IBM Quantum: an Introduction

IBM Quantum: An Introduction

https://ibm.com/quantum-computing https://qiskit.org

Better financial models to New classes of antibiotics to improve stability, predictability counter the emergence of and growth of world economies multidrug-resistant bacterial strains Why quantum?

Problems we can’t address adequately today

Problems we Problems we can address today can address with quantum

Despite how sophisticated digital computing has become, there are many scientific and business problems for which we’ve barely scratched the surface.

Simulating Quantum Systems Artificial Intelligence Optimization / Monte Carlo

Quantum chemistry Better model training Portfolio optimization Material science Pattern recognition Risk analysis High energy physics Fraud detection Loans & credit scoring Monte Carlo-like applications

Computer: 1944 Quantum Computer: 2019

Moore’s law Quantum Volume: The New Moore’s Law

16 15 104 14 13 12 3 11 10 10 9 8 102 7 “ Montreal ”(QV 128)

6 Quantum Volume “ Montreal ”(QV 64) 5 4 “Johannesburg “ of the number of computations per integrated function

2 101 3 “ Tokyo ” Log

2 “ Tenerife ” 1 1959 1961 1963 1965 1967 1969 1971 1973 1975 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028

IBM Quantum System One (Released)

A quantum bit or qubit is a A quantum circuit is a set of controllable quantum object quantum gate operations on qubits that is the unit of information and is the unit of computation

Quantum Simulations Linear Systems (Ax = b) Quantum Walks

Physics Network analysis Graph properties (network flows, electrical resistance) Chemistry Differential equations Search Materials discovery Option pricing, heat transfer Collision finding 11 Classification (Machine Learning) What will it take to make quantum computing a practical part of an industry-relevant workflow?

Quality Capacity Variety

How well are circuits How many circuits What kind of circuits implemented in can run on quantum can be implemented quantum systems? systems? in quantum systems?

Low operation errors mean large Seamless synchronization of quantum Dynamical integration of quantum Quantum Volume for larger circuits to and classical circuits increase the rate and classical operations reduce the run effectively at which circuits can run computational overhead for quantum advantage.

2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026+

Enterprise Use case exploration Workflow integration Clients Problem mapping Application development Skills building Skills building

Quantum model services

Model Natural Sciences Finance developers Optimization Machine Learning Qiskit application modules

Algorithm Natural Sciences Finance Prebuilt quantum Prebuilt quantum + HPC developers runtimes runtimes Optimization Machine Learning

Kernel Circuits Qiskit Dynamic circuits Circuit libraries Advanced control systems developers Runtime

Quantum Falcon Hummingbird Eagle Osprey Condor Beyond systems 27 qubits 65 qubits 127 qubits 433 qubits 1121 qubits 1K - 1M+ qubits

IBM Cloud Circuits Programs Models Key take-aways

To take full advantage of IBM Quantum’s increasingly powerful hardware, we are announcing a detailed Development Roadmap through 2025.

We are implementing this industry-defining roadmap through:

The Qiskit Runtime to run quantum applications 100x faster on the IBM Cloud,

Dynamic circuits to bring real-time classical computing to quantum circuits, improving accuracy and reducing required resources, and

Qiskit application modules to lay the foundation for quantum model services and frictionless quantum workflows.

For decades we’ve been simplifying nature into 1s and 0s because that was the only way we could manage to create a useful and scalable system of computation.

But the future isn’t just 1s and 0s.

Educate and Train Accelerate Research Develop Applications

Over 300,000 users have… Run over 700 Billion quantum circuits 1.4 Billion quantum circuits per day using total 34 quantum computers deployed up top date More than 140 Clients and Partners Collaborating on 30+ applications Over 300 contributors to Qiskit Over 400 scientific papers so far

IBM Quantum / © 2021 IBM Corporation 18 New battery materials Our Model Manufacturing optimization Benchmarking Algorithm Families Electronic materials Transaction classification Advance the technology and Quantum Simulation Compilers and transpilers practical implementation of Linear Systems applications and algorithms. Product recommendation Quantum Walks Fraud detection

User Types Random Number Generation Chemical observable prediction Application Developers Build a cloud platform for Logistics and routing optimization application development Algorithm Developers and deployment in industry. Financial transaction settlement Kernel Developers Portfolio optimization Variational optimization/factoring Classical control hardware Risk analysis and options pricing IBM Quantum / © 2021 IBM Corporation Material degradation 19 A Snapshot of Global Collaboration in the IBM Quantum Network

IBM Quantum Keio University JPMorgan Chase Qiskit

Publishes Advance method, Applies the Contributed algorithm paper publishes with method to code into open on Amplitude Mizuho and options pricing source Qiskit for Estimation. MUFG. and publishes. all to use.

Zurich, Tokyo, New York, Global Switzerland Japan USA

IBM Quantum / © 2021 IBM Corporation 20 IBM Quantum Network Today Total: 140 members worldwide Oak Ridge National Lab Toyota 1QBit CSIC Spain Johns Hopkins Opacity Tradeteq A*Quantum CU Boulder JoS Quantum Pacific Northwest Labs U. Automata Madrid Aalto University Daimler JP Morgan Chase & Co. Paypal U. Basque Country Accenture Delta JSR Corp Phasecraft U. Chicago Agnostiq Deloitte KAIST Princeton U. Georgia AIQTech DIC Keio University ProteinQure U. Illinois AIS Duke Keysight Purdue U. Innsbruck Aliro EDX.org Lockheed Martin Q-CTRL U. Melbourne Amgen Entropica Los Alamos National Laboratory QC Ware U. Minho Anthem EPFL MaxKelsen Qu&Co U. Montpellier Apply Science Equal1 MDR QuantFi U. New Mexico Archer ETH Zurich Miraex Quantum Benchmark U. Oxford Argonne Lab ExxonMobil MIT Quantum Machines U. Sherbrooke Barclays Fermilab Mitsubishi Chemical Quemix U. Stony Brook BEIT Flight Profiler Mizuho Qunasys U. Tennessee Berkeley Lab Florida State Molecular Forecaster Rahko U. Turku Boeing Fraunhofer MUFG Saarland University U. Waterloo Boston University GE Research Multiverse Samsung University of Tokyo Boxcat General Atomics Munich Hub at U. Bundeswehr Sandia National Lab US Air Force Research Lab BP Georgia Tech National Taiwan University SoftwareQ US Naval Research Lab National U. Singapore SolidStateAI Virginia Tech Brookhaven Lab Goldman Sachs NC State University Sony Wells Fargo CERN Grid Netramark Stanford Wits Chalmers University Harvard New Mexico State University Strangeworks Woodside Energy CMC Hitachi Nordic Quantum SuMiTB Xanadu CMU-SEI Iberian Nanotech Lab Northwestern Super.tech Yokogawa Cornell III Taiwan Notre Dame SVA Zapata CQC ITRI NYU Toshiba Zurich Instruments IBM Quantum Network Partnership Structures

University

Industry Researcher Company University University Startup ISV Partner Professor Industry National Company Hub Lab IBM

IBM IBM

Hubs Industry Ecosystem Regional centers of quantum R&D Deep collaborative research on Enabling organizations to learn and and education centered on leading applications utilizing IBM Quantum leverage IBM Quantum for their research institutions. systems and collaboration. development and products.

Technology Skills and IBM and organizations Access Training worldwide are partnering to advance quantum computing with broad- scale, jointly-run programs Research Industry and to advance quantum Economy across all four essential areas.

IBM Quantum Computation Center 34 quantum computers to date have deployed on the IBM Cloud. Spanning 5 to 65 qubits > 95% system availability to users

OPEN SOURCE EDUCATION OPEN ACCESS Written in Python and maintained Now is the opportunity for us all to IBM is the only company to offer on GitHub, Qiskit is designed to give back and support building a our real quantum computers make quantum computing software diverse community of researchers, available for public and premium tools and frameworks available to students, educators, and access via the cloud. everyone. developers.

Chapters: 0. Prerequisites 1. Quantum States and Qubits

2. Single Qubits and Multi-Qubit Gates 3. Quantum Algorithms 4. Quantum Algorithms for Applications

5. Investigating Quantum Hardware Using Qiskit

6. Implementations of Recent Quantum Algorithms

Quantum Computing for Materials Discovery and Manufacturing Optimization

Daimler and IBM have recently published a series of papers demonstrating progress toward using Energy of binary crystalline materials circuit. quantum computers to model material systems including Lithium- sulfur that are relevant to advancing the performance of batteries. The teams have also demonstrated applications in manufacturing defect analysis and product recommendation.

Quantum Computing for the Financial Services Industry

Recently, JPMC and IBM used Quantum Amplitude Estimation, a European derivative pricing circuit Monte Carlo-like sampling algorithm, to compute European option pricing, pricing path depend options, showing a quadratic speed-up versus a classical Monte Carlo approach.

Quantum Computing as a Tool for Chemistry and Engineering

Working together, ExxonMobil and IBM recently demonstrated advancements in using quantum computers to accurately calculate thermodynamic observables, Accurate thermodynamic observables calculation circuit demonstrating how quantum can be the next generation tool for chemists and chemical engineers developing advanced energy solutions.

IBM Quantum http://ibm.com/quantum-computing

IBM Quantum Experience https://quantum-computing.ibm.com/

Qiskit https://qiskit.org

Development Roadmap: https://www.ibm.com/blogs/research/2021/02/quantum-development-roadmap/

IBM Quantum Network research paper publications: https://ibm.biz/q-network-arxiv

Qiskit textbook, video series and other learning https://qiskit.org/learn

Open Pulse Development https://arxiv.org/pdf/1809.03452.pdf