DOCSLIB.ORG

Direct Radical Intuition: Toward An'architecture of Presence'through

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Direct Radical Intuition: Toward An'architecture of Presence'through Direct Radical intuition: toward an ‘Architecture of Presence’ through Japanese ZEN Aesthetics A thesis submitted to the Graduate School of the University of Cincinnati In the partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Architecture in the Department of Architecture and Interior Design of the College of Design, Architecture, Art and Planning 2011 by Charles Stephen Ellis Bachelor of Science in Environmental Design, Ball State University, 1983 Bachelor of Architecture, Ball State University, 1993 Committee Chair: James Postell, M.Arch Committee Member: Mikiko Hirayama, Ph.D. Direct Radical intuition: toward an ‘Architecture of Presence’ through Japanese ZEN Aesthetics Charles Stephen Ellis University of Cincinnati 2011 ABSTRACT: Currently the field of architectural thinking is steeped in Western discourse. The INTENTIONS of this research are to reveal how ideas of a Direct Radical intuition as an Eastern perspective can be infused into a field of Western dominated architectural thinking paradigm. This investigation into the landscape of architectural theory proposes that a study of Japanese Zen Buddhist aesthetics through ‘Direct Radical intuition’ will draw us toward an ‘Architecture of Presence.’ The formation of Japanese philosophical and religious thoughts will go through EXPLORATIONS culminating in two Buddhist principles; wabi (beautiful poverty) through chadō, or ‘the way of tea’ and ki (life force) through aikido , or ‘the way of harmony’ that were absorbed by Zen. Additionally, an examination of selected Western philosophical thought in Phenomenology and Post Modernism that aligns with or is contrary to aesthetics of Zen will be used to further clarify the ASSOCIATIONS to these principles. Finally, an analysis of selected projects by Japanese architect Tadaō Andō will further reveal how the proclivity toward aesthetic principles of Zen can illuminate CONNECTIONS for a visible architectural expression. A synthesis of this study will result in an assimilation of terms in alliance with ‘Direct Radical Intuition’ that has at its essence a ‘concrete pragmatism’ and ‘creative spontaneity’ disclosing a means of navigating through the architectural design and construction process. A comprehension of the architectural issues with transparency imbued with ‘Direct Radical intuition’ allows the designer to look within and beyond self and culturally imposed boundaries. This insight leads toward an ‘Architecture of Presence’ that is rooted in fundamental aspects of human activity and ascension toward a nourishment of the human spirit. This imminent enrichment facilitates the empowerment of IMPLICATIONS toward individual, cultural and social place in the larger context of a compassionate global integration. iii abstract copyright notice Copyright © Charles Stephen Ellis, 2011. All rights reserved. iv Acknowledgments This thesis is dedicated to my mother Setsuko Ellis and my late father Watson Ellis along with my sister Mary Ellis. I am also dedicating this thesis to my children Michael, Cristine, Erika and Taylor. Thank you for your constant support toward my endeavors. Thank you also to my friends and colleagues Miles Smith, Sam Hurt and Brent Hussong for our times spent sharing ideas. v acknowledgments table of contents abstract iii acknowledgements v 010101 intentions 1 01.1 scope- methods- limitations 6 01.2 a personal narrative 9 01.3 DRi: the east- west gap 24 020202 explorations 36 02.1 ZEN Buddhism: history and philosophy 36 02.2 chadō : the Way of Tea 45 02.3 wabi : beauty of poverty 73 02.4 budō : the Way of war 88 02.5 aikido : the Way of harmony 92 02.6 ki : life force 119 030303 associations 127 03.1 Tadaō Andō: biography 127 03.2 Tadaō Andō: project list- description 130 03.3 Tadaō Andō: philosophy 138 03.4 ZEN associations 150 03.5 Post Modern associations 168 040404 connections 181 04.1 DRi: terms 181 04.2 the Azuma residence 183 04.3 the Church on Water 188 04.4 the Water Temple 197 050505 implications 211 05.1 DRi: synthesis 211 05.2 DRi: potentials 218 05.3 DRi: point of departure 231 bibliography 234 glossary 239 vi table of contents 000101 intentions As we stand within this moment, take a deep breath and step back in time and space we begin to gather a perspective of our planet earth. (Fig. 01.1) We see that it is a sphere of continuous change and without boundaries. The borders are conceived by man’s conventions. As Carlos Castaneda 1 says, “The world is incomprehensible. We won’t ever understand it; we won’t ever unravel its secrets. Thus we must treat the world as it is: a sheer mystery.” 2 The terrain is constantly in flux and not fixed. The topography of mountains, rivers and oceans exist not asking to be a divisive tool to separate and be conquered. Our natural environment is diverse at its core essence and is beyond means to be controlled or categorized into a (Fig. 01.1) Our compassionate planet earth. homogenized concept. (Image source: http://icicp.blogspot.com, accessed on 03.25.2011) How do we as architects and designers gather the perceived complexity of issues that we confront? How do we bring the existing forces to a continuing resolution that blend, harmonize and stimulate without taming to be controlled based on our dualistic definitions of good and bad? Buckminster Fuller 3 says, “I live on Earth at present, and I don't know what I am. I know 1 Carlos Castañeda (1925–1998) was a Peruvian-born American anthropologist and author. Starting with The Teachings of Don Juan in 1968, Castaneda wrote a series of books that describe his alleged training in traditional Mesoamerican shamanism. 2 http://thinkexist.com/quotes/carlos_castaneda/4.html (accessed on 04.15.2011) 3 Richard Buckminster “Bucky” Fuller (1895 – 1983) was an American engineer, author, designer, inventor, and futurist. Fuller published more than 30 books, inventing and popularizing terms such as "Spaceship Earth", 1 01 _intensions that I am not a category. I am not a thing -- a noun. I seem to be a verb, an evolutionary process -- an integral function of the universe.” 4 Thus a noun defines the subject and demarcates while a verb is implied action that set in motion the energy and forces of our existence. The demarcations must be sought with insight of silent, intuitive wisdom to choose the appropriate verbs that activate and navigate this constant flux of energy and forces. What is the essence of human necessity? The complications arise with the layers of perceived needs, meanings and expectations that we place upon this question. How do we distill to the fundamental nature and understand the parameters for priorities that will evolve and act as a verb for the unfolding of our base needs for shelter? How do we as architects and designers see beyond our ego and sentimentality of representative symbols steeped within historical styles and cultural contraptions to find the appropriateness of this moment? This is the moment for the ‘making of architecture’ that integrates our life. “If the doors of perception were cleansed every thing would appear to man as it is, infinite.” 5 This quote by poet and mystic, William Blake 6 opens up the book, ‘The Doors of Perception’ by Aldous Huxley. 7 To look at the world more directly, is a crucible of Huxley’s mantra in this book. ephemeralization, and synergetics. He also developed numerous inventions, the best known of which is the geodesic dome. 4 http://www.goodreads.com/author/quotes/165737.Richard_Buckminster_Fuller (accessed on 04.15.2011) 5 Aldous Huxley. The Doors of Perception . (New York: Harper & Row Publishers, 1970), 6. 6 William Blake (1757–1827) was an English poet, painter, and printmaker. Largely unrecognized during his lifetime, Blake is now considered a seminal figure in the history of both the poetry and visual arts of the Romantic Age. He produced a diverse and symbolically rich work which embraced the imagination as "the body of God", or "Human existence itself". Considered mad by contemporaries for his idiosyncratic views, Blake is held in high regard by later critics for his expressiveness and creativity, and for the philosophical and mystical undercurrents within his work. 7 Aldous Leonard Huxley (1894–1963) was an English writer. He spent the later part of his life in the United States, living in Los Angeles from 1937 until his death in 1963. Best known for his novels including ‘Brave New World’ and 2 01 _intensions This directness of perception must be done unconditionally beyond to encompass the ‘Mind at Large’. Mescalin was a vehicle that is used to be shaken out of the ruts of ordinary perception and that of animal obsession for survival and human obsession with words of symbolic conceptions. To embrace the silent realization of Nature in all of its wonder, he challenges us to use the man made systems of words more effectively. He promotes a human experience that is more open to Spirit and less so on the adherence to systematic reasoning thus the more unsystematic the better, to gain access into the inner and outer worlds into which we were born. To be enlightened is to be aware of the total reality of the vast ‘Otherness’ yet be grounded in our necessity of survival and use systematic reasoning as a tool as events unfold. Huxley ends his chronicle with a quote that summarizes his journey into the ‘Is-ness of being’. But the man who comes back through the Door in the Wall will never be quite the same as the man who went out. He will be wiser but less cocksure, happier but less self satisfied, humbler in acknowledging his ignorance yet better equipped to understand the relationship of words to things, of systematic reasoning to the unfathomable Mystery which it tries, forever vainly, to comprehend.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 4. Non-Heptatonic Modes
    Tagg: Everyday Tonality II — 4. Non‐heptatonic modes 151 4. Non‐heptatonic modes If modes containing seven different scale degrees are heptatonic, eight‐note modes are octatonic, six‐note modes hexatonic, those with five pentatonic, while four‐ and three‐note modes are tetratonic and tritonic. Now, even though the most popular pentatonic modes are sometimes called ‘gapped’ because they contain two scale steps larger than those of the ‘church’ modes of Chapter 3 —doh ré mi sol la and la doh ré mi sol, for example— they are no more incomplete FFBk04Modes2.fm. 2014-09-14,13:57 or empty than the octatonic start to example 70 can be considered cluttered or crowded.1 Ex. 70. Vigneault/Rochon (1973): Je chante pour (octatonic opening phrase) The point is that the most widespread convention for numbering scale degrees (in Europe, the Arab world, India, Java, China, etc.) is, as we’ve seen, heptatonic. So, when expressions like ‘thirdless hexatonic’ occur in this chapter it does not imply that the mode is in any sense deficient: it’s just a matter of using a quasi‐global con‐ vention to designate a particular trait of the mode. Tritonic and tetratonic Tritonic and tetratonic tunes are common in many parts of the world, not least in traditional music from Micronesia and Poly‐ nesia, as well as among the Māori, the Inuit, the Saami and Native Americans of the great plains.2 Tetratonic modes are also found in Christian psalm and response chanting (ex. 71), while the sound of children chanting tritonic taunts can still be heard in playgrounds in many parts of the world (ex.
    [Show full text]
  • Conceito De Mínimo Na Arquitetura: Proposta Para a Quinta Do Canavial (Covilhã)
    UNIVERSIDADE DA BEIRA INTERIOR Engenharia Conceito de Mínimo na Arquitetura: proposta para a Quinta do Canavial (Covilhã) Ana Catarina Novais Gavina Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Arquitetura (ciclo de estudos integrado) Orientador: Prof. Doutor Ana Maria Tavares Ferreira Martins Co-orientador: Prof. Doutor Miguel Costa santos Nepomoceno Covilhã, Abril de 2016 ii Dedicatória Aos meus pais e irmã. iii iv Agradecimentos A todos aqueles que me acompanharam neste percurso, família, amigos, orientadores mas em especial aos meus pais e irmã que sem eles era impossível chegar até ao fim. v vi Resumo A presente dissertação irá abordar como tema fulcral a Habitação tendo de conceito principal o mínimo nas suas múltiplas vertentes. Desta forma, intrínsecos a esta temática, estão conceitos como o Minimalismo, a Flexibilidade e Funcionalidade. Apesar do Minimalismo ter tido as suas origens nas Artes Plásticas, em meados do séc. XX, já anteriores movimentos arquitétónicos tinham revelado resultados concordantes com os do Minimalismo (enquanto corrente estilística), como poderemos analisar através de exemplos escolhidos a nível do património histórico e do património contemporâneo da cela mínima e da habitação mínima, na Parte I. Respetivamente, o primeiro refere-se às celas monásticas e o segundo é relativo ao habitar mínimo tipicamente japonês, analisando pormenorizadamente os seus componentes e formas de habitar. Conclui-se a Parte I com um estudo da flexibilidade e multifuncionalidade de uma habitação, anunciando a filosofia “a forma segue a função”. Seguidamente, a Parte II, é exclusivamente dedicada à proposta do protótipo da habitação minimalista. Analisa-se primeiramente o terreno em questão, avaliando as suas considerações juntamente com as condicionantes da família do cliente.
    [Show full text]
  • 2019 Annual Report
    2019 Annual Report Te Hiranga Rū QuakeCoRE Aotearoa New Zealand Centre for Earthquake Resilience Contents ___ Directors’ Report 3 Chair’s Report 4 About Us 5 Our Outcomes 6 Research Research overview 7 Technology platforms 8 Flagship programmes 9 Other projects 10 Scrap tyres find new lives as earthquake protection 11 How effective is insurance for earthquake risk mitigation? 13 Toward functional buildings following major earthquakes 15 Collaboration to Impact Preparing for quakes: Seismic sensors and early warning systems 17 What makes a resilient community? 19 Collaboration a key tool in natural hazard public education 21 Human Capability Development Connections through quakes: International researchers tour New Zealand 23 Research in Te Ao Māori 25 The QuakeCoRE postgraduate experience 27 Recognition highlights 29 Financials, Community and Outputs Financials 33 At a glance 34 Community 35 Publications 41 Directors’ Report 2019 ___ Te Hiranga Rū QuakeCoRE formed in 2016 with a vision of transforming the QuakeCoRE continues to exhibit collaborative leadership domestically and earthquake resilience of communities throughout Aotearoa New Zealand, and in internationally. We highlight the strong alignment achieved with the ‘Resilience to four years, we are already seeing important progress toward this vision through our Nature’s Challenges’ National Science Challenge, progress associated with our on- focus on research excellence, deep national and international collaborations, and going commitment to Mātauranga Māori, partnership research between the public human capability development. and private sectors through community participation in seismic sensor deployment, and also the ‘Learning from Earthquakes’ programme as an example of international In our fourth Annual Report we highlight several world-class research stories, opportunities to study New Zealand as a natural earthquake laboratory.
    [Show full text]
  • ZEN at WAR War and Peace Library SERIES EDITOR: MARK SELDEN
    ZEN AT WAR War and Peace Library SERIES EDITOR: MARK SELDEN Drugs, Oil, and War: The United States in Afghanistan, Colombia, and Indochina BY PETER DALE SCOTT War and State Terrorism: The United States, Japan, and the Asia-Pacific in the Long Twentieth Century EDITED BY MARK SELDEN AND ALVIN Y. So Bitter Flowers, Sweet Flowers: East Timor, Indonesia, and the World Community EDITED BY RICHARD TANTER, MARK SELDEN, AND STEPHEN R. SHALOM Politics and the Past: On Repairing Historical Injustices EDITED BY JOHN TORPEY Biological Warfare and Disarmament: New Problems/New Perspectives EDITED BY SUSAN WRIGHT BRIAN DAIZEN VICTORIA ZEN AT WAR Second Edition ROWMAN & LITTLEFIELD PUBLISHERS, INC. Lanham • Boulder • New York • Toronto • Oxford ROWMAN & LITTLEFIELD PUBLISHERS, INC. Published in the United States of America by Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc. A wholly owned subsidiary of The Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, Inc. 4501 Forbes Boulevard, Suite 200, Lanham, Maryland 20706 www.rowmanlittlefield.com P.O. Box 317, Oxford OX2 9RU, UK Copyright © 2006 by Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc. Cover image: Zen monks at Eiheiji, one of the two head monasteries of the Sōtō Zen sect, undergoing mandatory military training shortly after the passage of the National Mobilization Law in March 1938. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Information Available Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Victoria, Brian Daizen, 1939– Zen at war / Brian Daizen Victoria.—2nd ed.
    [Show full text]
  • Durham E-Theses
    Durham E-Theses Transience and durability in Japanese urban space ROBINSON, WILFRED,IAIN,THOMAS How to cite: ROBINSON, WILFRED,IAIN,THOMAS (2010) Transience and durability in Japanese urban space, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/405/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk Iain Robinson Transience and durability in Japanese urban space ABSTRACT The thesis addresses the research question “What is transient and what endures within Japanese urban space” by taking the material constructed form of one Japanese city as a primary text and object of analysis. Chiba-shi is a port and administrative centre in southern Kanto, the largest city in the eastern part of the Tokyo Metropolitan Region and located about forty kilometres from downtown Tokyo. The study privileges the role of process as a theoretical basis for exploring the dynamics of the production and transformation of urban space.
    [Show full text]
  • Some Observations on the Weddings of Tokugawa Shogunâ•Žs
    University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Department of East Asian Languages and Civilizations School of Arts and Sciences October 2012 Some Observations on the Weddings of Tokugawa Shogun’s Daughters – Part 1 Cecilia S. Seigle Ph.D. University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/ealc Part of the Asian Studies Commons, Economics Commons, Family, Life Course, and Society Commons, and the Social and Cultural Anthropology Commons Recommended Citation Seigle, Cecilia S. Ph.D., "Some Observations on the Weddings of Tokugawa Shogun’s Daughters – Part 1" (2012). Department of East Asian Languages and Civilizations. 7. https://repository.upenn.edu/ealc/7 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/ealc/7 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Some Observations on the Weddings of Tokugawa Shogun’s Daughters – Part 1 Abstract In this study I shall discuss the marriage politics of Japan's early ruling families (mainly from the 6th to the 12th centuries) and the adaptation of these practices to new circumstances by the leaders of the following centuries. Marriage politics culminated with the founder of the Edo bakufu, the first shogun Tokugawa Ieyasu (1542-1616). To show how practices continued to change, I shall discuss the weddings given by the fifth shogun sunaT yoshi (1646-1709) and the eighth shogun Yoshimune (1684-1751). The marriages of Tsunayoshi's natural and adopted daughters reveal his motivations for the adoptions and for his choice of the daughters’ husbands. The marriages of Yoshimune's adopted daughters show how his atypical philosophy of rulership resulted in a break with the earlier Tokugawa marriage politics.
    [Show full text]
  • A Performance Guide to Selected Piano Solo Works Of
    A PERFORMANCE GUIDE TO SELECTED PIANO SOLO WORKS OF LISAN WANG A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE DOCTOR OF ARTS BY TAO HE DISSERTATION ADVISORS: DR. BRETT CLEMENT DR. JAMES HELTON BALL STATE UNIVERSITY MUNCIE, INDIANA DECEMBER 2020 Acknowledgements As this dissertation finally reaches completion, I wish to express gratitude to those who gave me their unreserved support. First, I would like to thank my mentors: I have received careful guidance from Dr. James Helton, my piano performance instructor. I admire his profound knowledge and rigorous scholarship. Without his help, I would not have been able to achieve my current level of musicianship and knowledge. I would like to express my gratitude to Dr. Mei Zhong, my vocal performance professor. She led me into a whole new field, expanded my career, and inspired my potential. I would like to thank Dr. Brett Clement for always providing me help, advice, and insight throughout this entire dissertation process. I want to express gratitude to my family. To my parents and wife, thank you for your dedication, full support, and endurance for undertaking the many years I have spent away from home. I would like to offer the greatest blessing to my adorable son and daughter who are the motivation and spiritual pillar of my hard work! I would like to thank all of my friends who cared for and helped me. My special thanks go to Phillip Michael Blaine for his great assistance and strong support. He is one of my most trustworthy friends.
    [Show full text]
  • UC Berkeley Electronic Theses and Dissertations
    UC Berkeley UC Berkeley Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title The Lyric Forms of the Literati Mind: Yosa Buson, Ema Saikō, Masaoka Shiki and Natsume Sōseki Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/97g9d23n Author Mewhinney, Matthew Stanhope Publication Date 2018 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California The Lyric Forms of the Literati Mind: Yosa Buson, Ema Saikō, Masaoka Shiki and Natsume Sōseki By Matthew Stanhope Mewhinney A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Japanese Language in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Alan Tansman, Chair Professor H. Mack Horton Professor Daniel C. O’Neill Professor Anne-Lise François Summer 2018 © 2018 Matthew Stanhope Mewhinney All Rights Reserved Abstract The Lyric Forms of the Literati Mind: Yosa Buson, Ema Saikō, Masaoka Shiki and Natsume Sōseki by Matthew Stanhope Mewhinney Doctor of Philosophy in Japanese Language University of California, Berkeley Professor Alan Tansman, Chair This dissertation examines the transformation of lyric thinking in Japanese literati (bunjin) culture from the eighteenth century to the early twentieth century. I examine four poet- painters associated with the Japanese literati tradition in the Edo (1603-1867) and Meiji (1867- 1912) periods: Yosa Buson (1716-83), Ema Saikō (1787-1861), Masaoka Shiki (1867-1902) and Natsume Sōseki (1867-1916). Each artist fashions a lyric subjectivity constituted by the kinds of blending found in literati painting and poetry. I argue that each artist’s thoughts and feelings emerge in the tensions generated in the process of blending forms, genres, and the ideas (aesthetic, philosophical, social, cultural, and historical) that they carry with them.
    [Show full text]
  • HIRATA KOKUGAKU and the TSUGARU DISCIPLES by Gideon
    SPIRITS AND IDENTITY IN NINETEENTH-CENTURY NORTHEASTERN JAPAN: HIRATA KOKUGAKU AND THE TSUGARU DISCIPLES by Gideon Fujiwara A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in The Faculty of Graduate Studies (Asian Studies) THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA (Vancouver) April 2013 © Gideon Fujiwara, 2013 ABSTRACT While previous research on kokugaku , or nativism, has explained how intellectuals imagined the singular community of Japan, this study sheds light on how posthumous disciples of Hirata Atsutane based in Tsugaru juxtaposed two “countries”—their native Tsugaru and Imperial Japan—as they transitioned from early modern to modern society in the nineteenth century. This new perspective recognizes the multiplicity of community in “Japan,” which encompasses the domain, multiple levels of statehood, and “nation,” as uncovered in recent scholarship. My analysis accentuates the shared concerns of Atsutane and the Tsugaru nativists toward spirits and the spiritual realm, ethnographic studies of commoners, identification with the north, and religious thought and worship. I chronicle the formation of this scholarly community through their correspondence with the head academy in Edo (later Tokyo), and identify their autonomous character. Hirao Rosen conducted ethnography of Tsugaru and the “world” through visiting the northern island of Ezo in 1855, and observing Americans, Europeans, and Qing Chinese stationed there. I show how Rosen engaged in self-orientation and utilized Hirata nativist theory to locate Tsugaru within the spiritual landscape of Imperial Japan. Through poetry and prose, leader Tsuruya Ariyo identified Mount Iwaki as a sacred pillar of Tsugaru, and insisted one could experience “enjoyment” from this life and beyond death in the realm of spirits.
    [Show full text]
  • Sports Quiz When Were the First Tokyo Olympic Games Held?
    Sports Quiz When were the first Tokyo Olympic Games held? ① 1956 ② 1964 ③ 1972 ④ 1988 When were the first Tokyo Olympic Games held? ① 1956 ② 1964 ③ 1972 ④ 1988 What is the city in which the Winter Olympic Games were held in 1998? ① Nagano ② Sapporo ③ Iwate ④ Niigata What is the city in which the Winter Olympic Games were held in 1998? ① Nagano ② Sapporo ③ Iwate ④ Niigata Where do sumo wrestlers have their matches? ① sunaba ② dodai ③ doma ④ dohyō Where do sumo wrestlers have their matches? ① sunaba ② dodai ③ doma ④ dohyō What do sumo wrestlers sprinkle before a match? ① salt ② soil ③ sand ④ sugar What do sumo wrestlers sprinkle before a match? ① salt ② soil ③ sand ④ sugar What is the action wrestlers take before a match? ① shiko ② ashiage ③ kusshin ④ tsuppari What is the action wrestlers take before a match? ① shiko ② ashiage ③ kusshin ④ tsuppari What do wrestlers wear for a match? ① dōgi ② obi ③ mawashi ④ hakama What do wrestlers wear for a match? ① dōgi ② obi ③ mawashi ④ hakama What is the second highest ranking in sumo following yokozuna? ① sekiwake ② ōzeki ③ komusubi ④ jonidan What is the second highest ranking in sumo following yokozuna? ① sekiwake ② ōzeki ③ komusubi ④ jonidan On what do judo wrestlers have matches? ① sand ② board ③ tatami ④ mat On what do judo wrestlers have matches? ① sand ② board ③ tatami ④ mat What is the decision of the match in judo called? ① ippon ② koka ③ yuko ④ waza-ari What is the decision of the match in judo called? ① ippon ② koka ③ yuko ④ waza-ari Which of these is not included in the waza techniques of
    [Show full text]
  • Japanese Gardens at American World’S Fairs, 1876–1940 Anthony Alofsin: Frank Lloyd Wright and the Aesthetics of Japan
    A Publication of the Foundation for Landscape Studies A Journal of Place Volume ıv | Number ı | Fall 2008 Essays: The Long Life of the Japanese Garden 2 Paula Deitz: Plum Blossoms: The Third Friend of Winter Natsumi Nonaka: The Japanese Garden: The Art of Setting Stones Marc Peter Keane: Listening to Stones Elizabeth Barlow Rogers: Tea and Sympathy: A Zen Approach to Landscape Gardening Kendall H. Brown: Fair Japan: Japanese Gardens at American World’s Fairs, 1876–1940 Anthony Alofsin: Frank Lloyd Wright and the Aesthetics of Japan Book Reviews 18 Joseph Disponzio: The Sun King’s Garden: Louis XIV, André Le Nôtre and the Creation of the Garden of Versailles By Ian Thompson Elizabeth Barlow Rogers: Gardens: An Essay on the Human Condition By Robert Pogue Harrison Calendar 22 Tour 23 Contributors 23 Letter from the Editor times. Still observed is a Marc Peter Keane explains Japanese garden also became of interior and exterior. The deep-seated cultural tradi- how the Sakuteiki’s prescrip- an instrument of propagan- preeminent Wright scholar tion of plum-blossom view- tions regarding the setting of da in the hands of the coun- Anthony Alofsin maintains ing, which takes place at stones, together with the try’s imperial rulers at a in his essay that Wright was his issue of During the Heian period winter’s end. Paula Deitz Zen approach to garden succession of nineteenth- inspired as much by gardens Site/Lines focuses (794–1185), still inspired by writes about this third friend design absorbed during his and twentieth-century as by architecture during his on the aesthetics Chinese models, gardens of winter in her narrative of long residency in Japan, world’s fairs.
    [Show full text]
  • One Circle Hold Harmless Agreement
    Schools of Aikido This is not a definitive list of Aikido schools/sensei, but a list of teachers who have had great impact on Aikido and who you will want to read about. You can google them. With the exception of Koichi Tohei Sensei, all teachers pictured here have passed on, but their school/style/tradition of Aikido has been continued by their students. All of these styles of Aikido are taught in the United States, as well as in many other countries throughout the world. Morihei Ueshiba Founder of Aikido Gozo Shioda Morihiro Saito Kisshomaru Ueshiba Koichi Tohei Yoshinkai/Yoshinkan Iwama Ryu Aikikai Ki Society Ueshiba Sensei (Ô-Sensei) … Founder of Aikido. Opened the school which has become known as the Aikikai in 1932. Ô-Sensei’s son, Kisshomaru Ueshiba Sensei, became kancho of the Aikikai upon Ô-Sensei’s death. Shioda Sensei was one of Ô-Sensei’s earliest students. Founded the Yoshinkai (or Yoshinkan) school in 1954. Saito Sensei was Head Instructor of Ô-Sensei’s school in the rural town of Iwama in Ibaraki Prefecture. Saito Sensei became kancho of Iwama Ryu upon Ô-Sensei’s death. Tohei Sensei was Chief Instructor of the Aikikai upon Ô-Sensei’s death. In 1974 Tohei Sensei left the Aikikai Shin-Shin Toitsu “Ki Society” and founded or Aikido. Rod Kobayashi Bill Sosa Kobayashi Sensei became the direct student of Tohei Sensei in 1961. Kobayashi Sensei was the Chief Lecturer Seidokan International Aikido of Ki Development and the Chief Instructor of Shin-Shin Toitsu Aikido for the Western USA Ki Society (under Association Koichi Tohei Sensei).
    [Show full text]