39 195

К 5 39 195

39 1 162 0594

«» 1486 . 0, +594 . 3260 615 1,7 1046 1046

1888 1888

472 4 1888 0,

860 4 4 16 16

12 4 48 0,0048 7,5 7,5 56,25 56,25 3260 18 1,7 31 250 156 406

3260 194 1,7 329 329 40 1 163 К 0594 0,

«» 1486 . +594

. 21800 262 1 262 262

30 4 120 0,012

3260 55 1,7 94 250 468 718

13 13 169 169 41 1 164 . 8,8

3260 441 1,7 750 750 1354 1354 680+ 0,

. . 170 4 674

3260 23 1,7 39 250 196 446 8,4 8,4 70,56 70,56 « 42 1 165 1240 3260 659 1,7 1120 1120

«»» 310 4 +580 0,182

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

13 13 196 196 3260 64 1,7 109 250 543 793 «

43 1 166 3260 624 1,7 1061 1061 1240

«»» 310 4 +674 0,1914 4500 60 3 179 250 893 1143

11,5 11,5 132,25 132,25

44 1 167 «» 4500 764 3 2292 2292 960+ 17 000 17 000 240 4 738 0,1698

8,4 8,4 70,56 70,56 4500 32 3 95 250 476 726 45 1 168 «» 2040 4500 1179 3 3537 3537 . 17 0000 17 0000 0,262 510 4 +580

150 4 600 3620 217 1,7 369 369 0,06 « 46 10 10 100 100

Ё » 13,4

2 35 70

47 Ш 70 4 280 860 24 4 96 96 Ё

0,028

Д 48 105 4 420 3260 137 1,7 233 233 Ё «» 0,042

« Д 8 49 100 4 400 3260 130 1,7 222 222 Ё 5,2 .» Д 0,04

90 4 360 5780 208 0,2 42 42

0,036 50 «»

Ё 6,24 100 4 400 3260 130 1,7 222 222 0,04

100 4 400 5780 231 0,2 46 46 51 «» 0,04 Ё 1,75

50 4 200 860 17 4 69 69

0,02

Х 52 100 4 400 4590 184 1,6 294 294

Ё «» ё 6,59 0,04

« 5780 231 0,2 46 46

53 1 . 57 100 4 400 0,04 .» 3,94 2 50 100 2 200 1400 1400 Ё

54 50 4 100 15000 150 2 300 300 0,01

55 « 200 4 800 860 69 4 275 275

Ё 8,15 0,08 » 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

56 Д 5852 Ё .

120 4 480 4590 220 1,6 353 353

0,048 57 Х Ё Ш 80 4 360 3260 117 1,7 200 200

0,036

6 4 24 11690 28 4 112 112

0,0024 0,0024

32 4 128 29100 372 1 372 372

0,0128 0,0128 58 «

» 10,22

. 84 4 336 3260 109 1,7 186 186

0,0336 0,0336

16 4 64 21800 140 1 140 140

0,0064 0,0064

59 «» 45 4 180 21800 392 1 392 392

20,3

0,018

60 100 4 400 3260 130 1,7 222 222 «» Ш 3,21 0,04 .

61 40 4 160 32870 526 1 526 526 9,85

«» ё 0,016 .

171 9 28 Итого оотетт теоя ткоо к тя епеечлеы л доплчетя % от уы копе: Яеко Ууло % = оо оо % = оо Хко Хт % = оо Итоо: 5466 оо Вего по аоу: 184 594 оо

Attachment F

Barki Tojik - Fichtner Consult: Social Safeguards for 220 kV line Kairakum Substation to Sughd 500 kV Substation

SOCIO-ECONOMIC QUESTIONNAIRE

Introduction to interviewer: - Start with your short presentation and presentation of project: Barki Tojik will construct a new 220 kV electricity line in order to improve electricity supply in Sughd region. Although much care is invested in identifying a suitable line corridor, construction of line will affect some agricultural areas (some permanent losses but mainly temporary damages during civil works). But no houses will be damaged. All losses and damages will be assessed by a committee and fully compensated. - In order to know better about the area and the population we carry out a socio-economic survey based on 100 hh. Your household has been selected although this does not mean that you personally will be affected by line construction. This is even most unlikely. Please know that the survey is absolutely anonymous and we neither will take your name nor your phone number or address. So please be so kind to provide us with accurate information.

Q 1 Head of household is male [ ] female [ ]

Q 2 Marital status of head of household married [ ] unmarried [ ] divorced [ ] widowed [ ]

Q 3 Age and physical condition of head of household age: ….. years working age [ ] pensioner [ ] handicapped [ ]

Q 4 Head of household belongs to ethnic group of:……………………..

Q 5 Highest educational degree of head of household No school at all [ ] Only primary school [ ] Secundary school [ ] University diploma [ ]

Q 6 Number of household members: total: … out of these male: … out of these female: … out of these children under 16: … out of these persons above 63: …

Q 7 Principal source of income of household: Agriculture [ ] Government employment [ ] Private employment [ ] Self-employment [ ] Transfer from migrants [ ] Social aid transfers [ ]

Q 8 How many members of the household are work migrants (i.e. absent for more than 2- 3 month per year)? Nobody: [ ] The following number: …

Q9 Household owns agricultural land (various categories in Sotih): Owns no land at all: [ ] Owns house garden: .…Sotih Owns total farm land (without house garden): .…Sotih - Out of it land with grapes, fruit trees: .…Sotih - Out of it presidential land: …Sotih Household has land within collective farm but not a designated “own” piece of land in this farm: [ . ]

Q 10 What is the average monthly income of the households? ……..TJS (Please ask about employment, pensions, transfers from migrants, income from agriculture and animals, other income such as gifts from family, social aid payments, etc.) Give them time to answer and tell that this questionnaire is absolutely anonymous and nobody will know about the individual answer

Q 11 Main source of drinking water of houshold is: piped water supply in house [ ] Public standpost [ ] Public handpump [ ] Private well [..] Aryk [ ] River, stream [ ] Buy water from retailers [ ]

Q 12 Toilet facility of household is water flush toilet in house [ ] pit latrine [ ] go to field [ ]

Q 13Household has Bathroom with flowing water [ ] Traditional bathroom with water carried in buckets [ ] No special bathroom [ ]

Q 14 Garbage disposal of household organized by state administration [ ] dumped into holes [ ] launched somewhere [ ]

Q 15 Main source of energy for preparing meals during year is mainly fire wood [ ] bottled gas [ ] electricity [ ]

Q 16 How is the electricty supply of the household? During summer months: good [ ] fair [ ] poor [ ] Durim winter months: good [ ] fair [ poor [ ]]

Q 17 The household owns the following appliances: Color TV set [ ] Mobile phone [ ] Stereo/DVD player [ ] Refrigerator [ ] Electrical stove [ ] Microwave [ ] Computer [ ] Airconditioner [ ] Car [ ] Motorbike [ ] Washing machine [ ] Electrical heater [ ] Tractor [ ] Lorry [ ]

Q 18 House of family is Traditional (mainly earth) [ ] Simple modern (bricks, cement) [ ] Somehow luxurious, big [ ]

Q 19 All in all the household members would consider themselves as: Very poor, there is sometimes even not enough food available [ ] Poor, but no food and only few clothing problems [ ] Middle (low), enough money for food, clothing, health care, school, to buy TV [ ] Middle (upper), enough money even for some luxurious objects like small car, laptop, tablet PC, computer, air conditioner [ ] Good, can run a middle/upper class car or own modern house [ ] Thank you for answering our questions!