T E S T S o N . N 6 ! T S F O R T U D E . 1

D e' G E N E R A L E D I T C A ROL I NE A . S KE E L . O R S : . J ,

W H I TN . D L H W a rm D D . E Y D D C . . P . . 1. , . ! . ,

SELECT IONS FROM

T H E T E LL EL - A MA RN A L ETT E RS

C H ANDCO CK M A PE R Y , .

- - BA RRI S T E R A T I . A W

FO RM E R LY ASS I ST A NT T O T HE K E E P E R O F BG V PT I A N AN D A S S YR I A N S B I I I S H M S E A N T I ! UI T I E , R U UM

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NEW YORK : THE MACMILLAN COMPANY

S E LE CTION S F ROM TH E

TE L L E L - A M A RN A L ETTE RS

INTRODU CTION

I N 1887 ella rm d i in ell El , some f l , gg g at a spot called T Am 170 m iles C r of arna, about south of ai o, the site A etaton Horiz on A h ( of ton) , the new capital built by Am enh ete IV E D p . of the ighteenth ynasty , in honour of

- m the sun god , came upon a cha ber containing several hundred clay tablets inscribed with cuneiform characters U d nhappily, the value of this iscovery was not at the time e L realis d , and a number were carried in sacks to uxor to be b m a and hawked a out a ong the de lers, were largely broken h 2 9 . T e 0 or damaged on the way remainder, some , found

their way into museums or private collections, and on examination were found to form part of the official

ete 0 . 14 1 1 B. O. o Am en . archives of h p III ( ) and his success r, e 0 1 3 7 5 for n . Am ehet p IV . ( and to consist , the most t part , of le ters addressed to these kings by local rulers , and by the i ndependent rulers of the Kingdoms of Western

Asia . Th e t la ter , numbering about forty, are mainly from K Kard unia sh B A i the ings of abylonia) , ssyr a, the tt t M Alash ia C Hi i es, the itanni , and yprus) , and are ’ s m t es entially diplo atic in charac er, the writers principal object in each case being to preserve friendly relations h with t eKing of Egypt . 4 SELECTIONS FROM THE

Th eletters from the local rul ers in Canaa n are of im mense value for the histo ry of Syria during the latter part of the fifteenth and the early part of the fourteenth fl B. C. i s c s centuries , and re ect the causes and c rcum tan e which led up to the disintegration of the Egyptian Em pire A h e r n t in Western sia. T y reveal a count y seethi g wi h i c t intr gue and fa tion, which the Egyptian Governmen was to s either unable suppress , or the serious con e! uences of e l which it utt rly fai ed to realise . Th etrouble partly arose from the activity of the A o i o Hittites, an nat l an people of whom c mparatively little is at present known , who were pressing their way into Northern Syria another contributing ca use being the pre s of in t d atory operation the Habiru the sou h , to whom

- Abdi hiba of Jerusalem refers so fre! uently, and for pro tection against who m he implores the King of Egypt so 6 8 earnestly (see pp . , Abd i iba So far as can be gathered , b , the Governor of E s Jerusalem, maintained his loyalty to gypt, but in thi a to His respect he appe rs have been almost uni! ue . letters indicate the danger as both wides pread and imminent . th eK He entreats ing of Egypt to send troops , and adds ! ” r that if no troops arrive this year, all the count ies of the king will be utterly destroyed . ' Th eidentification of the name gabzrfi wi th Hebrews has n bee largely canvassed of late years , and the theory has o gained a go d deal of support among scholars . Whether this theory will ultimately be substantiated beyond all m i reasonable doubt or not re a ns to be seen , but the id enti fi tion ca of the Habiru with the Hebrews , who so journed i a in Egypt and made good the r esc pe at the Exodus , is s m very precariou , even assu ing the identification of the B names, and involves the repudiation of the iblical tradi tion which in th em ain there is no reason to sus pect— but a w e every reason, arch eological and other ise, to acc pt. TELL EL- AMARNA LETTERS 5

na m es Assuming the identification of the , then the Hebrews m l Habiru, or , entioned in these etters must refer to tribes which had either stayed behind at the time of the a r Isr elite immig ation into Egypt, or else had made their o way from Egypt some tw hundred years or so before . One n of the tablets, of which a translation is give below (p . is of exceptional interest, as it was found at

La T El - A n chish , and obviously belongs to the ell mar a s ri M Zim rid a ees . ention is made therein of , Governor of

La T El- A chish , who in one of the ell marna letters professes E loyalty to the gyptian king, and is also referred to in one ’ A - of bdi biba s letters (see p . Oneof the most interesting features about these letters is f that they are all written in the cunei orm script, and it is not merely that a Babylonian king himself uses the Babylonian script and language 1 in corresponding with K E M C the ing of gypt, but kings of the itanni and yprus , P and the local Egyptian Governors in alestine, do likewise , which shows clearly that Babylonian was the lingua franca — of the Near East at that time a striking testimony to the enduring influence of Babylonian culture in Canaan and the neighbouring countries . But B although written in the abylonian language, there C n are sporadic occurrences of a aanite words, sometimes by d i themselves , and sometimes a ded by way of explanat on of B C the abylonian e! uivalent, and these anaanite words are almost identical with Hebrew. Th etranslations given below in the main follow thoseof

- . A Kn ud tz n eEl Am a a l . o Di rn Ta en J ( f ) , which takes the ’ ’ place of Hugo Winckler s edition (Kcilznsc/m ftlich eBiblio

fl wk v . 1896 t , , ) as the standard edi ion .

P . II.

1 A S m t n u l d to H but not t i e i ic la g age al ie ebrew identical wi h t. 6 SELECTIONS FROM THE

rom Abdi - ba o erusa lem to th eKin Bei lin VA F i f J g ( , .

Th .

To m A - the king, y lord , hath spoken bdi h iba , thy servant At the feet of my lord seven times and s e ven ti m es d o ‘ iell m I . I have heard all the words which the king, y r B o h lo d , has sent . ! eh ld! the deed , w ich has 61511 0 what shall I news brought to th e l Let i t city Ki ti . the k ng know hat all lands have leagued in hostility against me ; let the king therefore care for

. B s th et o his land ehold , the territory of Ga ri , errit ry of L t m As hkelon , and the city of a!chish! , have given he oil, i et i o . L f od , and all their necessar es the k ng therefore carefor the troops ! Let him send troops against th e people who have committed a crime against the king, my in lord If this year there are troops here , then will the th e land and the local ruler!s! remain to king , my lord ; o s but if there are no tro p here, then there will remain no

lands and n o local rulers to the king . — Beh old this land of Jerusalem neither my father nor my mother gave it to me ; the mighty han d of the king

. B Milkil u gave it to me ehold , this deed is the deed of , of L h and the deed the sons of a aya, who have given the B 0 land of the king to the Habiru . ehold, king , my lord , t I am innocent as regards the Kas hi. Lethe king ask th e ed t officers if the house is very mighty Inde , hey have as pired to perpetrate a very wicked cri m e ; they h ave taken their implements and s ent to the land

servant ; let the king take heed to them, that they support Let the lands with their hand . the king demand for them o t P much f od, much oil , and many garmen s , until auru , the ’

s f oes . king o ficer, g up to Jerusalem

1 u li sh A and n l Der m onta d wnd van P b ed by bel Wi ck er, f f El n s l W ckler 1 . T t Keil i m No. 03 m m ch ri l A m a a, ra a ed by , fl zbh c Bibl io

180 and Knud tz on D eEZ- Am a th elc V . No . i n l n No . , . by , r a Tafe . 287 . TELL EL- AMARNA LETTERS 7

A in daja is revolt together with the garrison , the L t n A officer the king . e the ki g know that daja s ! B o not aid to me : eh ld , let me depart, but do thou th e leave it ( city) . In this year send me a garrison , send k the officer of the ing . I sent to the king, my lord, asiru 3 18 (l) bearers for the caravans of the A Let king ; they were ta ken in the fields of jalon . the king, my lord , know that I am unable to send caravans to — o B the king, my lord this for thy inf rmation . ehold , the king has set his name in the land of Jerusalem for ever, therefore he cann o t leave th eland of Jerusalem in the lurch . To A the scribe of the king, my lord , hath spoken bdi

: At . hiba, thy servant thy feet I fall I am thy servant . B m . An ring clearly before the king, y lord, these words

. And officer of the king am I . I am an evil deed h as K been done against me by the people of ash . I was K all but slain by the people of ash in my house . Let th e s s king ask even times and seven time the king, to my lord , me .

r A bdi- ziba o Jerusalem to theKin Belin V om f g , A. F f' ( r

Th .

T A - o the king, my lord , hath spoken bdi hiba, thy servant t A the feet of my lord , the king, seven times and seven times do I fall . What have I done to the king, my lord ! T hey have slandered me before the king, my lord !saying! ” - A . B bdi hiba has revolted from the king, his lord ehold , as for me , neither my father nor my mother appointed me Th e in this place . mighty hand of the king introduced me

1 ub sh e A e and in Der m on ta el m d P li d by b l W ckler, f fi van E7

- m m No . 1 02 . T ns t Knud tz on E l A m na A a a , ra la ed by , ie ar Ta eln D f ,

2 86 and A . Un nad in G ossm nn A ll orienta lis No. by g r a , ch eTe! te a nd

- d r z u m A lt n T st m nt . 132 3 . Bil e e e a e , pp 8 SELECTIONS FROM THE

’ o o into my father s h use . Why sh uld I commit an offence i n m ! k o against the k g, y lord So long as the ing, my l rd , l of th e ! ives will I say to the officer king , my lord : Why ” do you like the Habirii and hate the lo cal rulers 1 For m o this reason they slander me before the king, y l rd . ! B : Th e o o ecause I say territ ry of the king, my l rd, will be m ruined, therefore am I slandered before the king, y et m . L lord the king, my lord, know that the king, y Eenh am u lord, had established a garrison , but has E taken it . gypt king, my lord there is Ma no garrison there . y the king care for his land May n ! Th e the ki g care for his land lands of the king, my Ilim ilku lord , have all fallen away . is destroying the entire Ma r land of the king . y the lo d care for h is land ! I ! o say : I will go before the king, my l rd, and see the eyes ” . But r of the king, my lord the enemies are powe ful am n m against me, and I u able to go before the king, y l ord . So may it seem right to the king to send garrison o troops, and I will g and see the eyes of the king, my o ! l rd So long as the king, my lord , lives, when an officer : ! Th e goes forth , I shall say lands of the king, my lord , But ou m e All are going to ruin . y do not listen to . the local governors are lost ; there remains not one lo cal

o . governor t the king, my lord k h is 0 0 s Let the ing turn face to the tr p , and let the king, 0 0 ! to i my lord, send tr ps No territory remains the k ng, Th e in my lord . Habiru are devastat g all the lands of the king . If there be troops in this year, then the lands will ’ ’ m o re ain the king s, my l rd s but if no troops arrive, the o To lands of the king, my lord, are l st . the scribe of the

: A d - B king, my lord b i hiba, thy servant . ring clearly o o s : All th e a s before the king, my l rd , !these! w rd l nd of

m o to n . the king, y lord , are g ing rui TELL EL - AMARNA LETTERS 9

- em to th eKin Berlin VA rom Abdi iba o erusal . F h f J g ( ,

Th .

TO A the king, my lord, my sun , hath spoken thus bdi At h iba, thy servant . the feet of the king, my lord, seven B times and seven times do I fall . ehold , the king , my

d h is m E . lor , hath set na e upon the ast and upon the West e It is a wick dness which they have wrought against me . 2 B not u offi cer ehold, I am a local r ler, I am an of the king,

. B my lord ehold, I am a shepherd of the king, and one

. nor who brings tribute to the king Neither my father,

my mother, !but! the mighty hand of the king, hath ’ s i n establi hed me my father s house came to me .

. u I gave him ten slaves into his hand When Sh ta , the

- officer of the king, came to me , I gave him twenty one maidservants and eighty (2) asiru gave I into the u th e L hand of Sh ta , as a present for king, my lord . et the king care for his land ! Th ewhole land of the king T will be lost . hey have assumed hostilities against me (7)

As e - far as the territory of Sh ri , as far as Ginti kirmil , it o Z g es well with all the local rulers ( ), and hostility prevails 3 ! But against me . If one could see I do not see the eyes

of the king, my lord, because hostility is established

against me . When there was a ship on the sea, and the Na rim a K B mighty hand of the king held b and apasi . ut ' now abirii T the H hold the cities of the king . here is no a u B loc l r ler left to the king, my lord all are lost . ehold, Tu rbaz u h as been slain in th egate of Zilu yet the king n B Zim rid a L does othing . ehold , of achish , his servants

h im u I a ti - A have slaughtered the Habir , p h dda, has

1 u l s h A and n l Th onta el u f P b i ed by bel Wi ck er , Der f f nd von E l

A na o 1 04 . ns l t b Knu d tz on - m N . T E l A ar , ra a ed y , ie m a rm z Ta el n D f ,

’ No 2 88 and Un n ad in Gress m ann A ll or et ; by g , en a l isch eTas te a nd

i c er . B l l 1 33 . , p 2 An Egyptian w ord . 3 Th em n n o f th s n is v u ou s ea i g i li e ery d bi . 10 SELECTIONS FROM THE

2 110 n been slain in the gate of ; yet the ki g does nothing . Let n the ki g take care for his land, and let the king give his atten tion in regard to tr0 0 ps for the land of o m tribute For if no tro ps co e in this year , all the i m s lands of the k ng, y lord, will be destroyed and in ruin . T m th e hey ust not say before the king , my lord, that land o t o of the king , my l rd , is des r yed, and all the local rulers o y are destroyed . If no tro ps arrive in this ear, then let the king send an officer to take me to theewith m y m o brothers , and we will die with the king , y l rd .

To A - the scribe of the king, my lord , thus bdi hiba, thy h B r servant : At t y feet I fall down . ring these wo ds Th clearly before the king, my lord . y son and thy servant am I .

erusale to theKi Berli rom Abdt iba o m n n VA . F h f J g ( ,

Th .

h ath s oken A - To the king, my lord , p thus, bdi hiba , thy At m servant . the feet of the king , my lord , seven ti es and

B o M - re seven times I fall . eh ld , hath not ilki lim ’ ’ La ba a s Arz a a s m volted to y sons and to y , so as to clai the land of the king for them i' A prince who has done this deed— why does not the king call him to account ! Behold

- T e is Milki lim and agi , the d ed which they have done is th a n After having t ken the city Rubuda, they are now seeki g to take Jerusalem . If this land belongs to the king, why ’ (delay till ) the Haz ati are at the king s dispo sal ! Behold

- T the la nd of Ginti kirmil belongs to agi , and the people of Ginti form a garris on in Bétséni ; and th esame will befall us now that Lahaya and the land of Sh akm i have given

M - e T every thing to the Habiru . ilki lim has writt n to agi ! 3 : As are . of and his sons two , give to the people

1 Th em ean ing o f th is li ne is very dubi ous . 2 A l and n l fl onta eu nd van El Pu blis h ed by be Wi ck er, Der f lf s 1 05 and 199 Tr ns te Kn u d tz on DieE l A m arna No . . a la d by , ,

l n No . 289 . A m arn a Tafe , TELL EL- AMARNA LETTERS 1 1

il ’ ” K ti . all their hearts desire Shall we , then , let Jerusalem go 7 Th egarrison - troops which th en has sent by the hand M e Add a a of Haya , the son of iar , hath y taken and placed az ati t in his house in H , and twen y men hath he sent to Egypt . Let the king take heed that there is no garrison of the P u u ru king with me ! Such is the case as the king liveth . z his He has departed from me and is in Ha ati. Let h im the king keep this before , and let the king send

fifty garrison - men to protect his land Th ewhole land of ‘ . Ji en am u the king is in revolt Send h , and let him take heed for the land of the king . To th e A the scribe of king, my lord , thus speaketh bdi B biba, thy servant . ring these words clearly before the

. in h king I am ighest degree to thee , thy ser vant am I.

rom A di - iba Jerusalem to th eKin Berlin V b o A . F h f g ( , h T .

To A d - the king, my lord, hath spoken thus b i hiba, thy At servant : the feet of the ki ng, seven times and seven B Milkil h times I fall . ehold the deed which u and S uard atu T have done against the land of the king , my lord . hey

Gaz ri have the soldiers (or people) of , the soldiers Gim ti Kilti of , and the soldiers of , and have taken the Rubute Th territory of . eland of the king is lost to the And Habiru . now indeed a city of the territory of

Bét- Jerusalem , called Ninib, has been lost to the people of

Kilti Let - . A the king listen to bdi hiba, thy servant, and ’ 00 send tr ps, that I may restore the king s land to the ! But i king if there are no troops, the land of the k ng will

1 u sh A and n Th onta el wnd eon E P bli ed by bel Wi ckler, Der f f l

A m n No . 106. T ns t b Knud tz on E l - A ar a , ra la ed , ie m arn a Ta el n y D f ,

No . 2 90 and b Un nad i n Gress m ann A l to y g , riental isch e Taste a nd

ld . 13 4 . Bi er , p 12 SELECTIONS FROM THE

T of Milkilu be lost to the Habiru. his is the deed S h uard atu and let the king take care for his land !

- rom A bdi i iba o erusalem to th eKin Belin VA . F L f J g ( r ,

Th .

To A - the king !my lord , thus hath spoken! bdi hiba, thy At th e th k s . e servant ! ! feet !of ing, my lord! , seven time

m s . B and seven ti e I fall ehold, I am not a !local ruler! ; i o . an fficer am I to the !king, my lord! Why has the k ng not sent a messenger Under s uch circum E n am u Let to stances eh has sent . the king !hearken! — A ! B o no 0 0 . bdi hiba, his servant ! eh ld! , there are tr ps Let m the king, y lord , send an officer, and let him take the local rulers with him ! Th elands of the king and Add a a people who are and y , the officer of the king , !has! their house . Le th e t king take heed for them , and let him send a m essenger ! uickly When I die .

Letter rom Lach ish Cons tantino leW f ( p , .

TO o P . ! the! great , thus hath sp ken abi , at thy feet I fall ‘ Thou must know that S h ipti- Ba al and Zim rid a are con ‘ S h i ti- B o Zim rid a spiring, and that p a al hath sp ken to M ath er Yaram i 1 — y f of the city , ( ) has written to me Give bows d a ers s ! me !six! , and three gg , and three sword If I o o o o g forth against the land of the king , and th u d st j in

o . w o t me , I shall surely c n! uer He h makes i this plan is ( )

1 u l sh e b A l and in Th onta el u nd eon E P b i d y be W ckler, Der f f l 4 ns l W n l T No 1 . Tr t el A m n . 7 h ont n eo ar a , a a ed by i ck er, Die af n

- Keil insch r tli ch e i bl oth k l E l A m n No . 1 84 Tel ar a ( if B i e , and by

- DieE l A m n l n o . 2 85 Knu dtz on, ar a Tafe , N . 2 u ish d Hil rech t E ! d t on o th eUn v rs t P P bl e by p . p e i i f i e i y of enns yl ld b lon I l v n a vol . i . O n ns t ons t 2 t 64 o 1 4 a i , , Ba y ia crip i , Par , P a e , N . 7 . l n l K eili ns ch ri tlich eDibli oth e ns t k V N . Tra a ed by Wi ck er, / , o 2 19 Un nad in G os s m n n A lto ent l s h e ! t u nd ld I by g r a , ri a i c Te e Bi er, . , pp

- - Knu tz on E l A and d m n ln No 3 . 2 8 . 1 7 by , Die ar a Tafe , 38 TELL EL- AMARNA LETTERS 13

- el . . Now P abu . Send him before me I have sent Rapi He will bring to the great man information about this affair (1)

u h o m en ete I B lin A . Letter o Bu rrab rias t V. V f A h p ( er ,

Th .

’ To Na h u ruria K p , ing of Egypt , my brother, thus hath o Burrabu riash K of Kard uniash : sp ken , ing , thy brother

With me it is well with thee, with thy land , thy house , o thy wives, thy children , thy n bles, thy horses, thy W ! chariots, may it be exceeding ell I and my brother have spoken friendly with one another, and thus have we : ! As spoken our fathers were , so will we also be good But w h o friends . now my traders , came up with 2 A utabu Kina i h , remained behind in hh for business Af A u ta u . b off reasons ter b had gone to my brother, in t h e innatuni Kina i Sh u m ad d a city of H of hh , , son of

Bal um m é Sh utatna Sh aratum A , , and , son of , of cco, sent m en off ! their and slew my traders , and carried their money Az z l u ( ) I have sent to thee, so ask him and let him Kina i i ts tell thee . hh is thy land and kings are thy servants . In thy land violence has been done me . Chastise them, and the money which they have taken away, restore And the men who have slain my servants , slay them, and avenge their blood ! But if thou dost not slay these t people, they will on ano her occasion slay my caravans or thy messengers, and then messengers will cease to pass

. And k between us if they deny it, ! now this, ! that ’ Sh u m add a ofi cut the feet one of my people , and kept him prisoner ; and that S h u tatna of Acco set another on his head , and he stands before his face . Cause these men to o be br ught before thee , and take heed to my welfare ! As

1 ' u l s h A l a nd n Th o nta em i d eon E l P b i ed by be Wi ckler, Der f lf

Am m a No . 8 . T nsl t d n na in res m a , ra a e by U g d G s an n , A ltor ienta liseh e

! t u nd ld I - . . 12 9 . and Kn ud tz on E l A m a rn Te e Bi er , , p f by , Die a l 2 n 85 . . L e C n n . Tafe , p f , a aa 14 S ELECTIONS FROM THE

n v s t m of - z u prese t I ha e en thee one ina lapis la li . Send i Ma o f my m essenger back speed ly . y I learn the welfare o f my brother ! Do not keep my messe nger back Let h im come ! uickly I

Letter o Tush ratta o Mitanni to Am en ete 111 Brit sh f f h p . ( i

Mus eum - 1 - , BV. 88 0 13 ,

To Nim m uria K o - ia - , ing of Egypt, my br ther, my son law m ov m e a who I l e, and who loves , thus h th spoken

Tu sh ratta K M wh o - ia , ing of itanni , loves thee, thy father : ! law With me it is well . With thee may it be well t Tatu ea u f Wi h thy house ; with h p , my da ghter, thy wi e ! t th whom thou lovest, may it be well Wi h y wives , thy th o children, thy nobles, thy chariots, thy horses , y warri rs, i thy lands, and with everything that is th ne, may it be ! very, very, very well T s L hus saith I htar of Nineveh , the ady of countries , all To th e i of them Egypt, land which I love , w ll I go, l B and I will wander ( ) ehold , now I have sent !her! , and B m she is gone . ehold , in the ti e of my father did L o to the ady g the land, and as, when she formerly dwelt there , men honoured her, so may my brother now honour her ten times more than in the former days ! May my brother honour her, and send her away in joy that she may return s Lad I htar, the y of Heaven , may she protect my brother and me Onehundred thousand years and m uch joy L ! An d may this ady give us both as is good , so will we for do . Ishtar is for me, my god ; but my brother, she is d it not his go .

1 u sh z ol and u Th e ll El - A m a rn bl ts in P bli ed by Be d B dge , Te a Ta e

10 . ns l n ad in G th eBritis h Mus eu m No . Tra ated by U gn ress

- nn A lto ent l s h ! t a nd lde . 13 1 an m a , ri a i c e Te e Bi r . I . . p 0 d by

- Knu d tz on DieE l A m n ln No. 2 3 . , ar a Tafe , 3 Th ere vers e s ide of th is tablet is i nscribed with a noteof th ree lin s of E t n h i o l h s tt n in ink and ad n e gyp ia er g yp ic , wri e black , re i g TELL EL - AMARNA LETTERS 15

l - i erl n . 2 3 . Letter o Bib Adda o lus B VA . Th 1 9 f f n ( , )

RI B - ADDA h is s H hath spoken to lord, the king of the land , ‘ 2 the great king : May Ba alat of Gubla give might to the ! At king, my lord the feet of my lord , my sun , seven

. Let m times and seven times I fall the king , y lord , know Gubla that , the true handmaid of the king, is safe, but very strong is the hostility of the Sa Gaz - warriors against o me , and may the king, my lord , not hold back fr m

u m S a Caz - ! B S ur, lest it entirely joins the warriors y the Gubla officer of the king, who was in Sumur, has been B P a am nata saved . ehold , h , the officer of the king, who is Gubla o in Sumur , knows the need which oppresses . Fr m

Yarim u tta have we procured the means of existence . V ery T powerful has been the hostility against us . herefore , may the king not hold back from his cities

Letter o Ri b- Add a o B blus British Museum Bu f f y ( , .

- - 88 10 13 ,

RI B ADDA to spoke his lord, the king of the lands, the ‘ Ma Ba alat Gubla great king y of give might to the king, At sun my lord the feet of my lord , my , seven times and m seven ti es I fall . Why hast thou sent me no reply , so that I might know the deed which they have done ! I

Y 3 6 4th m on th o f th ew n t wh n in th esou h ear , i er , e we were t ern ‘ ” t P r— H wt Co ou h t th em s s n cas le py br g by e e ger . 1 u s h e b A and n l Th onta el u nd non P bli d y bel Wi ck er , Der f f E l

na 1889 No. 80 . Tr ns t d in K eilins A m wr ( a la e by W ckler, eh rift

e o Knud z n E l - A l h bl oth k V . N . 88 ; t o m n ln ic e Bi i , , by , Die ar a Tafe , 68 an d Un nad in Gress m ann A lto nt l s h T ! t No. ; by g , rie a i c e e e m m l

d . l I . 1 31 Bi er, p 2 Gubl a is th e oni n for B bl us Babyl a y .

u lish b z ol and u Th e ll E l - A m n bl s P b ed y Be d B dge , Te ar a Ta et in th e itish Mu s u m No. 1 4 . T ns t n l Keili n Br e ra la ed by Wi ck er ,

- i ot elc V . z sch tl h Bibl h No . 61 Knud t on E l Am rif ic e , , : by , Die arn a ln No 83 and Un nad in Gressm ann A lto Tafe , . by g , ri euta l isch eTe! te

- a lde . 13 1 2 . nd Bi r , pp 16 TELL E L- AMARNA LETTERS

o sent my man before my l rd , and his two horses were ot l 1 taken , while in regard to an her man , the man himse f ( ) ’ was taken and the king s tablet was not given into the m hand of y man . Listen to me ! Why hast thou so held back that thy land should be taken ! Let it not be said I n the da ys ” f z - o the overseers the Ga peo ple have taken all lands. Let it not be said in (those) days And thou art not able to

. t o take them again Further, I have writ en for garris n f r o o o . tro ps, and h rses, but they were not granted Send a reply to me Otherwise I shall make all iance with Abdi

Ash irta Y - A Zim rid a an d sh , like apa dda and , I all be e m Bet—A t sav d . Further, if Su ura and rha are los , thou ‘ t must give to me by the hand of Yanh am u . Le him give provisions of food for me ! I will protect the city of th e for hi m th e king , and let the king speak word and send my m an ! His relations are embittered against me day T i and night , saying hou hast given our son to the k ng, ” Tw o I nam ta arein and he should send him back . men of

u Yan am u . Yan am u : the ho se of h Further, say to h Rib A h im ddi is in thy hands, and everything that is done to t ” Let 1 res s upon thee . not men of destruction ( ) fall upon me And I have written to him If thou dost not

. t say so , then I will abandon the city and depart Fur her, n aband on if thou se dest me no answer, then I will the city

. And i and depart with the men who love me know, ndeed , U m m a nu I sh kuru h , and her husband , the servant of ‘ ” ‘ r Ba alat to Es . of Guhla , and powe alat

' N LTD P R INTE RS O UI LDFOB D. EN GLAND BI LLING AND S O S , . , ,