REMEMBERING ELLSWORTH BUNKER I CHILD SOLDIERS I ONE DAY IN HAITI $3.50 / NOVEMBER 2003 OREIGN ERVICE FJ O U R N A L STHE MAGAZINE FOR FOREIGN AFFAIRS PROFESSIONALS IN THEIR OWN WRITE Books by Foreign Service Authors Government Solutions Satellite reliability known the world over © 2003 Intelsat Intelsat networks set the global standard As the challenges of the world change, your need for reliable telecommunications remains constant. For almost 40 years Intelsat has provided governments with satellite communications solutions for voice, data, video and imagery. Today those solutions feature truly global coverage and an unmatched, 99.997 percent reliability. Experience, technical superiority, flexibility and service make Intelsat the supplier of choice for your communications needs. Contact us at +1 202 944-7803 or via email at [email protected] www.intelsat.com CONTENTS November 2003 I Volume 80, No. 11 F OCUSON F S A UTHORS THE VIEW FROM THE ROND-POINT HARRY TRUMAN / 47 It was just one of many murders on an ordinary day, 19 / IN THEIR OWN WRITE: but the killing of Jean-Jacques Durand encapsulates BOOKS BY FOREIGN SERVICE AUTHORS what Haitians have lost. Once again we are pleased to feature a compilation By Daniel F. Whitman of recently published books by Foreign Service- affiliated authors. In addition to a wide selection APPRECIATION / 51 of policy-oriented works, memoirs and novels, A Soldier in the Cause of Peace: this year’s edition includes several helpful “how to” books Sergio Vieira de Mello, 1948-2003 for adapting to the nomadic FS lifestyle, as well as new By Tatiana C. Gfoeller culinary and children’s books sections — truly something for everyone. By Susan Maitra C OLUMNS PRESIDENT’S VIEWS / 5 A Proud Profession F EATURES By John Limbert 37 / ELLSWORTH BUNKER: SPEAKING OUT / 16 GLOBAL TROUBLESHOOTER, VIETNAM HAWK The Middle East Road Map: Ambassador Ellsworth Bunker is perhaps most Going Nowhere Fast often remembered today as having been a “hawk” By Ronald Spiers in wartime Saigon. But the controversies that still REFLECTIONS / 60 surround that period should not obscure the major Page 19 By Pam Anderson contributions he made to the successful practice of American diplomacy for nearly 30 years. By Howard B. Schaffer D EPARTMENTS LETTERS / 7 43 / THE LOST CHILDREN OF GULU CYBERNOTES / 12 The U.S. and other international donors are BOOKS / 49 assisting the young Ugandan victims of the Lord’s IN MEMORY / 53 Resistance Army. But much more needs to be done. By Jeffrey Ashley INDEX TO ADVERTISERS / 58 AFSA NEWS / CENTER INSERT THE MAGAZINE FOR FOREIGN AFFAIRS PROFESSIONALS OREIGN ERVICE Foreign Service Journal (ISSN 0146-3543), 2101 E Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20037-2990 is published FJ O U R N A L S monthly with a combined July/August issue by the American Foreign Service Association, a private, non-profit Editor Editorial Board STEVEN ALAN HONLEY organization. Material appearing herein represents the opinions of the writers and does not necessarily represent the views of the Journal, the Editorial Board or AFSA. Writer queries and submissions are invited, preferably by Associate Editor JUDITH BAROODY, SUSAN B. MAITRA CHAIRMAN e-mail. Journal subscription: AFSA Members - $9.50 included in annual dues; others - $40. For foreign surface Business Manager mail, add $18 per year; foreign airmail, $36 per year. Periodical postage paid at Washington, D.C., and at additional MIKKELA V. THOMPSON MARK W. BOCCHETTI mailing offices. 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BILL WANLUND TED WILKINSON Cover and inside illustration by Elizabeth Scott NOVEMBER 2003/FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL 3 PRESIDENT’S VIEWS A Proud Profession BY JOHN LIMBERT It seems appro- Iraq was hot, dangerous, anarchic, very well: our new colleagues are priate to devote my tangled, and absolutely unpredictable. outstanding. first column as your Our working and living conditions, Special kudos should also go to our new AFSA president especially in the earliest days, were retired colleagues, whose knowledge to a few words of from the “hunter-gatherer” phase. and willingness to help in the most introduction. First, I Working alongside a talented group of unpromising settings are keeping our would like to thank Civil Service and military colleagues, posts secure, healthy and functioning my predecessor John we never knew from one day to the through some very difficult times. Naland and State VP Louise Crane, next what we would face as we sought At various times in Mauritania, for who led AFSA so ably between John’s to understand and come to terms with example, our RSO, our management departure and my arrival. I started Kurds, Shi’ites, Ba’athists masquerad- officer, our information specialist, our work at AFSA headquarters on Sept. ing as born-again democrats, and local office manager, and even our desk 8, 2003, after spending three years militias (which, with all their faults, did officer back in the department, were as chief of mission at a maximum- provide a measure of security in a retirees working as WAEs. hardship SEP post (Nouakchott, setting of chaos). We can all take pride No one needs to give the Foreign Mauritania), including a two-month in what our colleagues have done, and Service lessons in courage and patrio- side trip to Kuwait and Baghdad to are doing, there. tism. We should never give any ground work on General Jay Garner’s Iraq The same was true during my three to those who would, for example, take reconstruction team. years in Nouakchott. I could not have cheap shots at our consular employees I have been an FSO for 30 years, with been prouder of how our people were — the same consular employees who service mostly in the Middle East performing under very adverse and ensured the well-being of hundreds of (Algiers, Jeddah, Abu Dhabi, Dubai and austere conditions. No sooner had I American citizens during times of civil Tehran) and Africa (Djibouti, Conakry returned there from Baghdad than a strife in Liberia, Mauritania and the and Nouakchott). In Washington, I’ve group of disgruntled military officers Ivory Coast. Most of the places we served on three State promotion boards, from the Mauritanian armored brigade work are dangerous and difficult, and worked in the department’s Office of turned their tank cannons against the recent efforts of terrorists have left the Coordinator for Counterterrorism the president and the government. employees and their families with (S/CT) and been the chief of new- Everyone in the U.S. mission family — fewer and fewer safe havens. employee orientation at FSI. communications personnel, our securi- Far from making any apologies for What have I seen in my recent ty officer, spouses and children, and doing what we do, we have every right postings? Above all, I am more con- our wonderful FSN community — to feel proud of how well we use vinced than ever that ours is a proud responded with professionalism and our experience, our skills in foreign profession. In Baghdad, for example, courage in the best traditions of our languages, and our knowledge of our Foreign Service team from many Service. I would make special mention personal relations and foreign cultures agencies — including both active-duty of our newly-hired specialists and to defend U.S. interests around the globe and retired employees — has been generalists (who made up a large and look after individual Americans performing magnificently in a setting proportion of our staff). Whatever the living abroad. The Foreign Service — all that resembles the bar in “Star Wars.” Board of Examiners and FSI are doing of it — is serving the American people to recruit and train the folks coming very well indeed. I will ensure that John Limbert is the president of the into the Service via the Diplomatic AFSA serves the members of the American Foreign Service Association. Readiness Initiative, they are doing it Foreign Service. I NOVEMBER 2003/FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL 5 LETTERS A Poached Byline have been slighted and treated as cussed at country team meetings I would like to correct the byline second-class citizens. The comments could easily be handled through e- on the article “Assisting Anti-Poaching about FSOs not knowing what mails to all employees. As for repre- Efforts in Chad” contained in your specialists do or that there are differ- sentational events, without language September issue. When asked for my ences in treatment or benefits training, they become a real bore. So, input on what specialists do in the between FSOs and specialists are dear specialists, consider yourselves Foreign Service, I incorrectly assumed absolutely right on. It happens day in lucky. that it would be published as a few and day out, and it even happens in One thing that really struck me short paragraphs accompanied by the Journal.