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Integrated Pest Management of the Mexican Rice Borer in Louisiana and Texas Sugarcane and Rice Francis P

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Integrated Pest Management of the Mexican Rice Borer in Louisiana and Texas Sugarcane and Rice Francis P Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 2005 Integrated pest management of the Mexican rice borer in Louisiana and Texas sugarcane and rice Francis P. F. Reay-Jones Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations Part of the Entomology Commons Recommended Citation Reay-Jones, Francis P. F., "Integrated pest management of the Mexican rice borer in Louisiana and Texas sugarcane and rice" (2005). LSU Doctoral Dissertations. 761. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/761 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please [email protected]. INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT OF THE MEXICAN RICE BORER IN LOUISIANA AND TEXAS SUGARCANE AND RICE A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the formal requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of Entomology by Francis P. F. Reay-Jones B.S., Université Bordeaux 1, 1999 M.S., Université d’Angers/Institut National d’Horticulture, 2001 August 2005 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to express my gratitude to my major advisor, Dr. Thomas E. Reagan, for his guidance, motivation, and also for introducing me with great enthusiasm to LSU football and Cajun cuisine. I would like to express my appreciation to my graduate committee, Drs. Benjamin L Legendre, E. Barry Moser, Boyd Padgett, Allan T. Showler, Mike J. Stout, and M.O. Way for their constructive guidance and comments during this work. I am grateful to Dr. José Amador from the Texas A&M University Agricultural Research and Extension Station in Weslaco for cooperation and extensive assistance in facilitating my greenhouse studies in the Lower Rio Grande Valley. These studies would not have been possible without the kind help from Weslaco Center employees Soledad Alvarez and Margarita Garcia for helping to rear nearly 2,000 Mexican rice borer moths. Appreciation is also expressed to other center employees Dr. Jorge da Silva, Eddie Hernandez, José Huerta, Dr. T.X. Liu, José Rivera, and Robert Saldaña. I also wish to thank Jaime Cavazos (USDA-ARS Weslaco) in Dr. Showler’s laboratory for helping with free amino acid analyses. My gratitude is also expressed to Dr. L. Ted Wilson from Texas A&M University Agricultural Research and Extension Station in Beaumont for extensive help with the design and analyses of the oviposition and moth movement work. From the Beaumont center, I would also like to thank Mark Nuñez, Cynthia Tribble, Glenn Wallace, and from the Eagle Lake site Eddie Pavliska, James Raabe, Billy Sanders, Bennie Schmidt, and Jack Vawter for technical assistance. ii Appreciation is also expressed to former Texas county agent Marvin Lesikar for assistance in plot maintenance, checking pheromone traps, and irrigation water applications at the Ganado site. For their participation in the Mexican rice borer trapping program, I wish to thank Texas county extension agents: Joel Ardoin, Glenn Avriett, Brent Batchelor, Corrie Bowen, Bruce Chiarello, Roger Havlak, Ron Holcomb, Rick Jahn, Marvin Lesikar, David McGregor, Zan Matthies, John O'Connell, Chris Schneider, Philip Shackelford, and Louisiana county agents: Howard Cormier, Eddie Eskew, Jimmy Flanagan, Jerry Whatley, and Gary Wickie; rice and sugarcane farmers: Milton Beckendorf, Loretta and James Brown, Mike Burnside, Raymond Dollins, Chad Elms, Raymond Franz, Larry Frick, Jacko Garrett, Steven Goetsch, Dan Harris, Kenneth and Buddy Holbrook, David LeCompte, Billy Mann, Randall and Roger Manville, Rodney Pederson, Joey Sliva, Steve Stelly, Ray and Neal Stoesser, W.A. Virnau, Jack Wendt, Terry Whitaker, and J.D. Woods, Jr.; consultants Dan Bradshaw, Gary Bradshaw, Peter Bruno, Mike Burnside, Julio Castillo; Jessica and Monica Aguillard, Travis Aldrich, Derick Beach, Adam Blackwelder, Anthony Brown, Ashley Easley, Luis Espino, Hance Harper, Matt Heiner, Zack Landry, Jeff Lounsbery, Ryan Martin, Ryan McCormick, Josh and Lucas Moore, Josh Turner, Matt Vaglica, Michael Weiss, and Rebecca Wolff (Texas A&M University, Beaumont); Allan Fabre, Tad Hardy (Louisiana Department of Agriculture and Forestry), S.S. Nilakhe (Texas Department of Agriculture); Wayne Thompson (CEA) for their technical assistance. Appreciation is also expressed to Jerry W. McGee for pheromone trap monitoring at the Rohm & Haas research facilities for several years including 1999, 2000 and 2002. iii I would also like to thank Waseem Akbar, Jason Hamm, Chris McAllister (formerly LSU AgCenter), and Fred Posey (formerly LSU AgCenter) for technical assistance. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS...................................................................................................ii ABSTRACT.......................................................................................................................ix INTRODUCTION...............................................................................................................1 CHAPTER 1. LITERATURE REVIEW…........................................................................4 CHAPTER 2. RESISTANCE TO THE MEXICAN RICE BORER AMONG LOUISIANA AND TEXAS SUGARCANE CULTIVARS…………………………….20 CHAPTER 3. INTEGRATED TACTICS FOR MANAGING THE MEXICAN RICE BORER IN SUGARCANE...............................................................................................34 CHAPTER 4. OVIPOSITION OF THE MEXICAN RICE BORER ON SUGARCANE AND RICE………………………………………………………………………….……52 CHAPTER 5. MONITORING THE MOVEMENT OF THE MEXICAN RICE BORER IN THE TEXAS RICE BELT.………………….…………………………....…………..82 SUMMARY…………………………………..…………………………………...…..…94 REFERENCES CITED......................................................................................................99 APPENDIX A. SAS CODE FOR CHAPTER 2.....................................................................118 B. SAS CODE FOR CHAPTER 3......................................................................138 C. FIELD MAPS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA FOR CHAPTER 2….…143 D. FIELD MAPS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA FOR CHAPTER 3……145 E. DATA FOR CHAPTER 4…………………………………………………..148 F. LETTER OF PERMISSION FOR CHAPTER 2…………………………...176 VITA................................................................................................................................177 v LIST OF TABLES 2.1. Injury (± SEM) by E. loftini to five commercial sugarcane cultivars, resultant survival (± SEM) of older larvae inside the stalks, and moth production (± SEM) at Weslaco, Hidalgo County, TX, 2001-2002……………………….…25 2.2. Injury (± SEM) by E. loftini to six sugarcane cultivars, resultant survival (± SEM) of older larvae inside the stalks, and moth production (± SEM) at Ganado, Jackson County, TX, 2002..……………………...……………..…....27 2.3. Name of cultivar, year released for commercial use, parents and sugarcane borer D. saccharalis resistance for cultivars grown commercially in Louisiana….....31 3.1. Statistical comparisons of E. loftini injury and adult emergence from irrigation/cultivar/insecticide experiment on sugarcane at Ganado, TX, 2003- 2004………………………………………………………………………….…40 3.2. Free amino acid accumulations (nanomoles per 10 µL sugarcane juice) in sugarcane leaves from cultivars LCP 85-384 and HoCP 85-845 in irrigated and non-irrigated plots, Ganado, TX, 2003.……………..….…….………….…….44 4.1. Design of E. loftini oviposition studies, Weslaco, TX, 2003-2004……………58 4.2. Sugarcane and rice phenology and physiochemical measurements from greenhouse oviposition test, Weslaco, TX, 2003-2004……...….………….….63 4.3. Multiple contrasts of plant phenology measurements on rice and sugarcane from greenhouse oviposition test, Weslaco, TX, 2003-2004. …….....………….…..64 4.4. Free amino acid accumulations (nanomoles per 10 µL juice) in rice and sugarcane leaves from greenhouse oviposition test, Weslaco, TX, 2003-2004. 66 4.5. Multiple contrasts of free amino acid accumulations (nanomoles per 10 µL juice) in rice and sugarcane leaves from greenhouse oviposition test, Weslaco, TX, 2003-2004....................................................................................................67 4.6. Regression analyses (n = 4) of E. loftini oviposition estimates (egg mass and eggs per egg mass per plant) using plant phenology and physiochemical measurements on rice………….……………………….………………..……..69 4.7. Correlation coefficients (P < 0.1) of E. loftini oviposition estimates with plant phenology and physiochemical measurements.....…………....…………......…70 4.8. Regression analyses (n = 4) of E. loftini eggs per plant oviposition estimate using plant phenology and physiochemical measurements on rice……....……71 vi 4.9. Regression analyses (n = 8) of E. loftini oviposition estimates (egg mass and eggs per egg mass per plant) using plant phenology and physiochemical measurements on sugarcane. ……………………………….……………….…72 4.10. Regression analyses (n = 8) of E. loftini eggs per plant oviposition estimate using plant phenology and physiochemical measurements on sugarcane….….73 5.1. Dates and frequency of E. loftini trapping in the Texas Rice Belt 2000-2004...85 5.2. Characteristics of 95% confidence interval of annual centroids. ………....…...90 vii LIST OF FIGURES 2.1. Proportion of bored internodes
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