Widener Th e offices of che Vice President for Academic Affairs, che Dean of Arcs and Science, che Center of Management and Applied Economics, che Humanities Group, che Social Science Group, and che Evening Division are located 1n College che Kapelski Learning Center (3). The Center of Engineering, che Center of Nursing, and che Science Group are located in Kirkbride Hall of Science CHESTER • • 19013 • 215-876-5551 and Engineering (2). Administrative offices including che president's, the vice presidents for development, fiscal affairs, management informacion systems, and student affairs; controller, business office, admissions, registrar, development, and Vis itors to Widener College may obtain alumni are located in Old Main (5). Public relations, che information at th e telephone exchange located Widener Way for Women, and Teacher Education are inside th e front entrance of Old M ain (5). located in Hyau Hall (8) . Department of Military Science Campus tours and intervie ws are arr anged (ROTC) is on che ground floor of Hanna Hall (G). Assistant in th e Admissions Office located on the main vice president for scudenc affairs, housing, counseling, floor of Old Main. Visitors are requested to use veterans affairs, special events and Office of Freshman th e entrance to Old M ai n on 14th Street Programs are located in Webb Hall (13). (opposi te MacMorland Center) and to park on Direccor of Athletics and offices of che coaching staff the marked spaces along the semi-circular are located in Schwartz Physical Education Center (16) . driveway in front of Old Main. Director of Scudenc Union and his staff are located in MacMorland Center (14). GUIDE TO THE CAmPUS

1. Wolfgram M emoria l Library 13. Webb Hall 2. Kirkbride Hall of Science and Engineering 14. MacMorland Center (s tudent union building) 3. Louis Kap elski Lea rning Ce nter 15. Maintenance building 4. Alumni Auditorium 16. Schwa rtz Ph ysica l Educa tion Center 5. Old M ain (adminiS!ration building) 17. Baseball dia mond 6. Infirmary 18. Soccer fie ld 7. Reading Services Cent er 19. Robert Levy Tennis Courts 8. Hyau Hall 20. Track & field area and practice field 9. Arts Center 21 . Stadium 10. BS U building 22. Armory 11 . Observatory 23. Ha nnum House 12. Student park 24. Widener " W" Sculpture 25. Th e Cam age House ~ Parking Areas indica ted by diagonal lines t22G

DORmiTORIES

A Th e Castle G Hanna Hall B Turrell Hall H Tha ye r Hall C Howell Hall K Spang Hall complex D Cann M emoria l Hall M Sharples Hall E Dixon Halls, N M anor House North and South 0 Providence House F Grasse lli Hall P Widener Courts Widener College 1978-1979

It is the policy of Widener College not to discrimi­ nate on the basis of sex , handicap, race, age, color, religion, or national or ethnic origin in its education programs, admissions policies, employment poli­ cies, financial aid or other school-administered pro­ grams. This policy is enforced by federal law under Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972, Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, and Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973. Inquiries regarding compliance with these statutes may be directed to the Director of the Office for Civil Rights, Depart­ ment of Health, Education and Welfare, Washing­ ton, D.C.

Accredited by Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools

While correct at press time, all statements in this publication are subject to change without notice. Upon action of the governing body, facilities may be enlarged or otherwi se al tered, courses added or deleted and the College curricula modified or expanded.

Widener College Bulletin

Series 117 N umber4 September, 1978

Published six times a year by Widener College, once each in June and Jul y, and twice each in September and October. Second class postage paid at Chester, Pennsylvania. Contents

Contents

Campus Map ...... ·.· ...... 1 For Information ...... 7 History of Widener College ...... 9 Profile: ...... 11 Widener College Today ...... 15 Ed ucational Facilities...... 27 Campus Li fe ...... 33 Admiss ions ...... 47 Financial Aid ...... 57 Financial Information ...... 67 General Information ...... 71 Academic Programs ...... 77 Courses of Instruction ...... 145 Boa rd ofTru stees ...... 203 Administration ...... 207 Faculty ...... 212 Directions to Widener College ...... 228 Index ...... 230 3 FALL SEMESTER 1978

September, 1978 5 Tuesday - Widener freshmen orientation and Evening Division registration 6 Wednesday - Registration fo r freshman and graduates (MBA - Engr.) 7 Thursday - Registration for upperclassmen and transfer students and classes begin for MBA, Engr. Grad. and Evening Division 8 Friday - Classes begin for al l day undergraduates October, 1978 24 Tuesday- End 1st Module (T.-Th., seq.) 25 Wednesday- End 1st Module (M., W., F. , seq.) 26 Thursday- Final exam for 1st Module (T .-Th., seq .) 27 Friday- Final exam for 1st Module (M., W., F. , seq.) November, 1978 23-24 Thursday-Friday- Thanksgiving Holiday 27 Monday- Classes resume Decembe r, 1978 9 Saturday- Day classes meet (T.-Th ., schedule) 14 Thursday- Last day of classes- MBA 15 Friday - Last Day of classes- undergraduates 16 Saturday- Reading Day 18-22 Monday thru Friday- Final Exam Week - Day undergraduates 21 Thursday- Final exams- MBA january, 1979 2 Tuesday- Grades due, 10 A.M. SPRING SEMESTER 1979 January, 1979 15 Monday -- Registration, a ll undergraduates, Day and Evening; Engineering graduate registration and sta rt of classes 16 Tu esday - Registration, MBA and classes begin for unde rgraduates 22 Monday- MBA classes begin Fe bruary, 1979 27 Tu sday- End 1st Module (T .-Th., seq.) 28 Wedne day- End 1st Module (M ., W., F. , seq .) March, 1979 1 Thur day- Final exam for 1st Module (T.-Th., seq.) 2 Friday- Final exam for 1st Modu le (M., W., F., seq.) 5 Monday - prin g Vacation begins 12 Monday- Classes resume April, 1979 13-16 Friday thru Monday - Easter Vacation (Graduate a nd Ev ning stude nts resume classes on Monday - undergraduates o n Tu e., April 17) May, 1979 2 Wedn sday- Last day of lass -undergraduates 3 Thursday -- Last day of cia e - MBA and Readi ng day for undergraduates 4-9 Friday thru W dne day- Fir, al Exam Week - und rgraduates (Day) 10 Thur day - Final Exams fo r MBA 11 Friday - Grades due, 10 A.M. 19 aturday- OMME CEME T Summe r Co-op Program to begin Wednesday, May 23- e nding Fr iday, August 24

For Information Policy DR . CLARENCE R. MOLL Pres ident Academic affairs DR . JOEL M. RODNEY Vice President for Academic Affairs and Dea n of the College Business affairs MR. G. ROBERT BOWLBY Vice President for Fisca l Affairs and Operations Admissions MR. ROBERT G. VOSS Director of Admissions Student life, MR. VINCENT F. LINDSLEY counseling, religious Vice President for Student Affairs and social affairs Student fiscal affairs MR. G. ROBERT BOWLBY Vice Pres ident for Fisca l Affairs and Operations Athletic affairs MR. GEORGE A. HANSELL, JR . Director of Athletics Development program MR. ROBERT J. BRUCE Vice President for Development Freshman programs DR . LISA N. WOODSIDE Assistant Vice President for Student Affairs Management MR. THEODORE F. LOCKE, JR. information systems, Vice President for Management Information budgeting Systems and Budgeting Public relations PAMELA SHERIDAN Director of Public Relat ions Evening division MR. RUDOLPH BLOOM, JR . Assista nt D ea n for Undergraduate Evening Programs Alumni relations MRS. CHRISTINA H. KAVANAUGH Director of Alumni Relations Transcripts of record MRS. JAYNE GARRISON Regist rar Library affairs MR. LEE C. BROWN Librarian Placement affairs MRS. EILEEN M. SHANAHAN Placement Supervisor Musical affairs MR. JOHN A. VANORE Director of Music Office Hours: Monday through Friday-9 a. m .-4:30p.m. Saturdays-9-11 :30 a. m. All other times by appointment Telephone: (215) 876-5551 7

'~ .. ·:~~ HJ~!q .l1y~f ~.LQJ~(ener : CoU~ge • '' ' .... \ .·~ .. _. • .. b .. - ~- --· .>··~· ... ~~Jo., "t':f" , ,.!.:"... 4 The College formally adopted the name Widener College on july 1, 1972, hon­ oring the nationally prominent family which has distinguished itself by numerous philanthropic activities. (A sketch of the Widener family follows). Founded in 1821 by John Bullock, a leading Quaker, the College began as a se lect school for boys in Wilmington, Delaware. In contrast to the pacifism of its founder's religious beliefs, his successors introduced military instrudion in 1858 and four years later the school became known as Pennsylvania Military Academy. The early curriculum extended from preparatory through college. In 1892, the school, by then located on its present suburban Chester campus, assumed the name Pennsylvania Military College. The long tradition as an exclusively military college ended in 1946 with the admission of returning World War II veterans as non-cadet students. And, in 1967, an even longer tradition was broken when the formerly all-male institution admit­ ted its first female students. To reflect this evolution into a co-educational, predominantly liberal arts col­ lege, the name was changed to PMC Colleges, with Penn Morton College being the designation for the non-military component and Pennsylvania Military College being retained as the name for the cadet corps. During its 157 years , the College has continuously kept pace with the changing needs of our complex American society. In 1970, it acquired the College of Nursing of the Crozer Foundation. When the name Widener College was adopted and the Corps of Cadets discontinued, the Board of Trustees voted to retain the enriched Option C ROTC program. In June, 1975, the College acquired via merger the Delaware Law School, Wilmington, Del., thus en hancing its graduate offerings. In November, 1976, the Board of Trustees for Widener College and the Board of Trustees for Brandywine junior College became synonymous. Brandywine Junior College continues to be operated as a sepa rat e two-year college. The Delaware institution will share its campus with the law school, which moved onto its new sit e in Spring 1978. Today, Widener College offers career-oriented studies in science, engineering, business and management, nursing, human services and the liberal art s; and gradu­ ate programs in engineering, business and law. The emphasis of all stud ies, regard­ less of the undergraduate major selected, is placed on the development of personal va lues and goals as well as enrichment through interdi sciplinary stud ies. Widener students are preparing themselves for future leadership roles in their careers and their communities. 10 Profile: Widener Family

The Widener family, for whom the College is named, is as famous for its philan­ thropy and collections of art and rare books as it is for its contributions to American business, finance, transportation and thoroughbred horse racing. The Wideners were among the first American families to exhibit a strong social consciousness and share their great wealth with society. They built and endowed the Widener Memorial School for Crippled Children in Philadelphia, created the Widener Memorial Library at and donated their world-renowned art collection to help start the National Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C. They also gave their Philadelph(a mansion to the Free Library of Philadelphia and their ewport, R.I., home to the Protestant Episcopal Diocese of Rhode Island. Through the Widener Memorial Foundation in Aid of Handicapped Children, the family has continued its philanthropy by providing aid to the Child Development Center, Norristown, Pa. ; St. Christopher's Hospital for Children, Shriner's Hospital for Crippled Children, and the Center for the Blind, all in Phila­ delphia; and the Easter Seal Society of Pennsylvania, among others. A prominent Philadelphia family which dates back to pre-Revolutionary days, the Wideners became internationally known in the late 1800's and early 1900's under Peter A.B. Widener. He rose from a butcher's boy in his brother's meat shop on Spring Garden St. to become the owner of more miles of street railways than any other man in the world. He also helped to organize such industrial giants as the U.S. Steel Corporation and the American Tobacco Company and had substantial holdings in the Standard Oil Company and the Pennsylvania Railroad Company. At one time he and his associates owned street railway systems in Philadelphia, New York, Chicago, Pittsburgh, Baltimore and Washington, D.C. He is credited with consolidating highly fragmented street railway systems and is recognized as the leading force behind continued modernization of mass transit. At the time, all street railways consisted of horse-drawn vehicles. In 1892 he introduced cable cars into operation on Market St., Columbia Ave. , 7th and 9th Sts. in Philadelphia. He continued to press for greater efficiency and later became a pioneer in the intro­ duction of electric street cars, despite initial local opposition. Later, he organized gas and electric lighting companies in Philadelphia, Read­ ing, Harrisburg, Atlanta, Savannah, Vicksburg, St. Augustine, Minneapolis, Kansas City, and Des Moines. He served on the Philadelphia Board of Education, 1867-70, and was appointed city treasurer in 1873. As treasurer, Widener found the city unable to pay certain warrants that had come due. So, he personally paid them and agreed to wait until 11

the city could repay him. He was also a ca ndidate for mayor of Philadelphia in 1892 and in 1900 he sought a seat in the U.S. Senate. In 1902, he founded the Widener Memorial School in memory of his wife of 38 years, Josephine D. , and his son, Harry K. The school provided free medica l treat­ ment and therapy, as well as education in all grades, to handicapped children living in Philadelphia. The students lived at the school on a 30-a cre wooded tract at Broad St. and Olney Ave., and continued their treatment and study during the hot summer in Lon gport, N.j . In 1941 , the Widener School joined with the Board of Education's Martin Orthopedic School. Under the unique agreement, the Widener School came under the general supervision of a joint committee represe nting the Widener trustees and the Board of Education. The Longport home wa s sold and the proceeds were used for school improvements. The Widener trustees continuously contribute $100,000 a year to the school's operating expenses. Widener's internationally famous art collection, which he kept in the palatial estate in Elkins Park, was ranked as one of the finest in the U.S. At the time of his death in 1915, it was valued at more than $11 million. It included six VanDycks, four Rembrandts, two Titians and representative works of Raphael, Botticelli, El Greco, Velasquez, and Monet, among others. He also collected rare bronzes, tapestries, statuary, chinaware, and furniture. He paid $700,000 in 1914 for the famous " Cowper Madonna" by Raphael, which at the time was the most expensive and most valuable painting ever brought to America. The previous high was the $500,000 he paid for Rembrandt's " The Mill." In 1940, the collection was given, in behalf of the entire Widener family, to the National Gallery of Art by his son, Joseph Early Widener, " to make it accessible to the greatest number of people." P.A.B. Widener was believed to have been among the richest men in Philadel­ phia at the time of his death. , Peter A.B.'s grandson, achieved world renown for his rare book collection. He was returning from book-buying auctions in London in 1912 when the struck an iceberg. Together with his father, George, he chose to remain on the deck of the sinking ship as women, including his mother, Eleanor Elkins, pushed off in lifeboats. His mother created the Harry Elkins Widener Memorial Library at Harvard to house his famous rare book collection, and also erected an all-purpose building in his honor at The Hill School, Pottstown, Pa . George Dunton Widener, brother of Harry Elkins Widener, is credited with making noteworthy contributions to genetics through his research and develop­ ment of sheep and thoroughbred horses. He maintained one of the finest racing stables in the nation at Le xi ngton, Ky . and Erdenheim Farm , Whitemarsh, Pa . He died in December, 1971 .

13

Unlike most small colleges, Widener College finds that diversity of academic programs is its greatest strength. Students are provided with strong traditional majors as well as the opportunity for multi and interdisciplinary studies. The scope of these offerings gives them many of the choices of a university, while retaining the unifying elements and the close faculty-student relationships of a small institution. If diversity of academic programs is the College's greatest strength, the direct day-to-day contact among students, faculty and heads of groups and centers is also of major importance. The students find that they are not an adjunct to but an inte­ gral part of the Widener College family. Further, while the faculty is a scholarly one, it is first and foremost a teaching faculty; research activity is never permitted to interfere with the primary mission of undergraduate education. Students gain individual attention as a result of generally small classes and a student/ faculty ratio of approximately 12 to 1. The average class size is 27, although the enrollments in required subjects and some other classes are larger. Seminar courses are smaller. The College has introduced what we believe to be a truly innovative approach to higher education by providing new students with the opportunity to select up to eight modular (half-semester) courses. Freshmen and sophomores, for instance, can sample all three areas-Humanities, Social Science and Science/ Technology­ in these half-semester units. These modular core courses are taught through the case study rather than the " introduction to" method and are designed to illustrate how the principles of a field may be practically applied. To assure that each entering student will effectively use the opportunities in­ herent in the Widener education, and to further assist freshmen in their particular needs, Widener College has an Office of Freshman Programs headed by an Assist­ ant Vice President for Student Affairs. The Office of Freshman Programs was created for the purpose of aiding each freshman student to realize maximum suc­ cess in his or her transition from high school to college. The Widener College freshman entering a particular academic center receives course instruction, academic counseling and guidance, career information, and other services from faculty members of that center (Arts and Science, Engineer­ ing, Management & Applied Economics, or Nursing). Concurrent, however, with the freshman student's relationship with his or her academic center is the participa­ tion of all students in the programs and services offered by the Office of Freshman Programs. A freshman who prefers not to declare a major initially will enter the Exploratory Studies Program which is described on page 80. One curricular option for students is the individual or Open Major. It is de­ signed specifically for the student who wishes to assemble a program of varied 16 courses to achieve a specific objective not covered within a conventional major field . For example, a student might work out a program in urban studies which combines social science, business and engineering. Those selecting this option work with both their individual faculty advisers and with a committee of three faculty members. Most students prefer to earn their bachelor's degrees in no more than eight regular semeste rs of attendance with an increasing number doing so in a shorter time by taking advantage of Widener-approved programs such as the College Level Examination Program (CLEP), Advanced Placement (AP) and/ or testing in specific areas such as modern languages. Some fields, notably engineering and science, have more rigid sequential pat­ terns which must be followed from the first semeste r onward if the degree is to be earned within eight semesters of attendance, unless added flexibility has been gained via CLE P credits, etc. Consequently, it is important that each student explore his or her goals thoroughly in discussions with faculty advisers before the programs for the first two semesters at the College are final. While it is true there is greater flexibility if the ultimate choice is to be liberal arts or business, it must be remembered that there are multiple possible paths which can be followed. The proper counseling relationship with faculty advisers and with the Office of Freshman Programs will enable students to explore the maximum number of paths reasonably possible before making the final choice of major. In some cases four full semesters may be completed before a 'final choice must be made. Finally, students in many major areas will participate in a Senior Project of at least one semester's duration. Project teams, usually composed of approximately three students, work under the direction of one or more facu lty advisers as they deal with a problem which is related to the world as it is today. Here, too, allowance is made for individual diffrences. A student can secure faculty approval to be a " one-man-team" if the proposed project is deemed appropriate and meaningfuL The unifying elements of the Widener experience are these : -a strong societal orientation within a completely flexible and interdiscipli­ nary academic program. -an individualized course of study for each student directly related to his or her interests and goals. -acceptance of the importance of actual work experience in the learning process leading to the introduction of a larger number of internship pro­ grams. -sophisticated counseling geared to better career selection, resulting in high student motivation and less attrition. Widener believes it is one of the first small private colleges to unite these ele­ ments into a total program. Our mission is to help students of all ages learn to think creatively. The potential is manifest for the College to become a real force for the solution of society's complex problems by sending forth competent, concerned citizens to grapple with them. Faculty The full-time undergraduate faculty numbers 130, drawn from the leading national and international graduate schools. They received their academic training 17 at colleges and universities in 30states and 11 fqreign countries. The same professors who teach in the graduate programs also teach undergraduate classes. Courses are not taught by graduate assistants. Academic Structure Widener College is organized into four centers of learning because it was determined by a careful analysis that this structure would enable the College to most effectively provide the kind of innovative education expected at a small pri­ vate college today. The centers are: Arts and Science, Engineering, Management and Applied Economics, and Nursing. CENTER OF ARTS AND SCIENCE . This center has three subdivisions known as groups: (1) Humanities, (2) Social Science, (3) Science. Humanities and Social Science. All the subjects popularly known as the liberal arts are found within the first two groups. Specific major fields available include behavioral science, English , community psychology, history, humanities, inter­ national affairs, modern languages, political science, psychology, social work, and sociology. In each program there is emphasis on intellectual development, cultural appreciation and development of an awareness of the problems that face humanity and an abi lity to contribute to their solution. A bachelor of arts degree is granted except for social work where the bachelor of social work degree is offered. Science. Majors are offered in biology, chemistry (accredited by the American Chemical Society), mathematics, physics, radiologic technology, science adminis­ tration, and science education. Scientific study is balanced with studies in the humanities and social sciences in order to develop an awareness of the sociological and humanitarian implications of science . A bachelor of science degree is granted. CE TER OF ENGINEERING . A four-year multidisciplinary curriculum, ac­ credited by the Engineers' Council for Professional Development, develops the various fields of engineering through mathematical and scientific fundamentals along with practical design experience. The student has an opportunity to under­ take the conception, design and actual construction of engineering projects and systems. A speciality in the student's area of interest begins in the junior year and is continued in the senior year through the selection of seven technical electives covering the desired area of specialization. A degree of bachelor of science in en­ gineering is granted. Graduate programs leading to the master of engineering degree in systems engineering and in engineering mechanics, each with a number of options, are also offered. The Center of Engineering offers an optional undergraduate cooperative engineering program in which the student participates in a total of 12 months of industrial employment, while obtaining the bachelor's degree within the normal four-year period. An optional graduate cooperative engineering program is also available. CENTER OF MANAGEMENT AND APPLIED ECONOMICS. Three majors­ accounting, economics and management-are offered. All emphasize fundamental principles, conceptual skills, and analytical tools that will prepare students for functional roles in business or other organizations where managerial or decision­ making abilities are essential. A bachelor of science in business administration is granted. The graduate school grants a masters degree in business administration. 18 The center also offers an Inter hip Program, an optional cooperative program through which accounting and management majors may participate in a total of 12 months of industrial employment, while still obtaining the bachelor's degree within the normal four-year period.

CE TER OF URSI G. Widener College offers a four-year baccalaureate pro­ gram in nursing accredited by the ational League for ursing. ursing students study on the Widener College campus while receiving clinical education at the Crozer-Chester Medical Center, the Haverford State Hospital, Fitzgerald-Mercy Medical Center, and th Community ursing ervice and Child Health Centers of Chester and vicinity. A bachelor of science in nursing degree is granted. Direct Transfer. The Center of Nursing has entered into direct transfer agree­ ments with selected colleges and junior colleges. Under this plan all students recommended by the sending institution as having satisfactorily completed the first two years of study are assured of enrollment in the junior year in the nursing program at Widener College, provided their applications are received by the dead­ line specified. Institutions with which this agreement has been completed include: Bucks County Community College, ewtown, Pennsylvania; Elizabethtown College, Elizabethtown, Pennsylvania; Wesley College, Dover, Delaware; Eastern College, St. Davids, Pennsylvania; King's College, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania; Cabrini Col­ lege, Radnor, Pennsylvania; and Thiel College, Greenville, Pennsylvania. Army ROTC Program The Department of Military Science offers a program of study, open to male and female students, to be taken in conjunction with the curricula established for all academic majors. Upon completion of the selected program and fulfillment of all requirements for a baccalaureate degree, the student receives a commission as a Second Lieutenant in the United States Army. BASIC COURSE Students may enroll in the Basic Course to explore and evaluate the ROTC program without financial or military obligation of any kind and may withdraw at any time. Basic Course students participate in a ten (10) hour orientation module and in a Leadership Development Program consisting of a number of military and adventure activities designed to develop the students' leadership abilities and familiarity with the U.S. Army. Included in these activities are orienteering, mountaineering, marksmanship, tactical and leadership exercise~ as well as classroom instruction and Army orientation trips. Including the ten (10) hour orientation module, Basic Course students are required to obtain thirty (30) and sixty (60) hours of participa­ tion in their freshman and sophomore years res pectively. Sophomore students who have not participated in ROTC as freshmen may enroll in and satisfy the Basic Course requirements by obtaining a minimum of ninety (90) contact hours during the so phomore year. ADVANCED COURSE Toward the end of the so phomore year, each Basic Course student may apply to the Professor of Military Science for admission into the Advanced Course. Upon acceptance, students are required to take one military science course each aca­ demic year (junior and senior) and participate in the Leadership Development Program. During this period the student is paid a $100.00 per month subsistence allowance for each month enrolled in school not to exceed $1000 .00 per academic year. In addition, students must attend a six-week ROTC Summer Camp located at Fort Bragg, North Carolina. Students are paid approximately $500.00 plus travel expenses while attending this camp. ROTC SCHOLARSHIPS Army ROTC Scholarships are available on a competitive basis for three-year, two-yea r, and one-year periods. These scholarships include full tuition, books, fees , and a $100.00 per month allowance for each month of the school year not to exceed $1 ,000.00 per school year. TWO-YEAR PROGRAM Widener College also offers a two-year Army ROTC Program for those students transferring from j:.mior colleges or other institutions at which ROTC was not offered or who were previously unable to enroll in a ROTC Program. In order to participate in the two-year program, a student must attend a six week Army ROTC Basic Camp at Fort Knox, Kentucky. Students interested in entering the ROTC Pro­ gram in this manner must apply to the Professor of Military Science prior to 1 April of their Sophomore year. Students enrolled in the two-year Army ROTC Program have the sa me stature and opportunities as those enrolled in the Advanced Course of the ba sic four-year program . 20 Senior Projects Every student at Widener College can look forward to participating in a Senior Project, an activity that should prove to be the capstone of his undergraduate edu­ cation. The project concept is in keeping with an edcuational philosophy strongly oriented toward finding solutions to some of the problems of the individual and modern society. It is an activity designed to enable the student to develop his ability not only to carry out various forms of research in the library, in the laboratory, or in the field, but also to think ciritically, creatively, and humanely. Students are encouraged to form their own teams and to select a challenging and significant project in which they can use their individual and combined abilities to best advantage. In some cases, students may wish to work with other students in their curriculum or center on a project closely related to their chosen profession. For example, a team majoring in engineering might work on a problem in aero­ mechanics; a team of langua ge majors might join in developing a study program for the Spanish-speaking community; or a team of political science majors might inves­ tigate a problem connected with municipal government. The team approach also provides an opportunity for students from different centers to work together on an inter or multi-disciplinary problem. For example, a project concerned with water pollution might best be dealt with by a team consisting of a social scientist, a biologist, a chemist, and an en gineer. Each would concentrate on his specialty but would contribute to the team's effort to solve the problem. In some cases, projects will be associated with, perhaps even sponsored by, outside institutions such as industries, government agencies and other educational institutions. Expert consultants may also be brought in to advise teams. Thus, for the student who is professionally oriented, participation in a project might be com­ pared with an internship through which he is exposed to the kinds of situations that he might very well encounter after graduation. In addition to improving his ability to work closely with others, team projects afford the student an excellent opportunity to further develop and polish his com­ munication skills, both oral and written. First of all , he finds that he must communi­ cate with his teammates on a day-to-day basis in designing and carrying out the project. Secondly, since the projects include a written report to faculty and other professionals and a final oral presentation to which the general public is invited, the student finds it necessary to communicate effectively at other levels. Most important, while projects usually allow students considerable freedom in their approach to the objectives set down early in the program and are structured to encourage creativity in every phase, from inspiration, through design, to final reports, great emphasis is placed on individual and team performance. For, along with social awareness, analytical ability, creativity, and the humanitarian spirit, it is the ability to perform that distinguishes the Widener graduate and enables him to carry out both his personal and professional responsibilities in today's society. Therefore, in addition to other requisites, every Widener student is required to successfully participate, usually along with two or three other students, in a Senior Project under the guidance of one or more advisers. The projects will be the equiva­ lent of one course. They may, however, start in the fall and be continued into the second semester. Individual grades are awarded in keeping with the ;ystem used for the rest of the academic program; but because of its importance, the course may not be taken on a pass / fail basis. 21 Accreditation Widener College is accredited by the Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools. Engineering is accredited by the Engineers' Council for Profess ional Development, chemistry by the American Chemical Society and nursing by the Pennsylvania Board of urse Examiners and the National League for Nursing. The Delaware Law School of Widener College is fully approved and accredited by the American Bar Asso ciation. Seven national honor societies have established chapters at Widener College to recognize outstanding scholarship in their respective fie lds. The societies and thei r fields are: Alpha Chi, national sc holarship honor society; Alpha Psi Omega, dramatics; Alpha Sigma Lam bda, national evening division honor society; Omicron Delta Epsilon, economics; Pi Gamma Mu, social science; Sigma Pi Sigma , ph ys ics; and Tau Beta Pi , engineering.

Overseas Learning Experiences The College has secured limited arrangements with the universities of Sussex and Keele in England, Marburg in W est Germany and Strasbou rg in France to pro­ vide opportunities for overseas study for interested and qualified upperclassmen. It is anticipated that expansion of such programs in the future will be in direct pro­ portion to student interest and accomplishment in ex isting ones. Th rough cooperative arrangements with other colleges, universities, and non­ profit groups, Widener students ca n plan on a year of study abroad in Spain , France, Italy, and in Latin America n countries. Summer Sessions The summer sess ions at Widener College provide fully-accredited courses in the humanities, social ciences, engineering, physical sciences and economics and management. Specific course offerings are in accordance with student interest and demand. The 13 weeks of summer sessio ns include one pre-sess ion of three wee ks and two regular sess ions of five weeks each. A student attending the pre-sess ion ma y take one course ; a student attending the five-week sess io ns may take a maximum of two courses in each sessio n. In addition, there are two summer sess io ns in the Evening Division, each six weeks in length (details avai lab le at the Eve ning Division office) and a variety of institutes, workshops an d special programs . Fees and charges for special programs are arranged according to th e project. Coun eling se rvi ces are available to al l students throughout the summer ses­ ions. All classes and laboratories are conducted in fully air-conditioned facili ties. Th ere are also opportuni ties for gymnastic exerci ses, swimming and outdoor sports, including tennis. Tuition, fee and room and board charges for summer e sions are listed in the epa rate ummer chool ca talog published each spring.

Evening Division For those interested in co ntinuing their ed uca ti on on a part-time ba sis, the Evening Division offer course in liberal art s, business manage ment, engineering and science. upervi so r tra ining and other auxi liary ervices are offered for local indust ri es. A ca tal og of ourses offered is available at th e Eve ning Division Office.

Project Prepare In 1969, Widener o ll ege launched another innova ti ve program, Project Pr e­ pare, to help ed ucationa lly and economicall y disadvantaged students prepare for co llege. Th e project fea tures a seve n-week summer tutorial and counseling pro­ gram for the se lected high school seniors preparatory to enrollment in a regular 23 schedule of cou rses in the fall. Cotinuing special counse ling ilnd tutorial services are ava ilable to the students as needed throughout their matriculat ion as regular students. A particular effort is being made to find and to encourage such st udents who evidence an interes t in the fi elds of engineering and science because comparative ly few students in this type o f program in higher educJ tion are now preparing for careers in those fields.

The Widener Way for Women The Widener Way for Women is a continuing educa tion program for adults 24 yea rs of age and over who des ire to begin or res ume il college educa tion leading toward a bacca laurea te degree . The program's purpose is to ease the transition into part-time or full-time undergrad uate studies for the ad ult who has experi enced a discontinuity in education. Students enro lled in the Program are offered special su pport se rvices which in­ clude: o pen admiss io n policy, flexible scheduling, aca demic, career, and perso nal counse ling, and a tuition-free, 3-credit course, Trans itio nal Edu ca tion (Ed 100) which is designed to refresh communicable skill s. This course may be taken alo ne or in conjunction with other undergraduate cou rses and is offered da y and evening. Students in The WWW Program pursuing part-time studies pay Special Student tu ition rates. (See financial information, Special Students); students pursuing fu ll­ time studies pay the general coll ege :uition rates.

Paralegal Program Students in Paralega l Studies investigate lega l resea rch, corporate law, estate planning and administration, rea l es tate law, litigation and publi c secto r law. Ac­ credited by the Ameri ca n Bar Association, th e program is offered in the summer and repeated during evenings in the fall and spring. The program features instruction by practicing attorneys. Students take all the subjects above and then speciali ze in one of them. Up to twelve aca demic credits may be earned by pa ss ing optional exa minations. Those who complete the program are qualified to work as lega l ass istants in such enterprises as private law offices, banks, corpo rations, governmen t offices, rea l esta te and title companies. Detailed informat ion is avai lable upon request from the Director of Par alega l Studies.

Graduate Studies Widener College offers graduate-level programs in business administration, sys tems engineering and engineering mechani cs. Th e degrees granted are th e maste r of business administration (MBA) and the master of enginee ring (ME).

Law Th ose interes ted in studying law should cor.sult the separate ca talog published b y the Delaware Law School of Widener College, and obt<:~inab l e from that ad mis­ sions office by writing to; The Dela ware Law School of Widener College, P.O . Bo x 7474, Concord Pik e, Wilmington, DE 19803. 25