E1914

Public Disclosure Authorized Initial Environmental Evaluation

for

Public Disclosure Authorized Thailand AEP livestock waste management project

by

Public Disclosure Authorized AIR SAVE CO., LTD

15th flr. Italthai Tower, 2034/70-71 New Phetchaburi Rd., Bangkapi, Huaykwang, Bangkok, Thailand 10310

Tel: (662) 7234455 Fax : (662) 7234452 E-mail : [email protected] Public Disclosure Authorized

June 2008 Content

Title Page

Chapter 1 Introduction 1-1 1.1. Project History 1-1 1.2. Project Objective 1-1 1.3. Report Objective 1-1 Chapter 2 Project Location, Project Location Selection, 2-1 And Project Operation Selection 2.1. Project Location 2-1 2.2. Project Location Selection 2-1 2.3. Project Operation Selection 2-1 Chapter 3 Project Details 3-1 3.1. Biogas System 3-1 Chapter 4 Current Environment Condition and Environmental 4-1 Impacts Evaluation 4.1. Introduction 4-1 4.2. Physical Resource 4-1 4.3. Biological Resource 4-49 4.4. Human Usage Quality Impact 4-57 4.5. Life Quality 4-72 Chapter 5 Environmental Impact Prevention and Reduction 5-1 Measure And Environmental Quality Follow-up Measure

Chapter 1 Introduction

1.1. Project History Currently most of the waste from pig farm is eliminated in the open lagoon. This method is widely used in the Southeast Asia countries. By letting the waste to disintegrate in the fermented lagoon, there would be biogas namely, methane gas, released to the atmosphere. Methane gas contributes to the greenhouse effect 21 times more than CO2; therefore, releasing the biogas to the atmosphere would increase the rate for greenhouse effect or the earth temperature. One of the project objectives is to reduce the pollution from the source by focusing on the waste management system, of 10 pig farms in Ratchaburi province and Chonburi province (totaling 180,000 pigs). That is turning open lagoon into anaerobic digestion system. The biogas from the disintegration will be collected and used as energy replacement to be used in the farms without being released to the atmosphere. Such activities would reduce and solve the problem concerning the pollution within the farms such as unpleasant smell and disease carrying insect breeding. The said the operation is not in the activity that must be accompanied by the environmental impact assessment according to Thailand law. However, the Office of Natural Resource and Environmental Policy has designated the clean development mechanism for the initial environmental evaluation for the activity that is not covered by environmental impact assessment.

1.2. Project Objective (1) To be consistent with the atmosphere change by reducing greenhouse gas release, which is caused by livestock waste. (2) To assist Thailand in the improvement and demonstration of livestock waste usage consistent with the CDM project. (3) To improve and demonstrate the livestock waste and sediment management (4) To use the methane gas from pig farm. (5) To increase the number of pig farms members to participate in the global warming reduction project from the pig farm operation under the CDM project.

1-1 1.3. Report Objective The objectives of IEE preparation are as followed: - Analyzing and evaluate the current situation, social /economical condition of the project and the areas that might be impacted by the project both during the construction and operation. - Evaluate the environmental impact from the project development both during the construction and operation - Recommending the environmental impact prevention and reduction and prepare the environmental management plan for the period prior to the project construction and operation

1-2 Chapter 2 Project Location, Project Location Selection, And Project Operation Selection

2.1. Project Location There are 10 pig farms participating in this project. The farms are located in Ratchaburi province Chonburi province as shown in Fig. 2.1-1 to 2.1-3) as followed: - Jom Bueng district farms, Ratchaburi province, comprise of Maneerat Farm, Vee Thai Farm, Wanchai Farm, and Supparerk Farm. - Pak Thor district, Ratchaburi province, comprise of KOS Farm, Jung Farm, Karnjana Farm, and Karnjana Hybrid Farm. - Photharam district, Ratchaburi province, comprise of AP Farm - Koh Jan district, Chonburi province, comprise of Panat Amporn Farm

2.2. Project Location Selection There are numerous pig farms locating in Ratchaburi province. From the information from Department of Livestock, it was found that in the year 2003, there were roughly 1,174,344 pigs in the farms in Ratchaburi province or 15% of the pig population countrywide. Most of the farms in Ratchaburi province still lack the standard environmental management system resulting in environmental problems. There are also numerous pig farms in Chonburi province. In the year 2003, there are roughly 575,780 pigs in the province or 7.52% of the pig population countrywide.

2.3. Project Operation Selection 1st method: Open lagoon is the original method that was designed to be able to treat and collect the waste from the pig farms at the same time, which is the most widely used in Thailand due to its effectiveness and low cost. However, this method releases greenhouse gas to the atmosphere. 2nd method: Air Flow Lagoon is the installation of the mechanism in the pond resulting in the need for increase energy in order to yield high level of air leading to higher energy waste and cost and oxide gas level.

2-1 3rd method: Biogas System is highly effective in the treatment of the waste and also reduces the biogas being released to the atmosphere resulting in better environmental management because it is a closed system. However, biogas system cost more than other methods.

2-2

Fig. 2.1-1: Map showing the location of the project in Thailand

2-3

Fig. 2.1-2: Map showing the location of participating farms in Ratchaburi province

2-4

Fig. 2.1-3: Map showing the location of participating farms in Chonburi province

2-5

2-6 Chapter 3 Project Details

3.1. Biogas System Project biogas can be separated into 2 main parts; wastewater treatment system and electrical current system with the following details: 3.1.1. Wastewater Treatment System (1) The project will improve the farm wastewater system by the installation of fermented gutter called “Channel digester plus” including the improvement of additional treatment system in order to yield more effectiveness by using CPD technology that has been developed by the institute of energy research and development such as hydraulic retention time to reduce the size of sludge drying bed. For the detail of the farm wastewater treatment system, the project has implemented improvement as shown in Fig. 3.1.1-1 and Table 3.1.1-1 and the wastewater treatment effectiveness as shown in Fig. 3.1.1-2 with the following components: ƒ Water release gutter is for collecting wastewater and pig waste from the sty. There would be screen installed on the said gutters to block the sediment such as waste, pig hair, and other sediments prior to the water being released to the wastewater treatment system. ƒ Wastewater collection tank is the tank that adjusts the wastewater flow rate into the system with the hydraulic retention time at roughly 10 hours. ƒ Sand collection act as the blockage for the sand that may be mixed with the wastewater to prevent the accumulation in the wastewater treatment system.

(2) Channel digester plus digest the organic chemical that is floating (as shown in CDP form in Fig. 3.1.1-3). The organic substance with large molecule will be digested into smaller molecules by bacteria resulting in volatile fatty acid. The bacteria that produce methane will be used in the production of biogas, which will be collected in the fermented pond prior to being used. The sediment that has been digested will be sent to the sediment drying lot and the CDP will be sent to the wastewater treatment system for further treatment. Fig. 3.1.1-1: Project biogas flow diagram Table 3.1.1-1 Participating farms biogas system details Wastewater amount Channel digest plus Wastewater entering the system Wastewater leaving the system Farm name (meter3/day) (meter3/day) COD value (mg/l) COD value (mg/l) 1. KOS Farm 274 3044 10000 48.76 2. Wanchai Farm 506 4110 10000 26.40 3. Maneerat Farm 405 4070 10000 32.99 4. Vee Thai Farm 315 3177 10000 42.41 5. Jung Farm 545 5450 10000 24.51 6 AP Farm 270 2700 10000 49.48 7. Supparerk Farm 1445 14520 10000 9.25 8. Karnjana Hybrid Farm 780 7980 10000 17.13 9. Karnjana Farm 605 6090 10000 22.08 10. Panat Amporn Farm 224 2400 10000 59.64 Note - The percentage is calculated from COD remain from the previous unit - Due to the usage of COD value in the design: BOD-60% COD - TKN 1mg/l=COD 2.29 mg/l Each farm has different unit amount

Fig. 3.1.1-2: Project wastewater treatment system effectiveness

3-4 Fig. 3.1.1-3: Project fermented gutter diagram

(3) Post treatment treats the wastewater from the bio system in order to yield better quality. There is still minimal bioorganic remains from after the wastewater has gone through the primary treatment from CDP and ammonia and nitrogen in high value, which must be eliminated prior to being used as followed: ƒ Drying pond is used for receiving the wastewater for the CDP pond and the water from the sediment lot, which is divided into 2 parts; upper and lower. The upper part will use oxygen in the disintegration. Te oxygen created from the seaweed will turn ammonia into Nitrate, and the bottom the nitrate will turn in to nitrogen. ƒ Water plantation pond treats the wastewater that is from drying pond. The treatment mechanism would be natural elimination by using soil, plant, and organic organism. ƒ Adjustment pond is the last pond for the quality improvement.

(4) Sediment management system comprises of: ƒ Sediment pond collect the sediment during the rain or used as the tank for the grounding the sediment to reduce the amount. ƒ Sediment lot separates the moisture from the sediment. The sediment will be left for roughly 4 days to release 20% of the moisture and then the sediment will be stored for distribution. 3.1.2. Electrical Generation system (1) Biogas quality improvement unit There is still little remaining of hydrogen sulfur in the biogas from the disintegration process at CDP (<1%). If the biogas is used without eliminating the hydrogen sulfur, it would result in the machine being deteriorated and hydrogen sulfur is the main factor for acid rain when it is released into the atmosphere. Therefore, the project has installed the biogas improvement unit by using bio-filter, which used bacteria in the elimination of hydrogen sulfur with 90% effectiveness. (2) Electrical Generator The biogas that has gone through the quality improvement will be used as the energy replacement. The said gas will be used for creating heat to turn the turbine which is connected to the power generator. The participating farms have installed the electrical generator that generates 70 or 95 kilowatts (as shown in Table 3.1.2-1). (3) Burning chamber The project burning chamber burns the biogas in the emergency event that the electrical generator failed to function.

3-6 Table 3.1.2-1 Participating farms electrical generating system details Biogas production Electrical current generating Electrical current generated Farm name Biogas usage amount (Nm3/hour) (Nm3/day) system (kw) (kw/day) 1. KOS Farm 817 95 55.6 1395 2. Wanchai Farm 1504 95 55.6 2280 3. Maneerat Farm 1210 95 55.6 2067 4. Vee Thai Farm 938 95 55.6 1602 5. Jung Farm 1622 95 55.6 2280 6 AP Farm 803 95 55.6 1372 7. Supparerk Farm 4300 95 55.6 4560 8. Karnjana Hybrid Farm 2323 95 55.6 3969 9. Karnjana Farm 1799 70 and 95 55.6 and 40.7 3083 10. Panat Amporn Farm 666 70 40.7 1164 Chapter 4 Current Environment Condition and Environmental Impacts Evaluation 4.1. Introduction From this environmental impact study, which is separated into; Physical Resource, Biological Resource, Human Resource Benefit Value, and Life Quality Value, it was found that the farms that will participate in the project are located in Ratchaburi and Chonburi provinces (as shown in Fig. 4.1-1) and are located close to each other (as show in Fig. 4.1-2 and 4.1-3); therefore, the overall current environmental impact will be presented for 4 areas: (1) Farms in Ratchaburi province comprise of Maneerat Farm, Vee Thai Farm, Wanchai Farm, and Supparerk Farm. (2) Farms in Pak Thor district, Ratchaburi province comprise of KOS Farm, Jung Farm, Karnjana Farm, and Karnjana Hybrid Farm. (3) Farms in Potaram district, Ratchaburi province comprise of AP Farm. (4) Farms in Koh Jan district, Ratchaburi province comprise of Panat Amporn Farm.

4.2. Physical Resource 4.2.1. Topographical Condition

1) Current Environmental Condition Ratchaburi province has 3 prominent topographical characteristics; higher flatland found in the western border area, middle flatland found in the Mae Klong River area appropriate for growing or agriculture, and low flatland found in the end of Mae Klong River area. Chonburi province topographical characteristic comprises of mountain range almost in the middle of the province. Most of the province is flatland alternates with hills and sea flatland. The north is appropriate for agriculture. The east and south originally were flatland forest. Chonburi province has numerous seashore and beautiful beaches appropriate for tourism and relaxation such as Bang Saen and Pattaya.

4 - 1 Concerning the topographical condition of the participating farms as shown in Fig. 4.2.1-1 to 4.2.1-4 it was found that there is no farm locating on topographical landmark. Most of the farms, especially the areas in the Pak Thor and Photharam districts, are located on flatland alternated with hill 30-40 meters from the sea level. The farm in Jom Bueng District is located on the wavy level land with 2-6% steepness and the farms in Koh Jan is flatland alternated with hill.

4 - 2

4.2.2. Fig 4.1-1: Map showing topographical Condition in Amphor Jombung

4 - 3

Fig 4.2.1 - 2: Map showing topographical Condition in Amphor Pakthor

4 - 4

Fig 4.2.1 - 3: Map showing topographical Condition in Amphor Photharam

4 - 5

Fig 4.2.1 - 4: Map showing topographical Condition in Amphor Koh Chan

4 - 6

Fig 4.2.2-1: Map showing geologocal Condition in Ratchaburi province

4 - 7

Fig 4.2.2-2: Map showing geologocal Condition in Chonburi province

4 - 8 2) Impact Assessment 1. During Construction The activity that would impact the topographical condition is land filling for the construction of biological gas system. The construction would be in the area that is in the farming zone; therefore, the impact to the topographical condition during the construction is in the low level. 2. During Operation There is no activity that would impact the topographical condition during operation. Additionally, there is no landmark in the farms; therefore, there would be no impact to the topographical condition during operation.

4.2.2 Geological Condition 1) Current Condition Concerning the Geological condition for the participating farms, refer to Table 4.2.1-1 to 4.2.2-2, it was found that all participating farms are on the layered flatland comprising of rounded rock, loose rock, quartzite pebbles, quartzite rock, chert rock, slate rock, sandy soil, and granite that have been accumulated at the foot of the hills. Additionally, laterite is found in some area of the higher ground.

4 - 9 Table 4.2.1-1 Topographical, geological, and pedological condition conclusion Farms Topographical Condition Geological Condition Pedological Condition 1. KOS Farm flatland alternated with hill 30-40 rounded rock, loose rock, quartzite pebbles, quartzite Satuk variant meters from the sea level rock, chert rock, slate rock, sandy soil, and granite that have been accumulated at the foot of the hill 2. Jung Farm flatland alternated with hill 30-40 rounded rock, loose rock, quartzite pebbles, quartzite Tayang variant meters from the sea level rock, chert rock, slate rock, sandy soil, and granite that have been accumulated at the foot of the hill 3. Karnjana Farm flatland alternated with hill 30-40 rounded rock, loose rock, quartzite pebbles, quartzite Satuk variant meters from the sea level rock, chert rock, slate rock, sandy soil, and granite that have been accumulated at the foot of the hill 4. Karnjana Hybrid flatland alternated with hill 30-40 rounded rock, loose rock, quartzite pebbles, quartzite Tayang variant Farm meters from the sea level rock, chert rock, slate rock, sandy soil, and granite that have been accumulated at the foot of the hill 5. Vee Thai Farm wavy level land rounded rock, loose rock, quartzite pebbles, quartzite Yang Talat variant rock, chert rock, slate rock, sandy soil, and granite that have been accumulated at the foot of the hill

4 - 10

Table 4.2.1-1 (Cont.) Farms Topographical Condition Geological Condition Pedological Condition 6. Wanchai Farm wavy level land rounded rock, loose rock, quartzite pebbles, quartzite Sadoa variant rock, chert rock, slate rock, sandy soil, and granite that have been accumulated at the foot of the hill 7. Supparerk Farm wavy level land rounded rock, loose rock, quartzite pebbles, quartzite Sadoa variant rock, chert rock, slate rock, sandy soil, and granite that have been accumulated at the foot of the hill 8. Maneerat Farm wavy level land rounded rock, loose rock, quartzite pebbles, quartzite Satuk variant rock, chert rock, slate rock, sandy soil, and granite that have been accumulated at the foot of the hill 9. AP Farm flatland alternated with hill 30- rounded rock, loose rock, quartzite pebbles, quartzite Takhli variant 40 meters from the sea level rock, chert rock, slate rock, sandy soil, and granite that have been accumulated at the foot of the hill 10. Panat Amporn flatland alternated with hill rounded rock, loose rock, quartzite pebbles, quartzite Takhli variant Farm rock, chert rock, slate rock, sandy soil, and granite that have been accumulated at the foot of the hill

4 - 11 2) Impact Assessment Concerning geological condition for each for location, it was found that there is no source for hard to find of economical significant mineral. Additionally, there is no activity during the construction that would change the geological condition. The land adjustment for the construction of the pond only consists of 2-meter digging, which is still on the upper layer of the ground; therefore, it would not impact the geological condition whatsoever.

4.2.3. Topographical Condition 1) Current condition The consultant company has collected soil characteristic data from the soil suability survey report by the Department of Land Development and the Ministry of Agricultural and Affairs. The soil significant characteristics were separated such as color, body, structure, layer order and amount, chemical characteristic, amount and types of mineral, and the characteristic and types of the source of the soil as shown in Fig. 4.2.3-1 to 4.2.3-4 and refer to Table 4.2.1-1 with the following details: 1. Moderately mottled variant is caused by the accumulation of the sediment from the old stream on the flooded ledge. The ground is wavy with the steepness at 2-6%. This variant is the deep soil type with good water drainage and moderate absorption. The upper layer is loose rock mixed with sand and high to low acidity level. The lower layer is clay mixed with sand. 2. Mottled variant is caused by the accumulation of the sediment from the old stream on the flooded ledge. The ground is wavy with the steepness at 1-5%. This variant is the deep soil type with excellent water drainage and high absorption. The water flow on the layer is in the moderate level. The upper layer is loose sand or loose rock mixed with sand and low acidity level. The lower layer is loose clay mixed with sand and high acidity to low alkaline level. 3. Tha Yang variant is caused by the decomposition of sandy soil, deterioration of quartzite that has been stationary or filled from the hill due to gravity, and the remaining surface. The ground is flat and wavy with the steepness at 2-12%. This variant is shallow soil with good water drainage and moderate to high absorption. The upper layer is no more than 20 centimeter deep with loose soil mixed with sand or loose soil with little mixture of quartzite and moderate acidity level. The lower layer is loose soil mixed with sand or loose clay mixed with sand and high to moderate acidity level.

4 - 12

Fig. 4.2.3-1: Map of soil significant characteristics in Amphor Pakthor, Ratchaburi province

4 - 13

Fig. 4.2.3-2: Map of soil significant characteristics in Amphor Jombung, Ratchaburi province

4 - 14

Fig. 4.2.3-3: Map of soil significant characteristics in Amphor Photharam , Ratchaburi province

4 - 15

Fig. 4.2.3-3: Map of soil significant characteristics in Amphor Photharam , Ratchaburi province

4 - 16 4. Moderately deep variant (Satuk, moderately deep variant) : The depth of this variant is quite depth and almost proprerties like Satuk variant. In the lower layer at deep 50-100 m. founds iron composition 5. Ustic moisture regime variant (Sadoa) : This variant is the deep soil type with moderate water drainage and fast to moderate absorption. This varient is loose rock mixed with sandy soil. The upper layer deep lower than 20 cm. PH balance is around 5.5-6.5. The lower is loose soil mixed with sand. 6. Takhli variant: This variant is challow soil and good in water drainage. The upper layer is deep around 10-30 cm. This varient is loose rock to clay soil, sometimes mixed with little rocks. PH balance is 8.0. The lower layer is lower than 50 cm.

2) Impact Assessment 1. During Construction The ground surface must be opened for the construction of biological gas system in order to construct wastewater pond. The drilling would not be more than 2 meters deep and the ground would be impacted after the wastewater pond construction to prevent deterioration from the rain. The soil removed will be used in the farm area such as being placed surrounding water pond. The soil would not be taken out of the farm; therefore, the impact to the topographical condition would be in the low level. 2. During Operation The following positive impacts are expected during the operation: ƒ After the project operation starts, the farms would improve the wastewater collection system by using concrete gutter along with the rainwater gutter and wastewater gutter would be clearly separated to prevent wastewater and fresh pig excrement contamination from entering the ground. ƒ The treated wastewater and sediment can be used for the soil quality improvement (fermented fertilizer) because there is nutrient that is beneficial for the plant growth from the analysis of fermented fertilizer elements comprising of 13.8% water, 0.373 dry material, 0.347 nitrogen, 02.08% phosphorus, and 86.2% potassium (Vasana Manich and Kotchakorn Krongkaew, Replacing chemical fertilizer with fermented fertilizer from the biological gas pond in growing baby corn). The wastewater from the treatment and the sediment from the biological system is environmental friendlier than chemical fertilizer. However, the usage of wastewater and sediment must take other

4 - 17 factors into consideration such as the type of plant, soil characteristic, etc. in order for the wastewater and the sediment to be in proportion.

4.2.4. Weather and Air Quality 1) Current Weather Ratchaburi province location receives the wind from southwest but with Tanow Sri Mount blocking the path, the wind from India Ocean cannot fully reach the province, especially the districts that are close to the Mount e.g. Suan Phueng District, and parts of Jom Bueng District, resulting in little rainfalls. Most of the rain will be blown to Mae Klong River, Kaew Noi and Kaew Yai. Overall, the weather can be separated into 3 seasons; monsoon from May to October, clod from November to January, and summer from February to April The consultant company selected the weather data from Kanchanaburi weather station to be used as the data for Ratchaburi province weather for the period of 30 years since there is no weather station in the province; therefore, the nearest station was used. Chonburi province has a weather station locating in the middle of the province. Therefore, the data from the 3 stations was used as detailed in 4.2.4-1 to 4.2.4-3 (1971-2000) with the following details: a) Air Pressure - The average air pressure at Kanchanaburi weather station is 1,009.3 hectopascal with the highest at 1,024.0 hectopascal in December and the lowest at 998.7 hectopascal in June and the highest deviation within 1 day is at 5.8 hectopascal in March. - The average air pressure at Phetchaburi weather station is 1,009.3 hectopascal with the highest at 1,022.9 hectopascal in January and the lowest at 992.2 hectopascal in June and the highest deviation within 1 day is at 4.5 hectopascal between March and April. - The average air pressure at Chonburi weather station is 1,009.3 hectopascal and 1,009.2 hectopascal with the highest at 1,022.6 hectopascal in January and the lowest at 998.7 hectopascal in June and the highest deviation within 1 day is at 4.8 hectopascal in March. b) Temperature - The average temperature all year round at Kanchanaburi is 28.0 Co, the average each month is 24.7-31.1 Co with the highest at 38.3 Co in April and the lowest at 19 Co in December.

4 - 18 - The average temperature all year round at Phetchaburi is 27.8 Co, the average each month is 25.1-29.5 Co with the highest at 33.4 Co in April and the lowest at 20.9 Co in December. - The average temperature all year round at Chonburi is 28.1 Co, the average each month is 25.9- 29.9 Co with the highest at 34.9 Co in April and the lowest at 20.9 Co in December.

4 - 19 Table 4.2.4-1 Kanchanaburi airport weather station meteorological data during 30 years (1971-2000)

Note: No measure Source: Department of Meteorology, 2005

4 - 20 Table 4.2.4-2 Phetchaburi airport weather station meteorological data during 30 years (1971-2000)

Note: No measure Source: Department of Meteorology, 2005

4 - 21 Table 4.2.4-3 Chonburi airport weather station meteorological data during 30 years (1971-2000)

Note: No measure Source: Department of Meteorology, 2005

4 - 22 c) Moisture - The average moisture all year round at Kanchanaburi is 69%, the monthly highest average is 92% in October and the lowest average is 34% in March. - The average moisture all year round at Phetchaburi is 77%, the monthly highest average is 92% in October and the lowest average is 55% in December. - The average moisture all year round at Chonburi is 73%, the monthly highest average is 92% in October and the lowest average is 48% in January. d) Evaporation - The highest average evaporation at Kanchanaburi weather station is 215.7 mm. in April and the lowest is 122.3 mm. in October and the year round is 1,905.1 mm. - The highest average evaporation at Phetchaburi weather station is 170.3 mm. in March and the lowest is 102.1 mm. in October and the year round is 1,573.4 mm. - The highest average evaporation at Chonburi weather station is 178.8 mm. in March and the lowest is 127.6 mm. in October and the year round is 1,808.0 mm. e) Wind - The wind direction majority at Kanchanaburi weather station is from the west for the period of 6 months starting in April to September and from northeast for the period of 4 months starting from October to January and from southeast starting from February to March with the average velocity at 1.4-2.5 knots. - The wind direction majority at Phetchaburi weather station is from the south for the period of 7 months starting in February to August and from northeast for the period of 4 months starting from October to January with the average velocity at 1.0-5.8 knots. - The wind direction majority at Chonburi weather station is from the south starting in February to may and from southwest for the period of 3 months starting from June to August and from east for the period of 4 months starting from October to January with the average velocity at 2.2-3.6 knots. f) Rain - The average rain amount all year round at Kanchanaburi is 1,055.3 mm. with the average amount for one day is 109.9 mm. with the highest rain amount in September at 227.8 mm. and the

4 - 23 lowest rain amount in January at 5.2 mm. with the average highest number of rainy day in September being 18 days and lowest number of rainy day in January being 0.9 days. - The average rain amount all year round at Phetchaburi is 987.4 mm. with the average amount for one day is 100.3 mm. with the highest rain amount in October at 227.8 mm. and the lowest rain amount in January at 5.2 mm. with the average highest number of rainy day in September being 18 days and lowest number of rainy day in January being 0.9 days. - The average rain amount all year round at Chonburi is 1,298.8 mm. with the average amount for one day is 117.6 mm. with the highest rain amount in September at 281.7 mm. and the lowest rain amount in December at 4.7 mm. with the average highest number of rainy day in September being 19.6 days and lowest number of rainy day in December being 0.9 days.

2) Air Quality The consultant company has collect the air quality data in the Photharam District, Ratchaburi province industrial zone, in the year 2001-2007 (as shown in Table 4.2.4-4) to be use as the representative of the measuring station as followed: 1. Air Quality TPS value at Ban Jed Samien 1 Station (Jed Samien Hospital) is between 0.030- 2 2 0.164 mg/m , pm-10 value is between 0.016-0.119 mg/m , NOx value is between 0.0028-0.0170 2 2 ppm, SOx value is between <0.001-0.011 mg/m , CO value is between 0.13-0.57 mg/m . 2. Air Quality TPS value at Ban Jed Samien 2 Station (Wat Tuek Hiran) is between 0.023-0.153 2 2 mg/m , pm-10 value is between 0.011-0.053 mg/m , NOx value is between 0.0029-0.0170 ppm, SOx value is between <0.001-0.015 mg/m2, CO value is between 0.11-0.57 mg/m2. 3. Air Quality TPS value at Wat Bang Lan School Station is between 0.035-0.140 mg/m2, pm-10 2 value is between 0.020-0.072 mg/m , NOx value is between 0.0056-0.0220 ppm, SOx value is between <0.001-0.009 mg/m2, CO value is between 0.13-0.69 mg/m2.. From the result of the air measurement from all 3 stations between 2001-2007, it was found that the values are within the criteria according to Office of the National Environment Board 20th edition (B.E. 2538) and 24th edition (B.E. 2547) announcements.

4 - 24 Table 4.2.4-4 Ratchaburi province air quality Measured Parameter Measuring Station Measuring Period

Ban Jed Samien 1 (Jed Samien Hospital)

Ban Jed Samien 2 (Wat Tuk Hirun)

Wat Bang Lan School

Note: 1/ Air quality criteriaStandard according to Office of the National Environment Board 10th edition announcements (B.E. 2538) 2/ Air quality criteria according to Office of the National Environment Board 24th edition announcements (B.E. 2547) Source: Report of the result according to the environmental impact criteria and environmental quality inspection follow-up measures, Ratchaburi province industrial estate, 2006-2007

4 - 25 The consultant company also collected air measurement result from 3 daily measuring stations under the governance of the Department of Pollution Control, Ministry of Natural Resource and Environment (as shown in Table 4.2.4-5) to be used as representative of the measurement of the nearest areas to the project during 2005-2008 and the results can be concluded as followed:

1. Sriracha sub-district municipal sport field: SOx value is between 0.0031-0.0131 ppm, NOx value is between 0.0089-0.0128 ppm, CO value is between 0.2-1.5 ppm, and pm-10 value is between 12.7 -229.7 microgram/m2.

2. Common Education Office: SOx value is between 0.0031-0.0131 ppm, NOx value is between 0.0091-0.0156 ppm, CO value is between 0.1-0.5 ppm, and pm-10 value is between 12.8 -25.6 microgram/m2.

3. Sriracha sub-district municipal youth center: SOx value is between 0.0-0.0049 ppm, NOx value is between 0.0063-0.0130 ppm, CO value is between 0.3-0.5 ppm, and pm-10 value is between 26.1 -29.8 microgram/m2. From the result of the air measurement from all 3 stations between 2005-2008, it was found that the values are within the criteria according to Office of the National Environment Board 20th edition (B.E. 2538), 21st edition (B.E 2544), and 24th edition (B.E. 2547) announcements.

4 - 26 Table 4.2.4-5 Chonburi province air quality Measured Parameter Measuring Station Year

Sriracha sub- district municipal sport field

Common Education Office, Mueang district

Sriracha sub- district municipal youth center

Standard Note: 1/ Air quality criteria according to Office of the National Environment Board 10th edition announcements (B.E. 2538) concerning the designation of air quality in the general atmosphere 2/ Air quality criteria according to Office of the National Environment Board 21st edition announcements (B.E. 2544) concerning the designation of air quality in the general atmosphere within 1 hour 3/ Air quality criteria according to Office of the National Environment Board 24th edition announcements (B.E. 2547) concerning the designation of air quality in the general atmosphere Source: Department of Pollution Control measurement data dated May 26th 1981-2008

(1) During Construction There are 2 air pollution sources during construction; dust from construction and air pollution from the construction machines, with the following details: * Dust from construction activities is mainly from the ground preparation process such as land adjustment and soil grounding. Such dust dispersion may be caused by different factors such as the

4 - 27 activity type or size, soil element, soil moisture, wind velocity, contraction period, etc. However, the dust from construction may be larger than 10-20 microns and able to easily fall and the dispersion is limited and would only occur during construction. * Dust from construction material is another source of dust dispersion. The project has designated and control the contractor to spray water at the construction site and the route used for material and equipment transportation along with limiting the speed for traffics entering and exiting the construction site and cover for the truck to prevent the material from falling and the dispersion of dust, which may cause the route to be dirty. If the contractors strictly comply with the criteria, the air quality impact is expected to be in the low level.

(2) During Operation The operation would have the following positive impacts: • The operation would help reduce unpleasant smell caused by waste or wastewater from the pig breeding because of the treatment system. The other sediments that have gone through treatment would no longer possess any unpleasant smell. • Additionally, the project is also able to reduce Methane release. Methane is a cause for greenhouse effects. It was found that 1 ton of methane is equal to 21 tons of carbon dioxide. The project will reuse the used methane for the electrical production to be used in the project; therefore, the project operation is expected to positively impact the air quality.

However this project uses methane in gas engine to produce electricity. The air emission exhaust must blow out like car exhaust. Major composition of air emissions are soot (TSP), carbonmonoxide and sulferdioxide (SO2) . The information from Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors (AP-42) Fifth Edition, Volume I Chapter 12, January 1995 is CNG engine produce soot 9.91x10-3 pond per million BTU, Carbonmonoxide 5.88x10-4 pond per million BTU or soot concentration is 13.29 mg. per m3 Carbonmonoxide is 0.79 mg. per m3 or o.3 ppm. The emission standard of Ministry of Industry in 2007 is contaminant quantity from electricity plant from biomass must control SO2 concentration to lower than 60 ppm and soot lower than 120 mg. 3 per m . The result is air emission such as soot and SO2 from this project is much lower than standand, then emission from this project less effect to surrounding environment.

4 - 28 4.2.5. Noise Level (1) General Noise Level The consultant company has collected general noise level measurements in Ratchaburi province and Chonburi province from different agencies, which can be concluded as followed: • From the result of general noise level measurement in the year 2003 by Department of Pollution Control at Maintenance Center Station 1 (Mueang district), it was found that the general noise level is between 5.18-70.0 dB (A), which is within the criteria according to the Office of the National Environment Board 15th edition announcements. • Additionally, the consultant company has also collected the noise level measure at 3 stations in the communities surrounding Ratchaburi province industrial estate in Photharam district (as shown in Table 4.2.5-1) and it was found to be between 53-61.8 dB (A), which is also within the criteria according to the Office of the National Environment Board 15th edition announcements.

Table 4.2.5-1 Photharam district communities noise level measurement result between the year 2006-2007 Measuring Station Leq-24hr [dB(A)] 1. Ban Jed Samien 2 (Wat Tuek Hiran) 53.8-61.1 2. Ban Traytong 55.8-61.8 3. Ban Pryklong 53.0-56.5 Standard* 70.0 Note: * Office of the National Environment Board 15th edition announcements Source: Report of environmental impact reduction criteria compliance and environmental quality inspection measure by Ratchaburi province industrial estate, 2007 • From the 3 Department of Pollution Control noise measuring stations in Ratchaburi province (as shown in Table 4.2.5-2), it was found that the general noise level is between 45.7-83.3 dB (A), which is sometimes over the criteria.

(2) Noise Impact Assessment 1) During Construction The noise impact assessment during the construction is the assessment of general impact from the noise increase. The sources for noise can be the machines; backhoe, mixer, and bulldozer, with

4 - 29 the noise levels (10 meters from the machine) are 85, 81, and 80 dB (A) respectively (as shown in Table 4.2.5-3).

Table 4.2.5-2 Chonburi district communities noise level measurement result between the year 2006-2007 Leq-24hr [dB(A)] Measuring Station 2003 2004 2005 1. Lamechabung sub-district municipal, Sriracha 57.0-69.5 49.3-67.3 45.7-73.3 district 2. Sriracha sub-district municipal youth center 58.8-68.4 57.9-70.3 57.6-66.1 3. Common Education Office, Mueang district - - 56.0-83.3 Standard* 70.0 Note: * Office of the National Environment Board 15th edition announcement Source: Department of Pollution Control, Ministry of Natural Resource and Environment.

Table 4.2.5-3 Noise level form the construction machine Noise Level (dB(A) Machine Source 10 m 15 m 30 m 35 m 50 m 100 m 150 m Backhoe 88 85 81.5 75.4 74 71 65 61.5 Mixer 87 81 75 69 67 66 63 61 Bulldozer 86 80 74 68 66 65 62 60 The machine noise level can be used in the calculation of the noise level that impact the sensitive are by using formula (1).

Lp2 = Lp1-20 log R1/R2 ------(1)

By Lp2 = the desired noise level at distance R2 (decibels)

Lp1 = the desired noise level from the source R1 (decibels)

R1, R2 = the distance between the source and the areas with the desire noise level (meter)

4 - 30 The result of the noise level calculation by using formula (1), if the project controlled the noise level at the fence line to be not over 70 dB (A), then the location of the Backhoe, Mixer, and Bulldozer should be roughly 90 meters from the fence. When the values are used in the calculation, it would be as followed:

Lp2 backhoe = 85-20 log 90/10 = 65.9 dB (A)

Lp2 mixer = 81-20 log 90/10 = 61.9 dB (A)

Lp2 bulldozer = 80-20 log 90/10 = 60.9 dB (A)

When the noise level from the construction activity is totaled by using the following formula (2):

Total leq =

The total noise level from the construction machines that are 90 meters from the project fence after the calculation is roughly 68.2 dB (A), which is within the criteria according to Office of the National Environment Board 15th edition announcement concerning the general noise criteria (not over 70 dB (A)).

2) During Operation The noise source during operation is the power generator that uses biological gas as the fuel in the electricity production with the basic noise level at 92.5 dB (A) (1 meter from the machine). Each farm will install 1 or 2 power generator and the project will also control the noise level to not be over 70 dB (A) at the fence; therefore, the power generator must be installed no less than 15 meters from the fence. When the noise level is measured from the nearest surrounding communities when there is no noise reduction equipment or surrounding walls, it was found that the noise level from the project would decrease according to the distance to be between 29.0-52.5 dB (A) (as shown in Table 4.2.5-4). If the project designated the noise level from project operation to not be over 70 dB (A) at the fence, the power generator should be installed roughly 15 meters from the fence. However, the project has designed the power generator installation to be within walled structure with most of the wall would be made of concrete and from Technical Noise Supplement, 1998 in Approximate Transmission Loss Values for Common Material, it was found that such walls

4 - 31 provide transmission loss at 18-40 dB (A) resulting in the noise level from the project being decreased according to the distance to be roughly 11.0-34.5 dB (A) (noise level from the project decreased according to the distance as shown in Fig. 4.2.5-1 to 4.2.5-8). Therefore, the noise impact during operation is in the low level.

4 - 32 Ban Khao Chang

Ban Khao Than School Legend

Ban Khao Than DB (A) DB (A) DB (A) DB (A) KOS Farm

Ban Huay Fak

Ban Huay Yang Ton School

Ban Huay Yang Ton

Fig. 4.2.5.1: Noise dispersion from KOS Farm to Ban Khoa Than

4 - 33 Wat Prai Sasadao

Wat Prai Sasadao

Ban Don Rae Legend

DB (A) Ban Nong Hoi DB (A) Ban Nong Tabtao DB (A) DB (A)

Jung Farm Ban Huay Fak

Wat Phothisat

Fig. 4.2.5.2: Noise dispersion from Jung Farm to Ban Nong Tabtao

4 - 34 Ban Talad Kwai

Legend Ban Nong Kham DB (A) Ban Nong Kanak DB (A) DB (A) DB (A) Ban Nong Kanak School DB (A) Wanchai Farm Supparerk Farm Maneerat Farm

Fig. 4.2.5.3: Noise dispersion from Wanchai Farm, Supparerk Farm, and Maneerat Farm to surrounding communities

4 - 35

Ban Talad Kwai

Ban Nong Yai Phraw Legend

Ban Nong Kanak DB (A)

Vee Tai Farm Ban Nong Kanak School

Nong Yai Phraw School

Fig. 4.2.5.4: Noise dispersion from Vee Thai Farm to Ban Nong Kanak

4 - 36 Ban Nong Makha Ban Chad Wua Non

Legend Ban Nong Yai Peng DB (A) DB (A) DB (A) DB (A) Ban Nong Pho DB (A) DB (A) DB (A) DB (A) AP Farm Ban Khao Por Daeng Ban Plu Lung Ban Nong Prue

Fig. 4.2.5.5: Noise dispersion from AP Farm to Ban Nong Yai Peng

4 - 37 Ban Mon Thong

Ban Nong Wua Dam

Legend

Wat Noen Thong DB (A) DB (A) Ban Noen Thong Karnjana Hybrid Farm

Fig. 4.2.5.6: Noise dispersion from Karnjana Hybrid Farm to Ban Noen Thong

4 - 38 Wat Huay Yang Ton

Ban Huay Yang Ton Ban Phu Maduea

Legend

DB (A) DB (A) DB (A) DB (A) Ban Prong Krtai DB (A) DB (A) DB (A) DB (A) Ban Nong Langka AP Farm

Ban Nong Langka School Ban Hua Khao Jeen

Fig. 4.2.5.7: Noise dispersion from Karnjana Farm to Ban Nong Langka

4 - 39 Ban Khong Pradoo Ban Khong Pradoo chool

Legend Ban Nong Hua Chang DB (A) DB (A) DB (A) DB (A) DB (A) DB (A) DB (A) DB (A) Ban Nong Kalak Panunumporn Farm Ban Koh Jan

Fig. 4.2.5.8: Noise dispersion from Panat Amporn Farm to Ban Nong Hua Chang

4 - 40 Table 4.2.5-4 General noise level impact to communities Project Location Noise Level Farm Name Name of impacted community During During District Province Construction Operation KOS Farm Pak Thor Ratchaburi Ban Khoa Than 600 meters 32.6 36.9 Jung Farm Pak Thor Ratchaburi Ban Nong Tabtao 600 meters 32.6 36.9 Wanchai Farm Jom Bueng Ratchaburi Ban Nong Kanak 1,000 meters 28.2 32.5 Maneerat Farm Jom Bueng Ratchaburi Ban Nong Kham 1,000 meters 28.2 32.5 Vee Thai Farm Jom Bueng Ratchaburi Ban Nong Kanak 100 meters 48.2 52.5 Supparerk Farm Jom Bueng Ratchaburi Ban Nong Kanak 600 meters 28.2 34.4 AP Farm Photharam Ratchaburi Ban Nong Yai Peng 200 meters 42.3 46.5 Karnjana Hybrid Photharam Ratchaburi Ban Noen Thong 200 meters 42.3 46.5 Farm Photharam Ratchaburi Ban Nong Langka 700 meters 31.3 35.6 Karnjana Farm Koh Jan Chonburi Ban Nong Hua Chang 1,500 meters 24.7 29.0 Panat Amporn Farm Note: 2 sets of power generators installation32.6

4.2.6. Ground Water Quality (1) Water Quality The significant ground water source in Ratchaburi province and Chonburi province, which are the locations for the participating farm, are Mae Klong River that flows through Ratchaburi province and Klong Tam Ru that flows through Chonburi province. Both rivers are large and important as the water sources for usage and consumption for the communities. From the sample collected from all over the country by the Department of Pollution Control for quality testing, it can be concluded that the water quality from Mae Klong River and Klong Pan Thong during January 2007 and 2008 are is as followed: 1) Mae Klong River Mae Klong River is a Klong that flows through Ratchaburi province totaling 140 kilometers long with the average temperature at 28.73 Co, acidity-alkaline average value at 7.97, turbidity average value to 36.44 NTU, electricity lead average value at 2,683.61 μs/sa, saltiness average value at 0.76 ppt, oxygen solvent average value at 4.67 mg-l, BOD average value at 1.82

4 - 41 mg/l, total coliform at 56,564.72 MPN/100 ml, fecal coliform 6,409 MPN/100 ml, NO3-N at 0.21 mg/l, TDS average value at 847.21mg/l, Cd 0.27 mg/l, Cr 1.04 mg/l, and Mn at 0.05 mg/l. From the average water quality value analysis of collected sample from 36 stations along the river, it was found that the water sample quality from 28 stations (77.78%) is in the good level and from 8 stations (22.22%) is in the satisfactory level. 2) Klong Tam Ru Klong Tam Ru flows through Chonburi province nearest to the participating farms with the

BOD values is in between 4.8-11.2 mg/l, oxygen solvent value is in between 3.2-7.6 mg-l, NO3-N is in between 0.2-31.1 mg/l, MH3-N is in between 3.09-4.37 mg/l, and acidity-alkaline average value is in between 6.8-7.7.

(2) Impact Assessment 1) During Construction The construction for the project is the construction for the installation of collection system for wastewater and biological gas from the existing pig farm. The construction activities are for the pond digging and concrete work. The wastewater from the toilets for roughly 40 construction workers would yield roughly 16 liter3/day. For the management of this waster water, contractors are designated to arrange for mobile toilets with the waste collection tank at the bottom and when the tanks are full, sub-district administration organizations or municipals would be contacted to dispose of the waste; therefore, the impact to the water quality is in the low level. Another cause for the water quality impact would be the rain water flowing through the construction site washing the soil and sand to public water source resulting in the rising river bed and cloudiness of the water source. However, all participating farms would be instructed to construct water rails surround the farms in order to prevent waste water from flowing to and depositing sediments into the water source. Therefore, the impact to the water quality is in the low level.

2) During Operation The operation would improve water treatment and use the biological gas for electricity production, which assist in the Greenhouse gas reduction. Therefore, the project operation improves the water quality, which is considered a positive impact. However, if the project details that have the potential to improve the water quality were considered, it was found that the project

4 - 42 wastewater collection was design to be concrete gutter and the fermented gutter would also be coated with waterproof material to prevent the wastewater from getting into ground water source. The wastewater from the fermented gutter will be released to collection pond prior to being released to each farm wastewater treatment pond for treatment according to the pig farm type A standard as designated by the Ministry of Natural Resource and Environment announcement B.E. 2548 requiring the acidity-alkaline value to be less than 5.5-9.0, BOD value not over 60 mg/l, COD value no over 300 mg/l, flooding sediment not over 50 mg/l, and TKN nitrogen not over 120 mg/l; therefore the wastewater that has gone through fermented gutter with the COD value at 1,500 mg/j must be released to each farm wastewater treatment pond to be treated according to the designated standard. Wastewater from pig farms that does not meet the standard may impact the natural water source causing the water to be putrefied or epidemic. From the data from the Department of Live Stocks, it was found that wastewater from pig farms can be used for many activities such as guppy breeding, growing rice, corn, sugarcane, tapioca, and oil plum. For using the wastewater, each farm must arrange for wastewater pond and the wastewater usage area as shown in Table 4.2.6-1. From the information, it is believed that wastewater from pig farms can be used for numerous activates depending on each farm agricultural activities. The details can be found in “Pig Farm Environmental Management Manual” by Department of Live Stocks. Therefore, if each pig farm considers wastewater usage, the water quality impact would be reduced because the proportion and the demand for wastewater usage must be considered. However, if the pig farm does not wish to use the wastewater that has been treated according to the standard, the wastewater can be released into the public water source. From the participating farms inspection, it was found that the treated wastewater is not directly released into public water source but it will be used for agricultural activities.

4 - 43 Table 4.2.6-1 Sample of wastewater usage and area required for 10,000 pigs Wastewater Usage Area Usage Area Demand 1. guppy breeding Wastewater pond (var2) 3,500 Guppy breeding pond (rai) 4 2. growing rice Wastewater pond (var2) 6,000 Rice farm (rai) 1,500 3. growing corn Wastewater pond (var2) 3,000 Corn farm (rai) 1,250 4. growing sugarcane Wastewater pond (var2) 15,000 Sugarcane farm (rai) 750 5. growing tapioca Wastewater pond (var2) 20,000 Tapioca farm (rai) 1,000 6. growing oil plum Wastewater pond (var2) 10,000 Oil plum farm (rai) 700 Source: Department of Live Stock, 2008

4.2.7. Underground Water Quality From the Department of Underground Water information collected from the underground water sample in the participating farms, it can be concluded as followed (Table 4.2.7-1): - Underground in Jom Bueng district, Ratchaburi province has the depth of 1.8-24.59 meters with the iron value in between 0.14-3.90 mg/l, chloride in between 9-150 mg/l, total hardness in between 57-352 mg/l, and all solvents in between 337-919 mg/l. - Underground in Mueang district, Ratchaburi province has the depth of 6-39.90 meters with the iron value in between 0.2-1.6 mg/l, chloride in between 6-28 mg/l, total hardness in between 88-505 mg/l, and all solvents in between 177-808 mg/l. - Underground in Pak Thor district, Ratchaburi province has the depth of 1-30 meters with the iron value in between 0.06-9.80 mg/l, chloride in between 11-110 mg/l, total hardness in between 43-200 mg/l, and all solvents in between 315-406 mg/l. - Underground in Koh Chan district, Chonburi province has the depth of 5-10 meters with the iron value in between 0.7-7.7 mg/l, chloride in between 18-25 mg/l, total hardness in between 43- 200 mg/l, and all solvents in between 315-406 mg/l.

4 - 44 From the primary data, it was found that the majority of the water quality is in the underground water for consumption standard designated by Ministry of Industry 12th edition (B.E. 2542) except the iron value in some areas are quite high. Additionally, if the underground water depth was consider (Fig. 4.2.7-1 to 4.2.7-3), it was found that there are differences depending on the topographical conditions and the bedrocks.

4 - 45 Table 4.2.7-1 Underground Water Dept and Water Quality 1. Jom Bueng district, Ratchaburi province Dept (meter) Iron (mg/l) Chloride (mg/l)/l Total hardness (mg/l) All solvents (mg/l) 1.1 Wat Ban Rang Bua 24.59 0.14 40.00 227.00 864.00 1.2 Wat Ban Nong Bua Khai 5.10 2.90 9.00 352.00 352.00 1.3 Wat Ban Nong Nok Karien 1.80 1.80 42.00 198.00 337.00 1.4 Jom Bueng Village Rajabhat University 2.00 1.30 94.00 190.00 337.00 1.5 Wat Ban Rang Muang 3.30 - - - - 1.6 Wat Ban Talad Kwai 16.50 0.27 150.00 250.00 513.00 1.7 Ban Nong Lang School 16.50 3.90 18.00 57.00 919.00 1.8 Ban Nong Kanak 13.00 - - - - 1.9 Wat Nong Krathum 3.20 - - - - 1.10 Ban Nong Kanak School 7.10 - - - - 1.11 Talad Kwai school 5.00 0.48 150.00 450 735 2. Mueang district, Ratchaburi province 2.1 Wat Nam Phu 12.00 1.60 28 505 808 2.2 Wat Manee Mongkol 6.00 - - - - 2.3 Ban Nang Praew monastery 39.90 1.10 6 88 177 2.4 Wat Ban Nong Krathum 13.52 0.70 19 390 462 2.5 Wat Ban Thung Noi 14.00 0.20 25 220 326

4 - 46 Table 4.2.7-1 (Cont.) Underground Water Location Dept (meter) Iron (mg/l) Chloride (mg/l)/l Total hardness (mg/l) All solvents (mg/l) 3. Pak Thor district, Ratchaburi province 3.1 Wat Ban Huay Yang Ton 1.34 0.14 11 48 283 3.2 Wat Pho Sri 2.69 0.52 68 382 509 3.3 Ban Khao Chang School 3.50 2.10 24 53 184 3.4 Ban Isan School 3.75 9.80 28 239 392 3.5 Ban Khao Hua Jeen 4.68 0.18 21 342 411 3.6 Ban Nong Langka 12.00 2.10 - - - 3.7 Wat Pho Sadao 1.00 0.22 14 53 96 3.8 Wat Santikaram 2.00 0.34 15 110 176 3.9 Ban Prai Sadao School 5.00 1.70 110 210 365 3.10 Don Sai School 2.20 - - - - 3.11 Wat Wua Manow 2.90 - - - - 3.12 Ban Nong Namjai School 15.00 - - - - 3.13 Wat Khao Than 2.40 - - - - 3.14 Ban Nong Wua Dam 3.70 - - - - 3.15 Noen Thong monastery 15.00 0.12 10 140 488 3.16 Khao Mon Thong monastery 5.00 0.50 18 160 242 3.17 Wat Ketpanya Prachasan 30.00 0.06 32 110 402

4 - 47 Table 4.2.7-1(Cont.) Underground Water Location Dept (meter) Iron (mg/l) Chloride (mg/l)/l Total hardness (mg/l) All solvents (mg/l) 4. Koh Jan sub-district, Chonburi province 4.1 Ban Nong Pangporn 5.00 - - - - 4.2 Ban Khao Nom Nang 10.00 0.70 25 43 383 4.3 Ban Nong Chum Hed 12.00 1.40 20 200 315 4.4 Ban Koh Jan School 6.00 7.70 18 120 406 4.5 Ban Koh Wang Prong 9.00 - - - - 4.6 Ban Mai 6.00 - - - - Consumption Underground Water Standard - 1.0 600 500 1,200 Source: Department of underground water, 2008

4 - 48 (2) Underground Water Impact Assessment 1) During Construction The source for underground water impact would be wastewater from construction worker toilet. The project has designated contractors to arrange for mobile toilet with attached septic tank instead of using underground tank; therefore, the impact is in the low level.

2) During Operation The wastewater from the pig farm will be treated according to the standard along with the biological gas would be used. The waste ponds are lined with concrete to prevent wastewater leakage to the underground water. The sediment will be sent to sediment lot to dry and be reused; therefore, all activities have preventive measures against wastewater getting into underground water. From the information from soil absorption of septic, it was found that the gravity would result in all sediments falling to the bottom creating soil pore clogging with the chance for horizontal permeability 60 more time than vertical permeability. From such information, it can be forecasted that there is a minimal chance for the wastewater to be absorbed. When the participating farms underground water levels are examined, it was found to be between 1-40 meters from the surface whole the pond depth is no more than 2 meters. Additionally, the coliform that is absorbed for 10 meters can be reduced by 90% (characteristic of soil fifty centimeters deep after passing with domestic wastewater in horizontal direction). From the consideration of the safe distance from the dirt source, which is designated to be no loss than 30 meters (Preda Yeamjareansre), the distance from each participating farms wastewater pond is 30 meters, which is the safe distance.

4.3. Biological Resource 4.3.1. Forestry Resource (1) Ratchaburi province forestry resource There are a total of 1,983 km2 or 1,239,236 rais of forest area in Ratchaburi province or 38.16% all area. Since the land characteristic is high hill, the forest area is plentiful. There are 7 preservation forest areas (Fig. 4.3.1-1) covering 1,818.2 km2 or 1,136,381.3 rais (as shown in Table 4.3.1-1). The forest is a rain forest and savanna forest with mostly middle size tress the forest area is not dense with lots of bamboo. In dry season, the tree would shed leaves and there is a forest fire every year. The important variety such as tactona grandis Linn, Pterocapus macrocarpus Kurz, Xylia kerrii Neilsen, Diospyros malbarica Kostel, Lrvingia malayana, Syzygiym cummini Skeels,

4 - 49 Afzelia xylocarpa Craib, Garuga pinnate Roxb, Lagerstroemia calyculata Kurz, Schleichera eleosa Merr, and different types of bamboo.

4 - 50

AP Farm

Scale Km Photharam District Legend Jom Bueng District Puyang-Pusarmchone Maneerat Farm Supparerk Farm Vee Thai Farm Wanchai Farm Parchee River Pak Thor District Sumsarm Karnjana Hybrid Farm KOS Farm Jung Farm Kho Takong Karnjana Farm Nong Langka Dan Tubtako Rubber tree Kho Krowe-Kho Plong

Ngong Klarng Nean

Fig. 4.3.1-1: Ratchaburi province forest area

4 - 51 From the study of the map showing national preservation forest locations that are near participating farms in Pak Thor District, Jom Bueng District, and Photharam District, Ratchaburi province, it was found that there nearby national preservation forests, which are: 1) Dan Tab Tako Rubber tree forest is in Jom Bueng district with the area of 42,662.5 rais separated to Sor Por Kor areas with the area of 34,763 rais and preserved forest area of 7,899.5 rais. 2) Khao Bin forest is in Jom Bueng and Mueang Ratchaburi districts with the area of 21,250 rais. 3) Phu Yang-Phu Sam Som forest is in Pak Thor district with the area of 87,656.25 rais separated to Sor Por Kor areas with the area of 29,875 rais and preserved forest area of 57,781.25 rais. 4) Left side Pha Chee River forest is in Pak Thor, Jom Bueng, Suan Phueng, districts and Ban Car sub-district with the area of 997,250 rais separated to Sor Por Kor areas with the area of 254,039 rais and preserved forest area of 442,167.25 rais, which was turned into Thai Prajan National Park and Pha Chee River Wildlife Sanctuary.

(2) Chonburi province forestry resource There are a total of 1,453 km2 or 908,125 rais of forest area in Chonburi province (as shown in Fig. 4.3.1-1 and Table 4.3.1.-2) or 33.3% all area. The forest is a dry and wet rain forest, savanna forest, and mangrove forest. The important variety such as Pterocapus macrocarpus Kurz, Xylia kerrii Neilsen, Afzelia xylocarpa Craib, Lrvingia malayana, Avicennia albe Br., Rizophora candelaria DC., Rizophora mucronata Lamk., Sonneratia caseolaris Engl.

Table 4.3.1-1 Preservation forest in Ratchaburi province National preservation forest name District Area (rai) 1. Khao Kruad – Khao Plong Forest Mueang Ratchaburi 4,788 2. Dan Tab Tako Rubber Tree Forest Jom Bueng 42,663 3. Khao Bin Forest Jom Bueng, Mueang Ratchaburi 21,250 4. Phu Yang - Phu Sam Som Forest Pak Thor 87,656 5. Sam Sam Forest Ban Pong 2,625 6. Nong Klang Noen Forest Mueang Ratchaburi, 150 7. Left side Pha Chee River Forest Pak Thor, Jom Bueng, Suan Phueng, 977,250 Ban Kha sub-district Total 1,136,381

4 - 52 Table 4.3.1-2 Preservation forest in Chonburi province National preservation forest name District Area (rai) 1. Bang Lamung Bang Lamung, Sattaheep 103,000 2. Khao Khiew Sriracha, Ban Bueng, Mueang Chonburi 56,000 3. Tha Bunmee/Bor Thong Panat Nikhom, Bor Thong, Koh Jan 171,000 4. Klong Ta Kein Bor Thong 379,000 5. Dang/Chumchon Klang Nong Yai, Ban Bueng 161,000 6. Khao Chompoo Ban Bueng, Sriracha 29,000 7. Khao Pru Mueang Chonburi, Sriracha 5,500 8. Khao Hin Dad/Khao Phai Ban Bueng 2,125 9. Ruea Taek Ban Bueng, Sriracha 1,500 Total 908,125

4 - 53 Panat Amporn Farm

Koh Jan district

Scale Legend km

Klong Ta Kien (Tha Bunmee/Bor Thong)

Khao Reua Taek

Khao Chompoo

Daeng/Chumchon Klang

Tha Bunmee/Bor Thong

Bang Lamung

Khao Khiew

Kho Hin Dad

Khao Pru

Fig. 4.3.1-2: Chonburi province forest area

4 - 54 The study of the map showing the location of preservation forests that are near the participating farms in Koh Jan district, Chonburi province, it is found that the preservation nearby forests are Tom Bun Mee forest and Bor Tong forest in the Panasnicom, Koh Jan, and Bor Tong districts with the area of roughly 171,000 rais. The forest is deteriorated leaving only parts of the forest remaining. There was a royal degree designating Sre Sealiem sub-district, Houe Tanon sub- district, Nong Bre sub-district, Nong Heang sub-district, Koh Jan sub-district, and Kasetsuwan sub- district to be the land revolution zone for the farmers that lack agricultural land, or have too little land to live on, or must rent land from others to work.

(3) Ratchaburi Province Forest Resource Since Ratchaburi province is hilly, the forest is plentiful and it is the same forest as the Kang Kajarn in Phetchaburi province, which is the home to numerous wildlife such as elephant, bull, goral, deer, barking deer, tiger, monkey, langur, gibbon, reptile, and bird. For the safety and preservation of wildlife along with preserving the stream and tree, it has become wildlife sanctuary comprising of Pha Chee River Wildlife Sanctuary, Bat Cave Wildlife Hunting Prohibition area, Tham Rakang and Tham Phra Non Wildlife Hunting Prohibition, Khao Pratab Chang Wildlife Hunting Prohibition area, and Khao Pratab Chang Reserch and Breeding Station. Wildlife sanctuaries are near participating farms in Pak Thor district, Jom Bueng district, and Photharam district, Ratchaburi province are: 1) Pha Chee River Wildlife Sanctuary is located in Suan Phueng sub-district, Pa Wai sub-district, Ban Beung sub-district, Suan Phueng district. There are numerous reserved wildlife such as Tapir and barking deer, which is mostly found in the lower area of the Wildlife Sanctuary. Gorals are found in the high hill areas in the Wildlife Sanctuary such as Khao Pu Nam Ron, Khao Jarunee and Khao Lam Bua Thong. The wildlife found that are bull, bear, red bull., which is in the lower area of Wildlife Sanctuary. Tiger, barking deer, deer, and other small animal are found all over the area. 2) Khao Pratab Chang Wildlife Hunting Prohibition area is located at Huay Ana, Tanow Sri sub- district, Suan Phueng district, which is the area within the Pha Chee River Wildlife Sanctuary, with the area of roughly 1,000 rais and used for the study of nature. Within the station, there are mammal such barking deer, porcupine, anteater, civet, squall, chipmunk. The birds found are Burmese Red Junglefowl, pheasant, and numerous other types of birds. 3) Bat Cave Wildlife Hunting Prohibition area is a cave in Kho Chong Pry located in Wat Kho Chong Pran, Touephone sub-district, Photharam district with the area roughly 77 rais. The wildlife

4 - 55 found is different types of bats and there are different types of birds living on the mountain such as black drango, Indian roller, barbet, etc.

(4) Chonburi province Forest Resource There is only little plentiful forest left in Chonburi province due to the invasion of agricultural works resulting in the quick reduction of wildlife. The remaining is living in the national preservation forest. The wildlife found is barking deer, deer, langur, boar, rabbit, mouse deer, langur, anteater, porcupine, fowl, and birds. The area is made into preservation land comprising of Khao Khiew and Khao Chompoo Preservation Forest, Bang Phra Wildlife Hunting Prohibition area, and Khao See Own Wildlife Hunting Prohibition area. The participating farms are located in Koh Jan district. Even though there are preservation forests located in the area; however, the area is designated for land revolution to be distributed to farmer to work on; therefore, there is no hard to find wildlife. There are only small animal that can be seen anywhere such as squirrel, chipmunk, mouse, snake, and local birds.

(5) Biological Resource Impacts 1) During Construction Part of the natural plants that have grown in the area must be removed during the land preparation phrase. However, the construction will be within the farm area resulting in the removed not being hard to find or almost extinct type of pant. Additionally, the construction does not require much area. The impact is in the low level. The wastewater and waste from the construction will be managed according to the environmental principal prior to being released outside resulting the impact being in the low level.

2) During Operation The project operation results in numerous positive impacts such as the wastewater from the farm would be treated prior to being released outside, biological gas will be collected and reused, waste will be managed correctly resulting in the environment being improved. Therefore, the project operation would results in positive impacts indirectly.

4 - 56 4.4. Human Usage Quality Impact 4.4.1. Land Usage 1) Overall City Plan Overall City Plan is the requirement from Ministry of Interior to control land usage in the area specified in the plan to be used as the guideline for the improvement and maintenance of the town and related area concerning asset usage, transportation, public utility, public service, and environment. When the land usage allocation and requirement, it was found that pig breeding can be done in the area with little residence to the area for commercial purpose and high residential density, and agricultural land usage. The consultant company has reviewed and examined the city plan that is being used with the following results:

1. Ratchaburi province: The new city plan for Pak Thor, Jom Bueng, and Photharam Districts is being announced to replace the old city plans that have expired. The project operation of all participating farms is outside of the city plan and inside the designated agricultural area; therefore, it is not in violation of the city plan. 2. Chonburi province: In Koh Jan district, there is a survey and designation of plan parameter to prepare Tar Bunmee community and Koh Jan community city plan, which has not been enforced. The project operation of all participating farms is outside of the city plan and inside the designated agricultural area; therefore, it is not in violation of the future city plan.

2) Surrounding Land Usage The consultant company has prepared the land usage map for the areas surrounding the participating farms by using satellite photographs and the map from Military Mapping Department showing the 3 kilometer radius from the project to cover the activities. The distribution result indicated that 89.9-97.9% of the land usage is for agriculture (as shown in Fig. 4.4.1-1 to 4.4.1-7).

3) Land Usage Impact Assessment 1) During Construction The land must be adjusted and build the structure according to the work plan. The construction is limited to the current farms and there is no revision of the current usage. The project is located outside the city and the community plan. All participating farms location

4 - 57 conditions are in the countryside that is agricultural area and little residency. Therefore, there is no impact to the surrounding land usage.

2) During Operation After the project operation started, the land usage within the farm will be improved and such improvement would not directly impact the surrounding land usage. The byproduct from the operation will be used in the soil improvement and production of fermented fertilizer to be used for agricultural work in the area. This can be said to be indirect positive impact.

4.4.2. Water Release and Flood Control 1) Water Release Most of the studied area both in Ratchaburi province and Chonburi province is countryside; therefore, the community water release system is not quire organized. When the topographical condition is considered, it was found that the area is located in a flat land and the water release in community is a natural system such as water being released to public water source and part of the water is absorbed in to the ground. From the interview with the locals, it was found that there has never been any problem with flooding.

2) Impact Assessment 1) During Construction The rainwater in the construction site will be collected into the constructed temporary gutters to prevent the rainwater that wash the dirt or construction material from getting into the water source by enrooting the rainwater to the collection pond. Therefore, the impact to water release and flood control is in the low level.

2) During Operation The project has designed the rainwater release system to be clearly separated from the wastewater collection system to prevent rainwater from mixing with the wastewater in the gutter and dispersing into the ground. Therefore, the impact to water release is in the low level.

4 - 58 Scale km Legend Street. Community Water source Agriculture Livestock Jung Farm

Fig. 4.3.1-2: Land usage surrounding Jung Farm

4 - 59 Scale km Legend

Street. Community Water source Governmental office Agriculture Livestock Maneerat Farm Supparerk Farm Vee Thai Farm Wanchai Farm

Fig. 4.3.1-3: Land usage surrounding Maneerat Farm, Supparerk Farm, Vee Thai Farm, and Wanchai Farm

4 - 60 Scale km Legend

Street. Community Water source Agriculture Livestock Karnjana Nong Langka Farm

Fig. 4.3.1-4: Land usage surrounding KOS Farm

4 - 61 Scale km Legend

Street. Community Water source Agriculture Livestock AP Farm

Fig. 4.3.1-5: Land usage surrounding AP Farm

4 - 62 Scale km Legend Street.

Community

Water source

Agriculture

Livestock

Government Office

Karnjana Hybrid Farm

Fig. 4.3.1-6: Land usage surrounding Karnjana Hybrid Farm

4 - 63 Scale km Legend

Street.

Community

Water source

Agriculture

Livestock

Panat Amporn Farm

Fig. 4.3.1-7: Land usage surrounding Panat Amporn Farm

4 - 64 4.4.3. Transportation (1) Route and Traffic amount The transportation route entering the project can be separated depending on the project areas as followed: - Pak Thor district, Ratchaburi province: Since the location of each project is in the nearby area, the route is the same that is the provincial highway no. 3206 (Pak Thor-Tha Yang). From the data collection prepared by Safety Facilitation Office, Department of Highway of the traffic on the highway at 0+600 kilometer mark during 2007, it was found that the average traffic is in the amount of 9,442 vehicles per day with the following proportion; small truck at 36.13%, motorcycle and Tuk Tuk, and ten-wheeler at 26.87% and 15.20% respectively (as shown in Table 4.4.3-1). - Jom Bueng district, Ratchaburi province: The provincial highway no. 3087 (Ratchaburi-Jom Bueng alternate) can be used and it was found that the average traffic is in the amount of 7,421 vehicles per day with the following proportion; small truck at 37.27%, over 7-passenger vehicle and under 7-passenger vehicle at 17.92% and 17.33% respectively (as shown in Table 4.4.3-2). - Photharam district, Ratchaburi province: The study of the traffic amount used the provincial highway no. 3357 traffic amount statistics (Nong Tak Ya-Khao Kwang) at the 24+400 kilometer mark, it was found that the average traffic is in the amount of 4,364 vehicles per day with the following proportion; small truck at 42.64%, motorcycle and Tuk Tuk, and six-wheeler at 25.82% and 8.87% respectively (as shown in Table 4.4.3-3).

4 - 65 Table 4.4.3-1 Traffic volume on provincial highway no. 3206 (Pak Thor-Tha Yang) at 0+600 kilometer mark during 2007 Amount of Type of Vehicle PCE Vehicle* PCU/Day PCU/Hour Per day % 1. Under 7-passenger vehicle 1 541 5.73 541 46 2. Over 7-passenger vehicle 1 359 3.80 359 30 3. Small passenger vehicle 1.5 28 0.30 42 4 4. Medium passenger vehicle 1.5 32 0.34 48 4 5. Large passenger vehicle 2.1 4 0.04 9 1 6. Small truck (4-wheeler) 1.5 3,411 36.13 5,117 427 7. Six-wheeler 2.1 239 2.53 502 42 8. Ten-wheeler 2.5 1,435 15.20 3,588 299 9. Trailer (more than 3 axle) 2.5 606 6.42 1,515 127 10. Semi-trailer (more than 3 axle) 2.5 200 2.12 500 42 11. Bicycle and tricycle 0.25 50 0.53 13 2 12. motorcycle and Tuk Tuk 0.33 2,537 26.87 838 70 Total 9,422 100 13,072 1,094 V/C Ratio 0.55 Note: * Information from Safety Facilitation Office, Department of Highway, 2008

4 - 66 Table 4.4.3-2 Traffic volume on provincial highway no. 3087 (Ratchaburi-Jom Bueng alternate) at 16+286 kilometer mark during 2007 Amount of Vehicle* Type of Vehicle PCE PCU/Day PCU/Hour Per day % Under 7-passenger 1. 1 1,286 17.33 1,286 108 vehicle 2. Over 7-passenger vehicle 1 1,330 17.92 1,330 111 3. Small passenger vehicle 1.5 237 3.19 356 30 Medium passenger 4. 1.5 40 0.54 60 5 vehicle 5. Large passenger vehicle 2.1 104 1.40 219 19 6. Small truck (4-wheeler) 1.5 2,766 37.27 4,149 346 7. Six-wheeler 2.1 202 2.72 425 36 8. Ten-wheeler 2.5 218 2.94 545 46 Trailer (more than 3 2.5 9. 92 1.24 230 20 axle) Semi-trailer (more than 3 2.5 10. 20 0.27 50 5 axle) 11. Bicycle and tricycle 0.25 6 0.08 2 1 12. motorcycle and Tuk Tuk 0.33 1,120 15.09 370 31 Total 7,421 100 9,022 758 V/C Ratio 0.38 Note: * Information from Safety Facilitation Office, Department of Highway, 2008

4 - 67 Table 4.4.3-3 Traffic volume on provincial highway no. 3357(Nong Tak Ya-Khao Kwang) at 24+400 kilometer mark during 2007 Amount of Vehicle* Type of Vehicle PCE PCU/Day PCU/Hour Per day % Under 7-passenger 1. 1 308 7.06 308 26 vehicle 2. Over 7-passenger vehicle 1 185 4.24 185 16 3. Small passenger vehicle 1.5 14 0.32 21 2 Medium passenger 4. 1.5 3 0.07 5 1 vehicle 5. Large passenger vehicle 2.1 4 0.09 9 1 6. Small truck (4-wheeler) 1.5 1,861 42.64 2,792 233 7. Six-wheeler 2.1 387 8.87 813 68 8. Ten-wheeler 2.5 371 8.50 928 78 Trailer (more than 3 2.5 9. 95 2.18 238 20 axle) Semi-trailer (more than 3 2.5 10. 4 0.09 10 1 axle) 11. Bicycle and tricycle 0.25 5 0.11 2 1 12. motorcycle and Tuk Tuk 0.33 1,127 25.82 372 31 Total 4,364 100 5,683 478 V/C Ratio 0.24 Note: * Information from Safety Facilitation Office, Department of Highway, 2008

4 - 68 - Koh Jan district, Chonburi province: The study of the traffic amount used the provincial highay no. 3341 traffic amount statistics (Koh Phoe-Prok Fa community intersection) at the 2+000 kilometer mark, it was found that the average traffic is in the amount of 5,126 vehicles per day with the following proportion; motorcycle and Tuk Tuk at 36.34%, under 7-passenger vehicle and over 7-passenger vehicle at 23.06% and 15.57% respectively (as shown in Table 4.4.3-4).

(2) Transportation Traffic Impact 1) During Construction There would be traffic for construction material transportation at roughly 10 times per day or 1 PCU/hr (designating the working hours to be 12 hours) resulting the following changes on the highways: - The ability to handle traffic for highway 3206 (Pak Thor-Tha Yang) is 0.55. When compared with the standard (as shown in Table 4.4.3-5), it was found that the traffic conditions is satisfactory. - The ability to handle traffic for highway 3087 (Ratchaburi-Jom Bueng alternate) is 0.38. When compared with the standard (as shown in Table 4.4.3-5), it was found that the traffic conditions is good. - The ability to handle traffic for highway 3357 (Nong Tak Ya-Khao Kwang) is 0.24. When compared with the standard (as shown in Table 4.4.3-5), it was found that the traffic conditions is very good. - The ability to handle traffic for highway 3341 (Koh Phoe-Prok Fa community intersection) is 0.20. When compared with the standard (as shown in Table 4.4.3-5), it was found that the traffic conditions is very good. However, the project construction would only last 5 months; therefore, the impact to transportation would only temporary. Therefore, the impact during the construction process to transportation is in the low level.

4 - 69 Table 4.4.3-4 Traffic volume on provincial highway no. 3341 (Koh Phoe-Prok Fa community intersection) at 2+000 kilometer mark during 2007 Amount of Vehicle* Type of Vehicle PCE PCU/Day PCU/Hour Per day % Under 7-passenger 1. 1 1,182 23.06 1,182 99 vehicle 2. Over 7-passenger vehicle 1 798 15.57 798 67 3. Small passenger vehicle 1.5 113 2.20 170 15 Medium passenger 4. 1.5 27 0.53 41 4 vehicle 5. Large passenger vehicle 2.1 73 1.42 154 13 6. Small truck (4-wheeler) 1.5 777 15.16 1,166 98 7. Six-wheeler 2.1 124 2.42 261 22 8. Ten-wheeler 2.5 104 2.03 260 22 Trailer (more than 3 2.5 9. 18 0.35 45 4 axle) Semi-trailer (more than 3 2.5 10. 9 0.18 23 2 axle) 11. Bicycle and tricycle 0.25 38 0.74 10 1 12. motorcycle and Tuk Tuk 0.33 1,863 36.34 615 52 Total 5,126 100 4,725 399 V/C Ratio 0.20 Note: * Information from Safety Facilitation Office, Department of Highway, 2008

4 - 70 Table 4.4.3-5 Traffic volume value proportion assessment Condition assessed Traffic volume Very dense 0.88-1.00 Dense 0.67-0.88 Satisfactory 0.52-0.67 Good 0.36-0.52 Very good 0.20-0.36 Source: Phaophong Nitjanphanpheng, Highway Engineer, Engineering Technology Taves Vittayaket Ratchamankla Institute

2) During Operation After the start of the project operation, there will be no change in the traffic condition since the project does not require raw material or chemical from outside. The majority of the traffics for the project operation would be for food, medication, equipment, and pig transference. It is expected to have truck and personal vehicle entering and leaving the project roughly 12 times per day.

4.4.4 Waste Management (1) During Construction The constructors must kepp and selects all waste to destroy outside project location. Wastes during construction phase separate to 2 parts. The first is by worker consume. The constructors must provide waste bin for enough workers. Another part is waste from construction activities such as steel, wood and concreteness etc. This waste will recycle in project site or sell out. In this phase is low impact.

(2) During Operation Wastes from operation phase is sludge from waste water treatment. The operator have to drain sludge outside system after start the operation for 40 days and After that must drains everyday. All sludge must keep in covered area to rain protection. However sludges from livestocks can improve soil quality because it have many soil nutrients.

4 - 71 4.5. Life Quality 4.5.1 Economic and Social Condition (1) Economic and Social Structure Characteristics 1) Pak Thor district Ratchaburi province comprises of 774.64 km2. The regional administration is divided in to 12 sub-districts and 86 villages. The local administration is divided in to 11 sub- district administration organizations and 1 municipal. The total population is 61,154 persons with 29,990 males and 31,164 females. There are the totals of 17,508 families. ‚ Occupation: The main occupation is agriculture e.g. rice farming, tapioca farming, corn farming, sugarcane farming, fruit gardening, and livestock. Some are in trading and industrial factory workers ‚ Education: There are altogether 57 educational institutes comprising of 52 primary educational level institutes, 3 common educational level institutes, 1 private common educational level institute, and 1 vocational educational level institute. ‚ Religion: The majority of the population is Buddhist. There are 46 temples and 15 monasteries. ‚ Public Health: there is one 60-bed hospital, 1 district public health center, and 18 sub-district health centers. 2) Jom Bueng district Ratchaburi province comprises of 864.86 km2. The regional administration is divided in to 6 sub-districts and 91 villages. The local administration is divided in to 6 sub- district administration organizations and 2 municipal. The total population is 51,261 persons with 25,564 males and 25,697 females. There are the totals of 14,020 families. ‚ Occupation: The main occupation is agriculture e.g. rice farming, tapioca farming, corn farming, sugarcane farming, fruit gardening, and livestock. Some are in trading in the city area and industrial factory workers ‚ Education: There are altogether 45 educational institutes comprising of 40 primary educational level institutes, 2 common educational level institutes, 2 vocational educational level institutes, and 1 university educational level institute. ‚ Religion: The majority of the population is Buddhist. There are 34 temples and 4 monasteries, and 3 catholic churches. ‚ Public Health: there is one 60-bed hospital, 1 district public health center, and 13 sub-district health centers.

4 - 72 3) Photharam district Ratchaburi province comprises of 392.1 km2. The regional administration is divided in to 19 sub-districts and 122 villages. The local administration is divided in to 13 sub- district administration organizations and 6 municipal. The total population is 76,238 persons with 36,983 males and 39,255 females. There are the totals of 21,943 families. ‚ Occupation: The main occupation is agriculture e.g. rice farming, tapioca farming, corn farming, sugarcane farming, fruit gardening, fishery, and livestock. Some are in trading and general employment. ‚ Education: There are altogether 98 educational institutes comprising of 58 primary educational level institutes, 4 common educational level institutes, 6 private common educational level institutes, and 2 vocational educational level institutes. ‚ Religion: The majority of the population is Buddhist. There are 68 temples and 5 monasteries. ‚ Public Health: there is one 340-bed hospital, one 30-bed hospital, 1 district public health center, and 20 sub-district health centers. 4) Koh Jan district Chonburi province comprises of 248.85 km2. The regional administration is divided in to 2 sub-districts and 26 villages. The local administration is divided in to 2 sub-district administration organizations and 2 municipal. The total population is 33,606 persons with 17,498 males and 16,108 females. There are the totals of 8,144 families. ‚ Occupation: The main occupation is agriculture e.g. rice farming, tapioca farming, corn farming, fruit gardening, and livestock. Some are in trading and general employment. ‚ Education: There are altogether 5 educational institutes comprising of 4 primary educational level institutes, 1 common educational level institutes. ‚ Religion: The majority of the population is Buddhist. There are 13 temples and 5 monasteries, and 2 mosques. ‚ Public Health: there is 4 district public health center.

(2) Surrounding Communities 1) Pak Thor district farm area covers 4 sub-districts; Wang Manow sub-district, Huay Yang Ton sub-district, Don Sai sub-district, and Thung Luang sub-district. The farms surrounding communities are: a. Wang Manow sub-district Village no. 7, Ban Manee Loy, Wang Manow sub-district b. Huay Yang Ton sub-district

4 - 73 Village No. 2 Ban Huay Yang Ton Village No. 3 Ban Nong Langka c. Don Sai sub-district Village No. 5 Ban Khoa Than d. Thung Luang sub-district Village No. 11 Ban Nong Wua Dam 2) Jom Bueng district farm area covers 2 sub-districts; Jom Bueng sub-district and Nam Pru sub- district. The farms surrounding communities are: a. Jom Bueng sub-district Village No. 2 Talad Kwai Village No. 6 Ban Nong Ka Nark b. Nam Pru sub-district Village No. 6 Ban Nong Nang Praew 3) Photharam district farm area covers 2 sub-districts; Khao Cha Ngum sub-district and Tao Poon sub-district. The farms surrounding communities are: a. Khao Cha Ngum sub-district Village No. 8 Ban Nong Ma Kha Village No. 9 Ban Plu Rung b. Tao Poon sub-district Village No. 6 Ban Khao Rab 4) Koh Jan district farm area covers 1 sub-district; Koh Jan sub-district. The farms surrounding communities are: a. Koh Jan sub-district Village No. 10 Ban Nong Manow Village No. 13 Ban Nong Hoo Chang

(3) Project Details Disclosure Meeting Principal and Reason Clean Development Mechanism participating farms must be informed of the detail concerning the project operation along with accepting the opinions and recommendations toward the project operation in order to improve the project effectiveness according to the designated

4 - 74 requirements in the Kyoto Protocol including being consistent with the human rights according to the Thai Constitution B.E. 2550 concerning the participating in monitoring, protecting, promoting, and preserving the environment. Therefore, the Department of Livestock, World Bank, and Advance Energy Plus Co., Ltd. have jointly arranged for the meeting to accept opinions from the stakeholders concerning the project operation on February 19th 2008 at the Provincial Livestock Office conference room, Ratchaburi province. The documentation detailing the project operation and the opinion is in the attachment.

Objective The followings are the objectives of the meeting to accept opinions from the stakeholders concerning the project operation: (a) presenting the greenhouse effect condition and the necessity in the CDM project implementation (b) presenting the details of the project operation leading to the CDM project implementation (c) presenting the details of the impacts and preventive measures for the project operation (d) accepting opinions and recommendation from the stakeholders concerning the project operation

Target Group The project has designated the target group comprising of stockholders and has prepared an invitation to the meeting for details presentation and opinion acceptance. The target group comprised 22 representatives from: (e) Communities/villages that are located near the project e.g. Ban Pru Rung village no 9 leader and pig farmers (f) Central and local government agencies e.g. Ratchaburi provincial agricultural promotion office, Department of Livestock, Pak Thor District Office, Ratchaburi Provincial Livestock Office, Greenhouse Gas Administration Organizations, and Thung Luang Municipal Office. (g) Independent agencies and educational institutes e.g. Thailand Environmental institute and Ban Khao Tham School. (h) Representative of middle to small size pig farm operators e.g. Karnjana Farm, Vee Thai Farm, Supparerk Farm, KOS Farm.

4 - 75 Meeting Conclusion and Opinion From the meeting for details presentation and opinion acceptance from the stakeholders concerning the project operation, the question, opinion, and recommendations can be concluded as followed: (i) the demand for the community to participate in the project (j) the demand for increase in the project public relation because of the positive impact and the project is being support by governmental agencies (k) the project operator should be conscious of the environmental quality impact (l) there should be committee to consider as to which community would be impacted the most in order to designate appropriate measure

(4) Life Quality Impacts Assessment 1) During Construction (a) Local Economy Impact The project construction result in increase employment due to the local labor demand for the period of roughly 5 months. It is deemed providing a chance for local labor and the income will be distributed to the community. Therefore, the local impact would be positive. (b) Environmental Problem and Annoyance There may be annoyance such as dust, noise, and construction material transporting truck from the project construction; however, the impact would only be temporally for the period of 5 months and the surrounding communities are not dense. Additionally, the project has implemented preventive and impact reduction measures. Therefore, environmental problem and annoyance is in a low level.

2) During Operation (a) Environmental Problem and Annoyance Environmental impact from the operation would be minimal since the project use the waste for electrical production, which would reduce pollution from the pig farm such as unpleasant smell and wastewater. Additionally, the project operation would reduce the amount of fly carrying disease. Therefore, environmental problem and annoyance is in a very low level.

4 - 76 (b) Village Development Reserve Fund After the project operation starts, besides receiving the benefit from the environmental management, the project also arranged to have community benefit plan, which is using the profit sharing from carbon credit sales for the establishment for different projects to improve community life quality. The project has selected village no. 10, Koh Jan district, to be the model community. The criteria for the selection are the average income per person and local public utilities. The activities for village no. 10, Koh Jan district, are installation of streetlights, drinking water source procurement, scholarship procurement, purchasing mosquito sprays, community union development, and sufficient economy promotion.

4.5.2 Public Health 1) Public Health Service There are both public and private healthcare centers in Ratchaburi province divided into 12 state hospitals, 9 private hospitals, 162 health centers, 3 community public health centers. The health care personnel are 252 physicians, 46 dentists, 1,691 nurses, 88 pharmacists, 546 public health staffs. From the information of participating farms population for the year 2007 colleted from Photharam district health centers e.g. Tao Poon health center (Ban Khao Rab) and Khao Cha Ngum health center (Ban Khao Som); Pak Thor district e.g. Thung Luang health center (Ban Nong Wua Dam), Don Sai health center (Ban Don Sai, Huay Yang Ton health center (Ban Huay Yang Ton), and Wang Manow health center (Ban Manee Loy), the often found diseases are breathing system, abnormalities from clinical examination, skin disease, and death and illness from other causes. From the information based on the number of people entering Koh Jan district, Chonburi province health centers for treatment e.g. Koh Jan health center 1 (Ban Nong Chum Hed), Koh Jan health center 2 (Ban Prok Far), Tha Mud Mee health center 1 (Ban Koh Phoe), and Tha Mud Mee health center 2 (Ban Sam Yaek), the often found diseases are breathing system, abnormalities from clinical examination, skin disease, and death and illness from other causes (as shown in Table 4.4.2-1).

4 - 77 2) Public Health Impact Assessment 1) During Construction The main impact to health would mainly affect the construction worker would be caused by dust, noise, occupational sanitary and work safety. The mentioned impact can be prevented by implementing a good management system and sufficient amount of safety equipment. Additionally, such impact would only be for a short period on time; therefore, the impact is in a low level.

2) During Operation The project operation would positively impact the health of the surrounding area from the problem with unpleasant smell, fly, and pig sty wastewater. The project has implement better management system by using biological gas system.

4 - 78 Table 4.5.2-1 The amount of times health treatment were provided Classified by the disease and health center location, 2007 Ratchaburi province health centers Chonburi province health centers Thung Don Sai Huay Yang Wang Tao Poon Khao Cha Koh Jan Koh Jan Tha Bun Tha Bun The main disease found Luang health Ton health Manow health Ngum health health center health center Mee health Mee health health center center health center center center 1 2 center 1 center 2 center 1. Blood circulation system 809 637 1,238 424 313 481 33 637 356 63 2. Breathing system 1,863 2,110 1,863 1,196 1,477 1,676 1,290 1,638 936 942 3. Digestive system and mouth cavity 395 1,013 230 416 437 371 204 447 683 165 4. Skin 380 2,096 270 534 146 246 48 106 95 65 5. Muscle structure and tendon 388 607 637 277 420 138 349 388 232 193 6. abnormalities from clinical examination 821 562 2,071 85 1,898 863 572 800 681 632 7. death and illness from other causes 691 275 2,601 700 645 393 1,870 1,886 1,834 1,120 Source; Ratchaburi provincial and Chonburi provincial health centers, 2007

4 - 79

4 - 80 Chapter 5 Environmental Impact Prevention and Reduction Measure And Environmental Quality Follow-up Measure

The consultant company has proposed the environmental impact prevention and reduction measures for both during the construction and operation. The environmental quality follow-up measures were also proposed to be used as the guideline for the follow-up of changes in the environmental quality and for the inspection of environmental impact prevention and reduction measure effectiveness. The details of the measures are shown in the tables.

5 - 1 Environmental management plan Potential impact Mitigation measures Implement schedule Responsibility for Responsibility for Monitoring indicator supervisor implementation 1. General operation – test biological gas system prior to the operation starts Prior to the operation DLD AEP - – offer trainings concerning equipment usage, Whole operation period DLD AEP - maintenance, data recording for biological gas system and electric production system - inspect and maintain biological gas system equipment, Whole operation period DLD AEP - machine, pipe, and wastewater gutter to always be in a good and ready to use condition 2. Air quality 2.1. During construction - Complete land preparation as soon as possible During land adjustment Farm owner Contractor - - dust from land adjustment - Spray water in the construction areas where there is During land adjustment Farm owner Contractor - - dust from transportation spreading of dust - Wash truck's wheel before leaving construction area to Whole construction period Farm owner Contractor - prevent sand and soil spill on the roads - Limit the speed not exceed 30 km/hr for all vehicles in the Whole construction period Farm owner Contractor - construction area - Cover the construction materials on trucks to prevent sand Whole construction period Farm owner Contractor - and soil falling - Control and maintain equipments/machines of biogas Whole construction period Farm owner Contractor - system as per designing documents - Prohibit the destruction of construction material by burning Whole construction period Farm owner Contractor - to maintain low air quality impact

5 - 2 Environmental management plan(Cont.) Potential impact Mitigation measures Implement schedule Responsibility for Responsibility for Monitoring indicator supervisor implementation 2.2 During Operation - Prohibit the destruction of construction material by burning Whole operation period Farm owner Contractor - to maintain low air quality impact - Always inspect the plastic cover and its holdings to be in good condition. It damage were found, immediately Whole operation period DLD AEP - proceed with the repair

3 Noise 3.1. During construction - Stop loud construction activity at night (19:00-07:00 hrs) Whole construction period Farm owner Contractor - - Noise from construction machine - Arrange to have sufficient amount of ear protection such Whole construction period Farm owner Contractor - as ear plug, ear muff for the construction workers that perform duties with loud noise. - Inspect the equipment/machine used in the construction Whole construction period Farm owner Contractor - according to the maintenance manual to reduce the noise level from the equipment/machine - Install the power generator within the walled structure in Whole operation period AEP Farm owner - 3.2 . During operation order to reduce the noise from impacting the surrounding communities - Inspect and maintain the equipment/machine to be in Whole operation period AEP Contractor - good condition in order to reduce the noise level

5 - 3 Environmental management plan(Cont.) Potential impact Mitigation measures Implement schedule Responsibility for Responsibility for Monitoring indicator supervisor implementation 4. Ground water quality - arrange to have sufficient number of mobile toilets for the Whole construction period Farm owner Contractor - 4.1 During construction construction workers - wastewater from construction that - installation of temporary gutters in the construction site Whole construction period Farm owner Contractor - may be contaminated and observed to collect rainwater in the sediment pond prior releasing by the ground the clear water from the upper part to the public water source - the sand and construction material storage must be at Whole construction period Farm owner Contractor - least 50 meters away from public water source - examine the water quality of the water source near Once prior construction AEP Farm owner Measuring parameters; pH, participating farms as often as possible prior to the BOD, NOD, TKN, DO, SS, operation in 3 areas; prior to flowing through the nitrite, nitrogen, Phosphate, participating farms, while flowing through the total coliform bacteria, fecal participating farms, and after flowing through the coliform bacteria. participating farms 4.2. During operation - inspect the leakage and crack in the pond and piping Whole operation period AEP Farm owner - - wastewater from pig farm will be - measure the water quality before and after the Twice a year AEP DLD/Farm owner Measuring parameters; pH, treated according to the standard construction BOD, CODt, SS,VSS, TNK, prior to being released to the ground * Collection tank total P, fecal coliform bacteria * Effluent pond Twice a year AEP Farm owner Measuring parameters; pH, BOD, CODt, CODf, SS, TNK, total P, fecal coliform bacteria

5 - 4 Environmental management plan(Cont.) Potential impact Mitigation measures Implement schedule Responsibility for Responsibility for Monitoring indicator supervisor implementation - inspect the treated wastewater in the polishing pond Twice a year AEP Farm owner measuring parameter; pH, area BOD, CODt, SS, TNK measuring parameters; pH, - The 3 areas; prior to flowing through the participating Once prior to construction AEP Farm owner BOD, NOD, TKN, DO, SS, farms, while flowing through the participating farms, nitrite, nitrogen, Phosphate, and after flowing through the participating farms total coliform bacteria, fecal coliform bacteria. 5. Underground water quality 5.1. Prior to the start of the operation - Check the underground water quality in the Once prior to the construction AEP Farm owner measuring parameters; pH, monitoring well BOD, NOD, TKN, DO, SS, nitrite, Phosphate, total coliform bacteria, fecal coliform bacteria and salmonera - Coating the wastewater treatment pond with During AEP Farm owner - waterproof material to prevent the wastewater from getting into underground water source

5 - 5 Environmental management plan(Cont.) Potential impact Mitigation measures Implement schedule Responsibility for Responsibility for Monitoring indicator supervisor implementation 5.2. During operation - Check the underground water quality in the monitoring Once prior to the construction AEP Farm owner measuring parameters; pH, well BOD, COD, TKN, DO, nitrate, nitrite, Phosphate, total coliform bacteria, fecal coliform bacteria and salmonera 6. Waste 6.1. During construction - Arrange to have sufficient amount of enclosed garbage Whole construction period Farm owner Contractor - - If construction worker waster were container distributed in the construction site not correctly managed, there may be - Designated the contractor to separate recyclable Whole construction period Farm owner Contractor - public health problem garbage such as wood, steel, paper to be sold to the buyer - Issue rules to prohibit the construction worker from Whole construction period Farm owner Contractor - disposing garbage into the gutter or nearby water source - Remove the garbage the 1st time 40 days from the date Whole operation period DLD AEP - the operation starts and everyday afterward

5 - 6 - Designate sediment removal from wastewater treatment Whole operation period AEP Farm owner - system in the roofed area to prevent rainwater from washing down the dirt Whole operation period DLD AEP - - Consider the usage of sediment from wastewater

treatment system

- Make sure that there is no waste or wood chips flowing Twice a year with the wastewater into the wastewater treatment DLD Farm owner Measuring parameter: SS system to prevent blockage and VSS Examine the sediment quality from channel digester plus 7. Transportation 7.1. During construction - Designate the truck driver to strictly comply with the law Whole construction period Farm owner Contractor - - the traffic volume entering the farm such as limiting the speed limit and weight would increase from the material and - Control the carrying weight to not be over the worker transportation designation by law 8. water release and flood prevention - installation of temporary gutters in the construction site Whole construction period Farm owner Contractor - 8.1. During construction to collect rainwater in the sediment pond prior releasing - the rain may wash the construction the clear water from the upper part to the public water material in to the water source source 8.2. During operation - installation of temporary gutters in the construction site Whole construction period AEP Contractor - to collect rainwater in the sediment pond prior releasing the clear water from the upper part to the public water source

5 - 7 Environmental management plan(Cont.) Potential impact Mitigation measures Implement schedule Responsibility for Responsibility for Monitoring indicator supervisor implementation 9.. Economy and social condition 9.1. During construction - Foreign labor that move in the area - implement worker residential rule by designating strict Whole construction period Farm owner Contractor - to work may cause problem punishment if there were any conflict with local labor or noncompliance

9.2. During operation - Community benefit plan, which is using the profit sharing from carbon credit sales for the establishment for different projects to improve community life quality such as installation of streetlights, drinking water source procurement, scholarship procurement. 10. Public health 10.1 During construction - Procurement of drinking clean water source, sanitized Whole construction period Farm owner Contractor - - foreign labor may carry infectious toilet, and garbage both in the construction site and disease to the local worker residential area - Take care of sanitation system in the worker residential Whole construction period Farm owner Contractor - area

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