^OU *1<3 HARVARD UNIVERSITY Library of the Museum of Comparative Zoology THE JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ONJ THE LEPIDOPTERA CONTENTS Volume 15 Number 1 March, 1976 IN THIS ISSUE A proposed revision of non-Arctic Parnassius phoebus Fabricus in North America (Papilionidae) Clifford D. Ferris 1 Chromosome numbers in Two species ol ErgoUs (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) A. S. Murty and N. Nageswara Rao 23 Notes on the biology of Lamproptera curius Walkeri Moore (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) T. G. Howarth 27 A proposed terminology for the types of Diapause oceuring in the order Lepidoptera J. \Y. Tilden 33 Urbanus simplicus (Stoll), a new record for California J. W. Tilden 40 An ecological study of the butterflies of the Sierra de Tuxtla in Veracruz, Mexico (continued) Gary N. Ross 41 Volume 15 Number 2 June, 1976 A note on the subspecies of Parnassius clodius Menetries found in the Rocky Mountains of the United States (Papilionidae) Clifford D. Ferris 65 Lepidopteran foodplant records from Texas Raymond W. Neck 75 Migration of Hipparchia semele L. John Feltwell 83 Amblyscirtes “Erna” a form of Amblyscirtes aenus James A. Scott 92 North Dakota Butterfly Calendar Tim L. McCabe and Richard L. Post 93 Observations of predation on Lepidoptera in Alaska J. W. Tilden 100 Significant additions to the Lepidopterous fauna of Southeastern Ontario J. C. E. Riotte 101 Habitat: Pieris occidentals Nelsoni (Pieridae) Arthur M. Shapiro 103 Butterfly collecting in Labrador and Newfoundland Clifford D. Ferris 106 An ecological study of the butterflies of The Sierra de Tuxtla in Veracruz, Mexico (continued) Gary N. Ross 109 Volume 15 Number 3 September, 1976 Note on the chromosomes of Byblia ilithyia (Drury) (Nymphalidae) A. S. Murty and N. N. Rao 129 Fossil butterflies and the evolution of Lepidoptera Oakley Shields 132 Aberrant species of New Jersey Lepidoptera Joseph Muller 144 An area census method for estimating butterfly population numbers Per Douwes 146 Digestive enzymes of sugarcane pink borer, Sesamia inferens Walker (Noctuidae) Anil Kumar Agarwal 153 Records of Limenitis hybrids from Colorado Robert G. Simpson and David Pettus 163 A rapid method for producing insect labels Phillip A. Adams 169 Book review F. Martin Brown 173 Some preliminary notes about the immature stages of Eacles oslari (Citheronidae) Edward V. Gage. 175 The heathii-white banding aberration in the Strymoninae (Lycaenidae) Michael S. Fisher 177 Habitat: Pieris occidentals (Pieridae) Arthur M. Shapiro 182 Melanie Papilio machaon larvae Brian O. C. Gardiner 184 An ecological study of the butterflies of the Sierra de Tuxtla in Veracruz, Mexico (continued) Gary N. Ross 185 Volume 15 Number 4 December, 1976 The early stages of Leucanella memusae ssp. gardineri Lemaire (Saturniidae) Brian O. C. Gardiner 201 Supplementary notes on the distribution of Epargyreus clarus in Southern California (Hesperiidae) Scott E. Miller 206 Book review John B. Heppner 208 A note on Oeneis jutta harperi, its author and date of publication (Satyridae) Cyril F. dos Passos 211 Type locality for Calosaturnia walterorum Johnson (Saturniidae) Larry J. Orsak 214 Investigation of selected species of the genus Orgyia (Lymantriidae) using isoelectrofocusing in thin layer polyacrylamide gel K. E. Chua, J. C. E. Riotte and C. Gilmour 215 An ecological study of the butterflies of the Sierra de Tuxtla in Veracruz, Mexico (continued) Gary N. Ross 225 THE JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ONI THE LEPIDOPTERA e:D - ir 7 “u’LfBRARI7>W JAN 41977 Volume 15 Number 1 March, 1976 THJ1 JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON! THE LEPIDOPTERA published by The Lepidoptera Research Foundation, Inc. at 1160 W. Orange Grove Ave., Arcadia, Calif. U.S.A. 91006 EDITOR: William Hovanitz ASSISTANT EDITOR: Karen Nielson Hovanitz Associate Editors: Thomas C. Emmel, Dept, of Zoology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32601 Maria Etcheverry, Centro de Estudios Entomologicos, Casilla 147, Santiago, Chile. T. N. Freeman, Div. of Entomology, Dept, of Agriculture, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. Brian O. C. Gardner, 18 Chesterton Hall Crescent, Cambridge, England. Rudolf H. T. Mattoni, 9620 Heather Road, Beverly Hills, Calif. 90210. Lee D. Miller, The Allyn Museum of Entomology, 3701 Bay Shore Road, Sarasota, Florida, 33580. Bjorn Petersen, Ostanvag 52, Malmo, Sweden. Manuscripts may be sent to the Editor or Associate Editors. The JOURNAL is sent to all members of the FOUNDATION. CLASSES OF MEMBERSHIP Regular $12 year Family 15 year Contributing 25 year Subscribing 50 year Sponsor 100 year Life 250 for 1 Subscriptions to the Journal are $15.00 per year. Special subscriptions are avail¬ able to students at $10.00 per year. STATEMENT OF OWNERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT THE JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON THE LEPIDOPTERA is published four times a year. Spring (March), Summer (June), Autumn (September), and Winter (December) by THE LEPIDOPTERA RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC. The office of the publi¬ cation and the general business office are located at 1160 W. Orange Grove Ave., Arcadia, California, U.S.A. 91006. The publisher is THE LEPIDOPTERA RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC. The general editor is William Hovanitz at the above address. The secretary-treasurer is Barbara Jean Hovanitz at the same address. The owner is THE LEPIDOPTERA RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC. THE LEPIDOPTERA RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC. is a non-profit organization incorporated under the laws of the State of California in 1965. There are no bond holders, mortgages or other security holders. Second Class postage paid at Arcadia, California, U.S.A. THJ1 JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON THE LEFIDOPTERA Established in 1962 Edited by WILLIAM HOVANITZ Volume 14 1975 published by The Lepidoptera Research Foundation, Inc. at 1160 W. Orange Grove Ave., Arcadia, Calif. U.S.A. 91006 Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera 15( 1): 1-22, 1976 1160 W. Orange Grove Ave., Arcadia, California 91006, U.S.A. © Copyright 1975 A PROPOSED REVISION OF NON-ARCTIC PARNASSIUS PHOEBUS FARRICIUS IN NORTH AMERICA (PAPILIONIDAE)1 CLIFFORD D. FERRIS2 College of Engineering, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071 The subspecies of Parnassius phoebus Fabricius in North America have been in a state of confusion for a number of years. This is, in part, a result of the papers published by Bryk and Eisner in the 1930s and later by Eisner in the 1950s and 1960s. McDunnough, 1936a, b took exception to some of their work, but most of the Bryk and Eisner taxa persist. Additional names have been proposed by Bang-Haas and Wyatt. Other workers who have contributed to the nomenclature in this species include Doubleday, H. and W. H. Edwards, Holland, Neumoegen, Stichel, Wright, and several others whose taxa were sunk into synonomy by dos Passos in 1964. If forms are counted, then there are forty-four names recognized by dos Passos. Four ad¬ ditional subspecies and several form names have been proposed since completion and publication of the dos Passos checklist. Of these more than fifty names, five apply to arctic races and the remainder apply to populations associated with southwestern Canada and the western United States. In addition, Bryk and Eisner have published a number of infraspecific names not rec¬ ognized by dos Passos. At this point, one must examine taxonomic philosophy. There are “lumpers” (everything is Parnassius phoebus), “middle-of- the-roaders” (there are some valid subspecies), and “splitters” (specimen A has a spot that specimen B lacks, thus they are nomenclaturally distinct). Our European colleagues tend to be “splitters” to a greater degree than workers in the U.S. and have carried this process to extremes in some instances. Eisner, 1955b, cites ten “aberrational” names to be applied to both wings in Parnassius, twenty-seven such names to be applied to FW vari- ublished with the approval of the Director, Wyoming Agricultural Ex¬ periment Station as Journal Article no. JA 835. 2Research Associate, Allun Museum of Entomology, Sarasota, Florida; Mu¬ seum Associate, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Los An¬ geles, California 1 o CLIFFORD D. FERRIS /. Res. Lepid. ations, and thirty names for HW variants. These apply to ground color, marginal fascia, spot size, color of spots, etc. and are ap¬ plied singly or in combination, e.g. Parnassius phoebus sayii form magna + quadropicta + albopicta + rubroocellata. The latter translates as a specimen of P. ph. sayii which is especially large, with four red costal spots on the FW that have white centers, and red spots on the HW. Another specimen from the same colony might not be designated “albopicta’ since its FW spots are uniformly red. The foregoing is not intended to belittle any workers, but to indicate the extremes to which nomenclature can be carried; such combinations are found frequently in the Bryk and Eisner literature. Workers in this country tend to recognize variations within a given species as originating from environmental factors, geo¬ graphic isolation, genetic variation, etc. Within given colonies of a butterfly species, there can be variations based upon the gene pool, and in multivoltine species, frequent seasonal vari¬ ations. Blend zones or tension zones are recognized in areas where populations or races overlap. When a strong character, or a group of lesser but consistent characters is recognized which reliably separate groups within a species, then subspecies may be designated. This is the general philosophy espoused by the I.C.Z.N., but the categorization stops at this point. Infraspecific names (forms, aberrations, etc.) are not recognized. In view of the variability of biological entities, this seems a wise policy. With regard to the above introduction, the intent of this paper is to attempt a rational taxonomic review of Parnassius phoebus, with particular regard to the Rocky Mountains. In¬ sufficient study material is available to review the arctic sub¬ species in detail. Several of these taxa are known only from type series housed in European museums. All are perhaps valid taxa as a consequence of extreme geographic isolation. For complete¬ ness, they are listed with their authors, dates, and type localities.