Forestry Kaimin, 1930

THE FORESTRY KA1MIN 1915-1930 MONTANA STATE UNIVERSITY The School of : OF THE State Univ MISSOULA, MONTANA OFFERS to a limited number of students Graduate and Research work to those who can show satisfactory attainment in their undergraduate work in Forestry or who are desirous of completing re search in the forest problems of the Northern Rock ies. An ample equipment and laboratory facilities are provided for research workers. Undergraduate. A four-year course leading to the De gree of Bachelor of Science in Forestry with speciali zation in Public Service Forestry, Logging Engineer ing or Range Management. For information address The School of Forestry STATE UNIVERSITY MISSOULA, MONTANA PLEASE MENTION THE FORESTRY KAIMIN THE FORESTRY KAIMIN 1930 Published Annually by THE FORESTRY CLUB of THE STATE UNIVERSITY OF MONTANA at , Missoula, Montafia Barry C. Park ............................................... Editor Floyd Phillips and Jack White..........................................-.... Assistant Editors Fred Blaschke and Fred Mass......................................................................... Art John T. Mathews ....................... Sports John F. Aiton Business Manager Lawerence Neff ............................................... Assistant Business Manager Robert Cooney Circulation Manager CONTENTS A New Era In Forest Mapping.......................................................................... 7 The Coyote (Poem)..........................................,......................... 12 The Cork Oak in Its Natural Habitat.............. IB Goofus Birds ............................................................................................................. 17 Nice People (Poem)..................................... 21 Selling Forestry ........................................................................................ 22 Fishing for Fun ........... 25 I Am a Fisherman...................................................... 28 Livestock Ranges in the Intermountain Region......................................... 29 Beneath Montana Skies ......................................................................................... 33 Lookout for What ........................................ 34 A Quarter Century of Silviculture in the Western White Pine Type 3(1 Bert Shephard (Poem) ................................................................... :...................... 42 Scrub ........................................................................................................................... 43 Dust On the Trail (Poem)..................................................................................... 47 Trees in Winter Garb ....................................... 48 The Editor's Page ..................... ,.......................... 50 Montana Druids ....................................................................................................... 51 Forestry Club ......................................................................................... ,......... 52 Annual Foresters’ Hike........................................................................................... 53 Forest School Rifle Club............................ 53 Seniors .............................. 55 Montana Tractor School ........................ 56 The Wyoming Night ...................................................................................... 57 The Foresters’ Ball ................................................................... 59 Athletics ........................................................................... 61 Our Tradition—Kirkwood Memorial Grove.................................................... 62 Spring Camp ............................................................................................................. 63 One Ranger’s Diary................................................................................................. 66 Bacon (Poem) ......................................................................................................... 81 Alumni and Forest School Directory ................................................................ 92 f a y G. CLA RK To one of the gang, Professor Fay G. Clark. “ Believe it or not” We, the members of the Forest Club, dedicate this issue of the Forestry Kaimin. The Staff X e ff A ito n P a r k Phillips Mathews C o o n ey B la sc h k e M a s s W h ite 1930 THE FORESTRY KA1MIN A NEW ERA IN FOREST MAPPING? By Howard R. Flint. District One, United States Forest Service. Map making methods appear not unlikely to be entering a new era; an era in which modern mechanical devices will play a part scarcely dreamed of fifteen years ago, but ever so slightly realized today, promising rich rewards for the solution of a few problems tomorrow. The new method has its foundation in the recognition of the fact that a map is, or should be, a picture of a part of the earth’s surface. This fact was recognized and re lated to the white magic of photography at least a century ago and, as long ago as 1854, it appears that the photographic camera was applied in practical fashion to the making of surveys and maps.1 Aerial photography is said to have a history of over 60 years; pigeons, rockets, kites, and balloons being utilized to carry cameras aloft in some of the earlier experiments.2 Progress in making maps from photographs appears to have been slow and the method seems to have been relatively little used in everyday map making during nearly a century following the discovery of the method. Came the World War and a newr and urgent need for maps of hostile territory that could not be mapped by ordinary methods. Into the struggle entered the air plane, a marvelous machine, still new, and for which but little practical use had been found. As a means of securing intelligence for military operations, the airplane soon proved its work but still left much to be desired in the way of securing maps. Its speed, and certain other limitations, prevented the use of the ordinary instruments and methods of surveying. Literally, lifted from oblivion and carried aloft on the “ wings of progress,” the photographic camera took a place in securing an instantaneous and reliable record of the remarkable detail that an observer could see from an airplane. In the original phototopographic work, perspective views only were obtained. The reduction of these perspectives to horizontal projections or plans, made to scale, was attended with considerable difficulty and error. The airplane made it practicable, within reasonable, broad limita tions, to carry the camera to any desired height above the area to be photographed and to take a picture with the camera pointed straight downward. Such a picture, taken with the camera level over a level terrain is, for practical purposes, aplan of the area included in the photograph. From it, scale may be determined or calculated and the true or approximate relation of features to one another established. The picture may be used directly as a map or from the picture a conventional line map may be drawn to any desired scale and used as a means of directing operations. Given a suitable airplane and camera, such a picture-map well ’HIGGINS, A. Lj., Photography. 11)26. London: Cambridge University Press. 2 REEVES, DACHE M., Aerial Photographs. 1927. New York: Ronald Press C o m p a n y . 8________ THE FORESTRY K AIM IN 1930 adapted to certain forms of use, may be made from a height of two or three miles above the terrain without the surveyor ever having come closer to it than that. The picture can be taken and finished in a few hours and placed in the hands of staff officers on the same day. For military operations the advantages of such a process are obvious. Clearly, too, it may have some advantages for the progressive forester. So apparent to the few men who became intimate with them during the war were the advantages of aerial photographic map ping methods that the close of the war found a number of en thusiastic pioneers in several nations engaged in the improvement and perfection of aerial mapping methods and equipment. Prog ress along several lines was rapid and substantial. Cameras were greatly improved. In some of the cameras, American ones in particular, films of marvelous speed and sensitivity took the place of the heavier, and more delicate plates. These films, aided by ray filters and flawless lenses, work magic through thousands of feet of hazy air. Hard, fine grained printing paper yields prints sharp in contrast, clear in detail. Equipment was devised for rectifying tilted pictures. The old-fashioned parlor stereoscope, well-night forgotten by the older generation, unknown to the younger, was dragged out, dusted, tested, then recreated into a real instrument having uncanny power, over properly paired flat pictures, to give the hills contour, the trees height, and the gulches depth. Instruments still more intricate and remarkable make it possible today accurately to place contour lines on the pictures. One enterprising manufacturer designed and built a plane specially for photographic work: Great inherent stability in the air, unusual visibility forward and downward for the pilot, a roomy closed cabin to protect the photographer and pilot, ample ceiling.’ wide cruising range, and large load capacity, these are some of the outstanding requirements which he strove to meet. I he power plant must be ample, dependable, enduring. Field methods have, perhaps, changed less in the last few years than equipment. The flying for aerial

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