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VACUUM BRAKING SYSTEM Mr CIKITUSI JOURNAL FOR MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH ISSN NO: 0975-6876 VACUUM BRAKING SYSTEM Mr. Nand Lal Shah, Dept. of Electrical & Electronics Engineering Rabindranath Tagore University, Bhopal ABSTRACT: For years, the vacuum brake was used as the normal, fail-safe train brake used by railways instead of the air brake. The vacuum brake system is manipulated via a brake pipe which connects the brake valve in the driver's car with braking gear on any vehicle. An ejector or exhauster device creates the aspirations in the pipe. Keywords: Brake valve, Exhauster, Dummy coupling, Coupled hoses, Vacuum reservoir, Brake cylinder, Brake rigging, Brake block, Brake ball. INTRODUCTION Brakes consist of mechanical elements to slow or stop shafts on the drives of equipment [1]. They use levers or connections to transmit strength from one point to the next [2]. Braking slows or prevents the shafts moving together [3]. Mechanical brakes are the easiest to set, have a metal strip lined with a friction fabric which is resistant to heat and wear [4]. When the sanding shoes press a spinning surface called a drum, drum brakes which are widely used on automotive rear wheels function. Brake pads, a caliper, a rotor are built in disk brakes [5]. The brake pads are pressed against the rotor during operation [6]. WORKING Volume 5, Issue 3, March 2018 165 http://cikitusi.com/ CIKITUSI JOURNAL FOR MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH ISSN NO: 0975-6876 The ejector removes the atmospheric pressure from the brake pipe to generate the vacuum by steam on the steam train, or by a tug, on other kinds of trains using electric power [7]. The brake is applied completely without vacuum [8]. The vacuum is generated by a motor-driven exhauster in the brake pipe and retained [9]. Two speeds, elevated velocity and low velocity are in the exhauster [10]. The high-speed is turned into a void and the brakes are released [11]. The vacuum at the necessary level to maintain the frequency of brake release is used with slow velocity. The brake pipe is preserved by vacuum from tiny leaks. The function of vacuum braking system parts are:- Brake valve Using a brake valve, the driver regulates the brake. There are: release, run, lap, stop, lap position to operate the brake system. Exhauster A two-speed, train-fitting rotary machine to remove the air pressure from the brake tube, tanks, and brake cylinders to release the brake. Dummy coupling At the ends of every vehicle, a stupid couple point is provided to seal the ends of the brake pipe hoses when the vehicle has been disconnected. Coupled hoses The brake tube is conveyed through flexible tubes between neighboring cars. Vacuum reservoir A vacuum reservoir on or linked to the top of the piston ensures the operation of the brake has a source of vacuum. Volume 5, Issue 3, March 2018 166 http://cikitusi.com/ CIKITUSI JOURNAL FOR MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH ISSN NO: 0975-6876 Brake cylinder The piston motion inside the cylinder runs the brakes via "rigging" connections. Brake rigging The motion of the brake cylinder piston transmits stress from this mechanism to the brake blocks of every wheel. Brake block The friction material pressed on the wheel surface by the upward motion of the piston brake cylinder. Ball valve The ball valve must be maintained during the brake release, at the desired level, i.e. the same as the break pipe, while the vacuum in the vacuum tank is maintained, but the brake pipe connection should be locked during brake application. RESULT & CONCULSION The vacuum brake was the ordinary, non-stoppable train brake used instead of the air brake by the railways. A brake pipe connects the brake van into the driver's car with the braking equipment of every vehicle to handle the vacuum brake system. The pipe is supplied by an executor or exhaust unit. So, this braking system is more efficient than other brake in train. REFERENCES [1] H. Xu, K. Greenland, D. Bloswick, J. Zhao, and A. Merryweather, “Vacuum Volume 5, Issue 3, March 2018 167 http://cikitusi.com/ CIKITUSI JOURNAL FOR MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH ISSN NO: 0975-6876 level effects on gait characteristics for unilateral transtibial amputees with elevated vacuum suspension,” Clin. Biomech., 2017. [2] A. Day, “Brake System Layout Design,” in Braking of Road Vehicles, 2014. [3] H. Jeppsson, M. Östling, and N. Lubbe, “Real life safety benefits of increasing brake deceleration in car-to-pedestrian accidents: Simulation of Vacuum Emergency Braking,” Accid. Anal. Prev., 2018. [4] B. Jia, G. Lu, Y. Wang, and G. Yu, “The Measurement for Performance Parameter of Automobile Braking System with Electronic Vacuum Booster,” Procedia - Soc. Behav. Sci., 2013. [5] R. Anbalagan, J. Jancirani, and N. Venkateshwaran, “Design and Modification of vacuum braking system,” Int. J. Eng. Res. Appl., 2013. [6] Z. Tan, Z. Chen, X. Pei, J. Zhang, and X. Guo, “Research and Simulation of Electro-Hydraulic Braking System Based on Integrated Master Cylinder,” in SAE Technical Papers, 2015. [7] D. Zhi-Hua, L. Zheng-Bao, and L. Mu-Xi, “Research on new automobile power hydraulic braking system by vibratory energy,” in 2011 International Conference on Consumer Electronics, Communications and Networks, CECNet 2011 - Proceedings, 2011. [8] L. Yu, X. Liu, Z. Xie, and Y. Chen, “Review of brake-by-wire system used in modern passenger car,” in Proceedings of the ASME Design Engineering Technical Conference, 2016. [9] R. Renz, G. Seifert, and W. Krenkel, “Integration of CMC brake disks in automotive brake systems,” Int. J. Appl. Ceram. Technol., 2012. [10] D. Zhang, L. Qin, J. Wang, and K. Li, “Brake pressure control for vehicle driver assistance system base on electronic vacuum booster,” Qiche Gongcheng/Automotive Eng., 2011. [11] H. Zhang, W. Han, L. Xiong, and S. Xu, “Design and research on hydraulic Volume 5, Issue 3, March 2018 168 http://cikitusi.com/ CIKITUSI JOURNAL FOR MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH ISSN NO: 0975-6876 control unit for a novel integrated-electro-hydraulic braking system,” in 2016 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference and Expo, Asia-Pacific, ITEC Asia-Pacific 2016, 2016. Volume 5, Issue 3, March 2018 169 http://cikitusi.com/.
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