DOCSLIB.ORG

A Grammar of Awtuw

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A Grammar of Awtuw PACIFIC LINGUISTICS Series B - No. 94 A GRAMMAR OF AWTUW by Harry Feldman Department of Linguistics Research School of Pacific Studies THE AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY PACIFIC LINGUISTICS is issued through the Linguistic Circle of Canberra and consists of four series: SERIES A - Occasional Papers SERIES B - Monographs SERIES C - Books SERIES D - Special Publications EDITOR: S.A. Wurm ASSOCIATE EDITORS: D.C. Laycock, C.L. Voorhoeve, D.T. Tryon, T.E. Dutton EDITORIAL ADVISERS: B.W. Bender K.A. McElhanon University of Hawaii Summer Institute of Linguistics David Bradley H.P. McKaughan La Trobe University University of Hawaii A. Capell P. MiihlhZusler University of Sydney Linacre College, Oxford Michael G. Clyne G.N. O'Grady Monash University University of Victoria, B.C. S.H. Elbert A.K. Pawley University of Hawaii University of Auckland K. J. Franklin K.L. Pike Summer Institute of Linguistics Summer Institute of Linguistics W.W. Glover E.C. Polom4 Summer Institute of Linguistics University of Texas G.W. Grace Malcolm Ross University of Hawaii Australian National University M.A.K. Halliday Gillian Sankoff University of Sydney University of Pennsylvania E. Haugen W.A.L. Stokhof Harvard University University of Leiden A. Healey B.K. T'sou Summer Institute of Linguistics City Polytechnic of Hong- Kong L.A. Hercus E.M. Uhlenbeck Australian National University University of Leiden Nguygn Bang Liem J.W.M. Verhaar University of Hawaii Divine Word Institute, John Lynch Alexishafen University of Papua New Guinea All correspondence concerning PACIFIC LINGUISTICS, including orders and subscriptions, should be addressed to: The Secretary PACIFIC LINGUISTICS Department of Lin uistics Research School o F Pacific Studies The Australian National University G.P.O. Box 4, Canberra, A.C.T. 2601 Australia. Copyright 0 The Author First Published 1986 Typeset by Dianne Stacey Printed by A.N.U. Printing Service Bound by Adriatic Bookbinders Pty Ltd The editors are indebted to the Australian National University for assistance in the production of this series. This publication was made possible by an initial grant from the Hunter Douglas Fund. National Library of Australia Card Number and ISBN 0 85883 342 5 TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ABBREVIATIONS Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION Chapter 2 PHONOLOGY AND MORPHOPHONOLOGY Chapter 3 LEXICAL MORPHOSYNTAX Chapter 4 VERBAL MORPHOSYNTAX Chapter 5 GRAMMATICAL RELATIONS AND VERB CLASSES Chapter 6 CASE MARKING Chapter 7 STRUCTURE OF THE NOUN PHRASE Chapter 8 VERBLESS PREDICATIONS Chapter 9 CLAUSE TYPES Chapter 10 INTERPREDICATE AND INTERCLAUSAL RELATIONS Chapter 11 LEXICAL FIELDS Chapter 12 PARALANGUAGE APPENDIX A: TEXTS Yawkil Tapwokil Yantelalekil APPENDIX B: LIST OF VERB ROOTS APPENDIX C: BASIC VOCABULARY - ENGLISH-AWTUW REFERENCES INDEX MAP 1: THE AWTUW LANGUAGE AREA iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS While I am responsible for the analysis presented here and its organisation, the data it is based upon belong to the Awtuw speaking people of Kamlakwlape, Wutlakwlape, Wiyuplape, Tupumlape, and Kalaktuwlape. I am most deeply indebted to the people of Meleylape, who allowed me to live in their hamlet for fifteen months, who helped me in many ways, and who patiently taught me their language. Among those who were most forthcoming were Yowmen, Takiy, Poliw, Altiy, Awkay, Awtiy, Eykiy, Kampo, Keriy, Mimpel, Momoy, Naytow, Osiy, Ruwmay, Wawpey, Yinow, Napeyre, Nimpiy. I am particularly grateful to Kewmaey, Yawur, Yakop, and Napeyre, who allowed me to tape their narratives and to Peyaw, Mimpel, and Ruwrnay, who dictated stories to me. There is no way that I can ever repay my debt to Yawur and Yakop, who helped me to transcribe texts and provided virtually all of the elicited material I have used. I am also grateful to the Institute of Papua New Guinea Studies, the Department of Language at the University of Papua New Guinea, the Sandaun Provincial Government, the Lumi District Office, and Kewmaey, Councillor for the Awtuw- speaking area, for their permission to study Awtuw. A large number of people deserve my thanks for the accommodation they so graciously provided. Wietze Baron accommodated me at Ukarumpa. Paul of the Lumi Police Detachment, Ian Bagley and other staff at Lumi High School, Father Terry and others at St Mary's Catholic Mission, and Kewmaey allowed me to stay in their houses in Lumi. And Brian McClintock put me up in Port Moresby. Leo Yimiten and Lumi District Office Staff helped me in a variety of ways and made the 1980 census data available to me. Val Lyon of the Department of Geography, Faculty of Arts at the Australian National University was kind enough to draw the map. Ger Reesink, Wietze Baron, Ken McElhanon, Les Bruce, and Dave Scorza of the Summer Institute of Linguistics (PNG Branch) discussed my proposed fieldwork with me and provided me with access to some unpublished material in their library. Don Laycock, Cecil Brown, Bill Mitchell, and Keith Thomas corresponded with me and encouraged me while I was in the field. I would also like to thank Avery Andrews, Cliff Goddard, Ian Green, Walter Seller, Tim Shopen and David Wilkins for discussing my work with me, and Cliff and David in particular for their valuable comments on draft chapters. The Australian National University provided me with a generous scholarship which made it possible to undertake this project at all. Finally, my gratitude to Tanya and Adam McConvell for their support and encouragement is unbounded. ABBREVIATIONS AND CONVENTIONS 1 First person FA Factive OBL Obliviative 2 Second person FU Future P Past 3 Third person GEN Generic marker PCL Particle A Adjective HR Hortative PF Perfect AB Absent I Instrumental/Commitative P IN Place name ADV Adverb I Intensifier PL Plural AGN Again IM Imperative POS Possessive NP AP Adjective Phrase IP Imperfective PPR Personal pronoun BEN Benefactive KT Kinship term PrN Personal name CDL Conditional L Locative/Directional PR Prohibitive CM Case marker MT Motion PRO Pronoun cm Comparative M Non-female PS Possessive marker CN Common noun MS Non-female singular PT Potential DB Debitive N Noun Q Quantifier DEM Demonstrative NDB Negative Debitive RC Reciprocal DES Desiderative NF Non-factive REFL Reflexive DET Determiner NG Negative S Clause constituent DH Downhill NM Number marker SG Singular DS Downstream NOM Nominal constituent TP Tok Pisin DU Dual NP Noun Phrase UH Uphill F Female NPR Non-present US Upstream FS Female singular 0 Object V Vocative Notational conventions enclose phonemes enclose phonetic transcriptions and feature specifications enclose optional elements enclose optional specifications and expansions enclose keyed feature specifications (see page 17) 'becomes' or 'is rewritten as' 'in the environment of' (also used to separate allomorphs and options in examples) 'is higher on a hierarchy than' inflectional or derivational morpheme boundary boundary between compounded elements word boundary unacceptable of marginal or dubious acceptability precedes a stressed syllable or indicates an elided vowel The canonical forms of verb roots are underlined with a broken line. CHAPTER 2 INTRODUCTION l. l Preface The data upon which I base the description presented here was collected in the course of a field trip of 15 months' duration (November 1979 -February 1981) in the village of Kamnuml the largest of the'five Awtuw-speaking villages. Insofar as possible I have gleaned examples from a small corpus of narrative text. But I have also used elicited examples to illustrate points where necessary. The content and structure of this description rest on a number of assumptions which I will attempt to make explicit. 1.1.1 Language is a singularly prominent facet of culture in that it serves as the main repository and channel of communication of culture. But there are areas of linguistic structure that may in most cultures be described conveniently and without significant distortion as discrete from other aspects of culture. Within the domain that is nuclear to languagel there are a number of structural components that mediate between meanings to be conveyed and the acoustic code through which they are transmitted. These components are the proper subject of linguistic description. 1.1.2 The physical properties of the acoustic code are marginal to linguistic description. Similarlyl the nature of the relations between expressible meanings and cognitive processes on the one hand and external reality on the otherl are marginal to the description of linquistic structure. Within this periphery are three main structural components. The phonological component mediates between meaningful forms and the acoustic code through which they are transmitted. The lexical component mediates between lexical forms and expressible meanings. And the grammatical component organises the composition and combination of lexical formsr mediating! as it werer between the other two components. Viewed in this wayl the grammatical component is central to linguistic structure. 1 intend here to present a comprehensivel even if not exhaustive, description of the morphologyr syntaxl and morphosyntax of Awtuw. Because Awtuw is a previously undescribed language! I include information on aspects of the lanquage peripheral to my main concerns. Specificallyl Chapter l places the lanquage in its social and sociolinguistic context, Chapter 2 provides an overview of Awtuw's rich phonological and morphophonological systeml Chapter l1 examines the structure of a few lexical fields of general interestl and Chapter 12 describes some paralinguistic phenomena. 1.1.3 The aims and methodology of linquistic theory and of linguistic description are fundamentally different. The aim of theory is to delimit and explain the functions of language in human society and human cognition. Its methodology must therefore be to establish a set of explanatory principles that will generate hypotheses about linguistic functions and the ways that languages can express them. These hypotheses can then be tested against empirical data about languages- The aim of linguistic description is to identify the formal classesl categoriesl and structures of a language on empirical, language-internal evidence.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 287374128.Pdf
    This is the accepted manuscript of the article, which has been published in Kittilä S., Västi K., Ylikoski J. (eds.) Case, Animacy and Semantic Roles. Typological Studies in Language, 99. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 2011. ISBN 978-90-272-0680-0. https://doi.org/10.1075/tsl.99 Is there a future for the Finnish comitative? Arguments against the putative synonymy of the comitative case -ine and the postposition kanssa Maija Sirola-Belliard University of Tampere 1. Introduction The core meaning of the comitative is Accompaniment, although cross- linguistically the same form can also be used for encoding Instrument or Possession, for example. The comitative is prototypically used to combine two nominal phrases which represent two human participants in a situation where one is accompanying the other. This relationship is not symmetrical: one of the participants in the situation is the main actor, so called accompanee, while the other, the companion, is more marginal and can be involved in the action only indirectly, i.e. through the accompanee. (Stolz et al. 2006: 5; 2009: 602f.) Across languages, Accompaniment can be expressed by adpositions, case affixes and serial constructions, among other means (Stolz et al. 2009: 602f.). In Finnish, the principal means are an inflectional case and several postpositions governing the genitive case. The comitative case marker is -ine, which, when 1 attached to a noun, is obligatorily followed by a possessive suffix that refers (in most cases) to the accompanee. The case marker is formally a plural since the plural marker -i- has been grammaticalized as a part of the affix.
    [Show full text]
  • The Ongoing Eclipse of Possessive Suffixes in North Saami
    Te ongoing eclipse of possessive sufxes in North Saami A case study in reduction of morphological complexity Laura A. Janda & Lene Antonsen UiT Te Arctic University of Norway North Saami is replacing the use of possessive sufxes on nouns with a morphologically simpler analytic construction. Our data (>2K examples culled from >.5M words) track this change through three generations, covering parameters of semantics, syntax and geography. Intense contact pressure on this minority language probably promotes morphological simplifcation, yielding an advantage for the innovative construction. Te innovative construction is additionally advantaged because it has a wider syntactic and semantic range and is indispensable, whereas its competitor can always be replaced. Te one environment where the possessive sufx is most strongly retained even in the youngest generation is in the Nominative singular case, and here we fnd evidence that the possessive sufx is being reinterpreted as a Vocative case marker. Keywords: North Saami; possessive sufx; morphological simplifcation; vocative; language contact; minority language 1. Te linguistic landscape of North Saami1 North Saami is a Uralic language spoken by approximately 20,000 people spread across a large area in northern parts of Norway, Sweden and Finland. North Saami is in a unique situation as the only minority language in Europe under intense pressure from majority languages from two diferent language families, namely Finnish (Uralic) in the east and Norwegian and Swedish (Indo-European 1. Tis research was supported in part by grant 22506 from the Norwegian Research Council. Te authors would also like to thank their employer, UiT Te Arctic University of Norway, for support of their research.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction to Case, Animacy and Semantic Roles: ALAOTSIKKO
    1 Introduction to Case, animacy and semantic roles Please cite this paper as: Kittilä, Seppo, Katja Västi and Jussi Ylikoski. (2011) Introduction to case, animacy and semantic roles. In: Kittilä, Seppo, Katja Västi & Jussi Ylikoski (Eds.), Case, Animacy and Semantic Roles, 1-26. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. Seppo Kittilä Katja Västi Jussi Ylikoski University of Helsinki University of Oulu University of Helsinki University of Helsinki 1. Introduction Case, animacy and semantic roles and different combinations thereof have been the topic of numerous studies in linguistics (see e.g. Næss 2003; Kittilä 2008; de Hoop & de Swart 2008 among numerous others). The current volume adds to this list. The focus of the chapters in this volume lies on the effects that animacy has on the use and interpretation of cases and semantic roles. Each of the three concepts discussed in this volume can also be seen as somewhat problematic and not always easy to define. First, as noted by Butt (2006: 1), we still have not reached a full consensus on what case is and how it differs, for example, from 2 the closely related concept of adpositions. Second, animacy, as the label is used in linguistics, does not fully correspond to a layperson’s concept of animacy, which is probably rather biology-based (see e.g. Yamamoto 1999 for a discussion of the concept of animacy). The label can therefore, if desired, be seen as a misnomer. Lastly, semantic roles can be considered one of the most notorious labels in linguistics, as has been recently discussed by Newmeyer (2010). There is still no full consensus on how the concept of semantic roles is best defined and what would be the correct or necessary number of semantic roles necessary for a full description of languages.
    [Show full text]
  • Person and Number in Pronouns: a Feature-Geometric Analysis
    PERSON AND NUMBER IN PRONOUNS: A FEATURE-GEOMETRIC ANALYSIS HEIDI HARLEY ELIZABETH RITTER University of Arizona University of Calgary The set of person and number features necessary to characterize the pronominal paradigms of the world’s languages is highly constrained, and their interaction is demonstrably systematic. We develop a geometric representation of morphosyntactic features which provides a principled explanation for the observed restrictions on these paradigms. The organization of this geometry represents the grammaticalization of fundamental cognitive categories, such as reference, plurality, and taxonomy. We motivate the geometry through the analysis of pronoun paradigms in a broad range of genetically distinct languages.* INTRODUCTION. It is generally accepted that syntactic and phonological representa- tions are formal in nature and highly structured. Morphology, however, is often seen as a gray area in which amorphous bundles of features connect phonology with syntax via a series of ad hoc correspondence rules. Yet it is clear from the pronoun and agreement paradigms of the world’s languages that Universal Grammar provides a highly constrained set of morphological features, and moreover that these features are systematically and hierarchically organized.1 In this article we develop a structured representation of person and number features intended to predict the range and types of interactions among them. More specifically, we will motivate the claims in 1. (1) Claims a. The language faculty represents pronominal elements with a geometry of morphological features. b. The organization of this geometry is constrained and motivated by con- ceptual considerations. c. Crosslinguistic variation and paradigm-internal gaps and syncretisms are constrained by the hierarchical organization of features in the universal geometry.
    [Show full text]
  • Abstract of Counting Systems of Papua New Guinea and Oceania
    Abstract of http://www.uog.ac.pg/glec/thesis/ch1web/ABSTRACT.htm Abstract of Counting Systems of Papua New Guinea and Oceania by Glendon A. Lean In modern technological societies we take the existence of numbers and the act of counting for granted: they occur in most everyday activities. They are regarded as being sufficiently important to warrant their occupying a substantial part of the primary school curriculum. Most of us, however, would find it difficult to answer with any authority several basic questions about number and counting. For example, how and when did numbers arise in human cultures: are they relatively recent inventions or are they an ancient feature of language? Is counting an important part of all cultures or only of some? Do all cultures count in essentially the same ways? In English, for example, we use what is known as a base 10 counting system and this is true of other European languages. Indeed our view of counting and number tends to be very much a Eurocentric one and yet the large majority the languages spoken in the world - about 4500 - are not European in nature but are the languages of the indigenous peoples of the Pacific, Africa, and the Americas. If we take these into account we obtain a quite different picture of counting systems from that of the Eurocentric view. This study, which attempts to answer these questions, is the culmination of more than twenty years on the counting systems of the indigenous and largely unwritten languages of the Pacific region and it involved extensive fieldwork as well as the consultation of published and rare unpublished sources.
    [Show full text]
  • Methodical Complex on Gross Anatomy for Ii Course
    MINISTRY OF HIGHER AND SECONDARY SPECIAL EDUCATION OF UZBEKISTAN BUKHARA STATE MEDICAL INSTITUTE NAMED AFTER ABU ALI IBN SINO DEPARTMENT OF ANATOMY "APPROVED" by Vice-Rector for Academic and educational work, Associate prof. G.J.Jarilkasinova ________________________________ "_____" ________________ 2020 Area of knowledge: 500000 - Health and social care Education field: 510000 - Healthcare Educational direction: 5510100 - Medical business 5111000 - Professional education (5510100 - Medicine business) 5510200 - Pediatric Medicine 5510300 - Medico-prophylactic business 5510400 – Dentistry (by directions) 5510900 – Medico-biological business EDUCATIONAL - METHODICAL COMPLEX ON GROSS ANATOMY FOR II COURSE Bukhara 2020 The scientific program was approved by the Resolution of the Coordination Council No. ___ of August ___, 2020 on the activities of educational and methodological associations in the areas of higher and secondary special and vocational education. The teaching and methodical complex was developed by order of the Ministry of Higher and Secondary Special Education of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated March 1, 2017 No. 107. Compilers: Radjabov A.B. - Head of the Department of Anatomy, Associate Professor Khasanova D.A. - Assistant of the Department of Anatomy, PhD Bobomurodov N.L. - Associate Professor of the Department of Anatomy Reviewers: Davronov R.D. - Head of the Department Histology and Medical biology, Associate Professor Djuraeva G.B. - Head of the Department of the Department of Pathological Anatomy and Judicial Medicine, Associate Professor The working educational program for anatomy is compiled on the basis of working educational curriculum and educational program for the areas of 5510100 - Medical business. This is discussed and approved at the department Protocol № ______ of "____" _______________2020 Head of the chair, associate professor: Radjabov A.B.
    [Show full text]
  • SPLIT-ERGATIVITY in HITTITE Petra Goedegebuure (University of Chicago)
    Published in: Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und vorderasiatische Archäologie. Volume 102, Issue 2, Pages 270–303, ISSN (Online) 1613-1150, ISSN (Print) 0084-5299, DOI: 10.1515/za- 2012-0015, January 2013 1 SPLIT-ERGATIVITY IN HITTITE Petra Goedegebuure (University of Chicago) “it is possible that all languages show ergativity on some level” (McGregor 2009, 482) 1. Introduction2 As a highly heterogeneous phenomenon ergativity remains a conundrum for linguistic theory. The ergative case has been treated as a structural case, an inherent/lexical case, or rather as a mix (Butt 2006). Split-ergativity is thought to arise as an epiphenomenon, as ‘collateral damage’ of diachronic change after reinterpretation of passive constructions with instrumentals (Dixon 1994) or through reanalysis of transitive null-subject clauses with inanimate instrumentals (Garrett 1990b). Alternatively, case assignment and therefore also split-ergativity ultimately depends on synchronic structural properties of the clause (Merchant 2006). It has been claimed that only 25% of the world’s languages shows ergativity (Van de Visser 2006), or that “all languages show ergativity on some level” (McGregor 2009, 482). Irrespective of the correct ratio, split-ergativity seems to be the norm among languages that show ergativity. When the ergative split is based on semantic features of noun phrases, it is generally assumed that animacy plays a major role. Silverstein (1976) has shown that pronouns and nouns can be hierarchically arranged based on semantic features such as person, number, or grammatical gender. The strength of this hierarchy is that if agent marking is attested for the first time at a certain point in the hierarchy, all nominals lower in the hierarchy will carry agent marking as well.
    [Show full text]
  • Adverbs in Kenyang
    International Journal of Linguistics and Communication June 2015, Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 112-133 ISSN: 2372-479X (Print) 2372-4803 (Online) Copyright © The Author(s). All Rights Reserved. Published by American Research Institute for Policy Development DOI: 10.15640/ijlc.v3n1a13 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.15640/ijlc.v3n1a13 Adverbs in Kenyang Tabe Florence A. E1 Abstract Kenyang (a Niger-Congo language spoken in Cameroon) has both pure and derived adverbs. Characteristic features of Kenyang adverbs can be captured from event structure constituting different functional projections in the syntax. Thus the behaviour of adverbs in this language is inextricably bound to both syntactic and semantic phenomena. The nature of the interface between them is explained based on their distribution and properties in the language. The adverbs can appear left-adjoined or right-adjoined to the verb. From a cartographic perspective, Kenyang adverbs can occupy different functional heads comprising the CP, IP and VP respectively. Each syntactic position affects the semantics of the proposition. The possibility of adverb stacking is constrained by the pragmatics of the semantic zones and the co-occurrence and ordering restrictions in the syntax. The ordering is a relative linear proximity rather than a fixed order. The theoretical relevance of the analysis is obtained from the assumption that there is a feasible correlation between the classes of adverbs and independently motivated functional projections, on the one hand, and on the existence of a one-to-one correlation between syntactic positions and semantic structures, on the other hand. Keywords: event structure, adverb taxonomy, interface, adverb focus, adverb ordering 1.0 Introduction Adverbs have been treated as the least homogenous category to define in language because their analysis as a grammatical category remains peripheral to the basic argument structure of the sentence.
    [Show full text]
  • Defective Causative and Perception Verb Constructions in Romance. a Minimalist Approach to Infinitival and Subjunctive Clauses
    Defective causative and perception verb constructions in Romance. A minimalist approach to infinitival and subjunctive clauses Elena Ciutescu Doctoral Dissertation Supervised by Dr. Jaume Mateu Fontanals Programa de Doctorat Ciència Cognitiva i Llenguatge Centre de Lingüística Teòrica Departament de Filologia Catalana Facultat de Filosofia i Lletres Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona 2018 Eu nu strivesc corola de minuni a lumii şi nu ucid cu mintea tainele, ce le-ntâlnesc în calea mea în flori, în ochi, pe buze ori morminte. Lumina altora sugrumă vraja nepătrunsului ascuns în adâncimi de întuneric, dar eu, eu cu lumina mea sporesc a lumii taină- şi-ntocmai cum cu razele ei albe luna nu micşorează, ci tremurătoare măreşte şi mai tare taina nopţii, aşa îmbogăţesc şi eu întunecata zare cu largi fiori de sfânt mister şi tot ce-i nenţeles se schimbă-n nenţelesuri şi mai mari sub ochii mei- căci eu iubesc şi flori şi ochi şi buze şi morminte. Lucian Blaga – ‘Eu nu strivesc corola de minuni a lumii’ (Poemele luminii, 1919) Abstract The present dissertation explores aspects of the micro-parametric variation found in defective complements of causative and perception verbs in Romance. The study deals with infinitival and subjunctive clauses with overt lexical subjects in three Romance languages: Spanish, Catalan and Romanian. I focus on various syntactic phenomena of the Case-agreement system in environments that exhibit defective C-T dependencies (in the spirit of Chomsky 2000; 2001, Gallego 2009; 2010; 2014). I argue in favour of a unifying account of the non- finite complementation of causative and perception verbs, investigating at the same time the mechanisms responsible for the micro-parametric variation exhibited by the three languages.
    [Show full text]
  • 2008Impersonalization.Pdf
    TRPS 211 Dispatch: 24.6.08 Journal: TRPS CE: Blackwell Journal Name Manuscript No. -B Author Received: No. of pages: 23 PE: Mahendrakumar Transactions of the Philological Society Volume 106:2 (2008) 1–23 1 2 INTRODUCTION: IMPERSONALIZATION FROM A 3 SUBJECT-CENTRED VS. AGENT-CENTRED 4 PERSPECTIVE 5 6 By ANNA SIEWIERSKA 7 Lancaster University 8 9 10 1. PRELIMINARIES 11 The notion of impersonality is a broad and disparate one. In the 12 main, impersonality has been studied in the context of Indo- 13 European languages and especially Indo-European diachronic 14 linguistics (see e.g. Seefranz-Montag 1984; Lambert 1998; Bauer 15 2000). It is only very recently that discussions of impersonal 16 constructions have been extended to languages outside Europe (see 17 e.g. Aikhenvald et al. 2001; Creissels 2007; Malchukov 2008 and the 18 papers in Malchukov & Siewierska forthcoming). The currently 19 available analyses of impersonal constructions within theoretical 20 models of grammar are thus all based on European languages. The 21 richness of impersonal constructions in European languages, has, 22 however, ensured that they be given due attention within any model 23 of grammar with serious aspirations. Consequently, the linguistic 24 literature boasts of many theory-specific analyses of various 25 impersonal constructions. The last years have seen a heightening 26 of interest in impersonality and a series of new analyses of 27 impersonal constructions. The present special issue brings together 28 five of these analyses spanning the formal ⁄ functional-cognitive 29 divide. Three of the papers in this volume, by Divjak and Janda, by 30 Afonso and by Helasvuo and Vilkuna, offer analyses couched 31 within or inspired by different versions of the marriage of 32 Construction Grammar and Cognitive Grammar as developed by 33 Langacker (1991), Goldberg (1995, 2006) and Croft (2001).
    [Show full text]
  • Valence-Increasing Strategies in Urim Syntax Written by Joyce Kathleen Wood and Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts
    Graduate Institute of Applied Linguistics Thesis Approval Sheet This thesis, entitled Valence-increasing strategies in Urim syntax written by Joyce Kathleen Wood and submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts with major in Applied Linguistics has been read and approved by the undersigned members of the faculty f the Graduate Institute of Applied Linguistics. Dr. Paul R. Kroegen(Mentor) Dr. Michael Boutin Dr. Karl J. Franklin Mr. Robet J. Conrad Vecember 4, 2012 Date VALENCE -INCREASING STRATEGIES IN URIM SYNTAX By Joyc e Kathleen Wood Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate Institute of Applied Linguistics in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts with major in Applied Linguistics Graduate Institute of Applied Lingu istics December 2012 © 2012 Joyce Kathleen Wood All Rights Reserved CERTIFICATE I acknowledge that use of copyrighted material in my thesis may place me under an obligation to the copyright holder, especially when use of such materials exceeds usual fair use provisions. I hereby certify that I have obtained the written permission of the copyright owner for any and all such occurrences and that no portion of my thesis has been copyrighted previously unless properly referenced. I hereby agree to indemnify and hold harmless the Graduate Institute of Applied Linguistics from any and all claims that may be asserted or that may arise from any copyright violation. 8ignature ecember 4 2012 Date THESIS DUPLICATION RELEASE I hereby authorize the Graduate Institute of Applied Linguistics Library to duplicate this thesis when needed for research and/or scholarship.
    [Show full text]
  • Library of Congress Subject Headings for the Pacific Islands
    Library of Congress Subject Headings for the Pacific Islands First compiled by Nancy Sack and Gwen Sinclair Updated by Nancy Sack Current to January 2020 Library of Congress Subject Headings for the Pacific Islands Background An inquiry from a librarian in Micronesia about how to identify subject headings for the Pacific islands highlighted the need for a list of authorized Library of Congress subject headings that are uniquely relevant to the Pacific islands or that are important to the social, economic, or cultural life of the islands. We reasoned that compiling all of the existing subject headings would reveal the extent to which additional subjects may need to be established or updated and we wish to encourage librarians in the Pacific area to contribute new and changed subject headings through the Hawai‘i/Pacific subject headings funnel, coordinated at the University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa.. We captured headings developed for the Pacific, including those for ethnic groups, World War II battles, languages, literatures, place names, traditional religions, etc. Headings for subjects important to the politics, economy, social life, and culture of the Pacific region, such as agricultural products and cultural sites, were also included. Scope Topics related to Australia, New Zealand, and Hawai‘i would predominate in our compilation had they been included. Accordingly, we focused on the Pacific islands in Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia (excluding Hawai‘i and New Zealand). Island groups in other parts of the Pacific were also excluded. References to broader or related terms having no connection with the Pacific were not included. Overview This compilation is modeled on similar publications such as Music Subject Headings: Compiled from Library of Congress Subject Headings and Library of Congress Subject Headings in Jewish Studies.
    [Show full text]