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Chonburi Province Forestry Resource There Are a Total of 1,453 Km2 Or 908,125 Rais of Forest Area in Chonburi Province (As Shown in Fig

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Chonburi Province Forestry Resource There Are a Total of 1,453 Km2 Or 908,125 Rais of Forest Area in Chonburi Province (As Shown in Fig E1914 Public Disclosure Authorized Initial Environmental Evaluation for Public Disclosure Authorized Thailand AEP livestock waste management project by Public Disclosure Authorized AIR SAVE CO., LTD 15th flr. Italthai Tower, 2034/70-71 New Phetchaburi Rd., Bangkapi, Huaykwang, Bangkok, Thailand 10310 Tel: (662) 7234455 Fax : (662) 7234452 E-mail : [email protected] Public Disclosure Authorized June 2008 Content Title Page Chapter 1 Introduction 1-1 1.1. Project History 1-1 1.2. Project Objective 1-1 1.3. Report Objective 1-1 Chapter 2 Project Location, Project Location Selection, 2-1 And Project Operation Selection 2.1. Project Location 2-1 2.2. Project Location Selection 2-1 2.3. Project Operation Selection 2-1 Chapter 3 Project Details 3-1 3.1. Biogas System 3-1 Chapter 4 Current Environment Condition and Environmental 4-1 Impacts Evaluation 4.1. Introduction 4-1 4.2. Physical Resource 4-1 4.3. Biological Resource 4-49 4.4. Human Usage Quality Impact 4-57 4.5. Life Quality 4-72 Chapter 5 Environmental Impact Prevention and Reduction 5-1 Measure And Environmental Quality Follow-up Measure Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1. Project History Currently most of the waste from pig farm is eliminated in the open lagoon. This method is widely used in the Southeast Asia countries. By letting the waste to disintegrate in the fermented lagoon, there would be biogas namely, methane gas, released to the atmosphere. Methane gas contributes to the greenhouse effect 21 times more than CO2; therefore, releasing the biogas to the atmosphere would increase the rate for greenhouse effect or the earth temperature. One of the project objectives is to reduce the pollution from the source by focusing on the waste management system, of 10 pig farms in Ratchaburi province and Chonburi province (totaling 180,000 pigs). That is turning open lagoon into anaerobic digestion system. The biogas from the disintegration will be collected and used as energy replacement to be used in the farms without being released to the atmosphere. Such activities would reduce and solve the problem concerning the pollution within the farms such as unpleasant smell and disease carrying insect breeding. The said the operation is not in the activity that must be accompanied by the environmental impact assessment according to Thailand law. However, the Office of Natural Resource and Environmental Policy has designated the clean development mechanism for the initial environmental evaluation for the activity that is not covered by environmental impact assessment. 1.2. Project Objective (1) To be consistent with the atmosphere change by reducing greenhouse gas release, which is caused by livestock waste. (2) To assist Thailand in the improvement and demonstration of livestock waste usage consistent with the CDM project. (3) To improve and demonstrate the livestock waste and sediment management (4) To use the methane gas from pig farm. (5) To increase the number of pig farms members to participate in the global warming reduction project from the pig farm operation under the CDM project. 1-1 1.3. Report Objective The objectives of IEE preparation are as followed: - Analyzing and evaluate the current situation, social /economical condition of the project and the areas that might be impacted by the project both during the construction and operation. - Evaluate the environmental impact from the project development both during the construction and operation - Recommending the environmental impact prevention and reduction and prepare the environmental management plan for the period prior to the project construction and operation 1-2 Chapter 2 Project Location, Project Location Selection, And Project Operation Selection 2.1. Project Location There are 10 pig farms participating in this project. The farms are located in Ratchaburi province Chonburi province as shown in Fig. 2.1-1 to 2.1-3) as followed: - Jom Bueng district farms, Ratchaburi province, comprise of Maneerat Farm, Vee Thai Farm, Wanchai Farm, and Supparerk Farm. - Pak Thor district, Ratchaburi province, comprise of KOS Farm, Jung Farm, Karnjana Farm, and Karnjana Hybrid Farm. - Photharam district, Ratchaburi province, comprise of AP Farm - Koh Jan district, Chonburi province, comprise of Panat Amporn Farm 2.2. Project Location Selection There are numerous pig farms locating in Ratchaburi province. From the information from Department of Livestock, it was found that in the year 2003, there were roughly 1,174,344 pigs in the farms in Ratchaburi province or 15% of the pig population countrywide. Most of the farms in Ratchaburi province still lack the standard environmental management system resulting in environmental problems. There are also numerous pig farms in Chonburi province. In the year 2003, there are roughly 575,780 pigs in the province or 7.52% of the pig population countrywide. 2.3. Project Operation Selection 1st method: Open lagoon is the original method that was designed to be able to treat and collect the waste from the pig farms at the same time, which is the most widely used in Thailand due to its effectiveness and low cost. However, this method releases greenhouse gas to the atmosphere. 2nd method: Air Flow Lagoon is the installation of the mechanism in the pond resulting in the need for increase energy in order to yield high level of air leading to higher energy waste and cost and oxide gas level. 2-1 3rd method: Biogas System is highly effective in the treatment of the waste and also reduces the biogas being released to the atmosphere resulting in better environmental management because it is a closed system. However, biogas system cost more than other methods. 2-2 Fig. 2.1-1: Map showing the location of the project in Thailand 2-3 Fig. 2.1-2: Map showing the location of participating farms in Ratchaburi province 2-4 Fig. 2.1-3: Map showing the location of participating farms in Chonburi province 2-5 2-6 Chapter 3 Project Details 3.1. Biogas System Project biogas can be separated into 2 main parts; wastewater treatment system and electrical current system with the following details: 3.1.1. Wastewater Treatment System (1) The project will improve the farm wastewater system by the installation of fermented gutter called “Channel digester plus” including the improvement of additional treatment system in order to yield more effectiveness by using CPD technology that has been developed by the institute of energy research and development such as hydraulic retention time to reduce the size of sludge drying bed. For the detail of the farm wastewater treatment system, the project has implemented improvement as shown in Fig. 3.1.1-1 and Table 3.1.1-1 and the wastewater treatment effectiveness as shown in Fig. 3.1.1-2 with the following components: Water release gutter is for collecting wastewater and pig waste from the sty. There would be screen installed on the said gutters to block the sediment such as waste, pig hair, and other sediments prior to the water being released to the wastewater treatment system. Wastewater collection tank is the tank that adjusts the wastewater flow rate into the system with the hydraulic retention time at roughly 10 hours. Sand collection act as the blockage for the sand that may be mixed with the wastewater to prevent the accumulation in the wastewater treatment system. (2) Channel digester plus digest the organic chemical that is floating (as shown in CDP form in Fig. 3.1.1-3). The organic substance with large molecule will be digested into smaller molecules by bacteria resulting in volatile fatty acid. The bacteria that produce methane will be used in the production of biogas, which will be collected in the fermented pond prior to being used. The sediment that has been digested will be sent to the sediment drying lot and the CDP will be sent to the wastewater treatment system for further treatment. Fig. 3.1.1-1: Project biogas flow diagram Table 3.1.1-1 Participating farms biogas system details Wastewater amount Channel digest plus Wastewater entering the system Wastewater leaving the system Farm name (meter3/day) (meter3/day) COD value (mg/l) COD value (mg/l) 1. KOS Farm 274 3044 10000 48.76 2. Wanchai Farm 506 4110 10000 26.40 3. Maneerat Farm 405 4070 10000 32.99 4. Vee Thai Farm 315 3177 10000 42.41 5. Jung Farm 545 5450 10000 24.51 6 AP Farm 270 2700 10000 49.48 7. Supparerk Farm 1445 14520 10000 9.25 8. Karnjana Hybrid Farm 780 7980 10000 17.13 9. Karnjana Farm 605 6090 10000 22.08 10. Panat Amporn Farm 224 2400 10000 59.64 Note - The percentage is calculated from COD remain from the previous unit - Due to the usage of COD value in the design: BOD-60% COD - TKN 1mg/l=COD 2.29 mg/l Each farm has different unit amount Fig. 3.1.1-2: Project wastewater treatment system effectiveness 3-4 Fig. 3.1.1-3: Project fermented gutter diagram (3) Post treatment treats the wastewater from the bio system in order to yield better quality. There is still minimal bioorganic remains from after the wastewater has gone through the primary treatment from CDP and ammonia and nitrogen in high value, which must be eliminated prior to being used as followed: Drying pond is used for receiving the wastewater for the CDP pond and the water from the sediment lot, which is divided into 2 parts; upper and lower. The upper part will use oxygen in the disintegration. Te oxygen created from the seaweed will turn ammonia into Nitrate, and the bottom the nitrate will turn in to nitrogen. Water plantation pond treats the wastewater that is from drying pond.
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