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Cambodian Journal of Natural History Cambodian Journal of Natural History Botum-Sakor bird survey Resin tapping Green peafowl status Community conservation incentives November 2009 Vol 2009 No. 1 Cambodian Journal of Natural History Editors Email [email protected] • Dr Jenny C. Daltry, Senior Conservation Biologist, Fauna & Flora International. • Dr Carl Traeholt, Co-ordinator, Malay Tapir Conservation Project, and Chief Lecturer in Biodiversity Conserva- tion, Centre for Biodiversity Conservation. • Callum McCulloch, Co-ordinator, Centre for Biodiversity Conservation. International Editorial Board • Dr Stephen J. Browne, Fauna & Flora • Dr Sovanmoly Hul, Muséum National d’Histoire International, Cambridge, UK. Naturelle, Paris, France. • Dr Martin Fisher, Editor of Oryx – The • Dr Andy L. Maxwell, World Wide Fund for International Journal of Conservation. Nature, Cambodia. • Dr L. Lee Grismer, La Sierra University, • Dr Jörg Menzel , University of Bonn, Germany. California, USA. • Dr Brad Pe i , Murdoch University, Australia. • Dr Knud E. Heller , Nykøbing Falster Zoo, • Dr Campbell O. Webb , Harvard University Denmark. Herbaria, USA. Other peer reviewers for this volume . The editors gratefully acknowledge the following experts for review- ing mansucripts submi ed to this journal: • Dr Nick Brickle, Wildlife Conservation Society, • Jeremy Holden, Freelance photographer and Indonesia. biologist, Cambodia. • Dr Tom Evans, Wildlife Conservation Society, • Ma hew Maltby, FFI, Cambodia. Cambodia. • Dr Sarah Milne, Cambridge University, UK. • Dr Neil Furey, Fauna & Flora International (FFI), • Oum Sony, FFI, Cambodia. Cambodia. • Emily Woodfi eld, FFI, Cambodia. • Frédéric Goes, Cambodia Bird News, France. We thank three additional reviewers who chose to remain anonymous. The Cambodian Journal of Natural History is a free journal published by the Centre for Biodiversity Conser- vation at the Royal University of Phnom Penh. The Centre for Biodiversity Conservation is a non-profi t making unit dedicated to training Cambodian biologists and to the study and conservation of Cambodian biodiversity. Cover photo : (© J Holden) The lesser adjutant Leptoptilos javanicus typically inhabits mangroves and small wetlands within dry forest (see Royan, this volume). It has a large distribution range throughout South and Southeast Asia, but has become scarce in many areas due to hunting, destruction of wetlands and the loss of big trees suitable for nesting. Cambodia now holds one of the largest populations, with an estimated 1,870 pairs. This is a globally threatened species, listed as Vulnerable by BirdLife International and IUCN. 3 Guest Editorial - Lessons learnt in establishing a Masters Programme in Biodiversity Conservation at the Royal University of Phnom Penh Rath Sethik Project Coordinator for the Masters Programme in Biodiversity Conservation, Room 415, Main Campus, The Royal University of Phnom Penh, Confederation of Russia Boulevard, Phnom Penh, 12000, Cambodia. Email [email protected] Cambodia is one of the richest countries in the region sors who deliver many of the lectures. By applying in terms of its biodiversity (MoE, 2004). More than very strict grading and examination rules and regu- 30 years of civil war, however, meant that baseline lations, the students have learned to work hard and surveys of Cambodia’s biodiversity did not begin become more profi cient in self-study and practi- in earnest until 1997 and, therefore, most plants cal research. Consequently, this programme has and wild animal species are not well understood produced high quality students who have quickly or documented (Daltry, 2008). Increasingly, Cambo- found good jobs with higher salaries or gained pro- dia’s natural resources are being destroyed by both motion within their institutions. Some of our stu- internal and external forces, which is resulting in dents have won scholarships to pursue their further plants and wild animals becoming rare and threat- studies abroad. ened with extinction (MoE, 2004). Even though our programme has had many Cambodia suff ers from a lack of skilled human indications of success, however, it has faced some resources to manage and conserve biodiversity in challenges. The fi rst is that some of our students a more sustainable manner. More qualifi ed Cam- have low profi ciency in English and therefore strug- bodian managers, planners and researchers are gle with lectures and reading materials in this lan- considered indispensable. In response to this need, guage. The second challenge is that the majority of the Royal University of Phnom Penh (RUPP), in modules are taught by international lecturers who conjunction with Fauna & Flora International are not permanently based in Cambodia, which (FFI), decided to establish a Masters of Science gives students fewer opportunities to benefi t from programme in Biodiversity Conservation in 2005. their ongoing instruction and one-to-one mentor- The MSc course covers a wide range of subjects ing. The shortage of qualifi ed people in Cambodia including Integrated Natural Resources Management, can also make it diffi cult to fi nd external supervi- Research Analysis, Environmental Impact Assess- sors to assist the students with their thesis projects. ment and Environmental Law, Project Cycle Manage- Finally, most students have other work to a end to ment, Protected Areas Management, Data Presentation and therefore have limited time to study. Conse- and Scientifi c Report Writing, Species Conservation, quently, some students fail their examinations and Research Methods and Applied Statistics, Geographical assignments, and it can take them longer than the Information Systems , and Ecological Field Techniques . intended two years to gain their degrees. Since 2005, 120 students have enrolled in this To overcome some of these challenges, Dr programme, including staff from the government Neil Furey was appointed as Head of Academic agencies, NGOs and private sector. The students Development in 2009 to work permanently with have found this programme to be very useful, and the programme. This has helped the programme have especially benefi ted from the diverse experi- to run more smoothly because Dr Furey can give ence and perspectives of the international profes- additional mentoring and tuition to students while Cambodian Journal of Natural History 2009 (1) 3-4 © Centre for Biodiversity Conservation, Phnom Penh 4 they conduct their course assignments and thesis supervise graduate and undergraduate students in research. Another important strategy is to gradu- both the Department of Environmental Science and ally transfer teaching duties to Cambodian nation- Department of Biology. This “multiplier eff ect” will als as more suitably qualifi ed people become avail- enable even more Cambodians to understand and able. The immediate benefi ts of doing this will be to care for our natural heritage. further increase the frequency of personal tutorials for students, to enable more lectures to be delivered in Khmer language, and to make the programme References more sustainable. Daltry, J.C. (2008) Editorial - Cambodia’s biodiver- We hope this course will continue forever and sity revealed. Cambodian Journal of Natural History , that the Centre for Biodiversity Conservation will 2008, 3-5. become a research centre of excellence. We are now MoE - Ministry of Environment (2004) State of Envi- establishing an applied research programme to ronment Report. Ministry of Environment, Gov- assist graduate students to pursue doctoral studies ernment of Cambodia, Phnom Penh, Cambodia. on biodiversity conservation themes in Cambodia. Alongside this, scholarships are being made avail- able to assist good students from disadvantaged Editor’s note:- Rath Sethik and some of the recent gradu- backgrounds to enrol on the Masters programme. ates from this programme can be seen in Fig. 1 below, In my opinion, the Masters course is having a and the abstracts from several recent Masters theses can positive impact within the RUPP itself because be found on pages 58 to 62. In addition, graduate Oum graduate students can demonstrate the capacity to Sony is the lead author of a full paper on pages 40-57, conduct research independently, off er lectures, and which was based on his MSc research thesis. Fig. 1 Rath Sethik (far right) and Callum McCulloch with MSc graduates in 2009 (© J. Holden, FFI-RUPP). © Centre for Biodiversity Conservation, Phnom Penh Cambodian Journal of Natural History 2009 (1) 3-4 Mreah prew phnom 5 Progress in breaking the link between narcotics crime and rainforest loss in Cambodia David Bradfi eld and Jenny C. Daltry Fauna & Flora International, Jupiter House, Station Road, Cambridge CB1 2JD, United Kingdom. Email davidbradfi [email protected], jenny.daltry@fauna-fl ora.org This paper fi rst appeared in Oryx - The International Journal of Conservation in October 2008. It is reproduced here with the kind permission of the Oryx editorial team and Cambridge University Press. One of the least publicised causes of rainforest tional eff orts to track and control the production of destruction in recent years has been the produc- ecstasy were complicated by the fact that safrole has tion of amphetamine-type stimulants, including other, legitimate uses, including the production of methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), com- degreasants, tooth paste and paints. The felling and monly known as ecstasy. An important precursor of processing of mreah prew phnom trees, however, is MDMA is safrole oil, refi ned from sassafras oil from unequivocally illegal in
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