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Clinical Anesthesia 4Th Edition (January 2001): by MD Paul G Please purchase PDFcamp Printer on http://www.verypdf.com/ to remove this watermark. Clinical Anesthesia 4th edition (January 2001): by MD Paul G. Barash (Editor), MD Bruce F. Cullen (Editor), MD Robert K. Stoelting (Editor) By Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Publishers By OkDoKeY Please purchase PDFcamp Printer on http://www.verypdf.com/ to remove this watermark. Clinical Anesthesia CONTENTS Editors Preface Contributing Authors Dedication I INTRODUCTION TO ANESTHESIA PRACTICE Chapter 1. The History of Anesthesiology Judith A. Toski, Douglas R. Bacon, and Rod K. Calverley Chapter 2. Practice Management George Mychaskiw II and John H. Eichhorn Chapter 3. Experimental Design and Statistics Nathan Leon Pace Chapter 4. Hazards of Working in the Operating Room Arnold J. Berry and Jonathan D. Katz Chapter 5. Professional Liability, Risk Management, and Quality Improvement Karen L. Posner, Frederick W. Cheney, and Donald A. Kroll Chapter 6. Value-Based Anesthesia Practice, Resource Utilization, and Operating Room Management Kenneth J. Tuman and Anthony D. Ivankovich II BASIC PRINCIPLES OF ANESTHESIA PRACTICE Chapter 7. Cellular and Molecular Mechanics of Anesthesia Alex S. Evers Chapter 8. Electrical Safety Jan Ehrenwerth Chapter 9. Acid-Base, Fluids, and Electrolytes Donald S. Prough and Mali Mathru Chapter 10. Hemotherapy and Hemostasis Charise T. Petrovitch and John C. Drummond III BASIC PRINCIPLES OF PHARMACOLOGY IN ANESTHESIA PRACTICE Chapter 11. Basic Principles of Clinical Pharmacology Please purchase PDFcamp Printer on http://www.verypdf.com/ to remove this watermark. Robert J. Hudson Chapter 12. Autonomic Nervous System: Physiology and Pharmacology Noel W. Lawson and Joel O. Johnson Chapter 13. Nonopioid Intravenous Anesthesia Jen W. Chiu and Paul F. White Chapter 14. Opioids Barbara A. Coda Chapter 15. Inhalation Anesthesia Thomas J. Ebert and Phillip G. Schmid III Chapter 16. Muscle Relaxants David R. Bevan and Francçois Donati Chapter 17. Local Anesthetics Spencer S. Liu and Peter S. Hodgson IV PREPARING FOR ANESTHESIA Chapter 18. Preoperative Evaluation Lee A. Fleisher Chapter 19. Anesthesia for Patients with Rare and Coexisting Diseases Stephen F. Dierdorf Chapter 20. Malignant Hyperthermia and Other Pharmacogenetic Disorders Henry Rosenberg, Jeffrey E. Fletcher, and Barbara W. Brandom Chapter 21. Preoperative Medication John R. Moyers and Carla M. Vincent Chapter 22. Delivery Systems for Inhaled Anesthetics J. Jeffrey Andrews and Russell C. Brockwell Chapter 23. Airway Management William H. Rosenblatt Chapter 24. Patient Positioning Mark A. Warner and John T. Martin Chapter 25. Monitoring the Anesthetized Patient Glenn S. Murphy and Jeffrey S. Vender V MANAGEMENT OF ANESTHESIA Chapter 26. Epidural and Spinal Anesthesia Christopher M. Bernards Chapter 27. Peripheral Nerve Blockade Michael F. Mulroy Chapter 28. Anesthesia for Neurosurgery Audrée A. Bendo, Ira S. Kass, John Hartung, and James E. Cottrell Chapter 29. Respiratory Function in Anesthesia Please purchase PDFcamp Printer on http://www.verypdf.com/ to remove this watermark. M. Christine Stock Chapter 30. Anesthesia for Thoracic Surgery James B. Eisenkraft, Edmond Cohen, and Steven M. Neustein Chapter 31. Cardiovascular Anatomy and Physiology Carol L. Lake Chapter 32. Anesthesia for Cardiac Surgery Serle K. Levin, W. Chase Boyd, Peter T. Rothstein, and Stephen J. Thomas Chapter 33. Anesthesia for Vascular Surgery John E. Ellis, Michael F. Roizen, Srinivas Mantha, Gary Tzeng, and Tina Desai Chapter 34. Anesthesia and the Eye Kathryn E. McGoldrick Chapter 35. Anesthesia for Otolaryngologic Surgery Alexander W. Gotta, Lynne R. Ferrari, and Colleen A. Sullivan Chapter 36. The Renal System and Anesthesia for Urologic Surgery Terri G. Monk and B. Craig Weldon Chapter 37. Anesthesia and Obesity and Gastrointestinal Disorders F. Peter Buckley and Kenneth Martay Chapter 38. Anesthesia for Minimally Invasive Procedures Anthony J. Cunningham and Noreen Dowd Chapter 39. Anesthesia and the Liver Phillip S. Mushlin and Simon Gelman Chapter 40. Anesthesia for Orthopaedic Surgery Terese T. Horlocker and Denise J. Wedel Chapter 41. Anesthesia and the Endocrine System Jeffrey J. Schwartz, Stanley H. Rosenbaum, and George J. Graf Chapter 42. Obstetric Anesthesia Alan C. Santos, David A. O'Gorman, and Mieczyslaw Finster Chapter 43. Neonatal Anesthesia Frederic A. Berry and Barbara A. Castro Chapter 44. Pediatric Anesthesia Joseph P. Cravero and Linda Jo Rice Chapter 45. Anesthesia for the Geriatric Patient Stanley Muravchick Chapter 46. Anesthesia for Ambulatory Surgery J. Lance Lichtor Chapter 47. Monitored Anesthesia Care Simon C. Hillier Chapter 48. Trauma and Burns Levon M. Capan and Sanford M. Miller Chapter 49. The Allergic Response Please purchase PDFcamp Printer on http://www.verypdf.com/ to remove this watermark. Jerrold H. Levy Chapter 50. Drug Interactions Carl Rosow Chapter 51. Anesthesia Provided at Alternative Sites Charles E. Laurito Chapter 52. Anesthesia for Organ Transplantation Leonard L. Firestone and Susan Firestone VI POST ANESTHESIA AND CONSULTANT PRACTICE Chapter 53. Postoperative Recovery Roger S. Mecca Chapter 54. Management of Acute Postoperative Pain Timothy R. Lubenow, Anthony D. Ivankovich, and Robert J. McCarthy Chapter 55. Chronic Pain Management Stephen E. Abram and Christian R. Schlicht Chapter 56. ICU: Critical Care Morris Brown Chapter 57. Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Charles W. Otto APPENDIX: Electrocardiography James R. Zaidan and Paul G. Barash Please purchase PDFcamp Printer on http://www.verypdf.com/ to remove this watermark. Edited by Paul G. Barash, MD Professor, Department of Anesthesiology Yale University School of Medicine Attending Anesthesiologist Yale–New Haven Hospital New Haven, Connecticut Bruce F. Cullen, MD Professor, Department of Anesthesiology University of Washington School of Medicine Anesthesiologist-in-Chief Harborview Medical Center Seattle, Washington Robert K. Stoelting, MD Professor and Chair, Department of Anesthesia Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis, Indiana Please purchase PDFcamp Printer on http://www.verypdf.com/ to remove this watermark. PREFACE The twelve years since the publication of the first edition of Clinical Anesthesia have witnessed some of the most significant advances our specialty has ever seen. In 1989, the term “managed care” was a new phrase in the health-care lexicon. In contrast, both the medical and economic considerations now play an important role in the care of all patients. The mortality rate from all anesthetic causes has plummeted, and operating rooms are now considered among the safest sites in the hospital. Anesthesiologists are pioneers in maintaining a safe environment for our patients, and the techniques we have used are now being emulated and adopted by initiatives from the federal government and other medical specialties. In addition, anesthesiologists are now “perioperative physicians” supervising care in a variety of locations from preoperative evaluation clinics, to intensive care units and pain clinics, and to operating room sites as varied as the cardiac OR and a physician’s office. Finally, both critical care and pain are now recognized subspecialties of anesthesiology, pediatric anesthesia is now recognized for fellowship status, and certification can be achieved for transesophageal echocardiography. It is with this background of vast change that we have undertaken the editorial process for the fourth edition of Clinical Anesthesia. New paradigms for OR management and cost containment are highlighted. Our safety and that of our patients is extensively reviewed with particular emphasis on latex allergy. Recent developments are enhancing our understanding of the mechanism of action of anesthetics, and this research has important implications for the creation of new anesthetic agents. The preanesthetic clinic is becoming a major focus of activity, since it serves as an important gateway to the OR. Efficient, medically appropriate, and cost-effective care is covered extensively. With the rapid proliferation of new drugs, publicity about medical errors related to drug administration, and public concern about herbal preparations, the addition of an entirely new chapter on drug interactions and anesthesia is timely. Newer monitoring techniques, including transesophageal echocardiography and transcranial Doppler, are discussed in several chapters including those on neuroanesthesia, cardiac anesthesia, and monitoring. Minimally invasive surgery presents challenges to the anesthesiologist and enhances our ability to contribute significantly to the care of the patient. Here again, in addition to a chapter specifically focused on minimally invasive surgical procedures, a number of contributors have emphasized the critical issues for patient management in their individual chapters. With an increasing number of patients in the geriatric age group, even relatively noncomplex surgical procedures pose a significant anesthetic challenge. The geriatrics chapter has been considerably revised to reflect this concern. As trauma continues to be a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in the United States, the updated chapter on anesthesia for trauma provides an excellent review of the many new methods for treatment of trauma patients. The extensive use of conscious sedation protocols not only in the OR but throughout the hospital has placed the anesthesiologist in a leadership role for our peers. The relevant chapter serves to prepare us to enter these discussions with a
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