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Index Note: Page numbers for fi gures are in italics . Abbey Park (Leicester) 94, 94 Airborne LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) 167 Abercrombie, Patrick (1879–1957) 265 Aislabie, William (1700–1781) 377 Aberglasney Gardens (Carmarthenshire) 248 Alexandra Road (Camden, London), signifi cance access and equality 301–307 137 , 137–139 access audit/chain 303 , 303–304 conservation philosophy 138–139 cobbles 304–305, 305 Alhambra Gardens (Spain) 421–429, 422 conservation management plan (CMP) conservation 428 and 302–303 archive records 428 design principles 304 surveys 428 disability, defi nition of 301 design Easy Access to Historic Landscapes (EA, 2005) Court of the Lions 424, 425 , 426 302–303, 306 Court of the Myrtles 424, 425 , 426 health benefi ts 301–302 Generalife 423 , 423–424, 426 National Trust 304 infl uences 422 ‘Conservation for Access’ toolkit 19 religion 421–422 Sensory Trust 302 structures 424 staff and 306 history 421 travel and transport 305–306 plantings 427, 427 visitor information 306 rauda (burial area) 426 accuracy, historical see authenticity visitor restrictions 427 aerial surveys 150, 163–171 water features 426 archaeology and 168 All Souls ’ Cemetery (Kensal Green, London) 104 collections 166–167 Alpine Region 335 English Heritage 166 Amstelveen Heem Parks (Netherlands) 225–226 conservation, role in 169–170 Ancient Monuments Act (1882) xvii Elizabethan Garden (Kenilworth Castle) 340 ancient trees 154 , 155, 156 New Hall (Essex) 169 , 169–170 Ancient Tree Forum (ATF) 153 Risby Hall (East Yorkshire) 165, 165 apprentice system 230–232, 231 Wrest Park (Bedfordshire) 164 , 164–165 Richard Review of Apprentices in England cropmarks 164 (Richard, 2012) 232–233 features 165 arboriculture function of 163–164, 170 ancient trees see ancient trees interpretation skills 166 canopy expansion 218 mapping archaeological features 168, 170 climate change 213–215, 214 National Mapping ProgrammeCOPYRIGHTED (NMP) 168 compartmentalisation MATERIAL of decay in trees (CODIT) oblique 166 154 soilmarks 165 conservation arboriculture 153–162 technology 167 Arthur Clough Oak (Oxford) 157, 158 Airborne LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) Hestercombe (Somerset) 347 167, 186 Lowther Castle and Gardens (Cumbria) vertical 166 411–412 World War II, impact of 167 Yorkshire Sculpture Park (YSP) (Wakefi eld) aesthetic values 175 388, 389 , 391 Gardens & Landscapes in Historic Building Conservation, First Edition. Edited by Marion Harney. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Published 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Index crown retrenchment 156, 157 of labour 224 culture and 158–159 period-correct horticulture 2, 143, 146–148 dead wood 159–160 restoration and 15 fungi 159–160 vegetation management and 218 ecosystems 153–154 autobiographical site, Monticello see Monticello water in 160 (Virginia, USA) lifecycle stages 156, 156 pests and diseases see pests and diseases Bains Report (1972) 96 site surveys 186–187 Bali Province (Indonesia) 327–328 trees, legal protection of see legal protection Bampfylde, Copelstone Warre (1720–1791) 345, vernacular approaches 348 coppicing 158 Hestercombe see Hestercombe (Somerset) pollarding 158–159 bandstands 200, 200 veteran tree 155, 156, 160–161 Roberts Park (Bradford) 285 archaeology 149–152 Bath Spa Conservation Area 280, 280 accuracy in restoration and see authenticity, Battersea Park (London) 196 historical battlefi elds, registered 276 archaeology watching brief 250 Baxter Park (Dundee) 199 conservation approach (National Trust) 14, 15 Bickling Hall (Norfolk) 15–16 Kenilworth Castle (Warwickshire) 62–63, Bill of Quantities 244 63 , 64 Birkenhead Park (Birkenhead) 198–199 land use and 150 blind visitors Monticello (Virginia, USA) 418–419 access to historic landscapes see access and surveys equality aerial surveys see aerial surveys visitor information for 306 dendro-archaeological survey 349 Blore, Edward (1787–1879), Crom Castle see Crom geophysical survey 151 Castle (Northern Ireland) site surveys 187, 248 Bretton Estate 385–386 techniques 149–150 Bridgeman, Charles (1690–1738) 43, 52, 52 desk-based studies 150 Stowe 69 excavation 151–152 Brookwood Cemetery (Woking) 106–107 fi eldwork 151 Brown, Lancelot (1716–83) 51, 280, 281 architecture Croome Park (Worcestershire) see Croome Park defi nition 26 (Worcestershire) garden buildings see historic structures Stowe 69, 70 Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB) buildings see historic structures 277 Buildings at Risk Register (English Heritage) see Arnos Vale Cemetery (Bristol) 288–289 English Heritage art and design see design Burial Boards see cemeteries Arthur Clough Oak (Oxford) 157, 158 Burra Charter xvi ash dieback 210 Attingham Park (Shropshire) 43–46 CAD (computer aided design) 249 Cedar Grove 45 Cadw xviii, 292, 294 Garden Plantation 44 see also Register of Parks and Gardens of Special Mile Walk 43 , 43–44 Historic Interest in England Miller Memorial Garden 44–45 ‘Capability’ Brown see Brown, Lancelot Stables Shrubbery 44 (1716–83) Walled Gardens 45–46 cast iron furniture 87 , 87–88 Bee house 45 Castle Drogo (Dartmoor) 33–35, 34 , 277, 277 Gardener ’ s entrance 46 rose garden 34 Plantation 45 setting 33–34 Polite entrance 45 cemeteries 101–115 authenticity, historical 4–5, 56 Arnos Vale Cemetery (Bristol) 288–289 archaeology and 58 burial reform 102 Privy Garden, Hampton Court Palace (London) commercial (19th Century) 102–103 58, 59 Key Hill Cemetery (Birmingham) 104 archive records and 14–15 St James ’ Cemetery (Liverpool) 103 , 103–104 see also researching historic places commercial (London) 104–105 436 Cascade at Chiswick (London) 4, 6 All Souls ’ Cemetery (Kensal Green) 104 Elizabethan Garden (Kenilworth Castle) 340 design 105 conservation of 111–114 conservation management plans and 212, Index anti-social behaviour 112, 112 216 monuments 112–113, 133 holistic view and lessons from past 211–212 vegetation removal 112 lawn 214 defi nition 101 management experts 215 early English cemeteries 102 water features 214 General Cemetery Company 104–105 projections 208–209 memorialisation 111 trees 211–213, 214 municipal ‘burial board’ cemeteries 107–110 composition of woodland 214 Clutton, Henry (1819–93) 110, 110 species selection, complexity 213–214, 214 Crabbe Creeke, Christopher (1820–86) 109, views and vistas 215 109 Clutton, Henry (1819–93) 110, 110 design 108–110 cobbles 304–305, 305 Paxton, Joseph (1803–65) 107 communal values 175 Plymouth Road Cemetery (Tavistock, Devon) compartmentalisation of decay in trees (CODIT) 110, 110 154 Wimborne Road Cemetery (Bournemouth) computer aided design (CAD) 249 109, 109 computer simulation, garden design 5 private to public burial 105–107 conjectural detailing xvi, 64 Brookwood Cemetery (Woking) 106–107 landscape 130 Loudon, John (1783–1843) 106 planting 60 rauda , Alhambra Gardens (Spain) 426 conservation, historic twentieth-century 110–111 acceptance of change 26, 61–62 War Graves Commission 111 Environment Agency, role in 61–62 Central Park (New York, USA) 431–434 art and design see design design 431–432 defi nition 130 designers 431–432 evaluation 29 Harlem Meer 433 legislation 249 history 431 see also legislation; planning control Moses, Robert 432 management 26, 29 restoration 432–434, 433 National Trust ’ s approach see National Trust conservation management plan 432 new work see new work funding 433–434 philosophical approaches see philosophical maintenance and management 434 approaches visitor facilities 433 plan see Conservation Management Plan (CMP) Charters (international law) 336 principles, evolution of 55–65 Cheetham Hill Park (Manchester) 96, 96 Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS) children 56 gardening skills 233, 233 historicist 55 as visitors modernist approach 55–56 Castle Drogo (Dartmoor) 34 priority 29 Central Park (New York, USA) 434 site archive 64 Chippendale, Thomas (1718–79) 80, 81 site/setting 25 Chiswick House and Garden (London) 60, 61 , 287, staffi ng see staff 287 surveys see surveys Cascade 4, 6 terminology xvi Italian Garden 63 types of heritage climate change 208–219 cemeteries see cemeteries England Biodiversity Strategy (Defra, 2008) gardens see gardens 217–218, 218 landscape see landscapes evidence for 208 plants see plants extreme weather events 208 , 208–210 upkeep 26 fl oods, droughts and temperature extremes value of 9 208 , 208–209, 216 visitor traffi c 18–19, 19 holistic view of impact 211–212 see also restoration storms (Great Storm, 1987) 209, 256 Conservation Areas Heritage Counts (English Heritage, 2008) 216 designation 279–280 pests and diseases see pests and diseases Milton Abbas (Dorset) 280, 281 planning adaptation in historic parks and Parade Gardens (Bath) 280, 280 437 gardens 210–215 planning consent and 279 Index legal protection 295–296 demographics 234–235, 235 trees in 298 gardening, historical approaches 142–143 ‘Conservation for Access’ toolkit (National Trust) head gardeners see head gardeners xxi–xxii, 19 Heritage Lottery Fund (HLF) 287 Conservation Management Plan (CMP) xvi–xvii, skills shortage 148, 234 xix, 68 stone work 253–254 climate change and 212, 217 Worcester College (Oxford) 235, 235 – 236 content Crom Castle (Northern Ireland) 31–33, 32 access and equality 302–303 house and gardens 31–32 analysis of site/surveys 188 old house 32 appendices 190–191 walled garden 33 gazetteer 190 water 32–33 key elements 129 Croome Park (Worcestershire) 73–78 management action plan 190 Dunstall Castle 74 , 74–75 defi nition 173, 182 restoration approach 75 development process 173, 176, 181–191 towers 75 research see researching historic places