DOCSLIB.ORG

Influence of Human Activities on Insect Diversity and Abundance in the Wetland Environment

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Influence of Human Activities on Insect Diversity and Abundance in the Wetland Environment University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh INFLUENCE OF HUMAN ACTIVITIES ON INSECT DIVERSITY AND ABUNDANCE IN THE WETLAND ENVIRONMENT BY BEATRICE AYORKOR MENSAH 10357994 THIS THESIS IS SUBMITTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF GHANA, LEGON IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF MPHIL ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE DEGREE JUNE, 2013 University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh DECLARATION I hereby declare that except for references to other people‟s work, which I have duly acknowledged, this dissertation is the result of my own research work under the supervision of Dr Rosina Kyerematen and Dr. Ted Annang. This work has neither in part nor wholly been presented elsewhere for another degree or for any other purpose. ………………………………………. .……..………………. BEATRICE AYORKOR MENSAH DATE (STUDENT) ……………………………..…… ………........................ DR. ROSINA KYEREMATEN DATE (SUPERVISOR) …………………………….. ……………………… DR. TED ANNANG DATE (CO- SUPERVISOR) i University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh DEDICATION This work is dedicated to God almighty and my dear father Mr. JOSEPH Mensah Mensah and my children. ii University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh ACKNOWLEDGEMENT My foremost appreciation goes to the Lord Almighty for sustaining me throughout the course of this research. I would first like to express my gratitude to my supervisors, Dr. Rosina Kyerematen and Dr. Ted Annang under whose diligent supervision this study has been successfully completed. I would like to acknowledge the Health Division CSIR Institute Ecological Laboratory, Department of Geography and Resource Development and the Centre for African Wetlands for the use of their laboratory facilities. I also feel a deep sense of gratitude to Mr. Henry Ekow Davis, Mr. Roger Sigismond whose selfless and valued contribution and support by way of identification of insect in the laboratory contributed immensely to the successful completion of this study. I am also thankful to Mr. Daniel Acquah-Lamptey and Mr. Jones Dartey whose selflessa and valued contribution and support on the field contributed immensely to the successful completion of this work. I am also grateful to Mr. Francis Doe for his help with data analysis. Lastly, my profound thanks go to my husband, Mr. Abraham Laryea Okorley for his support, understanding and encouragement and for his immense contribution in diverse ways during my MPhil. Programme iii University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh TABLE OF CONTENT DECLARATION ................................................................................................................... i DEDICATION ...................................................................................................................... ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .................................................................................................. iii TABLE OF CONTENT ....................................................................................................... iv LIST OF TABLES .............................................................................................................. xii LIST OF PLATES ............................................................................................................ xiii ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................................... xiv CHAPTER ONE ................................................................................................................... 1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 Background ..................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Justification ..................................................................................................................... 3 1.3 Objectives ........................................................................................................................ 5 1.4 Hypothesis ....................................................................................................................... 5 CHAPTER TWO .................................................................................................................. 7 LITERATURE REVIEW...................................................................................................... 7 2.1 Definition of Wetlands .................................................................................................... 7 2.2 Biodiversity ..................................................................................................................... 8 2.3 Types of Wetlands........................................................................................................... 9 2.4 Ghana‟s Wetland Resources ........................................................................................... 9 2.4.1 Marine/Coastal Wetland............................................................................................... 9 2.4.2 Inland Wetlands ......................................................................................................... 10 2.4.3 Man-Made Wetlands .................................................................................................. 10 2.5 “Wise Use” of Wetlands .............................................................................................. 10 2.6 Ramsar Wetlands .......................................................................................................... 11 2.7 Wetland Services ........................................................................................................... 11 iv University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh 2.8 Threats to Ghana‟s Wetlands. ....................................................................................... 12 2.9 Insects ............................................................................................................................ 13 2.9.1 Evolution of Insects ................................................................................................... 13 2.9.2 Wetland Insects .......................................................................................................... 14 2.9.3 Subclasses of Insects .................................................................................................. 14 2.9.4 Suborder Exopterygota............................................................................................... 15 2.9.5 Suborder Endopterygota............................................................................................. 15 2.9.6 Importance of Insects in the Aquatic Environment.................................................... 16 2.9.7 Factors influencing Insect Abundance and Diversity ................................................ 16 2.9.7.1 Density-Dependent Factors ..................................................................................... 16 2.9.8 Density-Independent Factors ..................................................................................... 18 2.10 Pollution ...................................................................................................................... 20 2.10.1 Definition ................................................................................................................. 20 2.10.2 Types of Pollution .................................................................................................... 20 2.10.2.1 Water Pollution ..................................................................................................... 21 2.11 Water Quality .............................................................................................................. 24 2.11.1 Physical Characteristics ........................................................................................... 24 2.11.2 Chemical Characteristics .......................................................................................... 24 2.11.3 Biological Characteristics ........................................................................................ 25 2.11.4 Suspended Solids ..................................................................................................... 25 2.11.5 Turbidity ................................................................................................................... 25 2.11.6 Colour ....................................................................................................................... 26 2.11.7 Temperature ............................................................................................................. 26 2.11.8 pH ............................................................................................................................. 26 2.11.9 Conductivity and Salinity ......................................................................................... 27 2.11.10 Dissolved Oxygen (DO) ......................................................................................... 27 2.11.11 Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) ................................................................... 28 v University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh 2.11.12 Trace metals ........................................................................................................... 28 2.11.13 Cadmium ................................................................................................................ 28 2.11.14 Copper ...................................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Insect Science and Biotechnology”
    Dottorato di Ricerca Internazionale “INSECT SCIENCE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY” XXI ciclo Settore Disciplinare BIO 09 Primary cultures of insect midgut cells: a system to study membrane permeability to proteins and specific tools to enhance permeation Tesi di dottorato di: Gaia CERMENATI Coordinatore del dottorato: Prof. Francesco PENNACCHIO Università di Napoli “Federico II” Docenti guida: Prof.ssa Barbara GIORDANA Dott.ssa Morena CASARTELLI Università degli Studi di Milano Anno Accademico 2007-2008 Summary 1. Introduction 1 1.1 The need of new strategies for pest control 2 1.2 Protein transport in absorptive epithelia 4 1.2.1 Protein endocytosis 5 1.2.2 Intracellular trafficking of endocytic vesicles 10 1.3 Proteins and peptides absorption in the insect midgut 15 1.4 Differentiation of single mature cells in culture from 17 midgut stem cells of lepidopteran larvae 1.5 Cell Penetrating Peptides as a tool for drug delivery 20 1.6 A study of how a virus traverses the insect midgut 24 2. Materials and Methods 27 2.1 Experimental animals 28 2.2 Histological analysis of IV instar midgut epithelium 28 during pre-moult, moult and V instar feeding period 2.3 Preparation of midgut cells cultures 28 2.4 Viability of cells in culture, recognition and count 30 of stem cells, differentiating cells and mature cells along six weeks 2.5 Enzymes assay 30 2.6 Internalisation of FITC-albumin by columnar cells 31 2.6.1 Colocalisation experiments 32 2.6.2 Immunodetection of microtubules organisation 33 2.6.3 Detection of actin filaments 34 2.6.4 Fluorescence acquisition and analysis 34 2.6.5 Western blot analysis 35 2.6.6 Analysis of mRNA expression of a putative 36 megalin homologue 2.7 Internalisation of EGFP and Tat-EGFP by columnar cells 37 2.7.1 Tat-EGFP internalisation in isolated midguts 37 2.8 Enzymatic disaggregation of midgut tissue 39 II 2.9 Detection of Cy3-Jc DNV in midgut cells 40 3.
    [Show full text]
  • Tachinid (Diptera: Tachinidae) Parasitoid Diversity and Temporal Abundance at a Single Site in the Northeastern United States Author(S): Diego J
    Tachinid (Diptera: Tachinidae) Parasitoid Diversity and Temporal Abundance at a Single Site in the Northeastern United States Author(s): Diego J. Inclan and John O. Stireman, III Source: Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 104(2):287-296. Published By: Entomological Society of America https://doi.org/10.1603/AN10047 URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.1603/AN10047 BioOne (www.bioone.org) is a nonprofit, online aggregation of core research in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences. BioOne provides a sustainable online platform for over 170 journals and books published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses. Your use of this PDF, the BioOne Web site, and all posted and associated content indicates your acceptance of BioOne’s Terms of Use, available at www.bioone.org/page/terms_of_use. Usage of BioOne content is strictly limited to personal, educational, and non-commercial use. Commercial inquiries or rights and permissions requests should be directed to the individual publisher as copyright holder. BioOne sees sustainable scholarly publishing as an inherently collaborative enterprise connecting authors, nonprofit publishers, academic institutions, research libraries, and research funders in the common goal of maximizing access to critical research. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY AND BIODIVERSITY Tachinid (Diptera: Tachinidae) Parasitoid Diversity and Temporal Abundance at a Single Site in the Northeastern United States 1 DIEGO J. INCLAN AND JOHN O. STIREMAN, III Department of Biological Sciences, 3640 Colonel Glenn Highway, 235A, BH, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435 Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 104(2): 287Ð296 (2011); DOI: 10.1603/AN10047 ABSTRACT Although tachinids are one of the most diverse families of Diptera and represent the largest group of nonhymenopteran parasitoids, their local diversity and distribution patterns of most species in the family are poorly known.
    [Show full text]
  • £Arasites Associated with Lepidopterous Pests of Alfalfa in .Qklahoma
    £ARASITES ASSOCIATED WITH LEPIDOPTEROUS PESTS OF ALFALFA IN .QKLAHOMA By KATHLEEN MARY SENST I' Bachelor of Arts Wartburg College Waverly, Iowa 1974 Master of Science Oklahoma State University Stillwater, Oklahoma 1978 Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate College of the Oklahoma State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY July, 1982 PARASITES ASSOCIATED WITH LEPIDOPTEROUS PESTS OF ALFALFA IN OKLAHOMA Thesis Approved: . ~ \ . ii 1143730 j ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I w.isb. to expres.s. my deep appreciation to my major adviser, Dr. Ricb.ard Berberet, for hi:s willi.ngness. to advise and help, and for his friendsb.i.p duri.ng thi:s: s:tudy and preparation of this manuscript. Appreciation is. expressed to Ors. Ray Eikenbary, Jerry Young, Robert Burton, and John Caddel for serving as members of my graduate committee, and to Or. Ron McNeu for his help in analyzing the data. Thanks. are extended to Mary Hininger, Melinda Davis, Donna Ridge, Phoebe Courtney, and Debbie Lauchner for their assistance in the lab­ oratory, and to Doug Sander and Kevin Mussett for their assistance in the fi.el d. Special thanks goes to Ms. Anne Hunt for clerical review and typing of this manuscript. My most sincere appreciation is reserved for my husband, John (Soteres}, for his encouragement, understanding, and patience while I was completing this work. I share the credit for this work with my family, whose love and support have been a constant source of encourage­ ment in my life. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter Page I. GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1 II.
    [Show full text]
  • Integrated Pest Management of the Mexican Rice Borer in Louisiana and Texas Sugarcane and Rice Francis P
    Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 2005 Integrated pest management of the Mexican rice borer in Louisiana and Texas sugarcane and rice Francis P. F. Reay-Jones Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations Part of the Entomology Commons Recommended Citation Reay-Jones, Francis P. F., "Integrated pest management of the Mexican rice borer in Louisiana and Texas sugarcane and rice" (2005). LSU Doctoral Dissertations. 761. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/761 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please [email protected]. INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT OF THE MEXICAN RICE BORER IN LOUISIANA AND TEXAS SUGARCANE AND RICE A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the formal requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of Entomology by Francis P. F. Reay-Jones B.S., Université Bordeaux 1, 1999 M.S., Université d’Angers/Institut National d’Horticulture, 2001 August 2005 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to express my gratitude to my major advisor, Dr. Thomas E. Reagan, for his guidance, motivation, and also for introducing me with great enthusiasm to LSU football and Cajun cuisine. I would like to express my appreciation to my graduate committee, Drs. Benjamin L Legendre, E.
    [Show full text]
  • Check-List of the Butterflies of the Kakamega Forest Nature Reserve in Western Kenya (Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea, Papilionoidea)
    Nachr. entomol. Ver. Apollo, N. F. 25 (4): 161–174 (2004) 161 Check-list of the butterflies of the Kakamega Forest Nature Reserve in western Kenya (Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea, Papilionoidea) Lars Kühne, Steve C. Collins and Wanja Kinuthia1 Lars Kühne, Museum für Naturkunde der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstraße 43, D-10115 Berlin, Germany; email: [email protected] Steve C. Collins, African Butterfly Research Institute, P.O. Box 14308, Nairobi, Kenya Dr. Wanja Kinuthia, Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museums of Kenya, P.O. Box 40658, Nairobi, Kenya Abstract: All species of butterflies recorded from the Kaka- list it was clear that thorough investigation of scientific mega Forest N.R. in western Kenya are listed for the first collections can produce a very sound list of the occur- time. The check-list is based mainly on the collection of ring species in a relatively short time. The information A.B.R.I. (African Butterfly Research Institute, Nairobi). Furthermore records from the collection of the National density is frequently underestimated and collection data Museum of Kenya (Nairobi), the BIOTA-project and from offers a description of species diversity within a local literature were included in this list. In total 491 species or area, in particular with reference to rapid measurement 55 % of approximately 900 Kenyan species could be veri- of biodiversity (Trueman & Cranston 1997, Danks 1998, fied for the area. 31 species were not recorded before from Trojan 2000). Kenyan territory, 9 of them were described as new since the appearance of the book by Larsen (1996). The kind of list being produced here represents an information source for the total species diversity of the Checkliste der Tagfalter des Kakamega-Waldschutzge- Kakamega forest.
    [Show full text]
  • Comparative Morphology of the Male Genitalia in Lepidoptera
    COMPARATIVE MORPHOLOGY OF THE MALE GENITALIA IN LEPIDOPTERA. By DEV RAJ MEHTA, M. Sc.~ Ph. D. (Canta.b.), 'Univefsity Scholar of the Government of the Punjab, India (Department of Zoology, University of Oambridge). CONTENTS. PAGE. Introduction 197 Historical Review 199 Technique. 201 N ontenclature 201 Function • 205 Comparative Morphology 206 Conclusions in Phylogeny 257 Summary 261 Literature 1 262 INTRODUCTION. In the domains of both Morphology and Taxonomy the study' of Insect genitalia has evoked considerable interest during the past half century. Zander (1900, 1901, 1903) suggested a common structural plan for the genitalia in various orders of insects. This work stimulated further research and his conclusions were amplified by Crampton (1920) who homologized the different parts in the genitalia of Hymenoptera, Mecoptera, Neuroptera, Diptera, Trichoptera Lepidoptera, Hemiptera and Strepsiptera with those of more generalized insects like the Ephe­ meroptera and Thysanura. During this time the use of genitalic charac­ ters for taxonomic purposes was also realized particularly in cases where the other imaginal characters had failed to serve. In this con­ nection may be mentioned the work of Buchanan White (1876), Gosse (1883), Bethune Baker (1914), Pierce (1909, 1914, 1922) and others. Also, a comparative account of the genitalia, as a basis for the phylo­ genetic study of different insect orders, was employed by Walker (1919), Sharp and Muir (1912), Singh-Pruthi (1925) and Cole (1927), in Orthop­ tera, Coleoptera, Hemiptera and the Diptera respectively. It is sur­ prising, work of this nature having been found so useful in these groups, that an important order like the Lepidoptera should have escaped careful analysis at the hands of the morphologists.
    [Show full text]
  • Genomic Designing of Pearl Millet: a Resilient Crop for Arid and Semi-Arid Environments
    Chapter 6 Genomic Designing of Pearl Millet: A Resilient Crop for Arid and Semi-arid Environments Desalegn D. Serba, Rattan S. Yadav, Rajeev K. Varshney, S. K. Gupta, Govindaraj Mahalingam, Rakesh K. Srivastava, Rajeev Gupta, Ramasamy Perumal and Tesfaye T. Tesso Abstract Pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.; Syn. Cenchrus ameri- canus (L.) Morrone] is the sixth most important cereal in the world. Today, pearl millet is grown on more than 30 million ha mainly in West and Central Africa and the Indian sub-continent as a staple food for more than 90 million people in agri- culturally marginal areas. It is rich in proteins and minerals and has numerous health benefits such as being gluten-free and having slow-digesting starch. It is grown as a forage crop in temperate areas. It is drought and heat tolerant, and a climate-smart crop that can withstand unpredictable variability in climate. However, research on pearl millet improvement is lagging behind other major cereals mainly due to limited investment in terms of man and money power. So far breeding achievements include the development of cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS), maintenance counterparts (rf) system and nuclear fertility restoration genes (Rf) for hybrid breeding, dwarfing genes for reduced height, improved input responsive- ness, photoperiod neutrality for short growing season, and resistance to important diseases. Further improvement of pearl millet for genetic yield potential, stress tolerance, and nutritional quality traits would enhance food and nutrition security for people living in agriculturally dissolute environments. Application of molecular technology in the pearl millet breeding program has a promise in enhancing the selection efficiency while shortening the lengthy phenotypic selection process D.
    [Show full text]
  • Oregon Invasive Species Action Plan
    Oregon Invasive Species Action Plan June 2005 Martin Nugent, Chair Wildlife Diversity Coordinator Oregon Department of Fish & Wildlife PO Box 59 Portland, OR 97207 (503) 872-5260 x5346 FAX: (503) 872-5269 [email protected] Kev Alexanian Dan Hilburn Sam Chan Bill Reynolds Suzanne Cudd Eric Schwamberger Risa Demasi Mark Systma Chris Guntermann Mandy Tu Randy Henry 7/15/05 Table of Contents Chapter 1........................................................................................................................3 Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 3 What’s Going On?........................................................................................................................................ 3 Oregon Examples......................................................................................................................................... 5 Goal............................................................................................................................................................... 6 Invasive Species Council................................................................................................................. 6 Statute ........................................................................................................................................................... 6 Functions .....................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Insecta: Psocodea: 'Psocoptera'
    Molecular systematics of the suborder Trogiomorpha (Insecta: Title Psocodea: 'Psocoptera') Author(s) Yoshizawa, Kazunori; Lienhard, Charles; Johnson, Kevin P. Citation Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 146(2): 287-299 Issue Date 2006-02 DOI Doc URL http://hdl.handle.net/2115/43134 The definitive version is available at www.blackwell- Right synergy.com Type article (author version) Additional Information File Information 2006zjls-1.pdf Instructions for use Hokkaido University Collection of Scholarly and Academic Papers : HUSCAP Blackwell Science, LtdOxford, UKZOJZoological Journal of the Linnean Society0024-4082The Lin- nean Society of London, 2006? 2006 146? •••• zoj_207.fm Original Article MOLECULAR SYSTEMATICS OF THE SUBORDER TROGIOMORPHA K. YOSHIZAWA ET AL. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2006, 146, ••–••. With 3 figures Molecular systematics of the suborder Trogiomorpha (Insecta: Psocodea: ‘Psocoptera’) KAZUNORI YOSHIZAWA1*, CHARLES LIENHARD2 and KEVIN P. JOHNSON3 1Systematic Entomology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan 2Natural History Museum, c.p. 6434, CH-1211, Geneva 6, Switzerland 3Illinois Natural History Survey, 607 East Peabody Drive, Champaign, IL 61820, USA Received March 2005; accepted for publication July 2005 Phylogenetic relationships among extant families in the suborder Trogiomorpha (Insecta: Psocodea: ‘Psocoptera’) 1 were inferred from partial sequences of the nuclear 18S rRNA and Histone 3 and mitochondrial 16S rRNA genes. Analyses of these data produced trees that largely supported the traditional classification; however, monophyly of the infraorder Psocathropetae (= Psyllipsocidae + Prionoglarididae) was not recovered. Instead, the family Psyllipso- cidae was recovered as the sister taxon to the infraorder Atropetae (= Lepidopsocidae + Trogiidae + Psoquillidae), and the Prionoglarididae was recovered as sister to all other families in the suborder.
    [Show full text]
  • AGIDE Final Report
    COMPTE RENDU FINAL D’EXECUTION DE PROJET I. INFORMATIONS DE BASE Nom de l’organisation : Association pour la Gestion Intégrée et Durable de l'Environnement (AGIDE) Adresses Siège social : Tsévié, Préfecture de Zio, Région maritime, TOGO B.P. 149 Tsévié – TOGO Cel. :(00228) 909 05 84 E-mail : [email protected] Antennes : Kpalimé, Préfecture de Kloto, Région des plateaux E-mail : [email protected] Titre du projet : Inventory of Butterflies in the Missahoe Classified Forest in Togo, Upper Guinea Forest II. REMARQUES PRÉALABLES 1 – Présentation sommaire du Togo Situé dans la sous région Ouest africaine, le Togo est un petit pays effilé coincé entre le Bénin à l’Est et le Ghana à l’Ouest. Il est limité au Nord par le Burkina Faso et au Sud par le Golfe de Guinée. Sa superficie est de 56 600 km2. La population est de 4 500 000 habitants avec une densité moyenne de 25 habitants / Km2. La proportion de la femme est de 62%. La zone guinéenne du Togo qui comprend les régions Maritimes et des Plateaux compte 76,6% de pauvre dont 65,5% extrêmement pauvre1. Sur le plan économique, l’évolution du PIB par habitant du Togo en général a progressivement baissé depuis les années 1997 à la suite de la situation socio politique du pays, jointe aux problèmes climatiques qui ont eu des impacts négatifs sur la flore, la faune et la production agricole2. En vue de freiner la pression anthropique sur les ressources naturelles et réduire la pauvreté des populations tributaires des ressources animales et végétales, les divers programme de développement3 proposent dans leur plan d’action, le développement des activités génératrices de revenus afin d’orienter les activités de ces exploitants.
    [Show full text]
  • Vertical Stratification and Co-Occurrence Patterns of The
    Forests 2012, 3, 127-136; doi:10.3390/f3010127 OPEN ACCESS forests ISSN 1999–4907 www.mdpi.com/journal/forests Article Vertical Stratification and Co-Occurrence Patterns of the Psocoptera Community Associated with Eastern Hemlock, Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carrière, in the Southern Appalachians Carla Coots 1,*, Paris Lambdin 1, Jerome Grant 1, Rusty Rhea 2 and Edward Mockford 3 1 Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; E-Mails: [email protected] (P.L.); [email protected] (J.G.) 2 USDA Forest Service, Forest Health Protection, 200 Weaver Boulevard, Asheville, NC 28804, USA; E-Mail: [email protected] 3 School of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, IL 61790, USA; E-Mail: [email protected] * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-865-974-4979; Fax: +1-865-974-4744. Received: 10 February 2012; in revised form: 1 March 2012 / Accepted: 7 March 2012 / Published: 21 March 2012 Abstract: Of the more than 300 species of Psocoptera described in North America, 44 species have been documented on eastern hemlock, Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carrière, in the southern Appalachians. However, the distribution and co-occurrence patterns of these species throughout the tree canopy are unknown. This study was initiated to evaluate specimen abundance, species richness and species composition among three designated strata in the canopy of eastern hemlock, assess species for vertical stratification patterns, and determine if co-occurrence patterns of Psocoptera species are random or non-random. During this study, 27 species representing 18 genera and 10 families were evaluated.
    [Show full text]
  • Taxonomic Studies of Family (Formicidae: Hymenoptera)
    Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 2020; 8(1): 1384-1389 E-ISSN: 2320-7078 P-ISSN: 2349-6800 Taxonomic studies of family (Formicidae: JEZS 2020; 8(1): 1384-1389 © 2020 JEZS Hymenoptera) six genera from district Received: 01-11-2019 Accepted: 05-12-2019 Faisalabad Punjab Pakistan Ghulam Mohyuddin Department of Entomology, University of Agriculture Ghulam Mohyuddin, Asad Bashir, Aqsa Mahmood, Tariq Sharif, Irum Faisalabad, Pakistan Waheed and Sohail Ahmed Asad Bashir Department of Entomology, Abstract University of Agriculture Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) are species rich and ecologically leading of all eusocial invertebrates. Faisalabad, Pakistan Cosmopolitan distribution across the tropical, subtropical and temperate zoogeographic regions. They are excellent bio indicator, predator, scavengers, omnivores, granivores and herbivores having good Aqsa Mahmood mutualistic behaviour with flora and fauna constitute greater part of biomass 16-20%. Ants were Department of Zoology and collected from diverse vicinities of District Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan by using aspirator belongs to 6 Fisheries, University of genera included 8 species Bingham taxonomic keys and other reliable literature were used for Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan identification. All of these types are new to ant creatures of Faisalabad namely: are described for the first time from this District. Following genera were identified Pheidole westwood, 1840, Monomorium Mayr, Tariq Sharif 1855 Meranoplus Smith, 1854, Solenopsis westwood, 1840, Atopomyrmex Andr, 1889, Crematogaster Department of Entomology, University of Agriculture Lund, 1832. Taxonomic keys are also provided for better identification. Faisalabad, Pakistan Keywords: taxonomy, formicidae, genera, hymenoptera, Faisalabad, Punjab Irum Waheed Department of Zoology and Introduction Fisheries, University of Most dominant component of terrestrial ecosystem ants (Solenopsis invicta) belongs to family Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan Formicidae and order Hymenoptera constitute a greater part of biomass.
    [Show full text]