California Highways 1:1 January, 1924

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

California Highways 1:1 January, 1924 v, I 7-1:1. I CALIFORNIA HIGHWAYS OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE CALIFORNIA HIGHWAY COMMISSION --------- Vol. 1 JANUARY, 1924 No.1 l'110rr\])SOU':; Studio. :-1u~an',·m~. PIlot., A hal1(!sOl]le ~pal1 and a safe ul1dercrossillg-'I'he new Devil's Corral Bridge 011 the Susanville :"'ater~,l ill Lassen County Dedicated December 8. 1923. CAl.Il'OllNlA STAT'],; l'RINTING O;'F1CI; •ER. FltAl'J"1{ J. S;\HTlJ. Stlflcrlnteudelit IE SACi1A..Ul'JN'l'O. 1924 :4 C2 California Highway Department California Highway Commission HARVEY M. TOY, Chairman, San Francisco N. T. ED\VARDS, Commissioner, Orange LOUIS EVERDING, Commissioner, Arcata R. M. MORTON, State Highway Engineer, Sacramento PAuL F. FRATESSA, Attorney, San Francisco W. F. MIXON, Secretary, Woodland Headquarters Slaff, Sacramento T. E. STANTON, Assistant State Highway Engineer FRED J. GRUMM, Office Engineer in Charge of Surveys and }Jlans C. S. POPE, Construction Engineer A. ]. WAGNER, Maintenance Engineer H. E. WARRINGTON, Bridge Engineer LOWELL R. SMITH, Purchasing Agent R. H. STALNAKER, Equipment Engineer HERMAN B. \VEAVER, Chief Accountant Div'ision Engineers and Headquarters T. A. BEDFORD, Division I, Willits ]. B. WOODSON, Division VI, Fresno H. S. COMLY (Acting), Division II, Dunsmuir S. V. CORTELYOU (Acting), Division VII, Los Angeles G. R. 'VINSLOW, Division III, Sacramento E. Q. SULLIVAN (Acting), Division VIII, San Bernardino J. H. SKEGGS, Division IV, San Francisco F. G. SOMNER, Division IX, Bishop L. H. GIBSON, Division V, San Luis Obispo ]. C. McLEOD (Acting), Division X, Sacramento General Headquarters, Fifth Floor, Forum Building, Sacramento TABLE OF CONTENTS FRONTISPIECE, Devil's Corral Bridge _ __. Page Roster of the Department. .. "._. Page 2 Policies of tne Highway Commission.... Page 3 ,I By Chairman I'i<lrvey M. Toy. ~nd :i' Sketches of Commissioners Engineer Page 4 ! ! Modification of Contracts during 1923.. _ - .. Page 5 By Robert jy1. Morlon. Governor's Interest in Highways__ .. - __ __ _.. _.. _ __ .. Page 6 By W. F. Mixon. A Message from the Highway Engineer.. .. _.... .. -- .. -- .. Page 7 Highway Work Separate Department.. _ __ _.. __ __ _ Page 8 Purposes of the Bulletin _ -. Page 9 "Juse Among Ourselves" .. -- -.- .. Page JO Reports from the Divisiom -.. ---- -- -.. -- Pages 11·15 M;l.p Showing New Divisions _ _- -.................. Page 16 Two t JANUARY VOL. J 1924 . California Highways No.1 , Policies of the Highway Commission By H.,nvIlv M. Toy, WORKING ON TRUNK LINES. Chairman. Callforni,a Hig'hway COllllllls"lon. Paving and grading contracts are under way or soon will DRING the year in which the present California High­ be under way on the highway between San Diego and Yuma, D. way Commission has been in office its policies h:\ve Arizona. The Victorville to Needles road, another of the been the subject of more or less widespread discussion in the interstate connections 'in the south, has been taken over for newspapers of tne State and are pretty generally understood maintenance. In northern California, we are pushing for­ to be: ward the Truckee River connection with Nevada, the First-Completion of the main trunk lines and Pacific highway, Ilorth of Redding, and the Redwood high­ interstate connections; wa~' up the coast. Second-Thorough maintenance of completed high· Completion of thes~ roads, we are certain, 'will be of great ways and their betterment by widening of cuts) elim­ benefit to the Scate as a whole because it will encourage ination of sharp curves, grade crossings, and other increased travel into and through California from the north, dangers as fast as possible; soueh and east. In nearly every instance, chese main trunk Third-A study of local conditions and the designing of pavements and road types to meet conditions rather lines were contemplated in the first bond issue of 1909 and than the standardization of a single design for general we propose to keep faith with these communities and neigh­ use throughout the State; boring states who are now chiding us for failure to make Fourth-Wider and thicker pavements that will good previous promises. stand up under modern traffic (a minimum of twenty feet in width on main lines and eighteen feet else­ REFINANCING NECESSARY SOON. where); and, Fifth-Widening and thickening of the fifteen-foot Even this restricted program can not be finished before a pavements heretofore constructed as fast as necessary compl'ete refinancing of state highway building is necessary funds become available. and the time when this problem must be met and solved by the people of California is not far distant. "AN OUTSIDE COMMISSION." (Continued on page 6.) In order to better prepare ourselves for the great task of looking after California's state highways, the Commission has traveled from 10,000 to 15,000 miles up and down the THE RECORD FOR 1923 State studying the highways and the problems of each sec­ The following, in brief, is the total of expenditures and mileage of roads completed by the California High­ tion at first hand and in consultation with our engineers and way Department during the year 1923: representatives of local communities. Often, we have been EXPENDITURES. accompanied by Governor Richardson. Second State Highway Fund _ $304,596 55 In carrying forward the work and determining upon a Third State Highway Fund _ 11,769.319 47 Motor Vehicle Fund _ policy for the future, we have endeavored to be <).n outside 3,827,723 05 Miscellaneous funds _ 240,452 60 commISSion. Our decisions have been reached after a per­ Grand total $16, t42,091 57 sonal inspection of the highways in question and after ~il'" iog those interested opportunity to present their views aod FEDERAL AID, suggestions. Federal aid collected, 1923_____________ $3,071,875 66 The same desire to get close to the people, whose servants HIGHWAYS COMPLETED DURING YEAR. we are, has actuated our engineers who have traveled with Miles us from Imperial County on the south to Modoc on the Original cOl15truction .. __ 339.59 north for the purpose of gaining a thorough knowledl/:e of Graded and gravel surface 142.24 Portland concrete base 116.33 the condition of the e..xisting state highways. Asphalt concrete pavement 31.73 In this way, we expect to take advantage of the experience Bituminous macadam __ _ _____ _____ _ 49.29 of the past to the advantage of the users of California high. Reconstructed pavements of various types_ ____ 89.19 ways in the future. Grand total of new work completed . 428.78 We are committed to a policy of completing the maio Work under way and bids pending January 1, interstate connections and this work is going for'M.'\rd in all 1924 (all types) . 346.22 parts of the State as vigorously as present funds, will permit. !-_---------------------"""":;"'../ Thy"" I~Meet the Commissioners and New Engineer H.,~\'tv M. 'fay Lou IS E;VE>OlI<C ·ARVEY M. TOY, S~n Francisco :,". ,j secretary of Northern Redwood H hotelman appointed chairman oj . Lumber Company, in which, uTltil the California Highway Commission . recentlr, he held substantial interests. by Governor Richardson, has back of ~ r~ At the present time he is owner of a him years of active interest in highway large ranch in Eel River Valier, in work. He was president and an aCtive l Humboldt County. Shortly before organizer" of the California-Nevada- his appointment, Mr. Everding made U mh :H igh way Association and for a an automobile tOUl' of the counny in ~ long time has been active the move­ which gave him an opportunity to lllent for an improved highv..ay from observe and stud~' higl"l\vays in many Auburn to the Nevada border throngh states. the Truckee River canyon. Mr. 1'01"5 great ambition is to sec the interst~te trunk lines completed at the earliest ROBERT M. MORTON, ap- possible date. Chairman Toy has large pointed State Highway Engineer property interest~ in the Si\(l Frnncisco bv Governor Richardson, assumed the Ea\' district and is owner and pro­ office with a record of seventeen years' pri~tor of the Hotel Manx. activity as an engll1cer engaged ill h i g h w a)' construction in varying NELSON T. ED WAR D S, of phases. For two years immediateh­ Orange, came to the Rigl way previolls to his appointmellt, he served Commission with a record of manv as S;rn Diego County Highway Engi­ years in public office in Orange Count;' nee, ill charge of construction work where he has served as City Trustee, ulld(~r Previou~ Ronen M. !\foR·rON a county bond issue. Postmaster, County Clerk, County to that he was engineer far Sacramento Sup~rvisor, and a member of the LOUIS EVERDING, of Arcata, for many County. H is first work in the We,l Orange County Highway COlnmis­ \Ta rs has been identified with the lumber was in J90S when he made a stud\' ot sion. As Supervisor and County Com­ ind~strv of Humboldt County. As State highway needs in San Joaquin Co~nt\' lIlissioner he gained much practical ex­ Highw;l' Commissioner, he i~ holding his as a reoresentative of the Bureau of perience in connection with highway first puhlic office. .His cxperience as a Public 'Roads. 'A ye;rr later, he be­ bullding which makes him a valuable builder began when he became assistant c;rme Chief Engineer for the San Joa­ member of the Stat<;: Commission. superintendent of the 'Excelsior Red wood quin County Highway Commission. M· r. Edwards is owner of several He is a gtaduate of 'Vashington Companl', subcontractors for furnishing rock and orange groves, is president of the Jefferson University a"flt] -for a number for the construction of the fi r5t jetties on the Orange Savings Rank, Oran~c Cham­ of years was connected with the ber of Commerce, and is a director and Humboldt Bay bu.
Recommended publications
  • Uncertainty and Hyperinflation: European Inflation Dynamics After World War I
    FEDERAL RESERVE BANK OF SAN FRANCISCO WORKING PAPER SERIES Uncertainty and Hyperinflation: European Inflation Dynamics after World War I Jose A. Lopez Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco Kris James Mitchener Santa Clara University CAGE, CEPR, CES-ifo & NBER June 2018 Working Paper 2018-06 https://www.frbsf.org/economic-research/publications/working-papers/2018/06/ Suggested citation: Lopez, Jose A., Kris James Mitchener. 2018. “Uncertainty and Hyperinflation: European Inflation Dynamics after World War I,” Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco Working Paper 2018-06. https://doi.org/10.24148/wp2018-06 The views in this paper are solely the responsibility of the authors and should not be interpreted as reflecting the views of the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco or the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. Uncertainty and Hyperinflation: European Inflation Dynamics after World War I Jose A. Lopez Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco Kris James Mitchener Santa Clara University CAGE, CEPR, CES-ifo & NBER* May 9, 2018 ABSTRACT. Fiscal deficits, elevated debt-to-GDP ratios, and high inflation rates suggest hyperinflation could have potentially emerged in many European countries after World War I. We demonstrate that economic policy uncertainty was instrumental in pushing a subset of European countries into hyperinflation shortly after the end of the war. Germany, Austria, Poland, and Hungary (GAPH) suffered from frequent uncertainty shocks – and correspondingly high levels of uncertainty – caused by protracted political negotiations over reparations payments, the apportionment of the Austro-Hungarian debt, and border disputes. In contrast, other European countries exhibited lower levels of measured uncertainty between 1919 and 1925, allowing them more capacity with which to implement credible commitments to their fiscal and monetary policies.
    [Show full text]
  • Records of the Immigration and Naturalization Service, 1891-1957, Record Group 85 New Orleans, Louisiana Crew Lists of Vessels Arriving at New Orleans, LA, 1910-1945
    Records of the Immigration and Naturalization Service, 1891-1957, Record Group 85 New Orleans, Louisiana Crew Lists of Vessels Arriving at New Orleans, LA, 1910-1945. T939. 311 rolls. (~A complete list of rolls has been added.) Roll Volumes Dates 1 1-3 January-June, 1910 2 4-5 July-October, 1910 3 6-7 November, 1910-February, 1911 4 8-9 March-June, 1911 5 10-11 July-October, 1911 6 12-13 November, 1911-February, 1912 7 14-15 March-June, 1912 8 16-17 July-October, 1912 9 18-19 November, 1912-February, 1913 10 20-21 March-June, 1913 11 22-23 July-October, 1913 12 24-25 November, 1913-February, 1914 13 26 March-April, 1914 14 27 May-June, 1914 15 28-29 July-October, 1914 16 30-31 November, 1914-February, 1915 17 32 March-April, 1915 18 33 May-June, 1915 19 34-35 July-October, 1915 20 36-37 November, 1915-February, 1916 21 38-39 March-June, 1916 22 40-41 July-October, 1916 23 42-43 November, 1916-February, 1917 24 44 March-April, 1917 25 45 May-June, 1917 26 46 July-August, 1917 27 47 September-October, 1917 28 48 November-December, 1917 29 49-50 Jan. 1-Mar. 15, 1918 30 51-53 Mar. 16-Apr. 30, 1918 31 56-59 June 1-Aug. 15, 1918 32 60-64 Aug. 16-0ct. 31, 1918 33 65-69 Nov. 1', 1918-Jan. 15, 1919 34 70-73 Jan. 16-Mar. 31, 1919 35 74-77 April-May, 1919 36 78-79 June-July, 1919 37 80-81 August-September, 1919 38 82-83 October-November, 1919 39 84-85 December, 1919-January, 1920 40 86-87 February-March, 1920 41 88-89 April-May, 1920 42 90 June, 1920 43 91 July, 1920 44 92 August, 1920 45 93 September, 1920 46 94 October, 1920 47 95-96 November, 1920 48 97-98 December, 1920 49 99-100 Jan.
    [Show full text]
  • Official Gazette Colony and Protectorate of Kenya
    THE OFFICIAL GAZETTE OF THE COLONY AND PROTECTORATE OF KENYA. Published under the Authority of His Excellency the Governor of the Colony and Protectorate of Kenya. [Vol. XXVL—No. 922] NATROBI, January 2, 1924. [Prices 50 Cenrs] Registered as a Newspaper ai the G. P. 0. Published every Wednesday. TABLE OF CONTENTS. PAGE Govt. Notice No, 1—Appointments ves vee ves .. wes vee 2 » 0 ’ 2—A. Bill intituled an Ordinance to Amend the Legislative Conncil Ordinance, 1919 ce Le . Lee . BA4 ” ” ” 3—A Bill intituled an Ordinance to Amend the Native Liquor Ordinance, 1921 wee vee a Lee vee 4 Proclamation No, 1—The Kenya and Uganda (Currency) Order, 1921... vee bee 4 Proclamation No. : 2—The Diseases of Animals Ordinance, 1906 . 5 Govt. Notice No. 4——-Public Health Ordinance, 1921—Notiee ... a vee wes 5 »»» 5-6—The Native Authority Ordinance, 1912—Appointments of Oficial Headmen bee Lee Le ves vee vee 3 Gen. Notices Nos. 1-11—Miscellaneeus Notices ... ve Lee i _ we 5H 2 THE OFFICIAL GAZETTE January 2, 1924. Government Notice No. 1. APPOINTMENTS. W. McHarpy, 0.B.E., M.A., to be Superintendent (Admin- 5. 18816 /930. istrative), Uganda Railway, with effect from Ist January, Guorce Eenest Scarrercoop, to be Accountant, Medical 1924. Department, with effect from the 24th July, 1923. _ A. G. Hicerns, to be Secretary to the Railway Council and CG. M. Bunsury, to be Senior District Engineer, Uganda Private Secretary to the General Manager, Uganda Rail- Railway, with effect from Ist January, 1924. way, with effect from Ist January, 1924.
    [Show full text]
  • Review of Economic Conditions, 1924-1933
    This PDF is a selection from an out-of-print volume from the National Bureau of Economic Research Volume Title: German Business Cycles, 1924-1933 Volume Author/Editor: Carl T. Schmidt Volume Publisher: NBER Volume ISBN: 0-87014-024-8 Volume URL: http://www.nber.org/books/schm34-1 Publication Date: 1934 Chapter Title: Review of Economic Conditions, 1924-1933 Chapter Author: Carl T. Schmidt Chapter URL: http://www.nber.org/chapters/c4934 Chapter pages in book: (p. 25 - 114) CHAPTER TWO REVIEW OF ECONOMIC CONDITIONS, 1924—1933 A. The Course of the Post-Inflation Business Cycles 1.DEPRESSION,HALTING REVIVAL, DEFINITE RECOVERY, 1924-1925 Thestabilization of German currency tore aside the dense veil of paper marks that had obscured the Various business journals, monographs and official reports constitute the source for the materials presented in Part A. Particularly suggestive were Reports of the Agent General for Reparation Payments, 1925—30 (Berlin,1925—30); James W. Angell, The Recovery of Germany; Institut für Konjunkturforschung, Vierteljahrshefte zur Konjunkturforschung, \'ols. '—7 (Reimar Hobbing, Berlin, 1926—32); Fritz Naphtaii, Abbau und Aufbau: Rückblick auf das Wirtschaftsjahr 1925 So- cietats-Druckerei, Frankfurt a.M., 1926); Reichskreditgesellschaft, A-G., Germany's Economic Development, semi-annual analyses, 1926—32 (Ber- lin, 1926—32); C. L. Roedler, Grundzuge der deutschen K,onjunhturbeweg- ung, 1920—25(Frankfurta.M., 1926); Erich Welter, Wachstum: Die deutsche Wirtschaft im Jahre 1927; and Stockung: Die Wirt- schaft im Jahre 1929(FrankfurterSocietäts-Druckerei, Frankfurt a.M., 1928 and 1930); also Dreifache Krise... (Societäts-Verlag,Frankfurt a.M., 1931). 25] features of German economy.
    [Show full text]
  • The Treaty of Versailles, Inflation and Stabilization
    This PDF is a selection from an out-of-print volume from the National Bureau of Economic Research Volume Title: German Business Cycles, 1924-1933 Volume Author/Editor: Carl T. Schmidt Volume Publisher: NBER Volume ISBN: 0-87014-024-8 Volume URL: http://www.nber.org/books/schm34-1 Publication Date: 1934 Chapter Title: The Treaty of Versailles, Inflation and Stabilization Chapter Author: Carl T. Schmidt Chapter URL: http://www.nber.org/chapters/c4933 Chapter pages in book: (p. 1 - 24) GERMAN BUSINESS CYCLES 1924—1933 CHAPTER ONE THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES, INFLATION AND STABILIZATION THE fateful decade of war, revolution and currency inflation— 1914—24—witnessed sweeping changes in the economic life of Germany. On the eve of the World War, Germany was one of the great economic powers of the world. In industrial activity, in world commerce, in international finance, in the aggres- siveness and resourcefulness of its business leaders, it challenged or surpassed every one of its rivals. Tenyears later the formerly powerful German economy was perilously near the brink of chaos. The tremendous spiritual and material demands of a disastrous war,the acceptance of thesevere provisions of the treaty of peace, the domestic in- stability attending political revolution, and the catastrophic currency inflation—these factors had wrought havoc in the business life of the nation. Some notion of the economic consequences of Germany's defeat in the World War and of its plunge into the maelstrom of inflation is essential 3] to an appreciation of the character of the fluctua- tions in its economy after the return to more stable conditions, for certain peculiar features of these fluctuations were intimately related to structural changes imposed upon it by the War, the peace treaty and the currency inflation.
    [Show full text]
  • The Ends of Four Big Inflations
    This PDF is a selection from an out-of-print volume from the National Bureau of Economic Research Volume Title: Inflation: Causes and Effects Volume Author/Editor: Robert E. Hall Volume Publisher: University of Chicago Press Volume ISBN: 0-226-31323-9 Volume URL: http://www.nber.org/books/hall82-1 Publication Date: 1982 Chapter Title: The Ends of Four Big Inflations Chapter Author: Thomas J. Sargent Chapter URL: http://www.nber.org/chapters/c11452 Chapter pages in book: (p. 41 - 98) The Ends of Four Big Inflations Thomas J. Sargent 2.1 Introduction Since the middle 1960s, many Western economies have experienced persistent and growing rates of inflation. Some prominent economists and statesmen have become convinced that this inflation has a stubborn, self-sustaining momentum and that either it simply is not susceptible to cure by conventional measures of monetary and fiscal restraint or, in terms of the consequent widespread and sustained unemployment, the cost of eradicating inflation by monetary and fiscal measures would be prohibitively high. It is often claimed that there is an underlying rate of inflation which responds slowly, if at all, to restrictive monetary and fiscal measures.1 Evidently, this underlying rate of inflation is the rate of inflation that firms and workers have come to expect will prevail in the future. There is momentum in this process because firms and workers supposedly form their expectations by extrapolating past rates of inflation into the future. If this is true, the years from the middle 1960s to the early 1980s have left firms and workers with a legacy of high expected rates of inflation which promise to respond only slowly, if at all, to restrictive monetary and fiscal policy actions.
    [Show full text]
  • Yesterday's News: Media Framing of Hitler's Early Years, 1923-1924
    92 — The Elon Journal of Undergraduate Research in Communications, Vol. 6, No. 1 • Spring 2015 Yesterday’s News: Media Framing of Hitler’s Early Years, 1923-1924 Katherine Blunt Journalism and History Elon University Abstract This research used media framing theory to assess newspaper coverage of Hitler published in The New York Times, The Christian Science Monitor, and The Washington Post between 1923 and 1924. An analysis of about 200 articles revealed “credible” and “non-credible” frames relating to his political influence. Prior to Hitler’s trial for treason in 1924, the credible frame was slightly more prevalent. Following his subsequent conviction, the non-credible frame dominated coverage, with reports often presenting Hitler’s failure to over- throw the Bavarian government as evidence of his lack of political skill. This research provides insight into the way American media cover foreign leaders before and after a tipping point—one or more events that call into question their political efficacy. I. Introduction The resentment, suspicion, and chaos that defined global politics during the Great arW continued into the 1920s. Germany plunged into a state of political and economic turmoil following the ratification of the punitive Treaty of Versailles, and the Allies watched with trepidation as it struggled to make reparations pay- ments. The bill — equivalent to 33 billion dollars then and more than 400 billion dollars today — grew increas- ingly daunting as the value of the mark fell from 400 to the dollar in 1922 to 7,000 to the dollar at the start of 1923, when Bavaria witnessed the improbable rise of an Austrian-born artist-turned-politician who channeled German outrage into a nationalistic, anti-Semitic movement that came to be known as the Nazi Party.1 Ameri- can media outlets, intent on documenting the chaotic state of post-war Europe, took notice of Adolf Hitler as he attracted a following and, through their coverage, essentially introduced him to the American public.
    [Show full text]
  • Survey of Current Business April 1925
    MONTHLY SUPPLEMENT TO COMMER.CE REPORTS UNITED STATES .DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE W A.SHINGTON SURVE.y··.oF . .- CURRENT• BUSINESS : APRIL, 1925 No. 44 COMPILED BY BUREAU OF THE CENSUS. BUREAU OF FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC' COMMERCE - ' ' . BUREAU. OF STANDARDS IMPORTANT NOTICE.· .In aid#ion to figurer given jrom Gover~ment sources, there· are also incorporated tor completeness oj service figures from other sources generally :accepted by the trades; authcr#y akl responsibility 'fat: .wMch are nOtea in t~ <(Sources qf, Data~' on PIJA]eS I6o-I63 .ojthe Februp;ry, ICJ25, issue . SubscriiJtion price c>f the SuRVEY elF CuRRENT BusiNEss is '$1.50a year; single: copie~ (monthly) lO·~ents; qua~erly , . issues, 20 cents.. 'Foreign Sl,l:bscriptions, $~25: single c()pies (monthly issues) including postage, 14 cents; quarterly issues,, 31 cents .. ' ~i.tbscriptipn p~:ice of COMMERCE R:EPQllTS is $4 a year; with the Su:RVEY $5.50 a' year •. Make ' .remittances only to SuJ!erint~pdent. c>fDocumeitts, Washington, D.C., by postal mpney order, express order, or New . · . York draft. Currency at sender's ris.k. Postage stamps· or foreign molle.Y. not accepted . INTRODUCTION The SURVEY OF CURRENT BusiNESS is des~ed to numbers ·of less importance . have been temporarily present. eachmonth a :(>ic~ure of the busin~ s1tuatio~ omitted. by setting forth the prmcipal facts regarding the van­ The relative numbers are computed by allowing the ous lines of trade and industry. At.semiannual inter­ monthly average for the base year or period to equal vals detailed tables are published giving, for each item, 100.
    [Show full text]
  • C. 767. M. 269. 1924. Ii
    U<istributed to the Council and C. 767. M. 269. 1924. II. 1 the Members of the League.] LEAGUE OF NATIONS Geneva, December 23rd, 1924. GREEK REFUGEES Fourth Quarterly Report on the Operations of the Refugee Settlement Commission. Athens, November 25th, 1924. The preceding report of the Refugee Settlement Commission as regards financial work covered the period from January 1st to August 15th ; as regards the Agricultural Settlement, from January 1st to July 31st, and as regards the Urban Settlement, from January 1st to August 31st. H The present report deals with all the work up to October 31st. In the first place, it is gratifying to observe that the exchange of populations has nearly come to an end. At most, there can only be some few thousand more exchangeable Greeks to arrive from Asia Minor. It will be a great relief when the exchange is completed because in Greece, which is overcrowded with refugees, any new arrival is infinitely more difficult to settle and establish in a productive occupation than those who came in the first wave of j*iigration. There are no statistics to show the numbers of the refugees, and perhaps no exact record can ever be compiled, because, in addition to those who passed through the official exchange organisations, there were many others who came over of their own accord. Some of these, especially the earliest to arrive, have been so well absorbed into the population of Old Greece that they can no longer be regarded as refugees. We now have yet another category of “ independent ” refugees : those who are considered as “ established ” but who, nevertheless, are leaving Constantinople for pecuniary or other reasons.
    [Show full text]
  • Special Libraries, January 1924
    San Jose State University SJSU ScholarWorks Special Libraries, 1924 Special Libraries, 1920s 1-1-1924 Special Libraries, January 1924 Special Libraries Association Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/sla_sl_1924 Part of the Cataloging and Metadata Commons, Collection Development and Management Commons, Information Literacy Commons, and the Scholarly Communication Commons Recommended Citation Special Libraries Association, "Special Libraries, January 1924" (1924). Special Libraries, 1924. 1. https://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/sla_sl_1924/1 This Book is brought to you for free and open access by the Special Libraries, 1920s at SJSU ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Special Libraries, 1924 by an authorized administrator of SJSU ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Vol. 15 January, 1924 No. 1 b ?yewspaper Libraries Their History, Function and Methods: a Symposium by Librarians in Various Parts of the Country. Published Monthly Except July and August by THE SPECIAL LIBRARIES ASSOCIATION 958-972 University Ave.. New York, N. Y. Checks should be made out to the Association and malled to Laura R. Gibbs, Secretary-Treasurer, 142 Berkeley Street, Boston 17, Mass, Rates: 84.00 a year, Fonlgn 14.50, dnglc copicm 30 cents SPECIAL LIBRARIES ASSOCIATION DIRECTORY OFFICERS pRESI~~N~-EdwardH. IIedstone, State Librarian, State Housc, Boston, Mass. IST \~~~E-I'AESI~~~.:NT-D~~S~~\\'. Ilyde, Jr, Cliarnbcr of Conlmercc of thc U. S, A., Washington, D.C. PND VICE-PR&SIDE~'~-I~LI~~G. Nicllols, Libn., Fedcral Rcscrve Bank, Chicago, Ill. s~~~~~~,I~{Y-TI<EAsuREI~-L~L~~~R. Gibh, Inforrnat~o~~Chief, Tel-U-Wherc Company, 143 Bcrkelcy St., Boston.
    [Show full text]
  • A Turning Point for the Weimar Republic
    1923 - A Turning Point for the Weimar Republic 1923 - A Turning Point for the Weimar Republic The Invasion of the Ruhr Following defeat in the First World War, Germany’s economy was in turmoil. However, in 1921 the allied powers decided – as required by the Treaty of Versailles – that the total sum of reparations to be paid by Germany would amount to 229 million Goldmarks, a sum that was to be changed later. Since Germany was not even close to being able to pay that sum, it was decided that the total had to be paid within 42 years. As early as 1922 Germany could not keep up with the payment of reparations, but the French in particular were determined to force Germany to pay what they owed. In January 1923 the French government lots its patience and sent troops to invade the Ruhr, Germany’s most valuable industrial area. The French believed that they had every right to occupy the area to extract the reparations themselves. The French prime minister at the time, Raymond Poincare, said that letting the Germans break the terms of the Treaty of Versailles in regards of the war reparations, would create a precedent that would lead Germany to ignore the rest of the Treaty. The French and Belgian troops took over the iron and steel factories, coal mines and railways. Those Germans who lived in the Ruhr and were considered not to be cooperating were imprisoned. Weimar’s government responded by ordering the workers in the Ruhr to go on strike. It also ordered all people in the Ruhr to passively resist the French and Belgian soldiers.
    [Show full text]
  • Timeline Presentation
    LESSON 4.2 TIMELINE June 1919 The Treaty of Versailles The Treaty of Versailles was signed in France in 1919. After the loss of World War I, Germany had to accept full responsibility for starting the war. Many Germans were shocked and angered over the terms of the treaty which deprived Germany of significant military power and territory, and imposed financial penalties. Allied delegates in the Hall of Mirrors at Versailles witness the German delegation’s acceptance of the terms of the Treaty Of Versailles, the treaty formally ending World War I. Versailles, France, June 28, 1919. National Archives and Records Administration, College Park, MD ushmm.org State of Deception: The Power of Nazi Propaganda August 1919 Ratification of Weimar constitution A national assembly drafted a democratic constitution, a new and unfamiliar form of government for Germans, initiated in the wake of World War I. Fearing the unknown, the delegates agreed to the inclusion of Article 48. The article allowed the democratic government to suspend basic rights in order to stabilize the country during a national crisis or emergency. ushmm.org State of Deception: The Power of Nazi Propaganda February 1920 Hitler presented 25-point program In this 25-point program, Nazi Party members publicly declared their intention to segregate Jews from “Aryan” society and to abrogate Jews’ political, legal, and civil rights. Point 4 stated: “ Only a national comrade can be a citizen. Only someone of German blood, regardless of faith, can be a citizen. Therefore, no Jew can be a citizen.” Pamphlet outlining the National Socialist Party 25-point program.
    [Show full text]