2016 DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT DISTRICT BETUL M.P. AS PER NOTIFICATION NO. S.O. 141 (E) NEW DELHI, THE 15TH JANUARY,2016 OF MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT, FOREST AND CLIMATE CHANGE GOVT. OF INDIA Directorate of Geology and Mining Mineral Resource Department, GOVT. OF MADHYA PRADESH 1 CHAPTER – 1 1. Introduction: With reference to Gazette notification of 15th January 2016 of Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, the District Environment Impact Assessment Authority (DEIAA) and District Environment Assessment Committee (DEAC) are to be constituted by the Divisional Commissioner for prior environmental clearance of mining of minor mineral. The DEIAA and DEAC will scrutinize and recommend the prior environmental clearance of mining of minor minerals on the basis of District Survey Report. This will a model and guiding document which is a compendium of available mineral resources, geographical set up, environmental and ecological set up of the district and replenishment of minerals and is based on data of various departments, published reports, journals and websites. District Betul is one of the districts in Madhya Pradesh which is lying on the southern part of the states, almost wholly on the Satpura Plateau. The district extends between 21o 22’ and 22o 24’ North latitude and 77o 04’ and 78o 33’ East Longitude and forms a compact shape, almost a square with slight projections on the east and west. The district constitutes 10 blocks spread across 5 Tehsils. The greatest length of the district is about 161 kms from east to west and 106 km from north to south. The total area of the district is 10,078.1 sq.km having a population of 13, 95,175. The average rainfall of the district is 1085mm. The District is bounded on the north by Hoshangabad district, on the south by Amravati district of Maharashtra, on the east by Chhindwara district and on the west by the districts of Harda, East Nimar and Amravati. The southern boundary of the district runs almost along the southern foothills of Melaghat range, but excludes Hattighat and Chikaldara hills in Amravati district. the western boundary is marked for some distance by the Ganjal river (southern), a tributary of Tapti, and then with the watershed line between the Morand and Ganjal (northern), the tributaries of the Narmada, the Northern boundary is marked by the course of the Morand River, and by the Tawa river beyond Dhdra mohar Railway station. The Eastern Boundary runs through small streams and hills among which some significant ones are Khurpura and Rotia Nalas. 2 Betul is apparently a tribal district, where 39.43% of the total population is Gond and Korku tribles. The major languages in the district are Hindi, Gondi, Korku, and Marathi language is spoken widely in southern part of the district. Among the castes Gonds, Korkus, Kurmis, Kumbis, Bhoyars, Meharas, Chamars, Banias, Rajputs are the major ones. Betul is well connected by road & rail network. It is located on the Delhi – Chennai broad-gauge railway line & National Highway No. 69 also passes through this district. the nearest airports are in Nagpur & Bhopal. Main rivers are Tapti, Poorna, Wardha, Machna, Sapna and Tawa. Pathankheda in Ghoradongri block is famous for its coalfields and finds use at the Satpura thermal power station, Sarni for electricity production. Around 22 villages of Shahpura Block and 32 villages of Ghoradongri block come within the Panchmarhi Biosphere Reserve area. The said area is famous for its rare species of flora and fauna. Northern and western parts comprising of Bhimpur, Ghoradongri, Shahpur and some parts of Athner Blocks of the district, are the prime source of valuable forest produce. Bhainsdehi and part of Betul block are also rich likewise. Main produce are teak-wood, bamboo and other minor forest produce along with herbs of important medicinal values, as the district is widely spread on the Satpura Mountain plateau, it is covered with the enchanting greenery of forest. Lofty mountains of Satpura Range enhance its charm further. The district is divided into 8 Tehsils and Ten blocks the district is predominantly a rural district there are 1343 villages. The total population of the district of as as per 2001 census. The details of administrative units are given in table- 1. 3 Table – 1 : Administrative Divisions, District Betul M.P. (Census-2001) Blocks Area in No. Of No. of Population Increas S.C. S.T. Sq. Km villages Gram e in Population Population o N Panchaya 10 year S. t in % 1 Betul 1150 188 77 240160 22.37 22192 64567 2 Chicholi 494 80 34 73861 25.44 4030 46472 3 Ghoradongri 1300 162 56 225307 21.41 32079 82874 4 Bhiansdehi 1257 132 50 116761 15.42 10188 62648 5 Athner 853 100 45 92869 13.51 6948 41770 6 Bhimpur 1150 151 54 122313 28.48 4663 103603 7 Shahpur 505 125 40 95909 22.30 7679 61770 8 Multai 1081 132 69 143933 9.06 15599 14639 9 P Patan 1133 120 65 122462 9.86 19154 31023 10 Amla 1120 153 68 161600 14.79 25072 40541 The classification of the total area of the district inflects the extent of development of agriculture activities in the district and also represents the potential aestivation of the area. The area different land use and their percentage to the reported area of the district for the year 2006 is given in table-2. Table No. 2 : Land use Patter of Betul District S. No. Type Area is Sq. km 1 Forest 3967 2 Land not available for agriculture 259 3 Other non agriculture land 467 4 Cultivable area 4040 5 Total sown area 4046 6 Area sown more than once 1565 The agriculture activity in Betul district is mainly depended on the monsoon. At present source of irrigated in the district are dug well, tube well and porty from canal. 4 CHAPTER – 2 2. Overview of Mining Activity in the District: Betul district holds a district place in the state with respect to strategic geographical position in the state and the availability of mineral resources. The presence of stone crusher plants are also installed. A total 125 nos. of working mining lease of both unit and mining area in the district. The total mineable area of district is about 29.48 sq.km. (2948.605 hectares) which is about 0.29 % of total geological area. 5 CHAPTER –3 3. The List of Mining Leases in the District with location, area and period of validity: 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 CHAPTER –4 4. Details of Royalty or Revenue received in last three years: 13 CHAPTER –5 5. Details of Production of Sand or Bajari or minor mineral in last three years: 14 CHAPTER –6 6. Process of Deposition of Sediments in the rivers of the District: The water action is perhaps the only agency responsible for erosion, transportation and deposition of sand and aggregates in the sub continental tropical conditions. The rivers are the most important source of sand in the district. The passage of these rivers is initially through basaltic terrain, where erosion of country rocks and transportation may be high but may not result in the sand formation. It is the Gondwana and Deccan trap terrain and the areas of alluvial plains which produces bulk quantity of sand and associated aggregates. Thus, geology plays a major role. This, coupled with mineral composition (e.g. Gondwana sandstone; being arkosic sandstone and shales being ferruginous and argillaceous and the recent subcompact to loose formations comprising of sandy matter) greatly influence the process of sand formation. Moreover, climatic conditions, waterload and velocity of river and rainfall have a vital role in the entire process of transportation and deposition of sand and associated aggregates. Here gradient of land in an important factor. The river usually erodes the river base and the banks by hydraulic action and abrasion (corrosion). Hereto, abrasion is the most important action which involves wearing away of the bank and the bedrock by stram water with the help of sand grains (floating, dragging, pebbles and gravels and all such small particles) that are being carried in it. The floating, dragging and rolling depends upon the size and shape. Cavitation is another method of erosion. Air bubbles trapped in the water get compressed into small spaces like cracks in the river’s banks. These bubbles shockwave that weakens the rocks. The shockwaves are very weak but over time the rock will be weakened to the point at which it falls apart. Energy, environment and time are the three factors which determine the process of deposition by streams. Thus, when energy decreases to transport the load (by reduction in velocity or volume of water), a part of material can no longer be transported and hence deposited. Similarly, the factors of environment influence the deposition through configuration or shape of the channel. Uneven surface of the channel check the velocity and hence cause deposition. The time factor actually operates through the above two factors. Thus, when a stream would perform the act of deposition may be explained by a statement and whenever like its velocity whiz appreciably checked. The deposits that are laid down by running water are called alluvial, fluvial or 15 fluviatile deposits. They all vary greatly in size, shape and mode of origin. Amongst these is first are alluvial fans and cones: these are cone shaped accumulations of stream debris that come down from hills or mountains meet a larger streams or valley floor. These are common in hilly terrains and second most important oner in the present context is flood plain deposits which are resultant of some periods of high water levels or flood in a stream during which it overflows its banks and overflows on its sides.