Index
Note: Page numbers for fi gures are in italics .
Abbey Park (Leicester) 94, 94 Airborne LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) 167 Abercrombie, Patrick (1879–1957) 265 Aislabie, William (1700–1781) 377 Aberglasney Gardens (Carmarthenshire) 248 Alexandra Road (Camden, London), signifi cance access and equality 301–307 137 , 137–139 access audit/chain 303 , 303–304 conservation philosophy 138–139 cobbles 304–305, 305 Alhambra Gardens (Spain) 421–429, 422 conservation management plan (CMP) conservation 428 and 302–303 archive records 428 design principles 304 surveys 428 disability, defi nition of 301 design Easy Access to Historic Landscapes (EA, 2005) Court of the Lions 424, 425 , 426 302–303, 306 Court of the Myrtles 424, 425 , 426 health benefi ts 301–302 Generalife 423 , 423–424, 426 National Trust 304 infl uences 422 ‘Conservation for Access’ toolkit 19 religion 421–422 Sensory Trust 302 structures 424 staff and 306 history 421 travel and transport 305–306 plantings 427, 427 visitor information 306 rauda (burial area) 426 accuracy, historical see authenticity visitor restrictions 427 aerial surveys 150, 163–171 water features 426 archaeology and 168 All Souls ’ Cemetery (Kensal Green, London) 104 collections 166–167 Alpine Region 335 English Heritage 166 Amstelveen Heem Parks (Netherlands) 225–226 conservation, role in 169–170 Ancient Monuments Act (1882) xvii Elizabethan Garden (Kenilworth Castle) 340 ancient trees 154 , 155, 156 New Hall (Essex) 169 , 169–170 Ancient Tree Forum (ATF) 153 Risby Hall (East Yorkshire) 165, 165 apprentice system 230–232, 231 Wrest Park (Bedfordshire) 164 , 164–165 Richard Review of Apprentices in England cropmarks 164 (Richard, 2012) 232–233 features 165 arboriculture function of 163–164, 170 ancient trees see ancient trees interpretation skills 166 canopy expansion 218 mapping archaeological features 168, 170 climate change 213–215, 214 National Mapping ProgrammeCOPYRIGHTED (NMP) 168 compartmentalisation MATERIAL of decay in trees (CODIT) oblique 166 154 soilmarks 165 conservation arboriculture 153–162 technology 167 Arthur Clough Oak (Oxford) 157, 158 Airborne LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) Hestercombe (Somerset) 347 167, 186 Lowther Castle and Gardens (Cumbria) vertical 166 411–412 World War II, impact of 167 Yorkshire Sculpture Park (YSP) (Wakefi eld) aesthetic values 175 388, 389 , 391
Gardens & Landscapes in Historic Building Conservation, First Edition. Edited by Marion Harney. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Published 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
345,
Crom Crom
see 277
52
104 , 103–104 see
104 103 281
Monticello Monticello , 277,
Croome Park Croome
280 access and
43, 52, 34 288–289
106–107 see 218 see
249 see 198–199
2, 143, 146–148 2, 143, 146–148 102–103 280,
51, 280,
285
33–35, 327–328
196 306
104–105
276
15–16
199
Brown, Lancelot Brown,
, 87–88
96
87 Hestercombe (Somerset) Hestercombe
15 see 244
200
cemeteries 102
385–386 34 see xvi
Cemetery (Liverpool) see 200, Cemetery (Kensal Green) Cemetery (Kensal Green)
224 ’ 105 historic structures historic structures 101–115
’
33–34
69 69, 70
Register of Parks and Gardens of Special Register of Parks and Gardens see
xviii, 292, 294 (Virginia, USA) (Virginia, 348 Historic Interest in England Historic Interest (1716–83) equality Castle (Northern Ireland) Castle (Northern Ireland) (Worcestershire) (Worcestershire) English Heritage elds, registered
All Souls design Key Hill Cemetery (Birmingham) St James access to historic landscapes Roberts Park (Bradford) Roberts Park (Bradford) commercial (London) commercial of labour of labour horticulture period-correct and restoration management and vegetation Hestercombe Arnos Vale Cemetery (Bristol) Arnos Vale burial reform (19th Century) commercial rose garden garden rose setting see also visitor information for Stowe Croome Park (Worcestershire) Park (Worcestershire) Croome Stowe Battersea Park (London) Battersea Park (London) battlefi Baxter Park (Dundee) Bickling Hall (Norfolk) Bill of Quantities Birkenhead Park (Birkenhead) blind visitors Bath Spa Conservation Area Area Bath Spa Conservation Castle Drogo (Dartmoor) Castle Drogo autobiographical site, Monticello site, Monticello autobiographical (1972) Bains Report (Indonesia) Bali Province (1720–1791) Warre Bampfylde, Copelstone bandstands cemeteries Brown, Lancelot (1716–83) Brown, ‘Capability’ Brown furniture cast iron Blore, Edward (1787–1879), Crom Castle (1787–1879), Crom Edward Blore, Cemetery (Woking) Brookwood Bretton Estate Bretton Bridgeman, Charles (1690–1738) buildings Buildings at Risk Register (English Heritage) Burial Boards Burial Boards Burra Charter CAD (computer aided design) Cadw
340 14, 15
6 62–63,
349 158
4,
authenticity, authenticity,
288–289 250 legal protection legal protection
157, 43–46
418–419 see 157
44–45
see
46
150
151
pests and diseases pests and
156 156,
14–15 4–5, 56
historic structures historic structures
44 44
aerial surveys
45 see
58
45–46
see
156,
design see
187, 248
45 150 151–152 45 , 43–44 158–159 45 155, 156, 160–161 158
186–187 159–160 153–154 151 158–159 see 149–150
160
149–152 s entrance 43
210 ’ 26
researching historic places researching
159–160
59 64
, 277 58, historical 63 nition eldwork fungi water in Plantation Polite entrance Bee house Gardener Privy Garden, Hampton Court Palace (London) Privy Garden, see also coppicing pollarding fi aerial surveys survey dendro-archaeological geophysical survey site surveys desk-based studies excavation garden buildings garden Elizabethan Garden (Kenilworth Castle) Elizabethan Garden crown retrenchment retrenchment crown culture and culture dead wood dead wood ecosystems ecosystems lifecycle stages lifecycle stages pests and diseases pests and diseases Miller Memorial Garden Miller Memorial Garden Stables Shrubbery Gardens Walled Garden Plantation Garden Mile Walk defi Cedar Grove archive records and records archive Cascade at Chiswick (London) archaeology and archaeology site surveys and accuracy in restoration trees, legal protection of legal protection trees, vernacular approaches veteran tree archaeology watching brief archaeology Trust) (National conservation approach techniques Kenilworth Castle (Warwickshire) Kenilworth Castle (Warwickshire) land use and USA) Monticello (Virginia, surveys Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB) Areas Arthur Clough Oak (Oxford) Arthur Clough Oak (Oxford) architecture architecture Cemetery (Bristol) Arnos Vale art and design ash dieback Attingham Park (Shropshire) authenticity, historical authenticity, archaeology archaeology
Index 436 Index 437
214 212, 211–212
5
213–214, 61–62 280 281
110 249 214
National Trust National Trust philosophical
280,
280, see see 279 215 110, 55–65
55–56
26, 61–62
19
xvi, 64
214 design 215
305 cemeteries 175 214
landscapes
26, 29 see
18–19, s approach s approach gardens gardens xvi ’ see 279–280 55 new work 64 25 208–209
see
29 plants 249
130
130 staff staff surveys
see c see 60 legislation; planning control legislation; planning control
9
26
29 214 see Conservation Management Plan (CMP)
restoration restoration see see
304–305,
211–213,
see
approaches approaches 56 216 154 ng nition see also Environment Agency, role in role Agency, Environment modernist approach Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS) Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS) historicist cemeteries gardens landscape plants holistic view and lessons from past and lessons from holistic view lawn experts management water features conservation management plans and management conservation composition of woodland composition of woodland species selection, complexity Milton Abbas (Dorset) (Bath) Parade Gardens planning consent and evaluation legislation management National Trust staffi site/setting art and design site archive acceptance of change defi new work priority philosophical approaches philosophical approaches plan principles, evolution of surveys terminology types of heritage value of see also upkeep visitor traffi projections projections trees trees views and vistas landscape planting designation conservation, historic Clutton, Henry (1819–93) Clutton, Henry (1819–93) cobbles communal values (CODIT) of decay in trees compartmentalisation (CAD) computer aided design design garden computer simulation, conjectural detailing Conservation Areas Conservation Areas
, 287, 216
109, 61
60,
107–110 96 81 106–107 432
434 426
110 434
96, 80,
209, 256 106 104–105
107
, 208–210 112
431–434 110, (Defra, 2008)
34
336 211–212 111
102
208
133 105–107 112,
112
pests and diseases
433
233
110–111
see 433 432
111
233, 111–114 111–114 433
(English Heritage, 2008)
63 112–113,
208–219 208 210–215
218
431–432
6
432–434,
433–434
101 108–110
4,
110 109
431 431–432
, 208–209, 216
, Alhambra Gardens (Spain) , Alhambra Gardens 217–218, 208 gardens gardens 287 109 110, 109, nition oods, droughts and temperature extremes extremes and temperature oods, droughts fl holistic view of impact storms (Great Storm, 1987) storms (Great Clutton, Henry (1819–93) Clutton, Henry (1819–93) conservation management plan USA) Central Park (New York, Moses, Robert funding maintenance and management visitor facilities (Dartmoor) Castle Drogo designers Harlem Meer Crabbe Creeke, Christopher (1820–86) Christopher (1820–86) Crabbe Creeke, design Paxton, Joseph (1803–65) Plymouth Road Cemetery (Tavistock, Devon) (Tavistock, Plymouth Road Cemetery Wimborne Road Cemetery (Bournemouth) Wimborne Road Cemetery Cemetery (Woking) Brookwood Loudon, John (1783–1843) anti-social behaviour anti-social behaviour monuments vegetation removal removal vegetation Italian Garden Italian Garden weather events extreme evidence for planning adaptation in historic parks and Heritage Counts pests and diseases early English cemeteries early English Company General Cemetery municipal ‘burial board’ cemeteries cemeteries municipal ‘burial board’ memorialisation memorialisation Cascade England Biodiversity Strategy gardening skills gardening as visitors history restoration private to public burial private to public burial twentieth-century Graves Commission War design rauda conservation of conservation defi climate change Chippendale, Thomas (1718–79) (London) Chiswick House and Garden Charters (international law) Cheetham Hill Park (Manchester) children Central Park (New York, USA) Central Park (New York,
,
327 183
236
326 – 32 2
288 328
, 183, 235 142–143
326, 1–2,
93 157 World Heritage World
31–33,
287
73–78 235,
1
327–328
93, see
333
257–258
156,
235
74 , 323–324 75
, 325–326
230
77 , 193 73–74
218 1–2
323
91 325 31–32
331–337
159–160 head gardeners head gardeners , 74–75 158–159
309, 321–329 331 33
England Biodiversity Strategy
91,
74 322,
see
234–235, 234–235,
148, 234
cultural landscapes 75–76
, 76–77
32
324, 327–328
284
253–254
217–218, 76
see 321, 324 75
293
164 324
Orcia (Italy) Orcia 32–33 322, 324 ’
Convention (1972) 196 Rural Affairs), Rural Affairs), (2008) nition West Lake (Hangzhou, China) Lake West Bali province (Indonesia) Bali province Lake District (Nigeria) Grove Osun-Osogbo Sacred d Val restoration approach approach restoration towers old house walled garden Courances (Essonne, France) philosophy of repair philosophy of repair Hestercombe (Somerset) Hestercombe ned Area Survey (DAS) ned Area impact of Word Heritage category impact of Word international law of legal protection and religion examples ecological investigation ecological investigation information resources Panorama Dunstall Castle defi water head gardeners head gardeners Fund (HLF) Heritage Lottery skills shortage stone work College (Oxford) Worcester house and gardens types value of Heritage Convention World and arboriculture and creation garden Iguanodons Pirton Castle demographics demographics approaches historical gardening, landscapes Croome Park (Worcestershire) Park (Worcestershire) Croome cultural landscapes Crom Castle (Northern Ireland) Ireland) Castle (Northern Crom culture culture cropmarks cropmarks (trees) retrenchment crown Painshill Park (Surrey) Crystal Grotto, Crystal Palace Park (London) Curtis, William (1746–99) customary international law dead wood removal Defi Food and Defra (Department for Environment, demolition Derby Arboretum
56 109
cance
176–177 xvi–xvii, 109, , 253–254
177 178
229 373 2 365
233 176,
68–69 190 1–2, 387
233,
188
266
173
302–303 173, 176, 181–191 378 project management project
apprentice system apprentice
189 212, 217 13
cance
see
see 247–254
295–296 295–296 127 178–179 surveys
129
158
239–242 cance 13 182–183
190–191
signifi
researching historic places researching
see
182
190
see
173, 182 298–299 see xix
178 signifi 145–146, 148, 228–230, 189–190 298
s gardening skills s gardening
176, 182 project management project project management project ’
see
cance (National Trust) (National Trust) 2010 176–177 xxi–xxii, 19 xxi–xxii, 19 xix, 68 nition Strawberry Hill (Twickenham) Strawberry Hill (Twickenham) Park Sculpture Yorkshire research research site surveys of structure Hackfall (Yorkshire) (Wiltshire) Stourhead gardens Stowe (Buckinghamshire) Hagley Hall (Worcestershire) Hagley Hall (Worcestershire) ‘vision statement’ gazetteer key elements management action plan access and equality analysis of site/surveys appendices see also usability values signifi
development process development process examples planning consent (local authority) and Ordnance Survey based replanting Survey based replanting Ordnance National Trust National Trust policies for requirement scope defi apprentice system apprentice children see also functions of Heritage Lottery Fund National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) climate change and climate change content legal protection protection legal in trees consultants constraints, on site Conservation Statement/Statement of Signifi Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations Conservation Management Plan (CMP) Management Plan Conservation Covent Garden (London) Covent Garden Crabbe Creeke, Christopher (1820–86) Crabbe Creeke, Courances (Essonne, France) craft skills Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS) contracts/contractors coppicing (trees) costings, project copyright libraries ‘Conservation for Access’ toolkit (National Trust) (National Trust) for Access’ toolkit ‘Conservation
Index 438 Index 439
see
343
,
275 48–49 Register Register 257
343 341 access and 342,
201, Register of
see
(EA, 2005) 275,
342
see see 340,
(Defra, 2008) 279
(Defra, 2008)
legal protection legal protection
278, 210
273 see
342
232–233 47–48, 255 47–48, 255 , 340–341
English Heritage 153–154 20 339–344 221
210, 387
273, access and equality 74, 187
64, 341
340
339 see 20,
122
341 see 218 218
341–342,
341 340 209
Register of Parks and Gardens of Parks and Gardens Register of
217–218, 343–344 xxi–xxii, 302–303, 306 Warwickshire) Warwickshire) 217–218, 316 of Special Historic Parks and Gardens in England Interest 2012) (Richard, of Parks and Gardens of Special Historic of Special Historic Gardens of Parks and in England Interest Special Historic Interest in England in England Special Historic Interest equality Castle Drogo (Dartmoor) Castle Drogo 202 ed Designation System (UDS) Designation System ed fountain ‘Queenes seat of freestone’ terrace balustrade and arbours aerial excavation of historic remains preservation trial trenches Tudor garden garden Tudor Register of Parks and Gardens and Gardens of Parks Register England Biodiversity Strategy English Heritage features features surveys authenticity of interpretation authenticity of interpretation planting archive records records archive Register of Parks and Gardens Register of Parks and Gardens Natural England in England Review of Apprentices Richard European Landscape Convention (ELC) European protection of heritage of heritage protection ancient monuments scheduled Unifi see also England enclosure maps enclosure Endsleigh (Devon) Durlston Castle (Dorset) Durlston Castle (Dorset) Dutch elm disease Echinacea purpurea ecological surveys as ecosystems, trees Elizabethan Garden (Kenilworth Castle, Elizabethan Garden England Biodiversity Strategy ‘designed landscape’ ‘designed landscape’ Dillistone, George (1877–1957), Castle Drogo Castle Drogo (1877–1957), Dillistone, George equality ‘easy access’, access and Easy Access to Historic Landscapes disabled people (Herefordshire) Downton on the Rock droughts Dunham Massey Doulton Fountain (Glasgow Green) Green) Doulton Fountain (Glasgow
see
405
396 263
see 53
52
,
279
222 National 395, 52
52, , 49–50,
278, see 52, 273
49
53
257
51 51
50 3 244
257–258 353–354 273,
6–7
50
project management project
277 Conservation Areas Conservation Areas 276
Conservation Areas Conservation Areas 47–48 378 278
5
see
277 304 see
255–260, 273–280 11, 271–281
see 240
358
273, 275 277,
c estates
47–54 new work 142
National Planning Policy Framework 10–11 47, 48
see
see 27–28, 142
xx, 26–28 elds, registered
English Heritage 50–51 50 277 (NPPF) (2012) Heritage Protection Plan (NHPP) Heritage Protection Town and Country Planning (TCP) Town ned Area Survey (DAS) ned Area nition appointment of contracts, designer Île de Peupliers (Ermenonville, France) Price, Robert (1653–1733) Heveningham Hall (Suffolk) Heveningham Hall (Suffolk) Hawkstone Park (Shropshire) Hawkstone Park (Shropshire) Hearne, Thomas (1774–1817) Hackfall (Yorkshire) Hackfall (Yorkshire) Reform Heritage Protection Hestercombe (Somerset) Hestercombe NPPF Lowther Castle and Gardens (Cumbria) Lowther Castle and Gardens of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB) Areas and Country Planning Act (1974) Town Foxley (Herefordshire) Foxley (Herefordshire) Hackwood Park (Basingstoke) Bridgeman, Charles (1690–1738) Bridgeman, Charles (1690–1738) Lancelot (1716–83) Brown, listed building grades (TCP Act 1974) Dairy, Endsleigh (Devon) Dairy, World Heritage Sites World conservation areas (TPO) Order Preservation Tree historic theories international approaches gardens) navigation (around Conservation Areas Defi designed landscapes battlefi Buildings at Risk Register (English Heritage) Buildings at Risk Register (English Heritage) ‘design and build’ contracts ‘design and ‘designed landscape’ ‘designed landscape’ designers examples/specifi defi access and equality access and computer simulation objectives legislation new work plants National Parks and process and process Plan National Heritage Protection parks and gardens parks and gardens local listed buildings designation, national derelict land, vegetation management management vegetation land, derelict (Kensington) gardens Toms Derry and design
248
318–319 34
11 142–143
Alhambra
18
xvi, xix, xxii, 13, 29
see 10
17,
350 343
229 28, 293
designation, national
, 87–88
xvii, 261
xvii, 28, 293 28–29
European Landscape Landscape European 87 50 342, researching historic places researching
see cance
228,
24, 26, 29
cance , 203–204
Hestercombe (Somerset) Hestercombe
see
17–18 see 5 10
159–160 18 87
79–89 203
cant gardens see
c gardens
56–57
historic structures historic structures
xxi, 267–268 furniture, garden garden furniture,
24 , 4, 83–84 2
design
3 s rose s rose
’
see
water 84–85, 86
see seating, garden seating, garden 79 1,
see , 208–209, 214 , 208–209,
eld see
1–7 see
208
17 Convention (ELC) Convention 17–18 Gardens (Spain) Gardens
cast iron furniture furniture cast iron Stowe National Trust Plant Propagation Centre (PPC) Centre Plant Propagation National Trust Phytopthoras Statement of Signifi long-term strategy National Trust archival records records archival international signifi colours iron wrought Hestercombe Kenilworth Castle Aberglasney Gardens (Carmarthenshire) (Carmarthenshire) Gardens Aberglasney Alhambra Gardens (Spain) Alhambra Gardens buildings furniture water ower garden conservation (National Trust) Trust) conservation (National garden ower design Summerfi rose garden, Castle Drogo (Dartmoor) Castle Drogo garden, rose Sissinghurst Castle (Kent) reinstated, positioning of reinstated, seating components conservation designation, national design of Landscape Convention (ELC) European evolution of plant health and fl in public parks historically signifi examples functions examples/specifi National Trust acquisition criteria criteria acquisition Trust National public money features features Garden History Society Garden gardening, historical approaches historical approaches gardening, owers oods Foxley (Herefordshire) Foxley (Herefordshire) fungi, tree-related garden furniture, ‘Forest Chairs’ ‘Forest garden management garden gardens Garden City Movement Garden History Society Garden Florence convention convention Florence fl fl
217
61–62
19–20 168
294 309–320, 353
11–12
(EA, 2005) (EA, 2005)
Register of 293–294
cance
166 see
212
335
Heritage Lottery 386
67
15 signifi
see
316
Elizabethan Garden Elizabethan Garden see
317–318 xxii
302 vs.
312
239–242
317
243–244
see 315,
244
267
cance
315
56–57
60
xv–xvi, 175 xv, xvii, 28 xvii, xv, (English Heritage, 2008) (English Heritage, 2008) 314
316
316 signifi 123 313, 312 57 310–313 313,
, 311–312,
310–311 317
see
309–310
access and equality 313, 315–318 311
cance and values
335–336 (Kenilworth Castle, Warwickshire) (Kenilworth Castle, Warwickshire) Fund 302–303, 306 Historic Interest of Special Parks and Gardens in England 318–319
Yorkshire Sculpture Park Sculpture Yorkshire decisions and adaptation values regional/local level regional/local England implementation Northern Ireland Scotland training Wales
Heritage Lottery Fund criteria scope functions aims Easy Access to Historic Landscapes Easy Access see also adoption aerial photographs collection aerial photographs Risk Register Buildings at Principles Conservation lump sum contract Hestercombe (Somerset), funding of Hestercombe income generation (National Trust) in UK costing the project principles grant schemes Bill of Quantities conservation approach (National Trust) (National Trust) conservation approach Elizabethan Garden Elizabethan Garden establishment of Heritage Counts of historic structures legal protection (NMP) National Mapping Programme Register of Parks and Gardens Gardens Register of Parks and primary values historic gardens and designed landscapes historic gardens origins signifi nancial considerations Equality Act (EA) 2010 estate maps convention Grenada Europe, European Landscape Convention (ELC) European English Heritage Heritage English evidential values ‘evocations’, restoration ‘evocations’, restoration fi environmental impact assessment environmental Environment Agency, role in conservation role Agency, Environment
Index 440 Index 441
see
288
391
,
97
(EA, 2005) 75–76 288–289 349
390
347–349
Urban Parks
67 349
352 388,
xviii, 283–289 xviii, 283–289 353 285 257 legislation
see , 51
288–289
1, 345–356 286 see 351 378–379 353–354
350 287–288 354–355 xix
346–347
97–98, 198, 283
Hestercombe (Somerset) Hestercombe
55 Croome Park (Worcestershire) Park (Worcestershire) Croome
25, 67–78 346 289 351,
, 348–349, 350–353
352–353 97–98, 288 348
346
see
see
285
351
348
347–348 424
68
Stowe (Buckinghamshire) Stowe (Buckinghamshire)
353 see 345–346 283
287
302–303, 306 173, 286–287 173, 286–287 and urban squares squares and urban Programme English Heritage
Crystal Grotto, Painshill Park (Surrey) Painshill Park (Surrey) Crystal Grotto, Hackfall (Yorkshire) Handsworth Park (Birmingham) Roberts Park (Bradford) Roberts Park (Bradford) Arnos Vale Cemetery (Bristol) Cemetery (Bristol) Arnos Vale Urban Parks Programme Urban Parks Programme Croome Park Croome Hestercombe philosophical approaches Pirton Castle (Worcestershire) Stowe evidence Park Sculpture Yorkshire Alhambra dendro-archaeological survey dendro-archaeological Chinese Seat Gothic Alcove Octagon Summerhouse seating reinstated Rustic Seat Pear Pond woodland funding criteria innovative, supporting innovative, supporting parks and gardens Easy Access to Historic Landscapes Easy Access to Historic changing role of changing role (CMP) process management plan conservation awards and funding and funding awards promenades country parks, seaside cemeteries, scope staff strategic aims training, funding for Victorian Terrace Victorian Terrace Buildings at Risk Register (English Heritage) conservation legislation buildings garden archive records records archive buildings/‘seats’ designation, national Formal Garden Formal Garden funding development future history lost eighteenth-century garden Victorian Shrubbery Heritage Lottery Fund (HLF) Fund (HLF) Lottery Heritage Heveningham Hall (Suffolk) Heveningham Hall (Suffolk) historicist approach historic structures Heritage Protection Reform Heritage Protection (Somerset) Hestercombe
380,
xxii, 17 50 see
Crom Castle Crom 53
109–110 59 ,
380 see
402 52 177
58,
, 16–17, , 49–50,
97
16
52, 378
49 134
104–105 53 395,
176,
378 382 379
379–380, 382
241–242
378
249
292
232
xxi, 1–7
335
management, historic garden garden historic management,
209, 256 6
Roof Gardens (Kensington, (Kensington, Roof Gardens , 23–24 151 377–383, 409 377
4
382 c garden types and plantations c garden see
190 see 27, 230, 232 382
378 (English Heritage, 2008)
378–379
maintenance/repair, garden garden maintenance/repair, 1 1, 3–4,
377
see
public health
see 395 climate change climate change 216–217 381 (Northern Ireland) (Northern Ireland) London) 395 eld, John (1744–1820)
funding management plan (CMP) objectives permissions required building restoration building restoration paths and materials boards interpretation car parking water features (Top Pond, Fountain Pond) (Top water features roof gardens gardens roof see also specifi descriptions of descriptions ‘Gardens of the Nations’ (Rockefeller Center) ‘Gardens planning permission planning permission types of registers registers management of of management planning adaptation for climate change for climate planning adaptation Aislabie, William conservation of role Trust, Woodland and apprenticeship designation, national history visitor facilities what to conserve? upkeep Hancock, Ralph (1893–1950) Hawkstone Park (Shropshire) Hawkstone Park (Shropshire) Hanbury Hall (Worcestershire) Hanbury Hall (Worcestershire) Handsworth Cemetery (Birmingham) Handsworth Park (Birmingham) landscape features hard Haverfi Hampton Court Palace (London) Hagley Hall (Worcestershire) Hagley Hall (Worcestershire) head gardeners head gardeners health health and safety (site) Hearne, Thomas (1774–1817) Heritage Counts Grenada convention Grenada Hackfall (Yorkshire) Hackwood Park (Basingstoke) Great Storm (1987) Great ‘Gardens of the Nations’ (Rockefeller Center) of the Nations’ (Rockefeller ‘Gardens gazetteer (CMP) General Cemetery Company geophysical survey (1762–1843) Gilpin, William Sawrey
278
295 293–294
250–251
Elizabethan
104
see
294–295 428
19 294
294 Roof Gardens Gardens Roof
150 69, 358 241–242
298
242 296 335 292 see planning control planning control
331–337 access and equality
47–48, 255
378
294–295
18–19,
, 323–324
see 295–296 291–292 international law
see
167
1535–79/80) 311, 333–334, 335–336, 311, 333–334, 335–336, 128–130
323 214 see
c. 335
291–300, 302 358–359
292–293
landscapes 262, 296, 331, 333–334, 336–337
access and equality access and
293 322,
National Planning Policy Framework
48, 312 cultural landscapes xviii see
European Landscape Convention (ELC) Landscape Convention European Register of Parks and Gardens of Gardens Register of Parks and
see urban landscapes
c damage
see see 296–297, 296–298 see see legislation
336–337 Special Historic Interest in England in England Special Historic Interest (Kensington, London) (Kensington, (NPPF) (2012) Garden (Kenilworth Castle, Warwickshire) (Kenilworth Castle, Warwickshire) Garden nition ELC see also planning permission NPPF see curtilage of listed building of English Heritage, role convention Grenada listed in their own right planning permission requirement (Spain) Alhambra Gardens Hackfall (Yorkshire) in conservation areas during work of trees retention
‘designed landscape’ landscape features hard legal protection and literature and literature locally designated designed landscapes soft landscape features access to Alpine Region change over time conservation of cultural defi urban climate change foot-traffi access and equality conservation areas minor works monuments of cultural landscapes demolition impact assessment environmental of historic structures international law landscape parks and gardens planning permission scheduled monuments trees legislation Kensington Roof Gardens Gardens Roof Kensington (1685–1748) Kent, William (Birmingham) Key Hill Cemetery Lake District landscapes and land use, archaeology Langham, Robert ( lawn legal protection
,
64
,
63 262
50–51
331–337
88
333–334 111
199
336–337 11–12
88,
62–63,
333
199 413–414 365
225–226
335–336
1, 345, 346
199 334–335
35–36 Elizabethan Garden Elizabethan Garden
229 198–199 331–333
335
cance 382
see
legal protection protection legal
Central Park (New York, USA) Central Park (New York, 228,
64 Monticello (Virginia, USA) Monticello (Virginia, 6–7 see 331–337 296
33 see 372–373
signifi
Monticello (Virginia, USA) Monticello (Virginia,
see plants/planting
198–199 332–333 see see
199 336 see
Alhambra Gardens (Spain) Alhambra Gardens
designation, national designation,
European Landscape Convention (ELC) European
cultural landscapes Town and Country Planning (TCP) and Country Planning Town 332 see see
see 339 (Kenilworth Castle, Warwickshire) 336 nitions/meanings lodges Jephson Gardens (Leamington) (Leamington) Jephson Gardens Baxter Park (Dundee) Baxter Park bridges
Central Park Monticello legal instruments for protection in other legal areas in other legal areas protection recognition of people in recognition customary international law treaties urgent repairs repairs urgent listed buildings public park legal protection protection legal ELC convention Grenada monuments and cultural landscapes see also defi Charters Heem Parks in Netherlands Heem Parks in Netherlands Spain USA garden design garden Elizabethan Garden Garden ‘Tudor’ see also (Somerset) Hestercombe Graves Commission cemetery War Strawberry Hill (Twickenham) Strawberry Hill (Twickenham) site/landscape protection, avenues site/landscape protection, types Hackfall (Yorkshire) Monticello Castle Drogo Stockholm Declaration on Human Environment Stockholm Declaration on Human Environment
historic value international law international approaches international approaches income generation (National Trust) Trust) income generation (National Hoare, Colt (1758–1838) Hoare, II, Henry Hoare horticulture (1909) Planning Acts Housing and Town Manor (Bath) Iford France) Île de Peupliers (Ermenonville, Thomas (1743–1826) Jefferson, (Leamington) Jephson Gardens Kelmarsh Hall (Northamptonshire) Kenilworth Castle (Warwickshire) interpretation boards boards interpretation Jekyll, Gertrude (1843–1932)
Index 442 Index 443
121
259
, 418
275
168 417
16 142–143
81
120–121,
, 275,
269 416,
190
272
80
185
141–148 141–148
432 174
281 , 419 111
80,
413–420
124
418–419
415
86 133 aerial surveys 268–269, 185 280,
, 418, 419
413–414
plants/planting plants/planting 55–56 conservation management conservation
see 277 parks, public
86,
415, 142 262, 296, 331, 333–334,
122 185,
417 123
see see 386
see
111
141–142
259
272, 293
277,
123, 124,
craft skills
185–186 112–113, 418–419
416, 251
researching historic places researching 250 see
414–415
see xviii
cance’ 118, 120–123, 184–185, 118, 120–123, 184–185,
plan (CMP) 336–337 xviii, 176–177, 268–269, 271–272, 292 185
development of the garden development of the garden pavilion show gardens show gardens methods cemeteries archaeological survey archaeological Thomas Jefferson, restoration design produce garden War Graves Commission War Bretton Estate Bretton craft skills gardening, historical approaches approaches historical gardening, plant cultivation aerial surveys from maps enclosure estate maps public access public access ‘signifi legal protection legal protection scheduled ancient monuments activity plans choice of sourcing in cemeteries in parks, public map regression map regression historic conservation of heritage assets protection roles Ordnance Survey (OS) mapping Survey (OS) mapping Ordnance Park (Ealing) Walpole Pitzhanger Manor and of public parks of role monuments Monticello (Virginia, USA) Monticello (Virginia, Milton Abbas (Dorset) modernist approach Marot, Daniel (1661–1752) Marot, management, historic garden garden historic management, management action plan (CMP) management plan management Manwaring, Robert maps Moseley Old Hall (Wolverhampton) Moseley Old Hall (Wolverhampton) Moses, Robert (1882–1947) Plan (NHPP) National Heritage Protection (NMP) National Mapping Programme National Parks materials memorialisation Marnock, Robert (1800–89) National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) (2012)
,
279
405–412, 298 265 265
268
Town and and Town
267
278, (BS, 2012) (BS, 2012) 297–298 297–298
see
267
266,
261, 262
266
263
411
302
92 106
266,
261
410
358–359
412 298–299 265–267
405 267–268
407 408
268
English Heritage
408
302 407,
see
409, 411, 407, 296 26
408, 410–412
298–299
xvi, 130
249, 261–270, 292
National Planning Policy Framework
26 405–408 408–410 European Landscape Convention Landscape Convention European
Town and Country Planning (TCP) and Country Planning Town
411–412
see
gures gures see 262 (ELC) 406 250–251 288, 401 Regulations 2010 (NPPF) (2012) Country Planning (TCP) 167, 186 nition architecture architecture Covent Garden (London) Covent Garden Longleat House (Wiltshire) Williams-Ellis, Clough (1883–1978) Abercrombie, Patrick (1879–1957) Abercrombie, Ruskin, John (1819–99) Equality Act (EA) 2010 Equality Act (EA) 2010 World War II War World records archive Edwardian structures structures Edwardian South Lawns Trees in relation to construction in relation Trees TCP (Trees) Regulations 2012 Regulations TCP (Trees) (TPO) Order Preservation Tree Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 Wildlife and Countryside Conservation of Habitats and Species of Habitats and Species Conservation garden garden building conservation building conservation disabled access early development controls ELC City Movement Garden conservation garden Planning Acts (1909) Housing and Town key fi English Heritage designation, national history design management strategy restoration restoration
trees trees viewing terrace defi see also urgent repairs repairs urgent of wildlife NPPF Planning Act (1990) Planning Policy Statement 5 (PPS 5) Town and Country Planning Act and Town Major, Joshua (1786–1866) Major, legislation Loudon, John (1783–1843) Lowther Castle and Gardens (Cumbria) Lowther Castle and Gardens maintenance/repair maintenance/repair LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging), airborne LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging), airborne literature, and landscape literature, Longleat House (Wiltshire)
96
327 96,
288 93
97
194
198–199
195 93, 98
195
94
194,
178
195–196 , 193 91–92 2–3 280
99 166 94,
195,
91
288 196
designation, national
40–42 178,
Stourhead gardens gardens Stourhead
99, 223 202 197–198 280,
91, see
121 285–286
, 169–170
see , 41–42
178 92, 193–194 41
169 294
120, 127 387 c parks conservation management plan
62
91–100, 193–205 145 178, see
120–121,
42
Stowe (Buckinghamshire) Stowe (Buckinghamshire)
62 204
93–94, 194–196 s Park (Liverpool) ’
paths
see
431–432 (CMP) (Wiltshire) (Wiltshire) 317 structures 204, Prince Derby Arboretum Derby Arboretum Battersea Park (London) plants Crystal Palace Park (London) Victoria Park (London) Abbey Park (Leicester) Pulhamite waterfall (Madeira Walk, Ramsgate) Pulhamite waterfall (Madeira Walk, Thames Gateway Parklands Painshill Park (Surrey) Painshill Park (Surrey) Peel Park (Salford) Philips Park (Manchester) Birkenhead Park (Birkenhead) Cheetham Hill Park (Manchester) Crystal Palace Park (London) Handsworth Park (Birmingham) Olympic Park (London) early twentieth century examples/specifi designation, national early examples replanting replanting anti-social behaviour community groups design mapping Stourhead gardens gardens Stourhead style of design Stowe listed Agency, Environment Northern Ireland see also adaptation (ELC) Landscape Convention European Osun-Osogbo Sacred Grove (Nigeria) Grove Osun-Osogbo Sacred Crystal Grotto Painshill Park (Surrey), Orchardleigh (Somerset) Orchardleigh Orchidaceae (Bath) Parade Gardens oblique aerial photographs oblique aerial photographs Law (1822–1903) Olmstead, Frederick Olympic Park (London) online resources parkland plan parks, public Ordnance Survey (OS) Ordnance Nostell Priory (Yorkshire) Nostell Priory (Yorkshire) Natural England Natural England gardens) (around navigation New Hall (Essex) new work Northern Ireland
17
(EA, 2005) (EA, 2005) 16
19
13
17
, 16–17,
16
13 269
9–21
271–272 271–272
11 gardens gardens
264–265
40–42
12–13
268,
19–20
9–21, 13, 62
xxi see
15–16
15–16
277
20
304 14
11–21 19–20 Attingham Park
xix, 13–14
Croome Park (Worcestershire) Park (Worcestershire) Croome
20, 13
Castle Drogo (Dartmoor) Castle Drogo Croome Park (Worcestershire) Park (Worcestershire) Croome
nition nition of re-creation (National Trust) (National Trust) re-creation Croome Park (Worcestershire) Park (Worcestershire) Croome cance
Crom Castle (Northern Crom 14, 15
see
Sissinghurst Castle (Kent) see xx
20–21 xx National Trust properties properties National Trust
see xvi, xx–xxi
see see see
see
20 see
9–10, 28, 264 14 xvii xx, 10–11 see xx–xxi, 9 c (gardens)
visitors xx 20 cance
legal protection legal protection
xx Ireland) Ireland) (Shropshire) (Shropshire) Signifi 302–303, 306 302–303, 306
nancial implications nancial considerations conservation approach to conservation approach design of role uniqueness levels see also wildlife fi innovation re-creation strategy restoration ‘spirit of place’ SSSI designation head gardeners head gardeners Plant Propagation Centre (PPC) Centre Plant Propagation Plant Conservation Centre Plant Conservation Centre grading of collections fi historical signifi archaeology Plan Conservation Management of Conservation Statement/Statement ‘Conservation for Access’ toolkit for Access’ toolkit ‘Conservation to Historic Landscapes Easy Access Dunstall Castle
gardens gardens Castle Drogo Castle Drogo Castle Crom Park Croome Dunham Massey visitor traffi Attingham Park Bickling Hall (Norfolk) volunteers founding staff staff properties properties acquisition criteria National Trust Act (1907) National Trust plants membership history of Moseley Old Hall (Wolverhampton) Moseley Old Hall (Wolverhampton) Hanbury Hall (Worcestershire) Hanbury Hall (Worcestershire) conservation approach conservation approach sustainability, defi sustainability, see also equality access and World Heritage Sites Sites Heritage World South West Coast Path South West Pirton Castle Sissinghurst Nostell Priory (Yorkshire) Nostell Priory (Yorkshire) National Trust properties properties National Trust National Trust National Trust
Index 444 Index 445
17
185
xx, 13
279
292–293
268
17
363–365
Town and Country and Town
276–278 134–135
135 292 see
40
134
271–281 147–148
142
134
227–228
water
134
275–276
295 60
268
209
378
10 , 25–26
see
Strawberry Hill (Twickenham) Strawberry Hill (Twickenham)
129
25 , 132–135 273–275 vegetation management
vegetation management 144–145 2
134 see
227–237 27–28 Monticello (Virginia, USA) Monticello (Virginia,
292–293 see
132 278–280
see 18
owers pests and diseases 143–145, 147, 227–237
see fl
National Planning Policy Framework National Planning Policy see eld, John and
legal protection legal protection see see cance cance and (NPPF) 272 Planning 176–177 Regency landscape social connections villa design propagation propagation training and pruning authenticity Strawberry Hill (Twickenham) aesthetic and design value aesthetic and conservation philosophy Haverfi design (garden) and design (garden) (PPC) Centre Plant Propagation historic structures historic structures landscapes and gardens Conservation Area designation and Conservation Area conservation management plan (CMP) and from protection ooding, impact of owers Ancient Monuments Hackfall (Yorkshire) listed buildings local listing minor works NPPF design using diseases expertise/knowledge fl fl gardens irrigation/drainage management signifi Nostell Priory (Yorkshire) (Yorkshire) Nostell Priory cultivation signifi Planning Policy Statement 5 (PPS 5) parks and gardens registered Country Planning and Town see also Monticello Strawberry Hill communities conjectural planting conservation of National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) (2012) (2012) (NPPF) Policy Framework Planning National Planning Act (1990) planning applications (local authority) for planning permission, requirement planning control/systems planning control/systems Pitzhanger Manor and Walpole Park (Ealing) Park (Ealing) Manor and Walpole Pitzhanger Phytopthoras plantations (National Trust) Plant Conservation Centre (PPC) (National Trust) Centre Plant Propagation plants/planting
61
77
see 202
60,
see
138–139 , 107, 195, 201, 287
91, 193
203
93
275 137 201
211
203, 197
, 195
269
275, 194
284 93 Heritage Lottery
201
, 201
201
91–92, 93, 210 53 268, 58, 60, 67, 129–139 136–137, see 194,
98
95 , 96
201
Wicksteed Park (Kettering, Wicksteed 52
129 210, 95,
198–204
67 197 209–210, 211,
see 201
bandstands bandstands 52,
91–92, 93,
94–95
92 c parks
historic structures historic structures
197–198 plants
see 210
see
see 93 123 96–98, 99 s Park (Halifax) ’
navigation (around gardens) gardens) navigation (around
s Park (Halifax) ’ Northamptonshire) Northamptonshire) 135 137 Fund Urban Parks Programme/Parks for People Urban Parks Programme/Parks climate change 199 nition of terms Wicksteed Park Wicksteed bandstands buildings plants in West Park (Wolverhampton) Park (Wolverhampton) West Chiswick House and Garden (London) Chiswick House and Garden Park (Ealing) Pitzhanger Manor and Walpole Wicksteed Park (Kettering, Northamptonshire) Alexandra Road (Camden, London) Park (Worcestershire) Panorama, Croome Urban Parks Programme/Parks for People Urban Parks Programme/Parks Public Parks Assessment facilities for children, Heritage Lottery Fund Heritage Lottery Fund People 1833) (SCPW, report Public Walks Doulton Fountain (Glasgow Green) Green) Doulton Fountain (Glasgow Sefton Park (Liverpool) Bains Report (1972) features features function Hackwood Park buildings, garden buildings, garden defi South West Coast Path South West examples/specifi maintenance Paxton, Joseph systems, chains and parkways visitor facilities Major, Joshua Major, gardens palm houses and winter funding Government initiatives maps of memorialisation in Database (PGUK) Parks and Gardens reports/studies public health and post World War II War post World see also planning adaptation for climate change ash dieback Dutch elm disease
paths pests and diseases People Paxton, Joseph (1803–65) Philips Park (Manchester) philosophical approaches Pencarrow (Bodmin, Cornwall) Pencarrow Peel Park (Salford) Peel Park (Salford)
204, 176,
16
256
xvii–xviii, 256 , 16–17,
234
91, 193
141–142
117–118
16
118–119
, 123–124 16–17 xxii, 117–128 127 285–286
301–302 xvii, 47, 255–260, 276, xvii, 47, 255–260, 276, xvi, 130
125–126 284
123
119–120
127
118–120
c parks and gardens
324, 327–328
125 68
maps
258 120, 127
118 68
197 nition see
xvi, 130
118 specifi
125,
120 421–422
cemeteries cemeteries
parks, public parks, public 118–119, 120
researching historic places researching 255–256
xviii
101
, 126–127
see see see 258–259 124 ces 186 276 126
Cadw; nition
147–148 147–148
183–186 Interest in England Interest 292 17 204 catalogues digital format copies hard copyright libraries topographical images types Access to Archives (A2A) Access to Archives rst edition online resources online resources repositories repositories secondary sources statutory information system storage and reference conservation management plan (CMP) and conservation management plan (CMP) and images library local authority records maps and plans importance (1993–2000) Review Programme selection criteria (1996–2000) upgrade programme see also cultural landscapes and gardens offi record cemeteries fi format Moseley Old Hall (Wolverhampton) Moseley Old Hall (Wolverhampton) grading preliminary research research preliminary primary sources private estate papers access to outdoors and access to outdoors and recreation Hanbury Hall (Worcestershire) Hanbury Hall (Worcestershire) repositories repositories historic places researching religion religion defi repair, Register of Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Gardens Register of Parks and pruning pruning to historic gardens public access public burial parks public engagement, public health public parks Public Parks Assessment of horticulture public perceptions, 1833) (SCPW, report Public Walks Ramsgate) Walk, Pulhamite waterfall (Madeira defi reconstruction, (National Trust) re-creation 58,
360,
, 12–13
203
12 204
(BS, 2012) 250
12–13 12–13
245 244 203,
250
204,
358
27
13
xvi legal protection legal protection
241–242 50
249
242
242–246 27,
see
244
91–92
242–243, 244
201
244–245 250 250–251
site
239–242 244 201–203 249–251 239–246
250 243–244
144–145
see
243 158–159 143, 146–148 143, 146–148
245–246 surveys 242
239 materials , 203–204
240
64 240–241, 251–252
see
see 203
240
143 arboriculture arboriculture 241 12
, 367
cations see cates, progress payment cates, progress 250–251 362 59 s Park (Liverpool) ’ s Garden (Strawberry Hill, Twickenham) (Strawberry Hill, Twickenham) s Garden owers ’ fl public access and opening of trees retention seasonal factors to construction in relation Trees brief knowledge team composition tendering termination Bill of Quantities continuity contracts ‘design and build’ contracts fees (lump sum) key elements contracts standard archaeological watching brief archaeological legislative constraints materials species protected
Madeira Walk (Ramsgate) (Ramsgate) Madeira Walk Peel Park (Salford) and shrubs trees Park (Wolverhampton) West Plant Conservation Centre Centre Plant Conservation in public parks period-correct period-correct national grading for collections for collections grading national criteria acquisition National Trust conservation necessity for site management site surveys soft landscape features soft landscape features specifi site archive site archive contractors contractual obligations costing the project designer hard landscape features landscape features hard sequence of works client certifi role of role soil pH trees propagation, plant propagation, of historic sites protection Prior Prince Price, Robert (1653–1733) Price, Robert (1653–1733) project management project Privy Garden, Hampton Court Palace (London) Privy Garden, pollarding (trees) (trees) pollarding Pope, Alexander (1688–1744) Powis Castle (mid-Wales) Powis Castle (mid-Wales)
Index 446 Index 447
129,
, 221,
, 39 see 366
,
253
364
175
129 252 , 38–40, see
18
362,
264
17,
nition
175–176
23–29
201
Alexandra Road (Camden, Alexandra Road (Camden, 155
Wicksteed Park (Kettering,
38
264,
253
, 82–83
s defi see ’
see 189
252 155,
82 83–84 83–84
cant gardens cant gardens 131–132, 188
247–254 83
222
131, 175
88 130, 175
142
173–174 surveys 130, 175 302 131, 175
272, 293
39–40 250–251
252
129, 130–131 surveys 86
88, see
131–132
221,
130–131, 173–179, 175
64
see
86,
222 London) gardens gardens (2012) 188 366–367 342 Pitzhanger Manor and Walpole Park Pitzhanger Manor and Walpole (Ealing) Northamptonshire) areas areas nition cance of gardens cance of gardens evidential guidance resources historical of nature of trees Alexandra Road aesthetic communal English Heritage levels Pitzhanger Manor and Walpole Park Pitzhanger Manor and Walpole Wicksteed Park protection of assets on site protection services, utilities and drainage soil structure subsoil disposal and hard-standing temporary access routes gardeners gardeners examples philosophical approaches and philosophical approaches value(s) in National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) in National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) assessment of plan (CMP) and conservation management defi Windsor seat Windsor seat wooden Shell Seat (Strawberry Hill) Shell Seat (Strawberry Windsor chairs ‘Queenes seat of freestone’ (Kenilworth Castle) (Kenilworth of freestone’ ‘Queenes seat rustic ‘Forest Chairs’ Chairs’ ‘Forest factors affecting historically signifi Nuttery Sackville-West, Vita Sackville-West, archive management surveys Silbury Hill (Avebury) Silbury Hill (Avebury) Sissinghurst Castle (Kent) show gardens show gardens signifi Sefton Park (Liverpool) Sefton Park (Liverpool) Sensory Trust Sherwood Forest site (conservation) site surveys
81 (Richard, (Richard, , 402 81 34 ,
80,
393–404 398
, 103–104 80
14–15, 33, 56 14–15, 33,
401
38
103
80,
398, 165 399
57–58
, 402
165, 400 51
393–395 397 285
396
xvii, 263
393–394 402
, 126 , 85–86
68
9–10
, 397–398 87
396–397,
84
396 Strawberry Hill cant gardens 395,
15
184
395, 397 15 395–396, 401 87,
58
84, 79–80, 83–84
see
c sites 395–399
, 87–88
vs.
232–233 394–395 xvi, 130 surveys surveys xvi 87 395
400 400 400–401 395, 396, 399
conservation management plan (CMP) conservation management
conservation see Cemetery (Liverpool)
’
see 316 and (Twickenham) (Twickenham) Kensington) 2012) nition Marot, Daniel (1661–1752) Marot, Yates, James Yates, Chippendale, Thomas (1718–79)
English Woodland Garden Garden English Woodland Barkers Tudor Courts Tudor Biba Kensington Palace 1978 1987 2008 permissions required historically signifi historically buildings, garden buildings, garden Spanish Garden Spanish Garden designers authenticity and authenticity conservation-friendly forms conservation-friendly written material written material see also specifi Chinese Style ‘Gardens of the Nations’ (Rockefeller Center) ‘Gardens Hancock, Ralph Kensington, history of Strawberry Hill see also non-authentic plan construction design ‘evocations’ adaptations gardens, tea (sun) pavilion (Derry and Toms (TPO) Orders Preservation Tree water drainage of designed landscape of designed landscape surveys surveys topics cast iron cast iron defi Sayes Court (London) seating, garden Scotland, European Landscape Convention (ELC) Scotland, European St James St Agnes Park (Bristol) Sackville-West, Vita (1892–1962) Sackville-West, restoration restoration Richard Review of Apprentices in England Review of Apprentices Richard Roberts Park (Bradford) Roberts Park (Bradford) Ruskin, John (1819–99) Roof Gardens (Kensington, London) Roof Gardens (Dartmoor) Castle Drogo garden, rose Risby Hall (East Yorkshire) Risby Hall (East Yorkshire)
365
eld)
287–288
249 (1997)
224
Stowe
363 357–369 357–369
248 428 , 366–367
98 , 367 , 297–298
263 see
240 249 xxii
366
229 362 361
,
, 208–209
306 187
, 354–355 247 364 228,
360, 360 archaeology archaeology
topographical survey
262 xvii 263 297
373–374
127 186
55
see 293
187–188 see 362, 248
365–367
362–363
271–272 249 186,
s rose s rose 363–365 ’
aerial surveys
366
358–359 359–365,
legal protection legal protection s Garden s Garden 332–333 xix–xx, 186–188, 249–254 xix–xx, 186–188, 249–254
186–187 ’ arboriculture arboriculture
eld see
xviii (Buckinghamshire) 387 262 see nition trees trees plan (CMP) conservation management Shell Seat features features Prior trial holes design) CAD (computer aided listed building grades aerial (Spain) Alhambra Gardens archaeological
restoration restoration visitor information history planting vegetation management and Yorkshire Sculpture Park (YSP) (Wakefi Park Sculpture Yorkshire design defi library images site management Planning Acts (1909) Housing and Town archive records records archive and hidden items covered drawings ecological surveys health and safety (site) topographical trees visitor usage walkover (1995) Order Regulations 2012 (Trees) TCP Act (1932) TCP Act (1944) TCP Act (1974) TCP Act (1990) see also surveys Thames Gateway Parklands Summerfi tendering for contractors Sustaining the Historic Environment extremes temperature (Stowe) of Concord Temple temporary custodianship sustainability topiary gardens topiary gardens topographical survey Country Planning (TCP) and Town Strawberry Hill (Twickenham) Hill (Twickenham) Strawberry training, Heritage Lottery Fund (HLF) treaties trees
336
373
375
, 68–73 5 225 , 70–71
, 35–38, , 103–104
70 24
, 4,
3
103
xix, 13–14 287
23,
252
70
, 374–376, 269
91, 193 91, 193
209, 256 72
306
37–38 xvi, xix, xxii, 13, 29
132–135
xxi, 1,
372 19
5 372
224
71, project management project
242 268,
199
126 69
15, 68–69
4,
253
14–15
see
craft skills 371,
36 36 73
71 Alhambra Gardens (Spain) Alhambra Gardens National Trust National Trust
27, 230
71–72
cance 18–19,
xv, 14 xv, 234
see
69
see 27
see
37 372
xvii
xxii 146
37, xxi, 72–73 209
36–37
165 371
Cemetery (Liverpool)
’ s Paddock
’ 143 371–376, (SPAB) (SPAB)
visitor facilities Temple of Friendship Temple twentieth-century changes Temple of Concord and Victory of Concord Temple restoration strategy restoration historical evidence Kent, William New Inn general plan (1739) Chinese House Basilican Chapel Bridgeman, Charles conservation management plan (CMP) Convent history lower lake and cascade of role National Trust, Bottom Six Wells Temple of Apollo Temple Turner vegetation management expertise Terrace
traditional skills recruitment of recruitment history of National Trust contracts, designer head gardeners Heritage Lottery Fund (HLF) authenticity of labour authenticity of labour conservation access and equality and access and equality and pH subsoil, disposal of protection of assets on site protection stewardship stewardship St James Stockholm Declaration on Human Environment Stockholm Declaration on Human Environment (Wiltshire) Stourhead gardens Stokes, G. F (1827–74) Storm, 1987) storms (Great soft landscape features features soft landscape Stowe (Buckinghamshire) Stowe (Buckinghamshire) St Agnes Park (Bristol) Statement of Signifi Slaney, Robert (1791–1862) (1791–1862) Robert Slaney, snow melt (1753–1837) Soane, John of Ancient Buildings the Protection Society for SSSI designation sports turf usage staff ‘spirit of place’ (National Trust) Trust) ‘spirit of place’ (National soil soilmarks Coast Path South West Spain, Alhambra
Index 448 Index 449
, 202
317 348
201,
(EA, 2005) (EA, 2005)
19
298 Pitzhanger 32–33
326
433
365
see
135–137
426 3
73 326, 33 19
climate change 381
137 357 250
137 cance
see 305–306
214–215 380, 382 382
18–19,
legal protection legal protection
climate change
Strawberry Hill (Twickenham) Strawberry Hill (Twickenham) 187–188
135–137, 294
see 160
see
see 74 19, 427 419 342 349 426–427
306
94–95
20
Cadw cance
see 299 395–396, 401 Manor and Walpole Park (Ealing) Park (Ealing) Manor and Walpole 341–342, 302–303, 306 302–303, 306 signifi 37–38 348–349,
Monticello (Kensington, London), use in Roof Gardens Alhambra Gardens (Spain) Alhambra Gardens climate change and Castle (Northern Ireland) Crom Doulton Fountain (Glasgow Green) fountain (Kenilworth Castle, Warwickshire) Hackfall (Yorkshire) Hackfall (Yorkshire) Hackfall (Yorkshire) Hill (Twickenham) Strawberry travel and transport restrictions restrictions usage sports turf USA) Central Park (New York, Hackfall (Yorkshire) in parks Stowe (Buckinghamshire) lower lake and cascade (Stourhead gardens) lower lake and cascade (Stourhead gardens) Somerset) Pear Pond (Hestercombe, Alhambra ‘Conservation for Access’ toolkit Access’ toolkit for ‘Conservation to Historic Landscapes Easy Access climate change in ecosystems (historic parks and gardens) features information information Cadw navigation (around gardens) gardens) navigation (around surveys of usage visitor facilities (ELC) Landscape Convention European listed structures extreme weather events extreme conservation philosophy Park Croome legal protection species on site protected Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 Strawberry Hill irrigation/drainage weather water volunteers Wales
West Lake (Hangzhou, China) West Wicksteed, Charles (1847–1931) Wicksteed Park (Kettering, Northamptonshire), Wicksteed Park (Kettering, Northamptonshire), wildlife Walpole , Horace (1717–97) Walpole Park (Ealing), signifi Walpole walled gardens, Crom Castle Crom walled gardens,
,
211 xviii, 340
225–226
cance
222 signifi 257 250
see
, 284–285
221, 19
324
223 195 166 284 227
218
219–226
284–285
431–432
access and equality
195, 221
18–19,
, 325–326 225
224
see 248
218 189
218–221 325
Central Park (New York, USA) USA) Central Park (New York, 225
219
218
Monticello (Virginia, USA) Monticello (Virginia, 222 children children
see
xxi, 18–19
155, 156, 160–161 226 see World Heritage Convention (1972) World see
European Landscape Convention Landscape European 137–138
222
219 c plants
see
see
13–14 (ELC) 225–226 340–341 283–286 Orcia (Italy) Orcia ’ children children amateur gardeners as amateur gardeners disabled people Amstelveen Heem Parks (Netherlands) Olympic Park (London) Sissinghurst Castle (Kent) communities movement ed Designation System (UDS) parks in Amstelveen Heem Parks (Netherlands) Amstelveen Heem Parks access and constraints on work demographics experience, ‘spirit of place’ (National Trust) foot-traffi authenticity and biological life derelict land derelict design Echinacea purpurea examples
Elizabethan Garden (Kenilworth Castle) Garden Elizabethan national strategies plant see also tree canopy expansion tree principles stability expertise staff sustainability and Victoria Park (London) Victoria Park (London) Monticello Public Parks Assessment Central Park UNESCO Unifi urban landscapes ‘vision statement’ visitors UK, ELC 2012 Change Risk Assessment UK Climate Victoria Park (London) vertical aerial photographs veteran tree vegetation management trial holes/trenches trial holes/trenches turf, sports turf usage turf, sports values (in heritage management) Calvert (1824–95) Vaux, value, of cultural landscapes Urban Parks Programme/Parks for People Urban Parks Programme/Parks d Val USA
385–391
eld) 391 386 ,
, 164–165 , 164–165
390 164
391
, 388, 87
389
385–386 87
388, 87,
387
387 385
aims Bretton Estate Bretton Marnock, Robert (1800–89) historic structures historic structures surveys woodland conservation management plan conservation history Yorkshire Sculpture Park (YSP) (Wakefi Sculpture Yorkshire wrought iron furniture furniture iron wrought James Yates, Wrest Park (Bedfordshire) (Bedfordshire) Park Wrest
109 408 109, 407,
236 – 378 321 265
235
235,
cultural landscapes cultural landscapes 277, 334
see 198–204
, 82–83
167 82
83
322–323
public parks after cultural landscapes cultural landscapes function aerial surveys (Cumbria) Lowther Castle and Gardens World Heritage Sites World Windsor seat Windsor seat College (Oxford) Worcester Convention (1972) Heritage World II War World Woodland Trust, Hackfall (Yorkshire) (Yorkshire) Hackfall Trust, Woodland Windsor chairs Windsor chairs Wimborne Road Cemetery (Bournemouth) Road Cemetery (Bournemouth) Wimborne Williams-Ellis, Clough (1883–1978) (1883–1978) Clough Williams-Ellis,
Index 450