University of Lapland FACULTY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES Master’s degree programme (BCBU) in Comparative Social Work STUDY GUIDE

2009–2010 editors Pirjo Helppikangas and Elena Golubeva

Lapin yliopistopaino Rovaniemi 2009 ISSN•L 1798•4351 ISSN 1798•4351 3 Contents 3

TO THE STUDENT READER 8

Introduction to BCBU and the CSW Master’s degree programme 9

1 INFORMATION ON THE CSW PARTNER INSTITUTIONS 11

1.1 The University of Lapland 11 1.1.1 Name and Address 11 1.1.2 Academic Calendar 11 1.1.3 Academic Authorities 12 1.1.4 General Description of the Institution 13 1.1.5 List of Degree and Other Programmes Offered 14 1.1.6 Admission / Registration Procedure 15 1.1.7 Main University Regulations 17 1.1.8 Grading System 18 1.1.9 International Coordinators 18

1.2 General Information for Students at the University of Lapland 19 1.2.1 Costs of Studying and Living 19 1.2.2 Facilities and Accommodation 20 1.2.3 Medical Facilities 21 1.2.4 Facilities for Special Needs Students 23 1.2.5 Insurance 23 1.2.6 Financial Support for Students 24 1.2.7 Student Affairs Office 24 1.2.8 Sports Facilities 25 1.2.9 Extra•mural and Leisure Activities 25 1.2.10 Student Associations 25

1.3 Pomor State University 25 1.3.1 Name and Address 25 1.3.2 Academic Calendar 25 1.3.3 Academic Authorities 26 1.3.4 General Description of the Institution 26 1.3.5 List of Degree Programmes Offered 27 1.3.6 Admission / Registration Procedure 27 1.3.7 Grading System 30 1.3.8 Institutional Co•ordinator 30

1.4 General Information for Students at Pomor State University 31 1.4.1 Costs of Studying and Living 31 1.4.2 Facilities and Accommodation 31 1.4.3 Medical Facilities 31 4 1.4.4 Insurance 32 1.4.5 Financial Support for Students 32 1.4.6 Student Affairs Office 32 1.4.7 Sports Facilities 32 1.4.8 Student Union 32

1.5 Petrozavodsk State University 32 1.5.1 Name and Address 32 1.5.2 Academic Calendar 32 1.5.3 Academic Authorities 33 1.5.4 General Description of the Institution 33 1.5.5 List of Degree and Other Programmes Offered 33 1.5.6 Admission / Registration Procedure 34 1.5.7 Grading System 35 1.5.8 Institutional Co•ordinator 35

1.6 General Information for Students at Petrozavodsk State University 36 1.6.1 Costs of Studying and Living 36 1.6.2 Facilities and Accommodation 36 1.6.3 Medical Facilities 39 1.6.4 Insurance 39 1.6.5 Financial Support for Students 39 1.6.6 Student Affairs Office 39 1.6.7 Sports Facilities 40 1.6.8 Extra•mural and Leisure Activities 40 1.6.9 Student Union 40 1.6.10 Frequently Asked Questions 40 1.6.11 Useful Links 42

1.7 Karelian State Pedagogical University 42 1.7.1 Name and Address 42 1.7.2 Academic Calendar 43 1.7.3 Academic Authorities 43 1.7.4 General Description of the Institution 43 1.7.5 List of Degree and Other Programmes Offered 43 1.7.6 Admission / Registration Procedure 45 1.7.7 Grading System 45 1.7.8 Institutional Co•ordinator 45

1.8 General Information for Students at Karelian State Pedagogical University 45 1.8.1 Costs of Studying and Living 45 1.8.2 Facilities and Accommodation 46 1.8.3 Medical Facilities and Insurance 47 5 1.8.4 Financial Support for Students 47 1.8.5 Student Affairs Office 47 1.8.6 Sports Facilities 47 1.8.7 Extra•mural and Leisure Activities 48 1.8.8 Student Union 48 1.8.9 Useful Links 48

1.9 Murmansk State Technical University 48 1.9.1 Name and Address 48 1.9.2 Academic Authorities 49 1.9.3 General Description of the Institution 49 1.9.4 List of Degree Programmes Offered 49

1.10 General Information for Students at Murmansk State Technical University 50 1.10.1 Facilities and Accommodation 50 1.10.2 Student Affairs Office 51

1.11 Murmansk State Pedagogical University 51 1.11.1 Name and Address 51 1.11.2 Academic Calendar 51 1.11.3 Academic Authorities 51 1.11.4 General Description of the Institution 51 1.11.5 List of Degree Programmes Offered 51 1.11.6 Admission Procedure 52 1.11.7 Grading System 52

1.12 General Information for Students at Murmansk State Pedagogical University 52 1.12.1 Costs of Studying and Living 52 1.12.2 Facilities and Accommodation 52 1.12.3 Financial Support for Students 52 1.12.4 Student Affairs Office 52 1.12.5 Sports Facilities 52

1.13. Murmansk Humanities Institute 53 1.13.1 Name and Address 53 1.13.2 Academic Calendar 53 1.13.3 Academic Authorities 53 1.13.4 General Description of the Institution 53 1.13.5 List of Degree Programmes Offered 53 1.13.6 Admission Procedure 53 1.13.7 Grading System 54

1.14 General Information for Students at Murmansk Humanities 6 Institute 54 1.14.1 Costs of Studying and Living 54 1.14.2 Facilities and Accommodation 54 1.14.3 Insurance 54 1.14.4 Student Affairs Office 54 1.14.5 Sports Facilities 54

1.15. Northern State Medical University 54 1.15.1 Name and Address 54 1.15.2 Academic Calendar 55 1.15.3 Academic Authorities 55 1.15.4 General Description of the Institution 55 1.15.5 List of Degree Programmes Offered 55 1.15.6 Admission Procedure 56 1.15.7 Grading System 56

1.16. General Information for Students at Northern State Medical University 56 1.16.1 Costs of Studying and Living 56 1.16.2 Facilities and Accommodation 56 1.16.3 Medical Facilities 56 1.16.4 Insurance 56 1.16.5 Financial Support for Students 56 1.16.6 Student Affairs Office 56 1.16.7 Sports Facilities 57

2 MASTER’S DEGREE PROGRAMME IN COMPARATIVE SOCIAL WORK 58

2.1 Structure of Master’s Degree Programme Studies 58 2.1.1 Content of Joint Studies 62 2.1.2 Studies at the University of Lapland 75 2.1.3 Studies at the Pomor State University 80 2.2 Contacts 85

3 GUIDELINES AND INSTRUCTIONS FOR STUDYING JOINT STUDIES 88

3.1 Principles 88 3.2 Teaching Methods 89 3.3 Personal Study Plan and Learning Agreement 89 3.4 Assessment and Grades 89 3.5 Certificates 89 3.6 Special Issues 90 7 APPENDIX 1 General Guidelines for Academic Writing 91

APPENDIX 2 Social Work Training Period II – Working in a Social Work Training unit 115

List of Tables Table 1. Grade Scales: Comparing Finnish scale with Russian and European definitions. 18 Table 2. Russian grade scale compared with Europe and Finnish definition 30 Table 3. Costs of living per one month at the Petrozavodsk State University 36 Table 4. Types of accommodation and costs in Euros. 37 Table 5. Costs of rooms in Severnaya, Karelia, Fregat and Petr 38 Table 6. Living expenses 46 Table 7. Types of accommodation and costs in roubles 46 Table 8. Credits required for degrees. 58 Table 9. General structure of the joint studies, and other required degree studies. 59 Table 10. Timing of joint studies. 60 Table 11. Timing of studies required at the Pomor State University (40 ECTS cr.). 61 Table 12. Timing of required studies at the University of Lapland (40 ECTS cr.). 61 Table 13. Academic and administrative contacts at the universities. 86 8 TO THE STUDENT READER

This guide is a presentation of the Master’s degree programme in Comparative Social Work (CSW), which is part of the Barents Cross Border UniversityBCBU ( ) project between universities in Northern Finland and Northwest Russia. The information in this guide is general in nature, and is primarily meant for students of the CSW Master’s programme.

In the first section of this guide, information is provided about each of the institutions involved in this programme, including: their systems of study, facilities and support services, related student unions and associations, as well as information about some living practicalities. In the second and third sections, you will find detailed information on the structure and content of the CSW Master’s programme, in addition to important guidelines and instructions specific to the programme.

Intended to help students with their studies, a set of General Guidelines for Academic Writing is provided in Annex 1, and in Annex 2 are details regarding the Social Work Training Period II – Working in a Social Work Training unit.

We hope that this guide will help you with your studies in both Finland and in Russia! 9 Introduction to BCBU and the CSW Master’s Degree Programme

The Master’s degree programme in Comparative Social Work is part of the Barents Cross Border University project (BCBU), which is based on the cooperation between universities in Northern Finland and Northwest Russia. This co•operation initiative is founded on the mutual interests of the partner universities, as well as in the principles and aims of the partnership programs and of the EU Northern Dimension policy.

Within the BCBU there are two partner universities from Finland, eight from Russia, and four associate partners from other countries. The BCBU partners from Finland are, the University of Lapland and University of Oulu; from Russia, Archangelsk State Technical University, Pomor State University, the Karelian State Pedagogical University, Petrozavodsk State University, Northern State Medical University, Murmansk Humanities Institute, Murmansk State Pedagogical University, and Murmansk State Technical University. The BCBU associate partners are Luleå University of Technology (Sweden), University of Manitoba (Canada), Narvik University College (Norway), the Centre for Health Education (Greenland), and the University of Southern Denmark (Denmark).

Together, BCBU partners collaborate to provide four (2•year) cross border Master’s programmes. Comparative Social Work is co•ordinated by the University of Lapland; Environmental Engineering; Health and Wellbeing in Circumpolar Areas; and Information Systems are co•ordinated by the University of Oulu. The combination of partner universities in each programme is based on former cooperation and expertise in special branches of the participating universities. The four study programmes are in the central fields of the EU Northern Dimension priorities, and all programs follow the principles of the Bologna Process.

BCBU offers graduates increased professional and international skills, necessary to improve the personal lives and scale up professional possibilities of the graduates. The needs of international labour market in the Barents region and globally, are used as the basis for these studies. In addition, the implementation of these cross•border master’s programmes are intended to promote the internationalization of education and research, the updating of educational content, and of incorporating international aspects in the educational process. The language of study in all programmes is English.

Further information about Barents Cross Border University is available at www.bcbu.oulu.fi.

The Master’s degree programme in Comparative Social Work has been developed and is realized by the following Finnish and Russian partner universities: the University of Lapland and the Pomor State University, the Karelian State Pedagogical University, Petrozavodsk State University, Northern State Medical University, Murmansk Humanities Institute, Murmansk State Pedagogical University, Murmansk State Technical University and the University of Oulu.

The main responsibility for the delivery of the programme is carried out by the Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Social Work at the University of Lapland, in Rovaniemi, and the Faculty of Social Work at the Pomor State University, in Archangel. Upon completion, graduating students will be awarded degree qualifications by the university 10 where they are accepted and registered. The degree qualifications are aMaster of Social Sciences from the University of Lapland, and aMaster of Social Work from the Pomor State University. 11 1 INFORMATION ON THE CSW PARTNER INSTITUTIONS

1.1 The University of Lapland

1.1.1 Name and Address Visiting Address: University of Lapland, Main building, Yliopistonkatu 8, Rovaniemi, FINLAND Mailing Address: University of Lapland, P.O. Box 122, FI•96101 Rovaniemi, FINLAND E•mail: [email protected] Tel: +358 16 341 341 (switchboard) Fax: +358 16 341 4222 (international Office)

Internet: International office: [email protected] University www site: www.ulapland.fi International office www site: www.ulapland.fi/intl

1.1.2 Academic Calendar Academic year The academic year at the University of Lapland comprises two semesters. The autumn semester lasts from August 1 to December 31 and the spring semester is from January 1 to July 31.

The opening ceremony of the academic year is always on the first Monday of September. Teaching during the academic year is divided into five teaching periods.

Teaching periods in 2009–2010

Period 1: 1 September –1 November in 2009 (9 weeks) Period 2: 2 November –20 December in 2009 (7 weeks) Period 3: 7 January –7 March in 2010 (8,5 weeks) Period 4: 15 March –28 May in 2010 (11 weeks) Period 5:

*For Summer Schools / Monthly examinations / Holidays

* Various component of the Master’s Programme in Comparative Social Work will be provided during Period 5. For example, in the first academic year some teaching will extent into June and a portion of the five week practical training period could be carried out in June. In the second academic year a Methodological Summer School will take place during August. Note: All university buildings are closed between Christmas and the New Years, and during the entire month of July. 12 It is highly recommended that students arrive at the beginning of each semester to participate in the Orientation Programme offered.

1.1.3 Academic Authorities in 2009 Administration Institutions of higher education in Finland are under the direct supervision of the Ministry of Education. While they are all state institutions, each has its own administration with complete autonomy in internal affairs. There is on going a renovation of law concerning universities in Finland.

The University Senate and the Administrative Council The University Senate is elected for a three•year period on a three•quota principle: i.e. one•third of the members are professors; one•third teachers, researchers and other staff; and one•third students. In addition, the University Senate appoints two members from outside the University by the motion of Administrative Council. The chairperson of the Senate is the Rector. University has an Administrative Council together with Rovaniemi University of Applied Sciences. The Administrative Council is a board that consists of representatives of various stakeholders in Lapland. It is a link between the University, the University of Applied Sciences and the province.

The Rector, First Vice Rector and Second Vice Rector The Rector is in charge of the faculties and the Administrative and Development Unit. The Administrative and Development Unit includes the divisions: Planning, Financing and Development, International Relations, Corporate Communications, General Administrative Services (Personnel Administration, Financial Administration, General Administration), and Procurement and Property. The current Rector is Professor Mauri Ylä•Kotola, PhD. The University has two vice rectors. The 1st Vice Rector is responsible for the Common Education Services unit, which includes the Language Centre, Open University, the Department of Research Methodology, Student Services, and the Research School. The 2nd Vice Rector is the head of Information Services Unit comprising of the Library, Arctic Centre Information Services, Computer Centre and University Printing Services. The current Vice•Rectors areJukka Mäkelä, PhD, First Vice•Rector, Director of Department of Research Methodology; andPaula Kankaanpää, PhD, Second Vice• Rector, Director of Arctic Centre.

The Deans and the Faculty Councils The deans lead the faculties. Each faculty has a faculty council to develop instruction in the faculty, review curriculum proposals, supervise the admission of new students, and organize entrance examinations. The faculty councils also make recommendations for when professors and associate professors are appointed.

The Administration of other units at the University is directed by an Executive Board appointed by the University Senate. The units are led by a Director. The Arctic Centre, The University Library are all part of the UoL.

The Administration of internal service units at the UoL is led by an Executive Board appointed by the University Senate. 13 1.1.4 General Description of the Institution The University of Lapland is an international centre for education and research located in Rovaniemi on the Arctic Circle. As the northernmost university in Finland and in the European Union, issues pertaining to the circumpolar north receive special attention and constitute essential topics in our research and teaching. Our aim is to become the leading European centre for northern and Arctic know•how as well as a multi•field expert on service production.

The University of Lapland is a broad•based university with five faculties, approximately 5,000 students, 650 employees and an annual budget of 46 Million Euro. About 400 students are international degree or visiting students and about 400 students are postgraduate students.

With a broad range of study opportunities that combine research with education and science with art; we offer the possibility to learn about art and design, business and tourism, education, law, and social sciences. Our wide selection of international courses and programmes comprises of individual courses to international Master’s Degree and Postgraduate Degree studies. In addition, we have cooperation agreements with research and higher education institutions with 41 countries. One of our strengths is research related to northern and Arctic issues focusing on the global climate and environmental change, sustainable development, indigenous peoples, Sámi research, and environmental law.

In addition, research is especially strong in the areas of content and experience production, tourism, social work and welfare, Russian law, legal informatics, legal linguistics, women studies, the use of information and communications technology in teaching, and learning, studying and teaching.

Faculties University of Lapland offers Degree Programmes in 21 major disciplines. Each discipline provides Bachelor, Master’s and Doctoral programmes. In addition, faculties offer minor programmes and Post Doctoral training. Approximately 400 Master’s degrees are taken yearly in five faculties in the following degree programs. There is on going a renovation of faculties.

Faculty of Art and Design: Art Education; Graphic Design; Industrial Design; Media Studies; Textiles and Clothing

Faculty of Social Sciences:International Relations; Political Science; Public Administration; Public Law; Rehabilitation Science; Social Work; and Sociology

Faculty of Tourism and Business:Management; Tourism research; minors Accounting; Marketing

Faculty of Education: Adult Education; Class Teacher Training; Education; and Media Education

Faculty of Law: Master of Laws; and Bachelor of Laws

Separate Units of the University 14 Arctic Centre; Department of Research Methodology; Language Centre; Library

1.1.5 List of Degree and Other Programmes Offered Faculty of Art and Design Degree programmes: Art Education; Audiovisual Media Culture; Graphic Design; Industrial Design; Textile and Clothing

Degrees: Bachelor of Arts; Master of Arts; Licentiate of Arts; Doctor of Arts

Faculty of Tourism and Business Degree programmes: Management; Tourism Studies; minors Accounting and Marketing;

Degrees: Bachelor of Science (Economic and Business Administration); Master of Science (Economic and Business Administration); Licentiate of Science (Economic and Business Administration); Doctor of Science (Economic and Business Administration). Bachelor of Social Sciences; Master of Social Sciences; Licentiate of Social Sciences; Doctor of Social Sciences

Faculty of Education Degree Programmes: Adult Education; Education; Media Education; Class Teacher Education

Degrees: Bachelor of Arts (Education); Master of Arts (Education); Licentiate of Arts (Education); Doctor of Arts (Education).

Faculty of Law Degree Programmes: Law

Degrees: Bachelor of Law; Master of Law; Licentiate of Law; Doctor of Law

Faculty of Social Sciences Degree Programmes: Administrative Science; Applied Psychology; International Relations; Political Science; Public Law; Rehabilitation Science; Social Work; Sociology.

Degrees: Bachelor of Social Sciences; Master of Social Sciences; Licentiate of Social Sciences; Doctor of Social Sciences. Bachelor of Administrative Sciences; Master of Administrative Sciences; Licentiate of Administrative Sciences; Doctor of Administrative Sciences

Other International Programmes International courses taught in English are an important dimension of the education provided by the University of Lapland. Courses are taught in foreign languages in all the faculties, as well as at the Language Centre and the Department of Research Methodology. The Arctic Centre also contributes to the international course offerings through its Arctic Studies Programme. The Centre also runs the international Arktis postgraduate programme.

International courses within the University of Lapland are coordinated by the International Studies Centre. The Centre also develops new programmes that address 15 topical issues. Today, a student can choose from a wide range of programmes, such as Arctic Studies, Russian Studies, Intercultural Communication and Cultural Industries. As a member institution of the University of the Arctic (UArctic), the University of Lapland offers its students the full Circumpolar Studies Programme with an advanced emphasis on Arctic Governance.

In addition to these programmes, the faculties arrange international programmes, for example Women Studies and Global Education (Faculty of Education), Art Education and Media Studies (Faculty of Art and Design) and Comparative Law (Faculty of Law).

More information on all international programmes and courses can be found on this web• pages: www.ulapland.fi/studies

1.1.6 Admission / Registration procedure When a student comes to the university campus for the first time, he/she must register for attendance (present). A student can register for non•attendance (absent) only under certain circumstances, for example, for compulsory military service and pregnancy are valid reasons to postpone the starting point of ones studies. If a student has not registered by the deadline, then the student will lose his/her right to study. A student’s study right may be reinstated after a fee of EUR 20.00 has been paid. When registering, all students who are non•EU citizens must show proof of valid insurance.

All new students will receive further information on registration along with their acceptance letter.

Note: Once registered, if there is any change to ones personal information, such as change of name or address, as well as the change of domicile, then the Student Services office must be informed.

Contact information: Student Services Yliopistonkatu 8, E•wing (I floor) Tel. +358 16 341 341 Fax. (016) 341 2978 E•mail: [email protected] Enrolment as an attending or non•attending student As stated in the Universities Decree (115/98), a student must enrol each academic year as an attending or non•attending student. This is done according to the provisions stated by the university. If you intend to study during the forthcoming academic year, please enrol as an attending student. If you intend not to study, please enrol as a non•attending student. Please keep in mind that only attending students are entitled to student allowance. The username given by the ICT Services is only valid for those enrolled as either attending or non•attending students.

Enrolment Alternatives You may enrol as: • Attending for the whole academic year • Non•attending for the whole academic year • Non•attending for one term and attending for another 16 If you predict you will graduate during the autumn term, enrol only for the autumn term. Pay half the annual membership fee, 41.50 Euros. If you finish all your studies by July 31 and only need the degree diploma, please contact the Student Services.

If you enrol as an attending student only for the spring term, pay the fee normally and contact the Student Services. They will record the information for the appropriate term. You may participate in summer examinations in August before new enrolment for the autumn term. Those heading abroad on foreign exchange programs: If you will also study in the University of Lapland during the exchange term, enrol as an attending student and pay the membership fee. If you do not intend to study at the University of Lapland during the exchange term, contact the Student Services.

Joining the Student Union and membership fee All undergraduate students are required to join the Student Union and pay the membership fee (Universities Act (645/97/40). You must join the Student Union during the enrolment period. Joining the union outside the enrolment period is possible for a well•founded reason only. You can find information on benefits for Student Union members at www.lyy.fi

The annual membership fee is 83 Euros and the voluntary development cooperation fee is 5 Euros. The membership fee covers the YTHS health care fee (38 Euros). As a member you are entitled to use the health care services of YTHS. More information available at www.yhts.fi In addition to Student Union membership fee you need to pay for your student card. You have two possibilities to choose from. Antenna student card costs 5 Euros and you need passport photo for that. Lyyra student card costs 15 Euros and you need passport photo in digital form for that.

After the Student Union fee has been paid, you will receive the academic year sticker for your student card from the Student Union office, address Ahkiomaantie 17. The previous year’s sticker is valid till the end of September.

Enrolment and paying the Student Union fee There are two alternatives to pay the Student Union membership fee:

1) If you possess the web bank service keys of Nordea, Sampo or Osuuspankki, you can enrol and pay the membership fee after you have logged on to WebOodi. The enrolment will be registered immediately. You can check it using WebOodi’s command Personal Information.

2) If you do not possess the web bank service keys of Nordea, Sampo or Osuuspankki, log on to WebOodi and print out the payment slip with your personal reference number on it. You can pay the fee using, e.g., an automated teller machine. Having paid the required sum, you can use WebOodi to check about a week later that your enrolment has been registered.

In your second year of study, the easiest way to enrol is through WebOodi during the enrolment period. You can also enrol via e•mail, telephone or by paying a visit to the university premises. A non•attending student is not required to pay the Student Union fee. Please, contact the Student Services if you wish to change the notice of non• attendance into a notice of attendance outside the actual enrolment period. 17 1.1.7 Main University Regulations System of Study Studying at a Finnish university is sometimes very different from studying elsewhere, particularly because of the practice of “Academic freedom”, which means various things. For one, it refers to the independence of the universities, but it also refers to the freedom individual student’s have in planning and selecting their studies. The possible combinations of major and minor subjects are numerous and a student needs to take the responsibility in planning one’s own studies. Below you can find some basic information about the system of study at the University of Lapland.

Courses The basic unit of a degree programme is a course. A typical course is a series of lectures with a written exam or essay at the end. The lectures for a course are usually held within the space of a week or two weeks. Normally, students are required to register for individual courses. Nevertheless, it is always best to check beforehand if registration is required and when.

Teaching Methods Lecturing is the most commonly used teaching method. However, lectures do not always cover the entire content of the course and students are required to do either a written exam or essay in order to complete the course. Other forms of teaching are seminars, workshops and exercises. Seminars consist of lectures at the beginning of the course and seminar meetings at which students present their seminar paper. A workshop is basically the same as a seminar but done as group work. Exercises are usually practical assignments and are widely used in teacher training, for example. The teaching method of a course is always mentioned in the course description. Please note that there is no specific exam period at the end of the term; exams are held throughout the year. There are two types of exams: course exams and general exams. Course exams are held after the completion of a course. The lecturer will inform the students of the date, time and place of the exam. There are at least two possible dates, so that one can try again if one fails the first exam. Advance registration is usually not required. General exams for each faculty are held once a month. On these days, a student can take an exam based on individual study of a set of books from the course catalogue. Please note that students must always agree on the exam with the tutor before registration. The registration deadline is 10 days before the exam date; special envelopes are used.

Credits At the University of Lapland, credits are used to define the extent of a given course. Lectures, exercises, seminars and other forms of instruction (e.g. the writing of essays; lecture journals; preparation for examinations, etc.), as well as independent research, are all taken into consideration when the amount of credits for each course are being calculated. Please note that a credit does not refer to the duration of a course, but to the estimated amount of work required, where one credit refers to approximately 26 • 27 hours of work by the student. Within the academic calendar some courses may be completed in less than one period (with credits awarded in due time), while other courses may extend over several study periods with credits being awarded at the end of the semester or the academic year. In accordance with the establishment of a European Higher Education Area, the University of Lapland has fully adopted the ECTS credit system, thus the term “credit” is hereafter abbreviated as “cr.” and referred to as “cr. (ECTS)”. 18 1.1.8 Grading System Finnish universities use numeric grading scales. At the University of Lapland, the scale used is from 5 (excellent) to 1 (sufficient). Please note that some courses are given only on a pass/fail basis without any further grading, where in such cases, only the mark ‘pass’ will appear on a student’s transcript. Every course and examination taken is recorded on the student’s personal transcript. Below is a comparisons table with other grade scales in Europe and Russia.

Table 1. Grade Scales: University of Lapland compared with the Russian and European definitions.

ULapland European The Russian scale grading scale grade definition Excellent A Excellent 5 5 (best possible grade) Very good B 4 Good C Good 4 3 (above average) Satisfactory D Satisfactory 3 2 (lowest passing grade) Sufficient E 1 * F Unsatisfactory 2 (failing) Poor 1 (lowest possible grade, failing with distinction) * Pass / fail no grade given, no assessed assignments or exam included in the course

1.1.9 International Co•ordinators International cooperation and collaboration is valued highly at the University of Lapland. To support the cooperation with its’ international partners, the University of Lapland offers a variety of specialised services. In case you are looking for materials related to student exchange, international cooperation projects, or if you are seeking practical information on international matters, then you are most welcome to visit our International Coordinators.

Ms. Jaana Severidt, Head of International Student Services, International Office tel: +358 40 772 6510 fax: +358 16 341 4222 e•mail: [email protected]

Ms. Minna Nousiainen, International Coordinator, Faculty of Social Sciences tel: + 358 400 813 867 fax: +358 16 341 2600 e•mail: [email protected] 19 The staff at the International Office cordially welcomes You to the University of Lapland!

1.2 General Information for Students Studying at the University of Lapland

1.2.1 Cost of Studies and Living

Cost of studies: Since university education in Finland is funded by the state, students enrolled in regular degree programmes pay no tuition fee. However, there are some compulsory fees connected closely with the studies.

All university students aiming at the basic degree are required to register annually. Before registering, a student studying for a degree must pay the annual membership fee (about 83 €) of the Student Union of the University of Lapland (LYY). After paying the fee, the student receives an official student card and is entitled to the services provided by the Student Union and the Finnish Student Health Care Service (YTHS).

The Student Union of the University of Lapland offers students several social and cultural services. Holders of the student card are also entitled to various discounts, including cheaper rates of public transport.

The cost of study materials varies from field to field. The use of libraries is free, but you must usually buy some of the basic books to use as references.

Furthermore, foreign students are advised to check in advance whether and to which extent their insurance is valid in Finland. Citizens of the EU and the EEA countries are covered by the National Health Insurance Plan administered by theSocial Insurance Institution (KELA). In addition to the above•mentioned countries Finland has concluded social security agreements with Switzerland, the United States and the Province of Quebec. Students from other countries must take care of their insurances themselves.

Residence permit and a deposit demonstration Foreigners intending to stay in Finland for more than three months have to obtain a residence permit, which must be applied for at the nearest Finnish Embassy or Consulate in advance at home country. The reason for the entry must be stated clearly enough, since foreigners who have arrived in the country as tourists usually cannot be granted a residence permit once in Finland. Foreign students are required to demonstrate that they have sufficient funds to finance their studies. Students must be able to prove that they have at their disposal at least 500 euros a month or 6000 euros for a year.

A new deposit is required at the beginning of each academic year. These funds are meant to be used by the student to cover his/her expenses during the academic year. Citizens of the Nordic countries are exempt from these financial regulations.

NOTE: Citizens of the Nordic countries do not need a residence permit. Citizens of other EEA countries need a residence permit if they are going to stay in Finland for more than three months; they can apply for it upon arrival at the local police station in 20 Rovaniemi. The residence permit issued to a citizen of an EEA country also includes a work permit with no restrictions.

Cost of living In addition to the compulsory fees and study materials, you must be able to pay for your food, housing, clothes social life etc. The living expenses of a single student are average about EUR 500•600 per month. Following is an estimation of a student’s monthly budget: Rent = 200 € (Rents at Domus Arctica Student Housing varies from 163 to 362 € per month and on privet sector even more) / Food = 220 € / Transportation = 50 € / Leisure, other expenses = 130 € / TOTAL = 570 €

Meals Students are entitled to a cheaper lunch in some restaurants. To get the discount you need to have a valid student card. Students get the discount from the following restaurants in Rovaniemi:

Cafe Loviisa and restaurant Felli (University Main building) Restaurant Petronella * (F•wing, main building, Faculty of Art and Design) Restaurant Kuukkeli * (Hallituskatu 1–3) Restaurant Tekula (Santa Sport Institute, Hiihtomajantie 2) Restaurant Lumikello (University’s Teacher Training School, Pohjolankatu 23) * A meal costs about EUR 2,60

1.2.2 Facilities and Accommodation Facilities The academic environment at the University of Lapland is friendly and innovative. The premises are up•to date with modern facilities such as computer classes, easy access to virtual learning environments, library, cafeterias, and health centres. Every international student has an assigned tutor or peer counsellor to help her / him to adjust to academic environment and Finnish society.

Accommodation The local student housing foundation, Domus Arctica (DAS), arranges accommodation for all incoming international students. Remember to apply before Julyth. 10 Student apartments are situated in four different locations in Rovaniemi: Ounasvaara, which is 3 km from the university; Rantavitikka and Anninportti, located near the main building; and Rovala, which is close to the centre of town, 3 km from the university, nearby the railway station.

The monthly rent for a room in a flat shared by two or three persons ranges from EUR 163 to EUR 283 per person, depending on the size, condition, furniture, etc of the room. The rent includes water, but you must pay separately for basic furniture and electricity. All students must pay a refundable EUR 250 deposit in advance in their home country in order to confirm the accommodation and to receive the key for their room. The deposit has to be paid at the bank before arrival and by the due date. Accommodation will be reserved only for those students who have paid the deposit on time. The deposit will be returned by bank transfer to the student after he or she has left Rovaniemi. The rent must be paid by the sixth day of each month. It covers the whole month from the first until the last day of the month. 21 More detailed housing information and applications for dormitories will be sent to the students after they have been accepted at the University of Lapland.

Contact: Student Housing Office, Domus Arctica –säätiö, Ylikorvantie 22A, FIN•96300 Rovaniemi, FINLAND tel: + 358 20 7699 180 fax: + 358 20 7699 188 e•mail: [email protected] www site: www.das.fi

1.2.3 Medical Facilities The health care of students is based on the services Studentof Health Care Foundation (YTHS), health centres and the hospitals.

General Information A part of the student union membership fee goes towards health care coverage at YTHS. After paying this contribution, student union members can use the services of YTHS in Rovaniemi or any other YTHS student health centres in 16 university cities in Finland.

In addition to YTHS, insured citizens of the EU and EEA countries receive necessary medical care from the public health services. The National Sickness Insurance Scheme (NSI) gives refunds even shorter stays in Finland. The NSI also applies to students from Quebec, Canada. You are required to have an E128 form certifying your right to social security in you home country. Important!! Please take your Social Insurance Card and the summary of your vaccinations with you. It is needed if you plan to make a trip to Russia. If you have any chronic illnesses, please bring the necessary information on the illness and any possible medication with you. You are advised to bring with you the medication you will need for your whole stay in Finland.

Student Health Care Foundation YTHS Services provided by the Student Health Service Foundation (YTHS) include appointments with general practitioners, specialists and nurses; physiotherapy; X•ray and laboratory testing; and general or specialized dental care. General practitioners at the Student Health Centre in the University Main Building can be consulted free of charge. A nominal fee (EUR 4,5 / visit) is charged for the services of specialists and for dental appointments. Information on birth control and sexually transmitted diseases can be obtained from the nurse at the YTHS. If you need help with mental problems please first contact the nurse at the YTHS.

Always remember to book an appointment in advance for YTHS services. If you are unable to keep your appointment please cancel it. Otherwise, YTHS will ask you to pay the costs. Students have to pay the normal hospital and polyclinic fees even if they are sent there by YTHS. More information on YTHS is available at www.yths.fi

Health Centres In cases of emergency or acute illnesses you can use public health care services when the YTHS is closed. Public primary health care in Finland is the responsibility of the 22 municipal health centres. Under the Primary Health Care Act the function of the health centres is (for example) to: • provide guidance in health matters and public health education, including family planning advice; • organise medical examinations and screenings for local people; • arrange for school, student and occupational health care services; • organise the provision of medical treatment for local residents, and urgent outpatient care for all who happen to need it irrespective of residential criteria, and to • provide a local ambulance service;(www.stm.fi)

Specialist Medical Care in the Hospitals The local authorities are responsible for organising specialist medical care for residents of the municipality. To this end, Finland is divided into 20 hospital districts. The hospital districts organize and provide specialist medical services for the population of their area. (www.stm.fi).

Fees in Health Centre and Hospitals The charge for medical services for EU citizens is EUR 25,60 per visit and reduced costs of care, if you have your E111 and your ID with you; otherwise you have to pay EUR 25,60 and real costs of care without discount . Nordic and British citizens do not need an E111 form. Public health care services are available 7 days a week.

YTHS, University Main Building Health Centre, Sairaalakatu 1 Tel. (0)16 341 2720

Tel. 32241 Open Mon–Thu 08.30 –15.00, Open daily 08.00–22.00 Fri 08.00–13.30

Central Hospital, Emergency First Aid Ounasrinteentie 22 Open daily 22.00–07.00

Narcotics Narcotics should not be under the topic “everyday issues”, but here is some important information. The number of narcotics offences has increased sharply during last 10 years. Drug abuse is now a problem almost in every Finnish locality and in every social class. It should always be remembered that the use and possession of narcotics (hashish, marihuana, amphetamine, heroin etc.) are punishable acts in Finland, as are the production, selling, import and transport of narcotics. Anyone in possession of illegal drugs runs the risk of being arrested and deported from the country or of being imprisoned.

Personal Safety The crime rate is low in Finland in comparison with most other European countries. Visitors have little need to fear for their personal safety or their property. Yet, reasonable caution with one’s belongings is always recommended. Incoming international students are reminded to take into consideration that although Finland is by international standards a safe, tolerant and open nation where inappropriate behaviour does not usually occur, this does not necessarily mean that one will not encounter the phenomenon. 23 Police EMERGENY NUMBER 112 / POLICE EMERGENCY NUMBER 10022 If you need help in case of fire, sudden illness, traffic accident, or other accident call the emergency number. The quickest way to call the police directly is the police emergency number. Calls from all phone booths to the general emergency numbers 112 and 10022 are free of charge. When dialling the emergency number, you do not need to dial the area code, not even when calling from a mobile phone.

1.2.4 Facilities for Special Needs Students

The University of Lapland’s Main Building is new, and attention has been paid to the needs of the disabled. Getting around inside the building in a wheelchair is fairly easy. In the students restaurants the staff can assist if needed. Special diets in student restaurants can be arranged but it is recommended to inform the restaurant staff beforehand. Students with a physical disability can park in specially marked places in the parking lot. The university library will provide special equipment if needed. Also Braille books can be ordered.

A disabled student of Finnish nationality can get a personal assistant to assist in getting around, taking notes etc. The application for an assistant needs to be returned to your home municipality’s social services.

For more information on services for the disabled at the University of Lapland please contact:

Tuula Saarenketo, Head of Student Services Tel. +358 40•588 0819 or the Head of the Study Affairs in the Faculty of Social Sciences.

1.2.5 Insurance Mandatory Insurance The University of Lapland’s policy on student insurance requires that all international students obtain their own insurance, and that the coverage is valid for the entire duration of the student’s stay at the university. This means that a student must have an insurance policy or equivalent documentation which states his/her personal information and the period of validity of the insurance (equivalent documentation means the social security arrangements agreed upon between the EU/EEA countries). The insurance must cover medical care and personal injury, and should also contain liability coverage for loss or damage. Proof of valid insurance coverage is required upon registration at the University of Lapland.

EU regulations on social security apply in Finland: EU (and EEA) citizens receive necessary medical services from the public health system and the Finnish Social In• surance Institution (KELA), even during short stays. All EU/EEA students are required to obtain the European Health Insurance Card (which was introduced in June 2004, and is equivalent to the previously used E 111, E 119 and E 128 forms), from their home country and to carry it with them at all times. The card entitles the student to treatment in the case of sudden illness or accident, at the same price as Finns pay. The European Health Insurance Card is also needed when travelling to EEA countries during your stay in Rovaniemi. Please note that this card only covers emergency treatment, so you must take out additional insurance before you travel. Please, contact your local authorities to 24 obtain the card, and make sure that you have all required documents concerning social security and health care coverage before you come to Finland.

If you plan to travel to Russia during your stay in Finland, you need additional travel insurance even if you are an EU/EEA citizen. Consult a travel agency about the additional insurances before coming to Finland. Students should also make sure that they have a certificate of vaccination (tetanus, polio and diphtheria) with them in Finland, especially if they are planning a trip to Russia. Please note that Student Union membership fee does not cover any medical expenses at public health centres, public hospitals or private clinics.

Internet: www.stm.fi/english/index.htm

1.2.6 Financial Support for Students Financial Aids / Scholarships The University of Lapland has no scholarship programmes for foreign nationals.

Other Scholarships For further information and application forms for Finnish Government Scholarships, contact: CIMO • Centre for International Mobility Hakaniemenkatu 2, P.O.Box 343 FIN•00531 HELSINKI, FINLAND.

Tel. +358 9 7747 7033 Fax +358 9 7747•7064. Email: [email protected] Internet: http://www.cimo.fi or http://finland.cimo.fi

1.2.7 Student Affairs Office The International Office and the International Studies Centreare the units responsible for international issues at the University of Lapland. The International Office has responsibility for general international activities, and the International Studies Centre coordinates international education at the University.

The International Office Postal Address: University of Lapland, International Office P.O.Box 122 (Yliopistonkatu 8) FIN• 96101 Rovaniemi, Finland

Visiting address: Yliopistonkatu 8, Main Building, E•Wing

International Studies Centre Visiting address: University of Lapland, Main Building Yliopistonkatu 8, E•wing, first floor Tel. +358 40 484 4466 Fax +358 (0)16 341 4222 25 E•mail: isc(at)ulapland.fi www.ulapland.fi/isc

1.2.8 Sports Facilities The student union offers its members a number of sports facilities: aerobics, badminton, basketball, football, gym, volleyball, ultimate Frisbee etc. Most are available free of charge for members. The student union also offers various courses during the academic semesters, e.g., climbing, dancing, snowboarding for a small charge. At the office of the Student union students can rent equipment such as skates, skis, and badminton racquets. More information and advice: www.ulapland.fi/liikuntapalvelut

1.2.9 Extra•mural and leisure activities There are plenty of activities offered by the Student Union. Activities are divided into sectors: academic, social affairs, international affairs, etc. each has its own club: the development co•operation and environmental club, academic and social affairs club, culture club, international club, sports activities club, etc.

1.2.10 Student Associations Each faculty has its own student associations or clubs. These associations arrange seminars, social events, and excursions. All students, Finnish and international are encouraged to participate in association events. Almost all associations have an international representative.

LYHTY (the association of social work students) [email protected] www.ulapland.fi/home/lyhty

1.3 Pomor State University

1.3.1 Name and Address

Full Name: Pomor State University named after M.V. Lomonosov Year of foundation: 1932

Mailing address: 4 Lomonosov av. 163002, Arkhangelsk Tel.:+ 7 8182 273780 Fax: +7 8181 657056 E•mail: [email protected]

University www site: www.pomorsu.ru

1.3.2 Academic Calendar The Academic Year The academic year at Pomor State University comprises two semesters: an autumn semester and a spring semester. The autumn semester is fromst 1September to the 25th January, and the spring semester is from the 7th February to the 15th of July. 26 In September 2003 in Berlin, Russia joined the Bologna Process. The duration for a Bachelor degree (BSc/BA) is 4 academic years; for a Specialist degree is 5 (5.5) academic years; a Master’s (MSc/MA) degree – 2 additional academic years; and a Doctoral (PhD) degree – 3 additional academic years.

1.3.3 Academic Authorities

Senior Academic and Administrative Officers

Governing bodies and Administration Rector, Irina Rovertovna Lugovskaya Pro•Rectors (Vice Rectors) Senior Academic Council

Senior Academic Council Rector Vice•Rectors Representatives of faculties, research institutes and university departments

1.3.4 General Description of the Institution Pomor State University named after M.V.Lomonosov is the biggest classical University in the European North of Russia, and is a full member of the Eurasian Association on Universities and of the University of the Arctic. The University has a hotel, a tourist company, hostels, physical training complex, and a swimming pool. The library carries more than 900,000 books and periodicals.

The University has cooperation agreements in education, research fields, and retraining, with famous Russian Universities and Academic Institutions such as Moscow State University, Academy of State Government, Institute of Nuclear Energy, Academy of Diplomacy, Russian State Pedagogical University. University has special International Unit "Norwegian•Pomor University Centre". Pomor State University also has cooperation agreements with Universities and Colleges from Norway, Sweden, Finland, Germany, France, Netherlands, United Kingdom, Poland, USA and South Korea.

Faculties: Faculty of Administration Faculty of Elementary Education and Social Pedagogics Faculty of Foreign Languages Faculty of Geography and Natural Sciences Faculty of History Faculty of Humanities Faculty of Law Faculty of Mathematics Faculty of Philology and Journalism Faculty of Psychology Faculty of Physical Education Faculty of Physics Faculty of Social Work Faculty of Special Needs Education Faculty of Technology and Entrepreneurship University College of Administration 27 1.3.5 List of Degree Programmes Offered Degree programs available for international students Bachelor Bachelor of Cultural Studies Bachelor of Philology Bachelor of Applied Mathematics and Information Technology Bachelor of Physics and Mathematics Bachelor of Pedagogics Bachelor of Art Education Bachelor of Social Work Bachelor of Management

Specialist Religion Studies; Philosophy; Sociology; Chemistry; Biology; Ecology; Environmental Management; History; Mathematics; Applied Mathematics and Information Technology; Applied Mathematics in Economics; Linguistics and Intercultural Communication (English, German, French, Norwegian, Swedish, Finnish, Danish, Dutch); Special Psychology and Oligophrenopedagogics; Logopaedics and Special Preschool Pedagogics and Psychology; Pedagogics and Methodology of Primary Education; Social Pedagogics; Psychology; Social Work with Young People; Technology and Entrepreneurship; Management of an Organization; Public and Municipal Administration; Marketing; Regional Studies; Physical Education; Russian Philology; Journalism; Physics; Information Systems and Technologies; Jurisprudence.

PhD Computers and Computing Systems Mathematical Analysis Theoretical Physics Physical Electronics Physics of Condensed State Physiology Ecology General History National History History of Science and Engineering Economy and Administration of National Economy Social Philosophy Russian Literature Russian Language German Languages Roman Languages Constitutional and Municipal Law General Pedagogics, History of Pedagogics and Education Didactics of Education Psychophysiology Politics Theory, History and Methodology of Political Science Geo•ecology

1.3.6 Admission / Registration Procedure Please fill in the Application form and send it together with the required enclosures to the International Office. 28 Tel. + 7 8182 62 33 49 Fax: + 7 8182 23 80 86 E•mail of the International Office: [email protected]

How to Apply as a Degree Student A full•time study program leading to Bachelors’, Masters’ and Specialists’ degrees is offered in the Russian language. Applicants must therefore have an advanced level of Russian to be able to participate in the programs. Students who want to take up a full study program including a final degree are required to have completed their secondary (high school) education and must be eligible for university education in their own country.

International students study at Pomor University in accordance with a contract which specifies the student's specialization, duration of the course of studies and tuition fees. This contact should be signed by the student and authorized by PSU officials.

Necessary Application Documents * an application for admission; * a passport copy with a valid visa; * certificates and diplomas of previous education: • for a Bachelor's Degree Program: High School/College Certificate; • for a Master's Degree Program: a Bachelor's Degree or a Specialist's Diploma; • for Doctoral Studies: a Master's Degree or a Specialist's Diploma; * transcripts of records; * a medical certificate.

All documents of ones academic background and medical certificates should be translated into Russian/English and certified as true copies by the Russian Embassy in the country where the documents were issued, or by the Embassy of your country in Russia, or by a notary in Russia.

The diplomas should be validated by the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation before entering the University or at least one month after the student’s arrival to the University.

How to Apply as a Visiting and Exchange Student A visiting student is the one who is currently studying at a university which does not have an agreement on student exchange with Pomor University and who independently applies to study at the University. An exchange student is the one who is currently studying at a university (or a higher education college) which has an agreement on student exchange with the Pomor State University and who comes to study here under the terms of that agreement. An exchange student usually studies here for one or two semesters. Selected courses on the graduate level are available in the English language. In the case of sufficient proficiency of the Russian language, a student may choose to study any subject from the Russian curricula, if he/she gets the consent of the faculty.

Exchange and visiting students will be sent a transcript of the courses taken at the Pomor State University to their home address several weeks after the end of a semester. The transcript is in Russian with certified English translation.

Visa support for foreign guests of Pomor State University 29 Foreign students should have an invitation (visa support letter) from the Migration Service of Russia to obtain a Russian visa in the Russian consulate of your country. (Only the International office of the Pomor State University can arrange visa support for international guests of PSU).

The period of a visa support procedure is 1 (one) month! Urgent procedure is CANCELED from 01/11/05. We kindly ask you to think about your visa support in advance.

Necessary documents for obtaining visa support x A copy of your passport (photo page), sent by e•mail or fax (the lightest tone) x A completed visa support form (including): • surname, names • passport details • date of birth • period for your visa • place of work in your home country (full name of your organization) and your occupation • work address, telephone number, fax number • country and the Embassy address, where you are applying for a visa • contact person at PSU, and their contact information x Payment for visa support

Concluding the Contract with the University The University signs a contract with each foreign student accepted for studies. To conclude the contract, you should submit the following original documents to the International Office: • academic documentation with a notarized translation into Russian/English, validated by the Ministry of Education of the RF: • For Bachelor studies: school•leaving certificate • For Master studies: Bachelor´s or Specialist´s degree•certificate • For Post•graduate studies (Candidate's degree): Master's or Specialist's certificate • Transcript (the document showing the list of the subjects with results) with a notarized translation. • Medical certificate and the AIDS test result. • The Centre of International Studies Certificate or the certificate showing the results of your test in the Russian language.

The Faculty has the right to require additional information. The student having signed the contract gets a student card and has equal rights with other students (incl. library, student clubs and activity, sport etc.) Important! Checklist the documents you need to give at the International Office

These are the documents you need to go to Pomor State University • an original of the completed application form • a valid passport • translated diplomas of education and transcripts, if possible already validated by the Ministry of Education of RF • a valid visa • a letter of admission • an international health insurance 30 • health certificates • 4 photos

1.3.7 Grading System On the table below you see the grading scale in Russia compared with the system in Finland and Europe.

Table 2. Russian grade scale compared with definitions in Europe and University of Lapland.

The Russian scale Ulapland grading European scale grade definition Excellent 5 Excellent 5 A (best possible grade) Very good 4 B Good 4 Good 3 C (above average) Satisfactory 3 Satisfactory 2 D (lowest passing grade) Sufficient 1 E Unsatisfactory 2 F (failing)

Poor 1 (lowest possible grade, failing with distinction)

1.3.8 Institutional Coordinator International office Ludmila Neyman, Head of the International Office E•mail: [email protected]

Tel. + 7 8182 62 33 49 Fax: + 7 8182 23 80 86 E•mail of the International Office: [email protected]

Visiting hours: Monday • Friday 11.00–15.00 Visiting address: 56 Uritsky str., Arkhangelsk

International students’ services The International Office of Pomor State University is responsible for the practical organization of applications, admission and life of foreign citizens studying at Pomor State University. 31 1.4 General Information for Students at Pomor State University

1.4.1 Costs of Studies and Living

Studying for foreign students from Universities which have student exchange agreements with PSU is free of charge. Other foreign citizens can study at PSU on a payment basis, where the tuition fee can vary between EUR 1200–2000 per year, depending on the educational program.

The total monthly living expenses of a single student is average USD 300 (200 €), depending on type of housing, habits of eating, etc. Rent of rooms can vary USD 17–150 (11•100 €) depending on the type of housing. (www.studybarents.net).

Meals The price of meals varies between 30–70 rubles on campus, and average 150 rubles outside campus.

1.4.2 Facilities and Accommodation Pomor State University arranges accommodation for incoming students at various student hostels on campus. Each student who has been allocated a place in the University hotel must sign a Housing Contract. The Housing Contract can be signed by a student and faxed to the International Office. The Contract includes a description of hostel facilities and confirmation of your reservation for a particular period of studying.

N.B. Citizens of foreign countries should be registered on the territory of Russia within 3 days of their stay. Please come to the International Office not later than 3 days after your arrival.

Phoning from Archangelsk International calls and calls to another city in Russia If you want to call to another city in Russia, you should do the following: Press 8 and wait for a signal. Dial the code of the city you are calling (Arkhangelsk – “8182”). Dial the telephone number whom you are calling. If you want to call abroad (to your own country from Russia), you should do the following: Press 8 and wait for a signal Dial the international code “10” Dial the code of the country you are calling Dial the telephone number whom you are calling If there are no connections in 40 sec, then try again.

1.4.3 Medical Facilities It is necessary to check from ones own insurance agency what costs are covered, and to which health care centres one can visit in town. 32 1.4.4 Insurance It is recommended to take a required mandatory insurance before arrival. The insurance should cover the whole length of your stay in Russia.

1.4.5 Financial Support for Students Students should check from their own Education Ministry if they offer scholarships to Russia.

1.4.6 Student Affairs Office Ludmila Neyman, Head of the International Office Tel. + 7 8182 62 33 49 Fax: + 7 8182 23 80 86 E•mail of the International Office: [email protected] Visiting hours: Monday–Friday 11.00–15.00 Visiting address: 56 Uritsky str., Arkhangelsk

1.4.7 Sports Facilities At PSU there are possibilities for sport, e.g. physical training complex and swimming pool.

1.4.8 Student Union The student union serves to advance students’ status, community, social and academic standards. The Student Union of Pomor State University (Profsojuz) offers students several social and cultural services. Holders of the student card are entitled to various discounts in cafes, shops and discos.

1.5 Petrozavodsk State University

1.5.1 Name and Address

Full name: Petrozavodsk State University

Address: Anokhina st, 20 Petrozavodsk, 185910, Republic of Karelia, Russian Federation

Telephone: +7 (8142) 76 58 35; +7 (8142) 71 96 27 Fax: + 7 (8142) 78 26 68

University’s www site: http://schools.karelia.ru/ouruniversity.html

1.5.2 Academic Calendar 1st semester starts on September, 1, ends on January, 20 2nd semester starts on February, 6, ends on June, 9 33 After each semester the students have to pass exams. The successful grades are posted upon studying in the following semester.

1.5.3 Academic Authorities Rector: Prof. Anatoli V. Voronin. Head of Directorate for International Cooperation: Ljudmila J. Kulikovskaya

1.5.4 General Description of the Institution Petrozavodsk State University is the largest classical university in the European North of Russia, playing a leading role among the higher educational institutions in this region. The 15 faculties of the University offer a wide range of disciplines. Teaching and research activities at PetrSU are broad•based, with their focus being on business studies and administration, medicine, environment, social sciences, education, languages and culture. A new 100•hectare university campus is now under construction. The university has one of the largest libraries in Karelia with over 800,000 volumes in its collection. Since 1980 PetrSU has been admitting international students, and by 1995, over 500 foreign students had participated in various educational programs at the university. Besides educational activities, the University conducts research in various fields of science, including 28 joint international programs. The international contacts of the university are developing rapidly. PetrSU has taken an active part in various international programs of the Baltic region and the Barents Euro•Arctic region, for example, Nordic Council of Ministers, TEMPUS•TACIS, ISEP, Fulbright, Soros Fund, etc. Each year about 10 international conferences are held at Petrozavodsk State University.

1.5.5 List of Degree and Other Programmes Offered Petrozavodsk State University offers a wide range of undergraduate and postgraduate degrees in science and humanities. If you already speak Russian, you are welcome to study at any Department of PetrSU. There are 15 departments offering a range of disciplines. The teaching and research activities are widely•based, their focus being on social sciences, humanities, polytechnic science.

Undergraduate degrees Most undergraduate courses lead to the award of one of the two possible certificates: • Bachelor (BSc/BA) is the undergraduate qualification offered by Departments of Mathematics and Physics. The award follows four•year course of study. • Diploma is awarded after five years of study and a successful defence of a final•year project.

Postgraduate degrees The departments of Mathematics and Physics offer Master degree studies. This is a two• year program requiring a Bachelor degree in a relevant area. For standard postgraduate research degree, Ph.D., the course of study and research typically takes three years. The degree is awarded on the basis of a thesis prepared by the student and examined by internal and external examiners.

Academic degrees and diplomas awarded: Bachelor of Science, Bachelor of Arts, Master of Science, Master of Arts, Doctor of Philosophy, Doctor of Science. Duration of study: B.Sc. • 8 semesters; M.Sc. • 4 semesters; Ph.D. • 6 semesters. 34 Language of instruction: Russian.

Language courses Russian, English, Swedish, Norwegian, Danish, Finnish, German, and French. Summer Russian Language Program 2009 Special Summer Program Russian Languages programs

Programs Biology of Plants Biodiversity in a changing environment in Northern Europe Cultural Programs Russian language Foundation program for complete beginners and students of elementary level Russian language program for advanced students Pre•University Foundation program on Engineering, Economics, Medicine, Humanities, Natural sciences

Full Degree programs Undergraduate and postgraduate programs. Bachelor degree Diploma of higher education Master degree Ph.D

Special courses Business Russian Russian for Tourism, Hotel and Hospitality Media Studies Courses on Literature Russian for High school students Other courses

1.5.6 Admission / Registration Procedure

Registration 1. Your registration starts by filling in our application form ONLINE. Please provide as much information as possible in your application, which would enable us to provide the right level of education for you. 2. The registration fee is 50 Euro, which is to be transferred to the account of the university. Please contact our international student’s advisor, Galina Parikhina, to get further detailed information. 3. We will also need a copy of your passport, which a scanned copy you can send us by email [email protected]

If you choose to apply for a degree program, the following documents are required: • Certificate of proficiency in the Russian Language (First Certificate level) • Statement of purpose in Russian

Please note that the closing date for applications is 2–3 months before the start of a program. 35 On arriving in Petrozavodsk you should have your visa registered within 72 hours. The University (International office) is responsible for registration. You need to bring your passport and migration card to International office of PetrSU.

Info prior to departure Once we have your completed application and the payment, you will get the confirmation of your registration. After that we will send you the invitation needed for the visa application. Please take note that it usually takes about one month for the Russian authorities to consider an application and issue an invitation. An information letter containing your housing address and telephone number, information about the time and place of your first class, about the arrangements for meeting you upon arrival at an airport or a railway station will be sent to you. Please give us information about your arrival time as soon as possible.

Contacts If you have any questions please do not hesitate to contact us. We are here to help you.

Contact person: Galina Parikhina Northern European Open University Petrozavodsk State University Department of Educational and Exchange Programs Petrozavodsk, 185910 Anokhina st, 20 office 412 Russia Telephone: +7 (8142) 76 58 35; +7 (8142) 71 96 27 Fax: + 7 (8142) 78 26 68 e•mail: [email protected]

1.5.7 Grading System Please see page 26 the same scale in Russian universities compared with Finland and other Europe.

1.5.8 Institutional Co•ordinator Ms. Galina Parikhina Head of Department of International and Exchange Programs e•mail: [email protected] Tel. +7 (8142) 76 58 35 Fax. +7 (8142) 78 26 68 36 1.6 General Information for Students at Petrozavodsk State University

1.6.1 Costs of Studying and Living

Living expenses Living in Russia is rather cheap. For lunch in the cafeteria and transportation you will need about 300 euros a month. We organize excursions that cost from 3 to 300 euros. You may need some money to buy souvenirs, presents, etc. Below you find an example of a feasible budget for one month in Russian roubles.

Table 3. Cost of living per one month at Petrozadosk State University.

Items The cost of living per one month Food 1500•2500 Accommodation 5000•15 000 Telephone, TV, 300 newspapers Local travel 800 Medical care, 300 hygiene Medical 200 (per month) insurance Total 8100•19 100

The clothes are not very expensive in Russia; it is better to buy it here because it might be hard to know what to get beforehand. You will need winter clothes from October/November to March.

How do the eating arrangements work? Russian cuisine contains little that you are not familiar with. If you choose the “Homestay program” you eat breakfast and dinner with your host family, as it is included into the cost. In the university canteen you can eat your lunch, which costs about 3 euros.

If you choose another form of housing, you can eat in the university canteen or elsewhere, or you may want to cook yourself. Upon arrival you will get more detailed information about restaurants, cafes, bars of Petrozavodsk.

1.6.2 Facilities and Accommodation The university has a language laboratory, computer classes, and one of the largest libraries in Karelia. In addition the university provides programs of varying length, a choice of courses, accommodations with host families or in our university dormitory, and entertainment. 37 Table 4. Types of accommodations offered and costs in Euros.

Type of weeks / Euros accommodation 4 8 12 Homestay program 150 300 450 (excl. meals) Homestay program 300 600 900 (incl. breakfast and dinner) Apartment 430 860 1290 Hotel 750 1500 2250 Student dormitory 85 170 255

Host Family Living with a host family has certain advantages. It facilitates language learning, as well as the studying of Russian customs and traditions. Besides you will learn very soon what Russian hospitality means; and in case you need any help, your hosts will never say "no" to you.

You will live with a family selected by the university, with whom you will have your meals (breakfast, dinner) with. When applying, give as much information about yourself as possible, e.g. interests, sports, dietary requirements, allergies etc.

Dormitory Dormitories probably lack the comfort of a luxurious hotel, but they have certain advantages. You'll find it easier to adapt to the new conditions there. Your student neighbours are sure to help you any time you need. Besides, costs are considerably lower than those in any hotel. You will have a study/bedroom in the dormitory shared by roommate. Bathroom and toilet facilities are often shared.

Private flat / Hotel / Hostel If you want to be more independent, you are free to choose a hotel or a private flat. We will help you to choose the best one, as the international office of PetrSU is responsible for providing accommodation to international students of PetrSU. We can offer you a private single room flat with all facilities not far from the University (prices varies around 300–430 € per month depending on the district).

There are eight hotels and several hostels in the downtown near the Main Building of the University. Most are well equipped and of good quality. The scale of hotel prices in general in Russia, except for Moscow and St. Petersburg, is relatively low. Hotel rooms are extremely inexpensive, and normally do not exceed $85 per day. As a rule, one can obtain a good quality room (shower, toilet, telephone, TV) for approximately $40 per night. We can recommend several good hotels. The following chart [first eight entries] shows hotels that are in proximity and some within walking distance to the University. The resort hotel Kalevala is located 25 km from the University, just outside of Petrozavodsk on the bank of a beautiful lake in the forest. All prices are current. Deluxe rooms contain double beds. Most hotels have eating facilities with different types of kitchens, bars, and saunas. 38 Table 5. Costs of rooms in Severnaya, Karelia, Fregat and Petr. Name Number of Well•equipped Price per room per night in rooms USD Single Double Delux Single Double Delux Severnaya 28 52 7 76 76 150 Karelia 10 32 2 113 132 171 Fregat 4 6 2 60 70 80 Petr 6 7 • 30 58 • We need time to find accommodation for you so you should inform us 1 month before you arrive.

Hotel “Severnaya” Located in the centre of the city, 700 m from the railway station and 20 km from the airport; it is situated in the business and cultural centre of Petrozavodsk and has a convenient transport communication with all city districts. The railway station, the river• boat station, the Aeroflot and Finnair offices, Russian Drama and Music theatres, the Onego Lake granite embankment, a number of shops, cafes, restaurants, bars, and a stadium lie within fifteen minutes' walk from the hotel. There is a taxi parking place near it as well. There are 189 rooms (329 beds), three floors, but no elevator. There is a toilet, hot water, shower, radio, and TV in every room. You will also find a good restaurant, a cozy bar/cafe, a guarded car park, dentist consulting office, and money exchange.

Hotel “Petr” This family hotel built in the 90's is located near the crossroads of the freeways to St. Petersburg and Murmansk, 5 km from the city centre and 15 km from the airport. There are single and double rooms, with toilet and shower in each room. Small restaurant, bar and sauna, guarded car park.

Hotel “Fregat” Location: Passenger marina on the shore of Onega. The hotel was renovated in 1994. Amenities: 22 beds, four single, six double and three deluxe rooms. Two floors, no elevator. Every room has separate toilet, shower, radio, TV, and kitchen. Services: Conference room, restaurant, bar, sauna (from 6 a.m. to 9 p.m). The prices include breakfast in the restaurant "Fregat". You can enjoy the sauna any time; the restaurant and the bar are open from 8 a.m. till 1 a.m. The prices are negotiable.

Hotel “Karelia” Location: Centre of the city, shore of Onega, 2 km from the railway station, 21 km to the airport. Hotel was built in 1978; it has 280 beds, single, double and rooms for three, 10 floors, 2 elevators. Every room is provided with shower and toilet. Services: Conference hall for 80 persons, two restaurants, three bars and a sauna. Car rental services and guarded car park are provided. The nearest money exchange is 300 meters from the hotel. A tourist centre arranges sightseeing tours in Petrozavodsk and guided tours to Kizhi, Kivach, Kondopoga, Sheltozero, and Olonets. "KARELIA" restaurant is situated in the building of the tourist centre.

Hostel “Jigowatt”el “Jigowatt” Location: Centre of the city, within a 3 minutes walk from the university. The Jigowatt is a modern newly renovated hostel; comfortable clean and safe accommodation in one two• bed dorm room or two six•bed dorm rooms. The Hostel is provided with toilet, shower, kitchen, washing machine, Internet access. English•speaking staff is ready to help 24/7. For more information, please visit the web site: www.petrozavodskhostel.ru 39 1.6.3 Medical Facilities First of all, you should contact the International Students Adviser who will help you find a solution to your medical problem. You will get free medical care only if you have medical insurance. Otherwise you will have to pay your own money for provided services.

1.6.4 Insurance Please, note that you are responsible for your medical insurance. If you haven't got medical insurance in your home country you have to do it in Petrozavodsk.

Before arrival to Russia you should check with your doctor what inoculations you require and take out a medical insurance policy before you leave your home country. You will not get free medical care here in Petrozavodsk if you haven't got medical insurance. Otherwise you will have to pay extra money. You can take out medical insurance policy here in Petrozavodsk. The cost varies from 0,97 € to 0,32 € per day and depends on the duration of your staying here.

1.6.5 Financial Support for Students Students should check from their own Education Ministry if they offer scholarships to Russia.

1.6.6 Student Affairs Office Ms. Galina Parikhina, Head of Department of Educational and Exchange Programs • Contact for general info, admission, costs, and course selection e•mail: [email protected] tel. +7 (8142) 76 58 35; 71 96 27 fax. +7 (8142) 78 26 68

Ms. Lidia Presnitskaya, International students advisor e•mail: [email protected] tel. +7 8142 71 96 27; 76 58 35 fax. +7 8142 78 26 68

Ms. Evgenia Guliaeva, Recruiting manager e•mail: [email protected] tel. +7 (8142) 76 58 35; 71 96 27 fax. +7 (8142) 78 26 68

Ms. Tatiana Voevoda, Manager of educational programs for Russian students e•mail: [email protected] tel. +7 8142 71 96 27 or +7 8142 76 58 35 fax. +7 8142 78 26 68

Postal address: Northern European Open University Petrozavodsk State University Department of educational and exchange programs Petrozavodsk, 185910 40 Anokhina st, 20 / office 412 Russia

1.6.7 Sports Facilities There is a fitness centre at the university. There you can play tennis, billiard, indulge in aerobics, bodybuilding. As well there are some modern sports centres in Petrozavodsk.

1.6.8 Extra•mural and Leisure Activities Northern culture – the museum of wooden architecture Kizhi, the monasteries of Valaam and Solovki. You can visit Karelian villages with their special northern charm and experience the exceptional hospitality of their people. Science, arts and folklore are cherished in Karelia. There are three institutes of higher education in Karelia – Petrozavodsk State University, Karelian Pedagogical Institute, and the Conservatory.

In addition, there are the Russian Academy of Sciences, Karelian Science Centre and a great number of educational centres of various branches. In Petrozavodsk alone, there are four theatres and every other town in Karelia has its own theatre. Museums of local history and culture can be found in almost every town.

Beautiful nature, nice and hospitable people. Unforgettable natural attractions of Karelia are the Kivach waterfall, Onego lake (the cleanest in Europe), numerous forest parks, rocks, plains, and lakes. It's an ideal place for boating, skiing, hiking, fishing, picking mushrooms and berries, a place for picnics and rest. Petrozavodsk is a small and calm town with a real Russian charm.

It takes 4–6 hours to get to Moscow or St. Petersburg from Petrozavodsk. You can also go and visit other Northern Russian cities Arkhangelsk – , Murmansk, and Vologda. Living with a Russian family, you will get to know what Russian hospitality means. You will study Russian in a friendly atmosphere and make friends with Russian students. You will be able to see the Kizhi churches, the Valaam and Solovetskiy monasteries, and other beautiful sceneries and masterpieces of architecture

Questions? Comments? Please e•mail us at [email protected]

1.6.9 Student Union At the university there is a Student Union. Every student can join it.

1.6.10 Frequently Asked Questions

On travel and arrival How do I acquire a visa? How much does the procedure cost? After you have registered for one of programs in our university you will receive an official invitation from the Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs. You will need this invitation for the visa application, which you will send to your local consulate. Be sure to leave ample time for the procedure of obtaining a visa, as a rule it takes 2 weeks and more. The cost of the visa depends on processing time and type of visa. For further assistance in filling the visa and transporting the documents to the local office visit http://www.traveldocs.com. 41 Do I need to register my visa? On arriving in Petrozavodsk you should have your visa registered within 72 hours. The University (International office) is responsible for registration. You need to bring your passport with visa and a migration card of yourself to International office of PetrSU.

Will I be picked up at the airport? If it is required you will be met by the representative of the university. The cost is 30 euros. You need to report us the information about your flight. You will receive important and useful information about your stay upon arrival.

What does Orientation week include? It includes the excursion tour of Petrozavodsk, the guide will tell you the most important information (museums, shops, cafes, discos, transport etc.) about city and its inhabitants. You will get the map of Petrozavodsk and International Students Handbook where you will find a lot of useful information about University and its facilities. If you come as a group Orientation week includes welcome dinner where you get acquainted with instructors and administrative staff of the university.

Should I always have documents on me? We advise you always to have documents on you. You must present your passport and visa in order to change money, and to buy train tickets, book hotel rooms and in numerous other situations.

Can I change accommodation if I don't feel comfortable? We do our best to select accommodation that fit best to your personality and personal background. In case you feel uncomfortable we will try to provide you with better accommodation.

How do I get to university on the first day? On your first day you will be brought to the university by someone of our staff. Next days you will be provided with bus pass. You need to take with you the following documents: passport, migration card and a small photo of yourself.

To whom can I turn if I have problems? You can call International Students Adviser or you can simply come by. Also a list of telephone numbers of all our university administrative and teaching staff will be put at your disposal. You should feel free to make use of it.

Is street crime common? There is some, but very little compared to large cities. You should behave as you would in any European city with 300.000 inhabitants. You should not carry large sums of cash around with you and you should hold your personal items close to you in the bus or trolleybus. At night you should refrain from discovering the city and its nightlife.

Where do I get a monthly ticket for the public transportation system? At the university you can purchase a monthly ticket valid on bus and trolleybus. This ticket costs about 10 euros per month.

Where is the post office nearest the university? For letters you can use the post office in Gagarina sq. 1 (near the railway station), less than 10 minutes away by foot. Upon arrival you will get all information necessary for your happy staying in Petrozavodsk. 42 Where can I make international phone calls cheap? The most economical option is the so•called `peregovorni punkti´ which you can find all over the city. The one nearest to the university is at the post office (Gagarina sq.) Also you can purchase telephone cards at the post office as well. These can be used in payphones all around the city.

Where can I exchange money? There are many exchange points in Petrozavodsk (Lenin prospect) but you will need to show your passport. Do not change with people in the street• there have been several different sets of bank notes issued in the last ten years and you can easily be fooled. When you change money, many places will give you a green receipt• it is not necessary to keep these and do not worry unduly if you are not given one.

If you have more questions, please contact us. We are here to help you. [email protected]

1.6.11 Useful Links

How to get to Petrozavodsk? www.nordictravel.ru http://petrotrans.land.ru www.sheremetyevo•airport.ru

About Petrozavodsk. http://petrozavodsk.ru http://ptz.ru http://komart.karelia.ru www.solovki.ru www.valaam.ru http://kizhi.karelia.ru

The Ministry for Foreign Affairs. www.mid.ru

Other http://www.sestudyabroad.com

1.7 Karelian State Pedagogical University

1.7.1 Name and Address

Full name: State Institution of Higher Professional Education “Karelian State Pedagogical University”

Address: Pushkinskaya St., 17 Petrozavodsk, 185680, The Republic of Karelia, Russian Federation 43 Telephone: +7 (8142) 78 30 29 Fax: + 7 (8142) 78 30 29

University’s site: www.kspu.ptz.ru

1.7.2 Academic Calendar 1st semester starts on September, 1, ends on December, 31 2nd semester starts on February, 1, ends on June, 30

After each semester the students have to pass exams. In case of getting successful grades the students are eligible for studying in the following semester.

1.7.3 Academic Authorities Rector: Sergej Pavlovich Grippa Head of Directorate for International Cooperation: Galina Viktorovna Posnova

1.7.4 General Description of the Institution The opening of the Karelian State Pedagogical Institute was in November 1931, when they laid the foundation of this higher education institution in the Republic of Karelia. In 1996 the institute was granted the status of a university. For over 75 years of its history KSPU has trained more than 35 000 specialists. 70% of the teachers in the Republic of Karelia are our graduates. Currently over 5000 students are enrolled in the nine Faculties of KSPU: Faculty of Foreign Languages, Faculty of Primary Education, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Physics and Mathematics, Faculty of Technology, Faculty of Psychology, Faculty of History and Philology, Faculty of Social and Special Pedagogic, Faculty of Physical Culture.

The Campus of the university includes four educational buildings and three dormitories. Among the educational facilities are specialized laboratories, libraries, computer classes, sport centre.

The international reputation of KSPU is defined by its connections with many universities of Great Britain, Germany, France, Sweden, Norway, USA and Finland. The Chairs / Departments successfully participate in numerous international projects and programs, exchange students and faculty with foreign universities. Annually KSPU hosts various international scientific forums, conferences and seminars. The university was responsible for various international projects granted by the European Commission, Nordic Council of Ministers, Norwegian Barents Secretariat, SIDA, CIMO, Ford Foundation, Soros Foundation, Ford Foundation, and other donors.

1.7.5 List of Degree and Other Programmes Offered

Undergraduate degrees All faculties of the university but for the Faculty of Natural Sciences offer five•year course of study leading to granting of the Degree of specialist after passing final state examinations and defence of a final project. Degree system is now in the process of transition and within the year 2009 we are to change all programmes of specialist’s degree into the Bachelor and Master Degree programmes. The Faculty of Natural 44 Sciences now awards Bachelor of Education Degree upon completion of four years of study.

Postgraduate degrees A postgraduate research degree equal to European Ph.D. is awarded upon completion of three•year course of study and defence of a research project developed by a student.

Other Programmes and Courses Language courses • Russian language courses for international students • English language courses of students of non•language specialties • English language courses for University teachers and staff • Finish language courses • Course of the Russian language and introduction to Russian business

Courses taught in English • Social pedagogic: history and evolution • History of the Russian / Soviet Pedagogic • Republic of Karelia in the Northern Dimension • Republic of Karelia in the Barents cooperation • History of Russian•Finnish Relations • System of education in Russia (structure, reform etc) • Teaching English as a foreign language • Russian approach to the theory of education • Evolution of Distance Learning • concepts and achievements • Modern Russian literature • Dialog of cultures: Russian culture in the context of intercultural communications • History of the Russian rock music • Russian pop culture (movies, music etc) • American literature • text interpretation • Gender aspect in literature • Theatre technology • actors training Additional Courses • Preparatory courses for entering KSPU • Social and educational means of prevention of drug abuse among teachers • Training on child psychology • Psychology of management • Psychology of development • Psychological counselling • Training of children with speech problems

Courses of in•service training for teachers and educational workers • Management of educational institution • Methodological competences of teachers • Social competence of teachers • ICT competence of teachers • Psychological competence of teachers • Practical competence of teachers • Complex courses of in•service training 45 1.7.6 Admission / Registration Procedure Registration Your registration starts with filling in the application form on the University site and sending it to the head of International Cooperation Office Galina Posnova. You should also attach certificate of your previous education translated into English in case it was received in non•English speaking countries. The deadline for application submission is 2 months before the start of the programme.

Info prior to departure As soon as the University receives your application you will get confirmation of your registration and will be enquired to submit information needed for preparing visa support which is done by the Migration authorities and takes a month in case you are not EU citizen. Visa support for EU citizens is prepared in the University and it takes about one week. Upon receiving an invitation from us you apply for visa to the Russian Consulate in your country.

Please inform us about your arrival time and way of travelling. Note that within 72 hours upon arrival you need to be registered in the Migration authorities which are done by the specialists of the University International Cooperation Office.

1.7.7 Grading System Please see table 2.

1.7.8 Institutional Co•ordinator Please contact us in case you have any questions or need any information Contact person: Galina Posnova, Head of the International Cooperation Office Karelian State Pedagogical University Pushkinskaya St., 17, Office 104 Petrozavodsk, 185680 Russia Tel. +7 (8142) 78 33 34 Fax: + 7 (8142) 78 33 34 e•mail: [email protected]

1.8 General Information for Students at Karelian State Pedagogical University

1.8.1 Costs of Studying and Living

The cost of studying depends on the programme or course you have enrolled in. Students coming to KSPU in the framework of the Barents Cross•border University get training free of charge. Below is an approximate budget for one month in Russian roubles. 46 Table 6. Living expenses.

Item Cost per month Food 3000 Accommodation 350 – 10000 Telephone 300 Transportation within the city 600 Medical insurance 200 TOTAL 4450 • 14100

Eating arrangements One of the cheapest and most convenient ways of eating is doing it in the University cafeteria. If you live in a host family then you can agree on eating with your host family or cooking yourself. You can also arrange your eating in a number of Petrozavodsk restaurants and cafes.

1.8.2 Facilities and Accommodation The University has four educational buildings and three dormitories. Faculties of the Karelian State Pedagogical University Main building – Pushkinskaya St., 17 Faculty of natural sciences – dean’s office 538, Tel.No: 76 – 52 – 95 Faculty of primary education – dean’s office 420, Tel.No: 76 – 70 – 62 Faculty of physics and mathematics – dean’s office 214, Tel.No: 76 – 52 – 95 Building at Lenin prospect, 29 Faculty of foreign languages – dean’s office 316, Tel.No: 76 – 45 – 98 Faculty if history and philology • dean’s office 301, Tel.No: 77 – 50 – 03 Faculty of pre•school and social education and psychology – dean’s office 412, Tel.No: 51–94–17 Faculty of psychology – dean’s office 217, Tel.No: 78 – 09–80 Herzen St, 31•b – Faculty of physical culture – dean’s office 4, Tel.No: 78 – 14 – 77 Kirov St., 8 – Faculty of technology and entrepreneurship – dean’s office 11, Tel.No: 78 – 45 – 91

The university has a number of laboratories (in physics, geographical ecology, social studies, regional social and economic geography, barophysics, linguistic, laboratory of drug abuse prevention, TV laboratory, etc), computer classes, two libraries, agrobiological station, sport and recreation centre, publishing house.

Table 7. Types of accommodation and costs in roubles.

Type of accommodation Cost per month Student dormitory 350 – 1200 (dependent on the room) Living in a host family 2500 (including eating) Renting an apartment or From 5000 room 47 1.8.3 Medical Facilities and Insurance The University has its own medical centre located in one of the dormitories. To be provided with medical service you need to get medical insurance for the period of your stay in Russia. It is possible to get it from one of the Insurance agencies, here are some addresses: “Ugoria” – Krasnaya St., 28, Tel.No.: 78 – 28 – 24 “MSK” – Lenin prospect, 8, Tel.No.: 77 – 47 – 74 “RESO•Garantia” – Andropov St., 10•A, Tel.No.: 76 – 49 – 39 “Guideh” – Shotman St., 13, Office 9, Tel.No.: 78 – 26 – 99 “Rosgosstrah” – Varkaus St., 1•A, Tel.No. 76 – 57 • 40

1.8.4 Financial Support for Students Students should check from their own Education Ministry if they offer scholarships to Russia.

1.8.5 Student Affairs Office Galina Posnova Head of the International Cooperation Office Karelian State Pedagogical University Pushkinskaya St., 17, Office 104 Petrozavodsk, 185680 Russia Tel. No.: +7 (8142) 78 33 34; Fax: + 7 (8142) 78 33 34 e•mail: [email protected]

Irina Smirnova International Cooperation Office assistant Pushkinskaya St., 17, Office 104 Petrozavodsk, 185680 Russia Tel. No.: +7 (8142) 78 33 34; Fax: + 7 (8142) 78 33 34 e•mail: [email protected]

Denis Gettoev Head of Student Affairs Office Pushkinskaya St., 17, Office 222 Petrozavodsk, 185680 Russia Tel.No. : 76 – 48 – 52 e•mail: [email protected]

1.8.6 Sports Facilities The University has a well•equipped sport centre where you can play basketball, volleyball, table tennis; go in for track and field athletics, gymnastics or aerobics. You can also train in a gym, attend dance classes or enrol in massage courses. University students also have summer and winter training in the University sport centre located in the village Spasskaya Guba. 48 1.8.7 Extra•mural and Leisure Activities Petrozavodsk is the cultural centre of the Republic of Karelia, it has five theatres, four movie theatres, a regional museum and a Museum of Fine Arts. Every year Petrozavodsk hosts a number of festivals, the most significant of them are the festival of ice and snow sculptures “Hyperborea”, summer festival “White Nights”, festivals of rock, folklore and classical music. You can visit a well•known museum on the Kizhi Island and the first Russian resort “Marcial Waters” situated not far from Petrozavodsk. Karelian nature provides perfect opportunities for sport activities such as boating, rafting, hiking, mountaineering and fishing in summer and skiing, skating and snowboarding in winter.

The University organizes different types of extra•curricular activities for students who can attend different sport clubs, tourism club, dance classes; they can act in a student theatre, sing in a choir, learn to play the guitar and some Karelian instruments, write articles for the University newspaper.

1.8.8 Student Union The University has a Student Union which accepts any student willing to become its member. The Union deals with such issues as social security of students, organization of leisure, sport and recreational activities, providing all necessary information and counselling, organization of different events, festivals and celebrations. The main office of the Union is situated in the main university building; students also have Student Union Centre in on of the student dormitories where some of the clubs as well as computer class work.

1.8.9 Useful links Information about Petrozavodsk and Karelia http://petrozavodsk.ru http://www.gov.karelia.ru http://kizhi.karelia.ru/main_menu.htm http://valaam.ru

Hotels of the City of Petrozavodsk Hotel “Severnaja” • http://severnaja.onego.ru/ Hotel “Karelia” • www.karelia•hotel.ru Hotel “Metro” –http://metro.petrozavodsk.ru/ Hotel “Maski” –http://maski.onego.ru Hotel ‘Prionezksky” • http://www.nikolaevskie•oteli.ru/ Hotel “Nevskaya” • http://www.nevskaya.karelia.ru/

1.9 Murmansk State Technical University

1.9.1 Name and Address

Federal State Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education “Murmansk State Technical University” 49 License number and date of issue: Ⱥʋ 161255. Reg. ʋ 3177, April 20th, 2004. No. and date of latest state accreditation: ȼʋ 000029, Reg.ʋ 1485, May 25, 2004. Legal address: Russia, 183010, Murmansk, Sportivnaya Street 13. Contact telephone: + 7 8152 25•40•73; Reception of MSTU: tel./fax: + 7 8152 25•40•72/23•24•92. Reception of the Maritime Academy: + 7 8152 23•60•37. URL: www.mstu.edu.ru E•mail: [email protected]

1.9.2 Academic Authorities Rector: Alexander Mikhailovich Ershov, Doctor of Technical sciences, Professor, Chairman of Rectors’ Council in the Murmansk region, full member of International Academy of Sciences.

1.9.3 General Description of the Institution MSTU teaching staff comprises about 415 persons. More than 8,500 students are trained in 51 different fields and professions at the university 12 faculties.

1.9.4 List of Degree Programmes Offered MSTU faculties offer the following study programmes: Navigation Faculty: Navigation; Radio Engineering; Technical Operation of Transport Radio Equipment. Marine Engineering Faculty: Operation of Ship's Power Plants, Operation of Ship’s Electrical Equipment and Automation. Polytechnic Faculty: Automation of Technological Process and Production; Computer Software and Automated Systems; Automobiles and Automobile Management; Energy Supply of Enterprises; Power Supply. Faculty of Natural Sciences: Geology and Minerals Exploration; Oil and Gas Engineering. Professions: «Water Supply and Sewerage», «Environmental Engineering»; «Opencast Mining of Deposits», «Underground Mining of Minerals», «Physical Processes of Mining and Oil & Gas Production», «Industrial and Civil Engineering». Faculty of Technology: Technology of Fish and Fish Products; Technology of Food Products; Public Catering Technologies; Machines and Apparatuses for Food Production, Chemistry. Biological Faculty: Biology; Bio•Ecology; Microbiology; Geology. Faculty of Economics: Management of Enterprises»; Commerce and Trade; Information Systems in Economics; Advertising; National Economics; Finance and Credit; Accountancy, Analysis and Audit. Faculty of Global Economy and International Relations: Global Economy; Public Relations; International Relations. Faculty of Law: Jurisprudence. Faculty of Humanities: Social Work; Theology. 50 Postgraduate Studies: MSTU runs 3 dissertation councils training research and pedagogical staff in 28 professions in different fields of science: Chemical Sciences, Biological Sciences, Technical Sciences, Economical Sciences, Pedagogical Sciences, Philosophical Sciences, Social Sciences, and Earth Sciences.

Part•time and Correspondence Faculty

Faculty of Correspondence Socio•Economic Education (without isolation from work) Institute of Distance Learning (without isolation from work): «Microbiology»;«Biology»; «Social Work»; «Computer Software and Automated Systems»; «Information Systems in Economics»; «Navigation»; «Operation of Ship's Power Plants»; «Technology of Fish and Fish Products»; «Technology of Food Products»; «Water Supply and Sewerage»; «Accountancy, Analysis and Audit»; «Finance and Credit»; «Management of enterprises». Socio•Economic Retraining Center (SERC) (based on higher education): «Law»; «Finance and Credit»; «Management of enterprises»; «Global Economy»; «Public Relations». SERC carries out programmes of professional retraining and advanced training. College of MSTU: «Management»; «Management with additional training in commerce»; «Economics and Accountancy»; «Economics and Accountancy (with additional training in taxes and taxation)»; «Power Supply»; «Operation of Ship's Electrical Equipment and Automation»; «Technology of Food Products».

1.10 General Information for Students at Murmansk State Technical University

1.10.1 Facilities and Accommodation

The university campus comprises 18 buildings with the total area of over 65 sq. km. There is a high•speed computer network on campus, which includes 900 computers with access to global Internet. The university library fund is composed of 0,5 million editions, there are 6 reading rooms. There are 2 museums: the museum of MSTU and the museum of fish industry of the Northern Basin. MSTU possesses the world’s biggest tall ship – sailing ship «Sedov». MSTU publishes its monthly newspaper «University Courier». There are two branches of MSTU in: • town Apatity (Murmansk Region), town Monchegorsk (Murmansk Region)

There is a huge library (app. 300 000 editions). The museum for Regional Education, History and Culture is situated at the university. The University newspaper “MSPU Planet” is information channel for students. Post•graduate School is a possibility for continuation of studies.

Students are able to live in host families. Half board is 12 € per day. In a hotel the costs is 36–50 €. 51 1.10.2 Student Affairs Office International Department: tel./fax: + 7 8152 23•31•12. e•mail: [email protected]

Head of International Department: Artur Ilyasov, e•mail: [email protected] [email protected]; tel./fax: + 7 8152 23•31•12; tel: + 7 8152 23•85•40

1.11 Murmansk State Pedagogical University

1.11.1 Name and Address

Murmansk State Pedagogical University Kapitan Egorov St. 15, RU•183720 MURMANSK, RUSSIA

1.11.2 Academic Calendar Autumn term: September 1 – December 31, Exam period: January 3 – January 25 Spring term: February 10 – May 31 Exam term: June 1 – June 28

1.11.3 Academic Authorities Deputy Rector of Academic affairs PhD, associate professor Inna A. Arkhip Tel. +78152 476419

1.11.4 General Description of the Institution Murmansk State Pedagogical University has 10 faculties and 30 chairs. Among the core topics of its scientific work are intercultural communication and the language theory; improvement of educational system taking into account regional development, and environmental protection. Currently the introduction of educational processes according to the Bologna requirements is considered as general interest. MSPU is an associate member of the Master’s programme in the field of social work and environmental engineering.

1.11.5 List of Degree Programmes Offered Natural Sciences and Geography Philology and Journalism Pedagogy and Psychology Culture and Arts Physical Education and Vital Security Physics and Mathematics Technology and Design Applied Mathematics, Programming and Economy Special Pedagogy and Psychology 52 1.11.6 Admission procedure Application can be submitted from June 16 till July 15 (budgetary places, full•time studies); from April 1 till August 30 (part•time studies with tuition fees).

Entrance exams take place from July 16 till July 30 (budgetary places, full•time studies); From May 20 till June 10 From August 10 till September 10 (part•time studies with tuition fees).

1.11.7 Grading system 5•score system of evaluation

1.12 General Information for Students at Murmansk State Pedagogical University

1.12.1 Costs of Studying and Living

The fees are: Full•time students – 47000 roubles a year Students by correspondence – 23500 roubles a year

Living in MSPU student hostel costs:

295 roubles per night in a shared room 802 roubles 40 cents per night in a single room

1.12.2 Facilities and Accommodation There is a huge library (app. 300 000 editions), and a museum for Regional Education, History and Culture is situated at the university. The University newspaper “MSPU Planet” is information channel for students. Post•graduate School is a possibility for continuation of studies.

Accommodation is organised in the Student hostel of MSPU.

1.12.3 Financial Support for Students There is a monthly allowance for full•time students (budgetary places).

1.12.4 Student Affairs Office Head of international department Inna Ryzhkova, e•mail: [email protected] Kapitan Egorov St. 15, RU•183720 MURMANSK, RUSSIA

1.12.5 Sports Facilities There are two sport gums and one weight•room at the MSPU. 53 1.13 Murmansk Humanities Institute

1.13.1 Name and Address

Murmansk Humanities Institute (MHI) Oktiabrskaya St. 3A, RU•183038 MURMANSK, RUSSIA

1.13.2 Academic Calendar Autumn term: September 1 – December 28 Examinations: January 8 – 25 Spring term: February 9 – June 7 Examinations: June 8 – 28

1.13.3 Academic Authorities Vice Rector on Academic Affairs Alexey Tretiakovich e•mail: [email protected] Tel.: +7 8152 45 55 46

1.13.4 General Description of the Institution Murmansk Humanities Institute was founded in 1994. It is a non•governmental academic institution and has 6 departments: Law, National Economy, Commerce, Foreign Languages, Journalism, Psychology. Academic staff includes 109 lecturers and professors. Number of students is 1048 full•time students and 798 part•time students.

MHI offers all kinds of higher education (full•time, by correspondence), post graduate programmes, courses for professional retraining and raising the level of professional skills, undergraduate studies (entrance exams preparatory courses) MHI has state accreditation and issues state diplomas. By request students are provided by European Diploma Supplements.

1.13.5 List of Degree Programmes Offered Jurisprudence; Commerce; National Economy; Psychology; Translation and Interpretation; and Journalism.

Postgraduate studies programmes: • Economics and National Economy Management; • Theory and history of State and Law; History of legislation; • Psychology of Development, Akmeology

1.13.6 Admission Procedure Application can be submitted from March 1 till August 30 (full•time and part•time studies). Students are admitted according to the results of the National Examination or admission tests. 54 1.13.7 Grading System 5•score system of evaluation

1.14 General Information for Students at Murmansk Humanities Institute

1.14.1 Costs of Studying and Living

The costs of studying are for full•time students 41 400 rubles a year and for students by correspondence 23100 rubles a year.

Costs of renting a one•room flat in the central part of the city is about 10 000•12 000 rubles a month. Subsistence is about 10 000 rubles a month.

1.14.2 Facilities and Accommodation There is a library, which has approximately 32020 editions. In addition there is MHI E• magazine “Lime Juice” and a Post•graduate School.

There is not provided a dormitory accommodation, medical facilities or financial support for students available on behalf of the institution. Students will organise these matters themselves.

1.14.3 Insurance MHI does not provide foreign students with medical insurance; they are supposed to obtain it by themselves.

1.14.4 Student Affairs Office Head of Student affairs office Andrey Kobzev, e•mail: [email protected]

MHI International relations office Head of International relations office Mikhail Smirnyakov, e•mail: [email protected]

1.14.5 Sports Facilities There is a sport gym.

1.15 Northern State Medical University

1.15.1 Name and Address

Northern State Medical University 55 Troitsky Ave., 51, Arkhangelsk, 163061, Russia http://eng.mstu.edu.ru

1.15.2 Academic Calendar Autumn term: September 1 – December 31, Exam period: January 3 – January 25 Spring term: February 10 – May 31

Exam term: June 1 – June 28

1.15.3 Academic Authorities Vice•Rector for Academic affairs MD, PhD, professor Yury V. Agafonov Tel. +7818285809

1.15.4 General Description of the Institution The total amount of undergraduate and postgraduate students is up to 9000. Nowadays about 9000 students study at the faculties. University buildings and clinics are provided with up•to•date equipment: computers, films and video aids, and other modern appliances. There are 55 departments, 27 of them are clinical based in the best clinics of the city. Modern equipment and apparatus • computer tomographs, angiographs, laser and ultrasonic units, endoscope equipment, equipment for radiological diagnostics and therapy, hyperbaric oxygenation, genetic, immune, biochemical and other express• laboratories • are used in clinics. All this helps to train the specialists of different profiles to meet the needs of the health care systems. Since 1993 cardiac surgeries have been conducted using the apparatus of artificial blood circulation.

The exchange of periodical and scientific publications with universities from Scandinavian countries and Germany has been arranged. The fund of foreign literature of the NSMU library consists of 10000 copies.

Arkhangelsk International School of Public health is recognized by ASPHER (EU association).

1.15.5 List of Degree Programmes Offered General Medicine Pediatric Dentistry

Public Health (Master) Medical•prophylactic

Nursery Clinical (Medical) Psychology Social Work Ecology Pharmacy Adaptive Physical Training 56 National Economy Management

Informational Technology Tourism and Hospitality Finances

1.15.6 Admission procedure Application can be submitted from June 16 till July 15 (budgetary places, full•time studies); from April 1 till August 30 (part•time studies with tuition fees).

Entrance exams take place from July 16 till July 30 (budgetary places, full•time studies); From May 20 till June 10 From August 10 till September 10 (part•time studies with tuition fees).

1.15.7 Grading system 5•score system of evaluation

1.16 General Information for Students at Northern State Medical University

1.16.1 Costs of Studying and Living

Studies cost for a full•time student up to 71500 rubles per year. One night in a shared room costs 240 rubles in the NSMU student hostel.

1.16.2 Study Facilities and Accommodation NSMU has a museum and library. There is approximately 400 000 editions in the library. There is University newspaper “Medic Severa” and University Journal “Human Ecology”.

1.16.3 Medical Facilities There is a students' Polyclinic, University Clinic.

1.16.4 Insurance A health insurance is 4000 roubles per year.

1.16.5 Financial Support for Students There is a monthly allowance for full•time students (budgetary places).

1.16.6 Student Affairs Office In the students affairs office work: Director of MediPark Yury Sumarokov, e•mail [email protected] 57 Head of international department Irina Popova, e•mail: [email protected]

1.16.7 Sports Facilities There is NSMU Sports and Wellness center (Ten sport gyms, sauna with pool) 58 2 MASTER’S DEGREE PROGRAMME IN COMPARATIVE SOCIAL WORK

2.1 Structure of Master’s Degree Programme Studies

The master’s degree programme in Comparative Social Work (CSW) consists of two• years of studies, comprising of a total of 120 ECTS credits. Studies include joint courses (80 ECTS cr.) designed and realised together with partner universities, and in addition there are studies (40 ECTS cr.) that are required for the master’s degree at the university where the student is accepted and registered.

Table 8. Credits required for degrees.

40 ECTS cr. 80 ECTS cr. 40 ECTS cr. at the Pomor Joint Studies at the University State University of Lapland for students for all students in the for students graduating from CSW programme graduating from the the Pomor State University of University Lapland 59 Table 9. General structure of the joint studies and other required studies for the degree.

If a student wishes to receive a double degree, then, in addition to the joint studies (80 ECTS cr.) s/he will need to fulfil the study requirements of both universities (40 ECTS cr. at the University of Lapland + 40 ECTS cr. at the Pomor State University). 60 Table 10. Timing of joint studies.

Course Year Period ECTS cr. Language and Society in first 1st period 3 Neighbouring Country 2009 (autumn)

Comparative Research in first 1st period 2 Social Work 2009 (autumn)

Philosophical Paradigms first 1st period 3 in Social Work 2009 (autumn)

Elective Studies below first during periods 9 are included in the and 1•5 course Applying theories partly in the practice of Social in Work second alternatives of which are asked to be chosen 9 ECTS cr.: Social Work with Youth, first begins in 5th 6 Families and Child year period protection 2010 (in August) Managing Care Services first begins in 5th 3 for Elderly Persons: year period Cross Cultural Context 2010 (in August) Multi•professional in first begins in 3rd 3 Approaches and Working year period with Addicts 2010 (in January) Health, Security and first 3 rd –4th 6 Wellbeing in the North 2009 periods (spring) E•health second 3rd Period 5 2011 (spring) Gender and Social Work second 3rd–4th 3 year periods (spring) Ethics of Social Work first 1st–2nd 3 and Its Research 2009 period (autumn) Quantitative Research first 2nd period 5 Methods 2009 (autumn)

Social Policy and Human first 3rd period 3 Rights – Theoretical 2010 (spring) Winter School International first 4th period 10 Comparative Practice 2010 (spring)

Qualitative Research second 5th period 5 61 Methods – 2010 August Methodological Summer School Comparative Master’s second 2nd–4th 37 Thesis 2010• periods 11

Table 11. Timing of studies required at the Pomor State University (40 ECTS cr).

Name of the Course Year Period ECTS cr. Federal Component: 25 History and Methodology of first autumn 8,5 Science Modern Problems of Science first autumn 8 Computer Technologies in first autumn 8,5 Science and Education Other courses: 15 Current Problems of Social first spring 6 Psychology Social Juvenology second spring 4,5 Social Intervention in Public second autumn 6 Health Pedagogics and Psychology of first spring 4 Higher Education History of the Russian Academy second spring 4,5 of Education and the Russian Academy of Sciences. History of the Higher Education Institutions of the Region

Table 12. Timing of studies required at the University of Lapland (40 ECTS cr).

Name of the course year period ECTS

Leadership and Administration in first 2•3 5 Social Work Periods Social Work Theory first 2 4 Period Training at the Social Work: Theory and Practice (21 ECTS): First meeting first 1 Period •Lectures on Social Work first 3 2 Supervision Period •Social Work Practice Training first 3•4 10 Periods •Lectures on International Social first 1•4 3 Work Periods •Integration Seminar second 1 6 Period Thesis Seminar second 1•4 10 Periods 62 2.1.1 Content of Joint Studies (80 ECTS)

Course title: Language and Society of Neighbouring Country Course code: CSWB 1 Type: Studies provided in both Finland and Russia. Level: basic Timing: first year / period 1 Credits: 3 ECTS cr. Tutors: Oksana Dmitrieva, Murmansk State Technical University; and Hannu Paloniemi, University of Lapland, other teachers to be named later Aims of the course: A student will learn the basic characteristics of the neighbouring countries’ society and also some basics of the local language. Learning outcomes1: Upon completion of the course, students will be able to communicate in simple everyday situations. The course will cover all sub•skills: pronunciation, speaking, listening, comprehension, writing, reading and grammar. The main emphasis, however, will be on understanding and speaking. Students will also formulate a better understanding of the neighbouring society. Content description: The course covers the basic structures and vocabulary of Finnish / Russian and provides an introduction to the Finnish / Russian society. In Finland, Russian students study the Finnish language and about Finnish society; and in Russia, Finnish students study Russian language and about Russian society. Required reading / study material: to be provided by lecturers Teaching methods: • language laboratory studies for Russian students in Finland 2 ECTS and lectures about neighbouring society 1 ECTS • language laboratory studies for students from the University of Lapland in Russia, 2 ECTS and lectures about neighbouring society 1 ECTS Assessment methods: Active participation in class. Final exam Grading: 1•5 / Fail

Course title: Social Policy and Human Rights Course code: CSWB 2 Type: intensive winter school in Russia Level: advanced Timing: first year / period 3

1 The meaning of writing transparently about the learning outcomes, which indicates what a student is expected to acquire as a resultafter following the course / module,is that a student and teachers can follow up what has been acquired or should have been acquired during the course or its modules. It is part of internal evaluation and at the same time part of students’ and staff’s involvement in development and updating of the studies. 63 Credits: 3 ECTS cr. Tutors: Dean Alexey Feldt, Pomor State University; Professor Kyösti Urponen, University of Lapland; and Professor Okoneshnikova Olga, Murmansk Humanities Institute. Aims of the course: The studies help a student to: • learn about social policy and its challenges in a global context • learn about Russian and Finnish social policy and the so called Nordic model • study on the cultural (includes mental) and social factors, which have effected on the development of social policy, and learn about social policy as a frame of social work • acquire knowledge about important international agreements of human rights, like declarations of human rights, women‘s rights and children‘s rights • learn about the international organisation ILO, concerning labour and its activities • learn about workers’ and employers’ rights, and social rights in the European Union • learn about the global situation on welfare Learning outcomes: After the studies a student: • understands social policy and its challenges in the global context • knows about Russian and Finnish social policy and the so called Nordic model • knows the cultural (including psychological) and social factors which have effects on the development of social policy • understands social policy as a frame of social work • knows about the situation of global welfare as well as the national challenges of welfare in Russia and Finland Content description: During the intensive course a student studies about social policy and its challenges in a global context, as well as about Russian and Finnish social policy and the so called Nordic model. S/he learns about the cultural (includes psychological) and social factors which have effects on the development of social policy. Furthermore, s/he learns about social policy as a frame of social work. A student is familiarised with important international agreements on human rights, like the declarations of human rights, women‘s rights and children‘s rights. S/he learns about workers’ and employers’ rights by studying the International Organisation of Labour (ILO) and its activities concerning labour. Thesocial rights in European Union that concern its member countries are to be studied, as well as the global situation of welfare according the United Nations’ reports from the internet. Teaching methods: intensive course, work shops (group discussions and reports), Russian and Finnish lectures on social policy in Russia (1 ECTS) and in Finland (1 ECTS). Lectures will be about social policy carried out in Russia, Finland and the Nordic countries. Development of social policy includes cultural and mental factors, which have effected on the development of social policy as background of its planning and realisation. Students write a learning journal about welfare states in the global context. For that they familiarise themselves independently with international reports on laws and situations according given instructions (1 ECTS). Required reading / study material: to be given by lecturers Assessment methods: Active participation, report, and learning journal Grading: 1•5 / Fail

Course title: Philosophical Paradigms in Social Work Course code: CSWB 3 64 Type: lectures Level: advanced Timing: first year / period 1 Credits: 3 ECTS cr. Tutors: Professor Lidiya Kriulya, Pomor State University; and a Professor of Social Work from the University of Lapland Aims of the course: To help students • understand the theoretical basis and approaches in social work • familiarise themselves with the paradigms in social work, like constructivist social work, system theory, psychodynamic and radical social work • learn the significance of theories in practical social work as well as learn to legitimize and argument the choices, and ways to apply theories in social work • build a problem solving process based on a social work theory / theories • understand how theories integrate • familiarize with practice connected with different paradigms in practice Learning outcomes: After the studies a student: • understands the theoretical basis and approaches in social work • is informed about paradigms in social work like constructivist social work, system theory, psychodynamic and radical social work • knows about the significance of theories in practical social work as well as learn to legitimize and argument the choices and ways to apply theories in social work • can build a problem solving process based on social work theory • is able to understand how theories integrate e.g. there can be a group and an individual worker at a client situation • is familiar with practice, in which different paradigms are connected Content description: During the studies students are familiarized with paradigmsin social work like, constructivist social work, system theory, psychodynamic and radical social work. They learn the significance of theories in practical social work. Furthermore, they learn to legitimize and argument the choices and ways to apply theories in social work. In so doing, they learn to use theories as tools for building a problem solving process. Russian teachers will teach about the Russian view point of philosophical paradigms, and Finnish teacher will teach about it from the Nordic approach. Teaching methods: lectures Study material: will be given by tutors Assessment methods: written examination Grading: 1•5 / Fail

Applying Theories in the Practice of Social Work (9 ECTS)

Course title: Multi•professional Approaches and Working with Addicts Course code: CSWB 4.1 Type: lectures Level: advanced Timing: first year / period 3 Credits: 3 ECTS cr. 65 Tutors: Professor Tarja Orjasniemi, lecturer Sanna Väyrynen and lecturer Marjo•Riitta Mattus, University of Lapland; and Professor Andrey Soloviev, Medical State University. Learning outcomes: After the studies a student • knows factors of risk of different kinds of dependence • knows the main social and psychological peculiarities of addictive persons • understands the differences between and main symptoms of addiction diseases • understands the role of family in prevention of alcoholism and drug abuse, and in the rehabilitation of addicts • understands the different steps in managing services for addicts and family supported services • knows possibilities of multi•professional approaches in the field of rehabilitation • understands how rehabilitation is used in increasing the quality of life of addicts and their families • has knowledge about cultural peculiarities in the rehabilitation of addicts • has basic social work and psychological support knowledge on different methods of rehabilitation for persons with alcohol and drug addiction Content description: The course covers social, psychological and medical factors of risk of addictions. In addition students will learn about screening of alcoholism and drug abuse; comparative social, cultural and epidemiological aspects of alcoholism and drug abuse; main social and psychological peculiarities of addictive persons; the role of rehabilitation in managing services for addicts; interdisciplinary cooperation in rehabilitation; international ways of rehabilitation of addicts; alcohol abuse of young and elderly people; Fetal Alcohol Syndrome; smoking; mental health promotion; primary and secondary prevention of alcohol and drug abuse; and about scientific work in alcohol and drug abuse. Teaching methods: lectures, essay, local supervision tutors at home universities Study material: Essay will be based on current research, textbooks and articles approved by responsible lectures. Assessment method: essay Grade: 1•5 / Fail

Course title: Managing Care Services for Elderly Persons: Cross Cultural Context Course code: CSWB 4.2 Type: a face to face workshop and lectures on•line Level: advanced Timing: first year / begins with a workshop on the 5th period (August 2010) Credits: 3 ECTS cr. Tutors: Professor of Social Gerontology from the University of Lapland; and Dean Elena Golubeva, Pomor State University. Learning outcomes: After the studies a student • manages the concept of quality of life and its sub arenas among older people • knows the structure of care services for elderly people in EU countries, Russia and the Barents region • understands the meaning of cultural differences in organization of care services for the elderly people 66 • knows different methods in managing services for older people (analysis of care needs, care and service plan, case management) • manages quality issues of elderly services, sees connections between quality of life and quality of care • understands differences between professionally working with elderly people and delivery of services • knows the role of gerontological social policy in working with older people and the production of services as a special area of social work • knows differences between the medical and socio•cultural concepts of old age and ageing on the background of care services • sees connections between quality of life and quality of care • understands how care management can support good care outcomes Content description: The course gives students practical and scientific readiness to outline the meaning of services for improving the quality of life of older people. While organising services are especially emphasised, needs caused by national and cultural distinctions in different countries are included. The students are guided to critically and carefully scrutinize all medical and broader socio•cultural views that form the background of services. Different professions connected with old people are studied especially by asking what their meaning in producing services is. Consideration is especially given to the tasks, values and methods of gerontological social work. In addition, the factors affecting the profitability of old people services will be studies. Students will study the structure of services in the EU, Russia and the Barents region. Required reading / study material: (more alternatives will be given by professors) • Mollenkopf & Walker: Quality of life in old age. International and multidisciplinary perspective (2007) • Vaarama, Pieper & Sixmith: Care•related quality of life (2007) • Vaarama & Piper: Managing integrated care for older persons (2005) • Vaarama & Kautto: Social protection for the elderly in Finland (1999) • Phillps & Care: Key Concepts (2007) • Phillips, Ray & Marshall: Social work with older people (2006) • Naujaniene: Social construction of entering clienthood in gerontological social work (2007) Teaching methods: Lectures (20 h), essay, 4 hour seminar (5th period in 2010) Assessment method: essays, seminar participation Grading: 1•5/F

Course title: Social Work with Youth, Families and Child Protection Course code: CSWB 4.3 Type: a face to face work shop, lectures on line Level: advanced Timing: first year / begins with a workshop on the 5th period (August 2010) Credits: 6 ECTS cr. Tutors: Lecturer Ulla•Maija Rantalaiho, and Professor Merja Laitinen, University of Lapland; Lecturer Olga Zviagina, Petrozavodsk State University; and Lecturer Elena Shovina, Murmansk State Pedagogical University. Learning outcomes: 67 • to understand political and cultural contexts of youth, families and child protection generally and particularly • to understand different kinds of social problems met by children, youth and families in Finland, Russia and in the global context • to understand different, social service systems and legislation, social work strategies met by individuals, families and communities, and interventions: prevention; • supportive non institutional care – child, youth and family specific; substitute care – institutional placements; after care • to understand differences and similarities and to know best practices of both countries • to understand developmental aspect concerning child protection including perspectives of advancing the system in the best interest of child and family • to develop their competencies in strategic•planning, implementation, and decision making critical thinking and creative abilities Content description: The course includes three parts: 1) cultural and societal environment as an arena of everyday life, 2) social problems met by children, youth, and their families, and 3) social work intervention strategies. Ethical questions and professional reflection is included in every part. There is an increasing need for social work expertise in the questions of children, young people, and child protection both locally, nationally, and globally. The course includes basic questions related to families and the conditions for raising children, i.e. legislation, policy, local and national decision• making. For example, what kind of cultural and societal environments do our families and children live their everyday life? The role of social work is central in confronting marginalisation processes met by families, children and youth in everyday life, i.e. with poverty, income problems, criminalization, intoxicant abuse, physical, sexual, emotional violence or abuse and other social problems which can be intertwined. Here we are asking what problems social work faces with children, youth and their families. The third part of the course consists of intervention strategies of social work. What meaning preventive intervention, psychosocial work, multidisciplinary co•operation, and networking of services have in both urban and rural environments? How can social work support children, youth and families in changing environments and societies? What are the ways to support people’s self•management and strengthen their own resources? Required reading / study material: will be given by tutors Teaching methods: a starting workshop in August in 2010 and continues as on line course Assessment method: essay Grade: 1•5 / Fail

Course title: Gender and Social Work Course code: CSWB 4.4 Type: on•line course Level: advanced Timing: second year / spring 2011 Tutors: Lecturer Lidiya Kriulya, Pomor State University; and a Professor of Social Work from the University of Lapland. Credits: 3 ECTS cr. Learning outcomes: The course provides a new way of looking at issues such as gender in the profession and practice of social work. It includes a science•based and integral 68 conception of the socio•cultural foundations of gender studies in order to realize the gender approach both in research and practice of social work. The course gives students the readiness to understand the contribution of feminism to critical social work practice, and outlines how to analyse, for example, how care, domestic violence and other social problems are met by social workers of different gender. Content description: During the course, students are familiarized with current problems, studies of differences in sexes, and the development of philosophical and public ideas of men and women. In addition the course includes: the evolution of gender studies; men and women in socio•cultural systems; the analysis of the theories of gender socialization; gender ideology and gender policy; legislation providing equal rights and opportunities for both sexes; overcoming sexist, racist, nationalistic and other discriminating stereotypes; sex and gender in the context of dichotomy “Nature • Culture”; gender stereotypes in culture; and gender aspects of social work. Required reading / study material: will be given by tutors Teaching methods: on line course Assessment method: essay Grade: 1•5 / Fail

Course title: Health, Security and Wellbeing in the North Course code: 353002 A Type: on•line course Level: advanced Timing: first year / period 3 Credits: 6 ECTS cr. Tutor: Arja Rautio PhD, University of Oulu Learning outcomes: After passed this course a student: • understands the social, health and wellbeing aspects in connection to global change (incl. cultural biodiversity) • understands the effects of climate change to the health and wellbeing of population/community/individual levels (e.g. infections, climate hazards, contaminants) • is able to identify the adaptation mechanisms and future scenarios Content description: Physical environment, population characteristics and social structures have special features in northern circumpolar areas. The ongoing changes in the climate, the environment and the social structures have significant influence on the health, security and wellbeing of Northern residents, as well as on the cultures across the borders in the Northern region. This causes special demands for higher education within this subject, and there is a considerable need to provide capabilities for Northern residents to face these challenges. These include higher mortality and disease rates of the population and high amount of disability pensions compared to more southern locations. Small communities are threatened by high unemployment rate, limited sources of livelihood and deficits in infrastructure. The positive development of health and wellbeing in the north requires new approaches and technologies to improve living conditions and habits and health care services. Teaching methods: on•line course Assessment methods: written examination, diary 69 Grade: Pass / Fail

Course title: E•health Course code: 040200 Y Type: on•line course Level: advanced Timing: second year / period 3 Credits: 5 ECTS cr. Tutor: Ilkka Winblad, University of Oulu Learning outcomes: After having completed and passed the course, a student has adopted basic knowledge on: • the terms and concepts of medical information technology (ICT) • the role of ICT in the health care of an information society • electronic patient record and the architecture of data network • the applications of ICT in the delivery of health care services • the use of ICT in the education • visions for the future Content description: The transfer from a paper•based workflow to an electronic environment in health care has created an increasing need for the education in tele•health. A web course offers teaching at any time and anywhere. It demands, however, careful design, computing skills of students, coverage and maturity of the technology, and interactivity between the students and teachers. Teaching methods: on•line course Assessment method: written examination Grades: 1•5 / Fail

Research Methods in Social Work (15 ECTS):

Course title: Qualitative Research Methods Course code: CSWB 5 Type: intensive course and independent studies under individual or group supervision, discussions with teachers, learning journal Level: basic Timing: first year / period 5 Credits: 5 ECTS cr. Tutors: Professor Juha Perttula, Professor Merja Laitinen, Professor Pekka Räsänen Aims of the course: The course helps a student to: • become familiar with the basic methods, including case study; ethnography, ethno methodology; focus group method; discourse analysis; content analysis; and narrative methods (life history) • familiarise with the research process of qualitative research with the help of given tasks like data collection and transcriptions • practice skills to make text analyses and interpretations • understand ethical problems of qualitative research methods 70 • acquire technical skills of qualitative research methods • acquire skills to apply software programmes for qualitative research • acquire skills to present results of qualitative research • learn the significance of subjectivity in qualitative research Learning outcomes: After the studies a student: • knows the application fields of qualitative research • knows the basic research methods of qualitative research • knows the background theories of qualitative methods and research process • knows ethical problems of qualitative research methods • can make qualitative analyse and present his / her results • can plan and conduct qualitative research • understands the significance of subjectivity in qualitative research Content description: Familiarization of the basic theories approaches behind qualitative research. S/he studies the research process of qualitative research, like data collection and transcriptions. S/he practices skills to make text analysis and interpretations by exercising technical skills of qualitative research methods as well as skills to apply software programmes for qualitative research. At the end of the course a student exercises how to present results. Furthermore, the student learns about ethical problems of qualitative research and the significance and position of subjectivity in qualitative research. Required reading / study material: will be given by tutors Teaching methods: Intensive international summer school course, with teaching consisting of lectures, workshops and exercises. The results of workshops and exercises are presented by students. In addition to the literature, students will use different qualitative research software. Supervision of learning journals will be done by home universities. Assessment method: learning journal Grades: 1•5 / Fail

Course title: Quantitative Research Methods Course code: CSWB 6 Type: research methods, on line course, lectures (visiting lectures and video conference) Level: basic Timing: first year / period 2 Credits: 5 ECTS cr. Tutors: Lecturers Marianne Silen, and Lecturer Pekka Vasari, University of Lapland; Docent Marina Kubyshkina, Pomor State University Aims of the course: The course helps a student to: • study the basic philosophical theories of quantitative research • understand ethical problems of quantitative research • learn how to use the SPSS software through exercises • study the quantitative research process • learn how to use different research material of quantitative research through exercises • learn how to collect material, make and deliver forms • learn to use the primary material, which they create themselves; and the secondary material that are statistics, which others have created • learn to apply statistical descriptive methods to express research results with the help of charts and tables, and so on 71 • learn what descriptive and multi•variable methods area and how statistical tests are used • learn about decision making in the quantitative research, and considering the validity and the reliability of the research Learning outcomes: After the studies a student: • can plan and realise quantitative research process • can apply statistical methods and skills to decision making in statistical research • knows ethical problems of quantitative research • can present results of quantitative analysis • has skills to apply PC software in quantitative research • can create and handle quantitative research material Content description: The basic philosophical theories and ethical problems of quantitative research are familiarised. The whole quantitative research process is studied step by step: how to collect material, make a form, deliver it etc. Furthermore, the use of different research materials of quantitative research is exercised by using the primary material what they create themselves and the secondary material created by others. The student will use in his / her own primary material the theme that is on the field that student will do his / her thesis. A student learns and exercises the use of the SPSS software: what are; and how to use the statistical descriptive methods, multivariable methods and statistical tests; and how to carry out the decision making in quantitative research and to show the validity and reliability of the research. Finally a student learns how to express results with the help of charts and tables and so on. In the report a student describes the form making; material collecting; methods that they used for analysing; how they applied a multivariable method and how presented the results. Required reading / study material: will be given by tutors Teaching methods: on line course, seminars and workshop exercises, lectures (visiting lecture and dialogue) and videoconference, students produce a report according small given tasks. In the report they will apply, what they have learned. Assessment methods: Students write a report in English but statistics and data can be in native language. Grades: 1•5 / Fail

Course title: Ethics in Social Work and Its Research Course code: CSWB 7 Type: on line and lectures Level: advanced Timing: first year / periods 1–2 Credits: 3 ECTS cr. Tutors: Professors from the University of Lapland. Aims of the course: The studies help a student to become familiar with: • different ethical theories connected with social work • the significance of ethical principles in social work practice • the principles of non•discriminative social work • the responsibility of a researcher • the ethical principles in different countries Learning outcomes: After the studies a student: 72 • knows about ethically dangerous matters • knows about the significance of the ethical principles in social work • knows about the ethical principles in different countries • understands the principles of non•discriminative social work • can be a responsible researcher Content description: Students will read, compare and think about cultural factors in ethics. They will find from the Internet information on ethics with interpretations of following associations: The World’s Social Workers Association as well as associations of social worker’s in Australia, Great Britain, Canada, America (NAASW), and Europe (Finland included). They also learn about multicultural social work. Students are also informed, how to find information about ethical principles in research from the Internet. Required reading / study material: will be given by tutors Assessment method: essay Grades: 1•5 / Fail

Course title: Comparative Research in Social Work Course code: CSWB 8 Type: on line course Level: advanced Timing: first year / period 1 Credits: 2 ECTS cr. Tutors: Professor Tuula Heinonen, University of Manitoba; and Professor Kyösti Urponen, University of Lapland Aims of the course: Studies help a student to: • know how to realise comparative research • understand problems of comparisons • learn how to use quantitative and qualitative methods of comparative studies • get familiar with results of different comparisons concerning social welfare models, social policy, social service and social work models; and study these models according to quantitative and qualitative material • learn about social welfare and social policy in global context Learning outcomes: After the studies a student: • understands why comparisons are needed • knows problems of comparison • knows quantitative and qualitative methods of comparison • knows different social welfare, social policy, social service and social work models • knows on welfare policy in global context Content description: During the study module a student study, how to conduct a comparative research. In so doing s/he learns about the problems of comparisons and how to use quantitative and qualitative methods in comparative studies. A student familiarise with the research results of different comparisons concerning social welfare models, social policy, social service and social work models as well as study the mentioned models by using quantitative and qualitative material. A student learns about social welfare and social policy in the global context. Study material: will be given by tutors 73 Teaching methods: on•line course; and local supervision tutors at the home university; and exercises and essay Assessment method: examination on line Grades: 1•5 / Fail

Course title: International Comparative Practice Course code: CSWB 9 Type: practice training abroad connected with theory Level: advanced Timing: first year / period 4 Credits: 10 ECTS cr. Tutors: Professor of Social Work, University of Lapland;and Dean Elena Golubeva, Pomor State University. Practise teachers and academic lecturers. Tutors for practice will be from the University of Lapland for the students who will do the practice in Rovaniemi. Tutors from the Karelian Pedagogical University and the Petrozavodsk State University are for students who will study in Karelia. Tutors in Russia will work with the professors in the University of Lapland and in the Pomor State University, because these two universities will give the MA degree. Practice is closely involved with the research methods and master’s thesis. About master’s thesis are in charge professors in the University of Lapland and Pomor State University. Aims of the course: The studies help a student to: • deepen the skills to work independently and responsible under supervision in practice • learn from work guidance and understand its meaning in social work • apply social work theories and ethical principles in practical work situations • have experience in multi•professional collaboration and influence activity • have multicultural understanding connected with social work skills • deepen comparative understanding Learning outcomes: After the studies a student: • has deepened his / her skills to work independently and responsible under supervision in practice • is informed about work guidance and understands its meaning in social work • can apply social work theories and ethical principles in practical work situations • has learned about multi•professional collaboration and influence activity • has multicultural understanding connected with social work skills • has deepened comparative understanding Content description: The deepening of social work skills means that a student independently applies social work theories and ethics in different work situations. During the study module a student familiarizes with the work guidance and its use as a tool of learning and development. A student acquires experience of multicultural social work as well as multi•professional collaboration and influence activity. The module deepens comparative understanding. Teaching methods: field visits; practice training under supervision for 5 weeks; work guidance and its sessions; learning journal (the instructions of the journal will be given by the academic teachers) and report to the home university 74 Assessment methods: how a student works in foreign culture and carries out multicultural social work, assessment will be according the university where a student is registered

Course title: Comparative Master’s Thesis Course code: CSWB 10 Type: comparative research in comparative research project, students will do projects together Timing: second year / autumn and spring semesters Credits: 37 ECTS cr. includes Planning of Master’s thesis (7 ECTS); Master’s thesis under supervision (14 ECTS); and Comparative Master’s thesis Tutors: Professor of Social Work in the University of Lapland and professor Raisa Danilova in the Pomor State University Aims of the course: Studies help a student to: • understand the nature of social work as an applied social science • understand ontological issues in social work research • understand epistemological issues in social work research • understand social work research ethical issues • learn critical thinking and its use in the research of social work • learn to carry out the research process and write a research report Learning outcomes: After the studies a student: • understands possibilities and limitations of research in developing social work • knows the traditions of research in his /her own thematic fields • understands ontological and epistemological questions in own research field • understands normative and ethical issues of research • can make a research plan and conduct a research process on the basis of the plan • can make research report • can interpret results and write the text, which introduces them Content description: Students write Master’s thesis, during the course they learn to carry out a research process and write a research report. They write the thesis in English. The research theme can be about social work, social security, social problems and societal changes, which affect social work and its position. They learn to integrate theory and practice. This course develops a student as a researcher and a practical social worker. Research can be connected with a development project of social work. Thesis is written under individual supervision or guidance given in a group. Supervision is given e.g. once in a week and the duration of one session is about 1•2 hours. The thesis is normally 70• 100 pages minimum, depending on the theme. It should not be over 120 pages, or the research is badly defined. Teaching methods: The thesis can be written alone or in a group, maximum 2 persons, e.g. one student in the University of Lapland and one in the Pomor State University collect material separately. Then they analyse and write report together in English. For a group thesis, each writer’s independent contribution should be indicated. A thesis can also be a collection of different high quality texts written during various study phases, and their summary. The thesis is written under individual supervision or guidance given in a group. Assessment methods: Recommendations of opponents to the faculty meeting Grading: approbatur – laudatur / Fail 75 2.1.2 Studies at the University of Lapland (40 ECTS) (University of Lapland, Department of Social Work)

Course title: Social Work Theory Course code: SSOS1312 Type: Lectures and reading literature Level: advanced Timing: first year / period 2 Credits: 4 ECTS cr. Tutors: Professors Aims of the course: Studies help a student to • understand the theoretical foundation of social work, as well as its status in a globalizing and reflective modern society • integrate theory and practice • acquire the skills to act as a social worker in a problem solving situation • identify the possibilities of research in developing social work, and in affecting society • know non•discriminative principles of social work, as well as ethical principles in social work, and its research Learning outcomes: After the studies a student • understands the theoretical foundation of social work • understands the status of social work in the globalizing and reflective modern society • can analyse and consider the different alternatives of social work • has formed a whole picture of the social work as a profession; and its functional environment; and the problems causing the needs of social work; and social work as a problem solver and motivator • masters non•discriminative and ethically high quality theoretical principles of social work Content description: Studies deepen the understanding of social work theories; the readiness to reflect on a problem solving process in social work; and the conceptualizing of the social work functional environment. The readiness to reflect in social work is developed by studying the theoretical basis, and the ethical questions of social work. During the period are studied issues, which increase the skills of a student to conduct reflective social work, and research oriented way to work. In addition, a student learns a normative background of social work, and its ethical basis. S/he gets familiar with the basic condition of non•discriminatory social work. Reading connected with studies creates a foundation for conceptualizing social work. With the help of reading a student deepens his or her knowledge on social work theory, ethical and value basis, as well as social work as a problem solving process. Required reading (2 ECTS cr.) can be chosen from following, choose two books according advice of professors Fook: Social Work – Critical Theory and Practice (2002) or Pease & Fook: Transforming Social Work Practice: Postmodern Critical Perspectives (1999) Parton & O’Byrne: Constructive Social Work – towards a new practice (2000) or Gambrill: Social Work Practice. A critical thinker’s guide (1997) Adams: Social Work and Empowerment, (2nd. ed. 1996) or Lee: The empowerment approach 76 to social work practice: building the beloved community (2001) ISBN: 0231115482 or Mullaly, B. The New Structural Social Work: Ideology, Theory, Practice (2006) IBSN 0• 19•541906•5 Banks: Ethics, accountability, and the social professions (2004) ISBN 0 333 751663 Clark: Social Work Ethics, Politics, Principles and Practice (2000) ISBN: 0•333•71934•4 or Hugman & Smith (eds.): Ethical Issues in Social Work (1996) ISBN: 0•415•101093

Teaching methods: Lectures on social work theories (16 t / 2 ECTS cr.) and literature (2 ECTS cr.) Assessment methods: The way to earn lectures will be informed later. Literature can be earned by participating in examination or by writing an essay on given theme. Grading: 1•5 / Fail

Course title: Leadership and Administration in Social Work Course code: SSOS1322 Type: Lectures and alternative methods defined by the professor Level: advanced Timing: first year / periods 2–3 Credits: 5 ECTS Teacher: Professor of Social Work Aims of the course: Studies help a student to: • perceive how the inner mastery of social work effects on administration, planning and conduction • understand the challenges of societal change to conduction and guiding practices • know different theoretical basis and models of leadership and organisation • recognize meanings of cooperation, networks and communication for leadership • analyse socioeconomic issues of the administration and leadership in social work • understand the meaning of information production and evaluation in conducting activities and services Learning outcomes: After the course a student • can analyse leadership, guidance and administration as parts of social work • understands the challenges for the practice of leading and guiding, that are created by societal changes • perceives how conduction, guidance and administration are connected with the change in social and welfare services • masters the theoretical basis of conduction and the actions of organisations • can analyse the core role of cooperation and communication in the conduction practice of social work and services • analyses societal issues and issues connected with leading of expertise and quality of services within administration and leadership • perceives leadership as action, which is based on researched knowledge and continuous evaluation Content description: During the course are studied leadership, guidance and administration in social work and social services. The basis is to recognize the change in the relation between social work and public sector as challenge to leadership and administration. Furthermore, it is important to understand that conduction in social work and social services is action that presupposes knowing theories on leadership and 77 administration. Studies include an analysis of different action and cooperation in actor level, nets in action and communication issues. Simultaneously, issues on quality development connected with actions are pursuit to recognize. The focus is on developing administration in social work and social services from the client viewpoint. This is based on researched knowledge and evaluation on action. Required reading / study material: (alternatives and choice of readings provided by professor): Vaarama & Pieper: Managing Integrated Care for Older Persons. European perspectives and good practices (2005) s. 7–131. Jochimsen: Careful Economics. Integrating Caring Activities and Economic Science (2003) Teaching methods: Introductory lectures 16 h (1 ECTS cr.). Other methods for earning 4 ECTS cr. will be defined by the responsible professor. Assessment methods: Participation in lectures and seminar working; as well as producing an accepted seminar work in small work groups. Grading: 1•5 / Fail

Course title: Training in Social Work: Theory and Practice Course code: SSOS1323 Type: practice Level: advanced Timing: part 1•4 first year / part 5 second year Semester: first meeting during period1, lectures and practice teachingduring periods 3 and 4, integration seminar in second year, during period 1 Tutors: professors, lecturers, practical teachers who work as social workers and teachers Credits: 21 ECTS cr.: 1) Lectures on supervision and expertise before the practice placement period (2 ECTS cr.) 2) Social Work Practice Training in Finland (5 weeks / 10 ECTS cr.). This includes supervision and lectures on social work phenomena and methodology. 3) Lectures on international social work (3 ECTS cr.): Lectures are given by the visiting teachers from other countries than Russia.A student will write a short diary on lectures s/he participates in; and gives it to the lecturer in charge of the lecture at the department of social work. Timing is depending on lecturers’ visits, this course is possible to study during the first year from the period 1. A student writes diary on lectures and gives it to the lecturer who is in responsible in lectures. 4) Seminar on integrating theory and practice (6 ECTS cr., timing second year 1st period) for further information please look at page 115 appendix 2 Aims of the course: the course helps a student to • act independently and responsibly in social work under work guidance • apply and integrate the theory of social work and the ethical principles in practical learning situations • learn about (work guidance) supervision and understand its meaning in development of professional expertise • have a command of the customer work done in social work, and to acquire experience in multi•professional collaboration and influence activity 78 • learn to bring out his / her skills as social work expert in social distribution of work • understand the significance of research to social work, to assimilate the readiness to research and develop one’s own work (readiness to research•based development of one’s own work), and to conduct, in practice, social work research • deepen the knowledge and command of social work methods Learning outcomes: After the studies a student • has the ability to act as an independent, responsible and informed social worker • can apply and integrate in practice learning situations ethical principles and social work theory • understands the meaning of work guidance in development of professional expertise • understands his/her role as a social worker in relation to the customers, his/her colleagues, the representatives of other professions, different service organisations, and more extensively, to the whole society • has the skills to bring out his/her social work expertise in social distribution of work • understands the meaning of research to social work and has learnt the readiness to develop own work by research • has deepen the knowledge and command of social work methods Content description: The main objective of studies is to deepen the understanding of social work theory, practice and research, and to integrate these fields more tightly. In practice, this objective means the integration of social work theory, social science research and the conducting of social work. The aim is that a student can further develop the practical skills of social work and write a thesis for a master’s degree. The deepening of social work practical skills means that a student independently applies social work theory and ethics in different work situations. The study module is targeted at developing a conscious social worker, who begins to rely on his or her competence; and understands the profound special know•how and the expertise of social work. The study module focuses on development of the kind of work attitude that helps a social worker to question and critically assess her/his own work. One essential part of the course content is to deepen the formation of knowledge connected with social work. This means a proper understanding of social work research objects and approaches. During the study module a student’s readiness to conduct research and to write a thesis is strengthened. During their studies, students become familiar with work guidance and its use as a tool of learning and development. A personal study plan is developed during the course. Teaching includes theory and training under supervision (guidance) at the teaching centre. The later means that teaching is transferred from the university to the social work practice centres. The expertise of social work forms, readiness for research and reflective estimations are deepened during the course. This study module ends with an integration seminar, during which students write a seminar paper, where it is possible to connect this work with ones Master’s thesis. During the training period (theory days), students undertake the analysis of a customer case with the continuous interaction of a practice teacher (work guide), a social work teacher and a student are used as tools for teaching. Required reading: students read one of the references (below) before lectures about supervision and expertise in social work: Karvinen•Niinikoski, Synnöve (2004) Social work supervision contributing to innovative knowledge production and open expertise. In Gould, N & Baldwin, J (ed.) Social Work, Critical Reflection and the Learning Organisation. Aldershot: UK pp. 23 – 39. (PR) or Karvinen•Niinikoski, Synnöve (2005) Research orientation and expertise in social work 79 challenges for social work education. European Journal of Social Work, Vol. 8, No. 3, September 2005, pp. 259•/271 .

Course title: Thesis Seminar Course code: SSOS1321 Type: workshop Level: advanced Timing: second year / periods 1–4 Tutors: Professors Credits: 10 ECTS Aims of the course: The course helps a student to • deepen their readiness to conduct research • to know about societal theories and their application possibilities in own research • understand ontological issues and epistemological phenomena in social work research • understand the research ethics and norms in social work research • consider research phenomena of social work research in relation to the historical, structural, social and local context of his / her own research • promote his/her own (master’s thesis) research project • possess the process of social work research Learning outcomes: After the course a student • is able to realise the different phases of research process • knows about societal theories, and their application possibilities in own research • understands ontological issues and epistemological phenomena in social work research • understands the ethical and normative problems of research making • can consider research phenomena of social work research in relation to the historical, structural, social and local context of his / her own research • possesses the different phases of research process; knows how to analyse results; and have the skills to continue writing of the research report Content description: The aim of this course is to support the thesis production. A student will get readiness for independent scientific working and writing. Working in a seminar is a creative form of cooperation during which the research project of each participant is developed collectively. Every participant produces own text and questions for the common discussions. The aim of the seminar is to guide a student towards his / her final and ready thesis. Required reading / study material: 3 ECTS (professor can give more alternative Layder: Sociological Practice Linking Theory and Social Research (1998) ISBN: 0• 7619•5429•5 0•7619•5430•9, and Silverman: Interpreting Qualitative Data: Methods for Analysing Talk, Text and Interaction (1993) ISBN 0•8039•8757•9 or Coffey: Making Sense of Qualitative Data. Complementary Research Strategies. Sage (1996) ISBN 0•8039•7052•8 Teaching methods: Seminar and workshops (literature is as part of workshops) Assessment methods: Supports writing of thesis 80 2.1.3 Studies at the Pomor State University (40 ECTS)

Course title: History and Methodology of Science Course code: Russian code Timing: first academic year / autumn semester Tutors: Professor Credits: 8,5 ECTS cr. Aims of the course: to study the functioning of scientific development, structure and dynamics of scientific activity, interaction of science with other social institutes, and spheres of material and spiritual life in society. Content description: The basic stages and factors of occurrence and formation of scientific knowledge, and the nature and types of scientific knowledge. Scientific and unscientific knowledge, and the problems of scientific identification of theories. Methodology of scientific knowledge: essence, structure, stages, the general and specific methods of process of research; concept, specificity of knowledge of the theory and practice of social sciences. The forms, methods and means of knowledge, and designing and planning in social sciences. The scientific approach to theory, history and practice of social activity. Historical and modern features of the European approach and methods of the scientific analysis of the social validity. Teaching methods: Lectures and a practical training, a writing of control research work at the given course, testing Assessment methods: active participating in lectures and seminars, oral or written exam Required reading / study material: 1. Ȼɪɸɯɚɧɨɜ, ɘȺ. ɇɚɭɤɚɜɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦ ɦɢɪɟɊɨɫɫɢɹɜɝɥɨɛɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɸɳɟɦɫɹɦɢɪɟ (2006), ɉɨɞɪɟɞ. Ɏɏ. ɋɨɤɨɥɨɜɨɣ, Ⱥɪɯɚɧɝɟɥɶɫɤ, ɋ.6•16. 2. Ʉɨɜɚɥɟɜ, ɘɘ. (2002) Ƚɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɹɦɢɪɨɜɨɣɧɚɭɤɢ. ɍɱɟɛɧɨɟɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ, Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ. 3. Ɇɢɤɟɲɢɧɚ Ʌ. Ⱥ. Ɏɢɥɨɫɨɮɢɹɧɚɭɤɢ : ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹɷɩɢɫɬɟɦɨɥɨɝɢɹ, ɦɟɬɨɞɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ : ɭɱɟɛ. ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ / ɅȺ. Ɇɢɤɟɲɢɧɚ. • Ɇ.: ɉɪɨɝɪɟɫɫ • Ɍɪɚɞɢɰɢɹ; Ɇ.: Ɇɉɋɂ; Ɇ.: Ɏɥɢɧɬɚ, 2005. 4. ɊɭɡɚɜɢɧȽ. ɂ. Ɏɢɥɨɫɨɮɢɹɧɚɭɤɢ : ɭɱɟɛ. ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟɞɥɹɫɬɭɞ. ɜɭɡɨɜ / Ƚɂ. Ɋɭɡɚɜɢɧ. • 2•ɟɢɡɞ. • Ɇ. : ɘɇɂɌɂȾȺɇȺ, 2005 5. Ɏɟɣɟɪɚɛɟɧɞɉ. ɂɡɛɪɚɧɧɵɟɬɪɭɞɵɩɨɦɟɬɨɞɨɥɨɝɢɢɧɚɭɤɢ / ɉɟɪ. ɫɚɧɝɥ. ɢɧɟɦ (1986), Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ. Grading: exam, scale 3–5 / Fail Language of instructing: Russian

Course title: Modern Problems of Science Course code: Russian code Timing: first academic year / autumn semester Tutors: Professor Credits: 8 ECTS cr. Aims of the course: to form modern scientific world view; to show main tendencies and problems of the modern scientific idea in the social and humanitarian sphere. 81 Content description: Subject, world view and methodical specifics of natural, humanitarian, social and technical sciences. The essence, principles, functions and types of social activity. Social work as a kind of social activity. Historical, synergetic, praxeological, personal, and other problems of social work. Main modern scientific conceptions and models, and the tendencies and problems of development of modern scientific knowledge in the social and humanitarian sphere. Teaching methods: lectures, seminars, work in small groups Assessment methods: active participation in lectures and seminars, written assignment• based credit; oral or written exam Required reading / study material: 1. Ɂɚɩɟɫɨɰɤɢɣ Ⱥɋ. Ɉɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ, ɮɢɥɨɫɨɮɢɹ, ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɨɥɨɝɢɹ, ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɚ. – Ɇ.: ɇɚɭɤɚ, 2002 2.ɋɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɮɢɥɨɫɨɮɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ, ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ• ɝɭɦɚɧɢɬɚɪɧɵɯ ɧɚɭɤ : ɭɱɟɛɧɢɤ ɞɥɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɩɨɫɥɟɜɭɡɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɮ. ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜ. / ɪɟɞ. ȼȼ. Ɇɢɪɨɧɨɜ. • Ɇ.: Ƚɚɪɞɚɪɢɤɢ, 2006 3.Ɏɢɥɨɫɨɮɢɹɧɚɭɤɢ : ɨɛɳ. ɤɭɪɫ : ɭɱɟɛ. ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟɞɥɹɜɭɡɨɜ / ɋȺ. Ʌɟɛɟɞɟɜ, Ⱥɇ. Ⱥɜɞɭɥɨɜ, ȼȽ. Ȼɨɪɡɟɧɤɨɜ [ɢɞɪ.] ; ɪɟɞ. ɋȺ. Ʌɟɛɟɞɟɜ. • Ɇ.: Ⱥɤɚɞɟɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɉɪɨɟɤɬ ; Ɇ. : Ɍɪɢɤɫɬɚ, 2004 4.Ɏɢɥɨɫɨɮɢɹ ɧɚɭɤɢ : ɨɛɳɢɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɩɨɡɧɚɧɢɹ, ɦɟɬɨɞɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɝɭɦɚɧɢɬɚɪɧɵɯɧɚɭɤ : ɯɪɟɫɬɨɦɚɬɢɹ : ɭɱɟɛɩɨɫɨɛɢɟɞɥɹɝɭɦ. ɢɧɟɝɭɦ. ɧɚɩɪ. ɢɫɩɟɰ. ɜɭɡɨɜ / Ⱥɇ. Ⱥɜɟɪɸɲɤɢɧ, ɁȺ. Ⱥɥɟɤɫɚɧɞɪɨɜɚ, ȼȺ. Ȼɚɲɤɚɥɨɜɚ [ɢ ɞɪ.] ; ɨɬɜ. ɪɟɞ.• ɫɨɫɬ. ɅȺ. Ɇɢɤɟɲɢɧɚ ; Ʉɚɮ. ɮɢɥɨɫɨɮɢɢɆȽɉɍ. • Ɇ.: ɉɪɨɝɪɟɫɫ • Ɍɪɚɞɢɰɢɹ ; Ɇ.: Ɇɉɋɂ ; Ɇ.: Ɏɥɢɧɬɚ, 2005 5. ɏɚɬɱɢɧɫɨɧȽɸɧɧɋɬɪɚɧɞ, Ɉɥɬɟɞɚɥɋɢɜ. Ɇɨɞɟɥɢ ɜɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣɪɚɛɨɬɟɢɡɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɤɨɜɤɨɞɧɨɦɭɩɨɥɸ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ: ɉɟɪ. ɫɧɨɪɜɟɠ / ɉȽɍ; ɉɨɞɪɟɞȾɚɧɢɥɨɜɨɣ Ɋɂ.•ȺɪɯɚɧɝɟɥɶɫɤɉȽɍ,1999. Grading: oral or written exam Language of instructing: Russian

Course title: Computer Technologies in Science and Education Course code: Russian code Timing: first academic year / autumn semester Tutors: Professor Credits: 8,5 ECTS cr. Aims of the course: to acquaint with directions and use of computer models in the sphere of social and humanitarian research and the system of social work. Content description: Main directions of using computer technologies in social and humanitarian research and in social education. Specifics of social and humanitarian research methods with the use of computers. Ways of intensification of social and humanitarian research and principles of education in the view of perspectives of using international computer networks. Types of computer models, technological stages and methods of computer research in the system of social work. Teaching methods: lectures, and practicum Assessment methods: project assessment, oral or written exam Required reading / study material: 1. Ɂɚɯɚɪɨɜɚɂɂ. ɂɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ. 82 Ɉɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ 21 ɜɟɤ: ɂɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɢ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ. Ɇ: ɇɚɭɤɚ, 2000 2. ɇɚɭɤɚɢɜɵɫɨɤɢɟɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢɊɨɫɫɢɢɧɚɪɭɛɟɠɟɬɪɟɬɶɟɝɨɬɵɫɹɱɟɥɟɬɢɹ: ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ• ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱ. ɚɫɩɟɤɬɵɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ / ɊȺɇ. • Ɇ.: ɇɚɭɤɚ, 2001 3. ɇɨɜɵɟɢɧɮɨɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢɜɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɭɦɚɧɢɬɚɪɧɵɯɧɚɭɤɚɯɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ: Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪ. ɢɧɬɟɪɧɟɬɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɢ, ɩɪɨɯɨɞɢɜɲɟɣ 15.01• 29.03.2002 ɧɚ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɩɨɪɬɚɥɟ / ɂɧɬ Ɉɬɤɪɵɬɨɟ " ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɨ"; Ɋɟɞ. Ⱥɇ. Ʉɭɥɢɤ. • Ɇ.: Ʌɨɝɨɫ, 2003 Grading: scale 2–5, written or oral examination Language of instructing: Russian

Course title: Current Problems of Social Psychology Course code: Russian code Timing: first academic year / spring semester Tutors: PhD, Associate Professor Kubyshkina M.L. Credits: 6 ECTS cr. Aims of the course: to cover some current problems of social psychology (theoretical, methodological and applied); create an integral concept of social psychology, tendencies in its modern development and of its present status in the system of scientific knowledge. Content description: acquaintance with traditional theoretical and methodological problems of social psychology; idea of current global and in particular Russia’s tendencies in studying problems of social psychology; acquaintance with problems connected to practical aspects of social work, while using the complex study of a person and the importance of studying their socio•psychological peculiarities for the sake of specialists in social sciences and humanities. Teaching methods: lectures, seminars, work in small groups. Assessment methods: active participation in lectures and seminars, assignment•based credit; oral or written examination. Required reading / study material: 1. Belinskaja E.P., Tikhomandritskaya O.A. Social psychology of a personality. Moscow, 2001 300 pages. 2. Kunitsyna V.N., Kazarinova N.V., Pogolsha V.M. Interpersonal communication. Saint•Petersburg, 2001, 544 pages. 3. Pochebut L.G. Psychology of social communities Saint•Petersburg, 2002. P. 69•164. 4. Pronin I.P. Psychological aspects of destructive cults’ influence on personality// Questions of Psychology 2003, Number 6. P. 81•92. 5. Sidorenkov A.V. The modern state of the “small•group” psychology overseas; development tendencies and problems// Questions of Psychology, 2003, 6. P.81•92. 6. Terner G. Social influence. Saint• Petersburg, 20003. P.35•240. Grading: scale 2–5 Language of instructing: English/Russian

Course title: Social Intervention in Public Health Course code: Russian code Timing: second academic year / autumn semester 83 Tutors: Doctor of Medicine, Professor M.Kh.Shraga Credits: 6 ECTS cr. Aims of the course: to formulate a scientifically grounded and systematic idea of the modern problem state and strategies of public health. Content description: idea of systematic and interdisciplinary character of primary medical aid and social work with various population groups; systematization of methodological and theoretical foundations of epidemiological research in medical aid; development of understanding of individual and population strategies of social interferences. Teaching methods: lectures, seminars, work in small groups, working with ICT. Assessment methods: active participation in lectures and seminars, report, oral or written examination. Required reading / study material: 1. ɒɪɚɝɚɆɏ., ɄɭɞɪɹɅ.B/ ɋɦɢɪɧɨɜɇɄ. ɍɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɠɢɡɧɟɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɥɸɞɟɣ: ɍɱɟɛɧɨɟɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ. – Ⱥɪɯɚɧɝɟɥɶɫɤ: ɉɨɦɨɪɫɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ, 2004 2. ɒɪɚɝɚ, Ɇɨɢɫɟɣɏɚɣɦɨɜɢɱ. ɋɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟɜɦɟɲɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ : ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɢɨɰɟɧɤɚ : ɭɱɟɛ.•ɦɟɬɨɞ. ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ / Ɇɏ. ɒɪɚɝɚ, Ʌɂ. Ʉɭɞɪɹ ; Ʉɚɮ. ɫɨɰ. ɪɚɛɨɬɵɉȽɍ, ȺɈ ɂɉɉɄɊɈ, Ʉɚɮ. ɨɯɪ. ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜɨɛɪɚɡɨɜ. ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ. • Ⱥɪɯɚɧɝɟɥɶɫɤ: ɢɡɞɜɨ ɉȽɍ, 2004 3. Licitsyn Y.P. The theory of medicine at the turn of the 21•st century. – Moscow, 1998. 4. Fundamental foundations of healthcare policy/ Ed. By O.P.Shchepina. – Moscow, 1999. •397 pages. Grading: scale 2–5, oral or written examination Language of instructing: Russian

Course title: Social Juvenology Course code: Russian code Timing: first academic year / spring semester. Tutors: PhD, Associate Professor Rybak Y.V. Credits: 4,5 ECTS cr. Aims of the course: to give students a clear idea of socio•political processes, related to the youth in the Russian Federation and in the world community; to provide students with systematic knowledge in the sphere of social juvenology and state social policy. Content description: consideration of the main directions, mechanisms and technologies of realization the state youth policy in the Russian Federation, peculiarities of social policy regarding the youth as a socio•demographic population group. Teaching methods: lectures, seminars, work in small groups, educational games. Assessment methods: active participation in lectures and seminars, oral or written examination Required reading / study material: 1. Zapesotski A.S. The youth in the modern world: the problems of individualization and socio•cultural integration. – Saint•Petersburg, 1996. 350 pages. 84 2. Kovaleva I.A. The concept of the socialization of the youth: norms, deviations, socializational trajectory// SocIs. – 2003. – Number 1. 3. Kovaleva A.I., Lukova V.A. The sociology of the youth: Theoretical aspects. – Moscow: Socium, 1999. – 351 pages. 4. Konstantinovsky D.L. The youth and education between the freedom of choice and necessity / Education and science under reformation: Sociological analysis / Edited and compiled by D.L. Konstantinovsky, L.P. Verevkin. – Moscow, 2003. – 432 pages. 5. Omelchenko Y.L. “”The youth: an open question” – Ulianovsk: The publishing house “Simbirskaja book”, 2004. – 184 pages. 6. Pavlovski V.V.: Juvenology: the project of an integrated science about the youth. – Moscow: Akademic project, 2001. – 304 pages. Grading: scale 2–5 Language of instructing: Russian

Course title: Pedagogics and Psychology of Higher Education Course code: Russian code Timing: first academic year / spring semester Tutors: Professor Credits: 4 ECTS cr. Aims of the course: to provide with psychological and pedagogical knowledge and skills, necessary both for professional activities of a teacher as well as for the better understanding of interpersonal relations, shaping of a humanistic world•outlook and encouraging personal development. Content description: construction of the notion of an active and creative character of the human psyche and ranking of personality as the highest value, which excludes any manipulation or use of human beings as a tool; giving a general idea of the history and current state of higher education in Russia, definition of final and intermediate goals of higher education, and ways of their achievement, providing means of pedagogical control over efficiency of the educational process and achievement of a set pedagogical goals; professional characteristics of teachers in the sphere of higher education. Teaching methods: lectures, seminars, creative projects, portfolio Assessment methods: active participation in lectures and seminars, oral or written examination Required reading / study material: 1. Zhukov V.I. University education: History, Sociology, Politics. – M., 2003. 2. Ladyzhets N.S. Philosophy and practice of the University. – Izhevsk, Publishing House of Udmurtia University, 1995. 3. Pedagogics and psychology of higher education/ Ed. by M.V.Bulanova•Toporkova. – Rostov•upon•Don; Feniks, 2002. 4. Smirnov S.D. Pedagogics and psychology of higher education: from activity to personality. – M.: Aspect•Press, 1995; 2001, 2003. Grading: scale 2–5, oral or written examination Language of instruction: Russian 85 Course title: History of the Russian Academy of Education and the Russian Academy of Sciences. History of Higher Education Institutions in the Region Course code: Russian code Timing: second academic year / spring semester Tutors: Professor Credits: 4,5 ECTS cr. Aims of the course: to acquaint with the history development of the national academic science, and peculiarities of the scientific institutions formation; to form a broad professional outlook and a humanistic world view; to facilitate Masters’ value and personal identity in their professional pedagogical activity; to develop a culture• conformable vision of research activities; to show the originality of development of higher education and scientific activity on the territory of the Arkhangelsk Region. Content description: History of the Russian Academy of Sciences foundation. Peter the Great’s idea of the triunity: academy•university•high school. M.V.Lomonosov and the Academy. The Academy of Sciences under Ekaterina II. Ekaterina Dashkova – the president of the Academy. The Russian Academy of Sciences in the 19 century. Transformation of the Russian Academy of Sciences into the Academy of Sciences of the USSR and its history. The Russian Academy of Sciences at the current stage, and the structure and main directions of its activity. Foundation and transformation of the Academy of Pedagogical Sciences of the USSR, including the structure and main directions of its activity. Transformation of the Academy of Pedagogical Sciences of the USSR into the Russian Academy of Education. Current structure, goals and tasks of the Russian Academy of Education. Members and corresponding members of the Russian Academy of Education. Teaching methods: lectures, seminars, work in small groups Assessment methods: active participation in lectures and seminars, test Required reading / study material: 1. ȽɟɪɲɭɧɫɤɢɣȻɋ. Ɏɢɥɨɫɨɮɫɤɨɦɟɬɨɞɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɜɊɨɫɫɢɢ. • Ɇ., 1993. 2. ɂɫɬɨɪɢɹɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɢɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɦɵɫɥɢɡɚɪɭɛɟɠɨɦɢɜɊɨɫɫɢɢ / ɩɨɞɪɟɞ. Ɂɂȼɚɫɢɥɶɟɜɨɣ – Ɇ., 2001.; 3. ɅɟɬɨɩɢɫɶɊɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣȺɤɚɞɟɦɢɢɧɚɭɤ. ɋɉɛ. 2000•2002. Ɍ.1•2.; 4.ɇɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹɞɨɤɬɪɢɧɚɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɜɊɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣɎɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ. • Ɇ.2000.; 5. ɄɨɡɵɪɟɜȼȺ. ɉɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɤɚɤɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɣɜɜɵɫɲɟɦɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ. – ɋɉɛ, 2005 Grading: pass / fail, test Language of instruction: Russian

2.2 Contacts

Concerning the practical matters like general issues about studying the contacts are:

At the University of Lapland: Faculty of Social Sciences and Faculty of Business and Tourism 86 Ms. Minna Nousiainen, International Coordinator tel: +358•16•341 2685 fax: +358•16•341 2600 [email protected] [email protected]

Ms. Jaana Severidt, Head of International Student Services, International Office tel: +358•16•341 2245 fax: +358•16•341 4222 e•mail: [email protected]

At the Pomor State University: International Office Head of the International Office Ludmila Neyman E•mail: [email protected]

Tel. + 7 8182 62 33 49 Fax: + 7 8182 23 80 86 E•mail of the International Office: [email protected]

Visiting hours: Monday • Friday 11.00•15.00 Visiting address: 56 Uritsky str., Arkhangelsk

Others: Concerning the programme and courses the contacts are (see table below):

Table 13. Academic and administrative contacts at the universities.

University academic, e•mail administrative, e•mail University of Professor of Social Planner [email protected] Lapland Work forename.surename@ ulapland.fi Pomor State Raisa Danilova, Elena Golubeva, Dean University Professor [email protected] [email protected] Oulu Arja Rautio, Professor Kirsi Latola, Research Co• University [email protected] ordinator [email protected] Murmansk Andrew Sergeev, Inna Ryzhkova, PhD, Head State Professor, Vice•rector of Int. department. Pedagogical of Science and [email protected] University Strategic Planning [email protected]. ru Northern Andrey Soloviev, Yury Sumarokov, MD State Medical D.Sci., Professor, Vice•Rector for Int. Relations University Dep. Director [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] 87 ASoloviev1@ yandex.ru

Murmansk Olga Okoneshnikova, Mikhail Smirnyakov, Humanities Assosiate Professor, Head of Int. Relations Office Institute Ph.D [email protected] [email protected] Murmansk Yuri Kuznetsov, Dean Arthur Ilyasov State [email protected] [email protected] Technical University Petrosavodsk Olga Zvyagina, Liudmila Kulikovskaya, Head State Professor of Directorate for Int. University [email protected] Cooperation [email protected] Karelian Alexander Fedorov, Galina Posnova, Head of State Vice•rector Directorate for Int. Pedagogical fedorov@ Cooperation University kspu.karelia.ru [email protected] 88 3 GUIDELINES AND INSTRUCTIONS FOR STUDYING JOINT STUDIES

3.1 Principles

The Master’s Degree Programme in Comparative Social Work is part of Barents Cross Border University. It follows the principles of Bologna process. The main aim is to create a European Higher Education Area by 2010. Then students can choose from many high quality courses and get benefit from clear recognition procedures. To develop the programmes and their transparency feed•back is needed from students as well as teachers.

For a student good academic practices are very important to get the best possible benefit of the studies for the future. Very difficult can be recognise and avoid plagiarism. Below are some points to recognise and avoid it according the material collected by International studies centre at the University of Lapland (2007).

What is Plagiarism? Most of the plagiarism committed by students is accidental and mainly due to their ignorance about what constitutes plagiarism. If one does not know exactly what plagiarism is, one cannot avoid doing it. This short guide is intended to illustrate what plagiarism is in all its forms. There are several different types of plagiarism: 1) Copy and Paste plagiarism; 2) Word switch plagiarism; 3) Style plagiarism; 4) Metaphor plagiarism; and 5) Idea plagiarism.

1) Copy and Paste plagiarism is: Copying text directly from the Internet, printed material, manuscripts or any material produced by Copying texts or any printed material, manuscripts or other material produced by other people. The use of direct translation from other languages without proper references to the original. To avoid copy and paste plagiarism one must use quotation marks and cite the author and article any time one uses a sentence or significant phrase from a source. 2) Word switch plagiarism is: Copying text from a source, only making minor changes to it. Such changes include switching word order or using synonyms. To avoid word switch plagiarism one must use quotation marks and cite the author and article any time one uses a sentence or significant phrase from a source. 3) Style plagiarism is: The use of a source or an author’s reasoning sentence by sentence or paragraph by paragraph just by paraphrasing the content. To avoid style plagiarism one must use the source material only to emphasize the point you make. 4) Metaphor plagiarism is: Copying the metaphors of another author to ones own article. (For instance if one cannot come up with ones own metaphor to illustrate an important idea, one can use the metaphor in the source material, but give the author credit for it.) To avoid metaphor plagiarism one must remember to give credit to the original author of the metaphors. 5) Idea plagiarism is: Presenting another author’s ideas as ones own without giving credit to the original author. To avoid idea plagiarism one must remember to give credit to the author of the idea. For information of general knowledge, no credit is needed. If one is not certain whether the idea is general knowledge or not, one should name the author. Here “General knowledge” refers to any idea or solution that people in the field accept as general knowledge. 89 (Source: Barnbaum, Cecilia (undated): A Student’s Guide to Recognizing It and Avoiding It. Valdosta State University. USA. . Consulted 2.8.2006. Dr. Cecilia Barnbaum by ISC ULapland)

3.2 Teaching methods

The studies include compulsory and elective studies. In addition, there are courses on web environments, intensive courses by visiting lecturers, a summer and winter school, student visits, and a period of practice training abroad to acquire experience on multicultural social work in the neighbouring country. The programme courses and surpervision are conducted in English, and Master’s thesis research projects will have jointly organised supervision. 3.3 Personal Study Plan and Learning Agreement

Personal Study Plan When students enter the CSW programme they will be assisted in making a Personal Study Plan (PSP), where all courses taken either at host or exchange universities will be scheduled. The study plans will be accepted by responsible professor, and according to that agreement all studies will be fully recognized by partner universities.

Learning Agreement The Learning Agreement has been developed for mobile students, spending a limited period of time at a university in another country. The Learning Agreement contains the list of course units or modules which the student plans to take. For each course unit/module the title, the code number and the ECTS credit are indicated. The Learning Agreement has to be signed by the student, the person who has formal authority to commit the home institution, and by an equivalent authority in the receiving institution who thereby guarantees that the incoming student can study the planned course units/modules. The Learning Agreement guarantees the transfer of credit for courses passed successfully by the student. The competent body or authority of the home university carries out the recognition on the student's return. The student does not need to negotiate recognition with individual professors. The Learning Agreement, together with the Transcript of Records is designed to guarantee complete recognition.

3.4 Assessments and Grades

Each course is assessed according the scale written on the curriculum. Depending on the course there can be one, two or more teachers who give the assessment.

3.5 Certificates

In the end of the Master’s programme students get their Master’s Degrees from their home universities (universities where they were accepted and registered) with the studies of joint international programme listed in a Diploma Supplement.

In addition to it they get Certificates of Cross Border University. If a student completes also the compulsory courses of the foreign partner university, s/he can get a second diploma from there. 90 3.6 Special Issues

Inequality Matters, Interruption of Studies Feel free to contact your university’s BCBU contact person in following problems: If there is a case of mistreatment in grading. If your studies seem to delay for some reason (maternity/parental leave, illness, etc.) or you are not continuing your studies. 91 APPENDIX 1

General Guidelines for Academic Writing by the International Studies Centre at the University of Lapland, in 2007

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

1 Introduction 93

2 Definitions of written assignment 93

2.1 General Information 93 2.2 Lecture Journal 94 2.3 Essay 95 2.4 Learning Journal 95 2.5 Research Papers 96 2.6 Written Examination 97

3 Format of written assignments 99

3.1 General Information 99 3.2 Cover Page 99 3.3 Table of Contents 100 3.4 List of References 100 3.4.1 Monographs 101 3.4.2 Academic Articles 102 3.4.3 Other References 102 3.4.4 Preferred Styles 103 3.5 Appendices 104

4 Structure and technical format of written assignments 105

4.1 General Information on structuring written assignments 105

4.2 General guidelines for formatting written assignments 105 4.2.1 Spacing, Fonts and Margins 105 4.2.2 Paragraphs 105 4.2.3 Page Numbering 106 4.2.4 Headings 106 4.2.5 Tables, Diagrams, Graphs and Pictures 106 4.2.6 Appendix 107

5 Citing reference 107

5.1 General Information 107 5.2 Quoting Text form a Book: “The usual case” 108 92 5.3 Quoting Edited Books 108 5.4 Quoting Sentences and Paragraphs 109 5.5 Other Important Things to Remember when Quoting 110

6 Academic writing in English 111

6.1 General notes on writing and how to get started 111 6.2 Some notes on language issues 112 6.2.1 Spelling and language 112 6.2.2 Verb tense and active versus passive voice 112 6.2.3 Punctuation and other common grammatical errors in English 112 6.2.4 Other grammatical rules to keep in mind while writing in English 113

List of References 113 93 1 INTRODUCTION

Studying at a Finnish university can at times be very different from studying at other universities. Besides differing in teaching methods, (academic) manners and terminology used, various practical matters of the Finnish academic system can take a little while to get familiar with. Hence, the purpose of this booklet is to help new students familiarise themselves with the aspect of “academic writing” as practiced in the system of study here at the University of Lapland.

This booklet contains basic information about the different types of written assignments; how to format, arrange and technically structure written assignments; and how to correctly cite and use references in ones work. Besides these central issues, some general rules about writing in English can be found at the end of the booklet.

It is important to note that the information, guidelines and examples presented in this booklet are only general and that each Faculty and Department at the University of Lapland can have their own preferences on how to use references or format and present written assignments. More information about Faculty or Department specific written assignment guidelines is often provided by the course tutor and /or available in the outline of each individual course.

2 DEFINITIONS OF WRITTEN ASSIGNMENT

2.1 General Information

Studying in the Finnish university system requires a fair amount of individual (academic) writing, as a variety of written assignments are widely used. The basic study unit of the Finnish study system is a “course” that typically consists of series of lectures with a written assignment or an exam at the end. Most courses are also individual parts of a larger study unit called a “study module” that often concentrates on a theme or a topic (e.g. Applications of Social Work). Most study modules include a variety of courses that the students can freely choose from to complete, for instance, the required 9 ECTS credits for the whole study module.

Although different universities, faculties and disciplines, might have some variation in preferred style and format of written assignments, in the Finnish academic system there are some general standards that all written assignments should follow. The most important things to keep in mind while studying are a) that one should use good academic manners; b) one should never present someone else’s text or thoughts as one’s own, and; c) one should be consistent in the style and format used.

Examples of different types of written assignments are lecture journals, essays, learning journals, research papers and written examinations. Definitions for each of these types of written assignments are presented in the next chapter.

All written assignments must be comprehendible meaning that words should be spelled properly, sentences should be complete and meaningful, and paragraphs should be coherent. Written course assignments can be submitted to the course tutor either in paper format or via email, according to the agreement between the tutor and the student. 94 Nevertheless, students must always retain the original text(s) until evaluation of the course has been completed.

All Finnish universities use numeric grading scales and, at the University of Lapland, the scale used is from 5 (excellent) to 1 (sufficient). Please note that some courses give only a pass/fail grade without any further grading, in which case only the mark ‘Pass’/‘Fail’ will appear on the transcript. Generally, students can expect results from written exams, essays and other written course requirements within three to four weeks of the date of the exam or deadline for written assignments. If this is not possible, the course tutor should inform the students of a new date before the original deadline has passed.

It is important to keep in mind that academic dishonesty such as plagiarism is an extremely serious offence and will subject the student to disciplinary action.It is plagiarism to quote another'swords or ideas without referring to them. Also incorrect documentation, failure to cite onessources or simply relying way too heavily on external sources is considered as plagiarism.

For plagiarising a student will receive a failing grade for the assignment with plagiarized work, and if a student plagiarizes an entire paper (a copy of another), he/she will be failed from the course in question. In addition, depending on the severity of the misconduct, the student can temporarily be expelled from the university or receive a written warning from the Rectorof the University of Lapland. For visiting and exchange students, this could also mean that student’s the home institution will be informed of the misconduct. Further references on differentforms of plagiarism are available in Appendix 1 at the back of this document.

2.2 Lecture Journal

A lecture journal is usually required when there is no specific exam for a lectured course. The objective of a lecture journal is to bring out the essential contents of the lectures, presentations, and discussions provided during contact lessons, and to supplement this with ones own comments and views. In other words, a lecture journal should always be more than just a copy of lecture notes in a narrative form. Lectures should be commented and evaluated critically, and additional questions and well founded contemplations should be included in it. In order to do this, one can use additional literature, articles and other materials to help comment on the lectured subject.

Completing a lecture journal generally requires a written assignment approximately five (5) pages in length. Depending on the lecturer and the amount of credits gained from the course, the length of the journal can vary. In some courses, the lecture journal can also be done as a group work, but this should always be agreed upon with the tutor of the course before hand. In case of group work the individual lecture journals should additionally include the discussions of the group.

Here are some questions, which could be considered while writinglecture a journal: What kind of thoughts or questions did the lectures give you? In your opinion, what was the most important message of the lectures? What kind of objections did you have and why? Was there something you did not understand? 95 Were you able to connect the lectures to your previous studies / knowledge of the topic? And if so, how?

2.3 Essay

Besides written exams,essays are also commonly used as written course assignment; however the use of written essays as a course requirement can vary depending on the course. For example, a written essay can be a mandatory part of a certain course or study module or it can be a voluntary assignment with which a student can compensate, for example, certain parts of courses or course literature. An essay can also be a partial study attainment in a special course, working group or a seminar, in which case a 10 • 15 minutes long oral or written presentation of the essay to all participants of the course is usually required.

If a student wants to compensate part of a course or some required course literature with an essay, then he/she should discuss the subject, contents, length and deadline of the proposed essay with the tutor of the course before hand. The length of an essay depends upon the amount of credits the student wants to compensate, but usually it varies from eight (8) to fifteen (15) pages.

An essay is never just a written summary of a course or a book. Rather, an essay should answer questions set by the student or argue for a statement or viewpoint that he/she has posed. In doing this, a student should use the knowledge gained from the course lectures or other materials agreed upon before hand with the tutor of the course. Furthermore, as most courses are open to students at different academic levels (Bachelor, Masters and Doctoral students), the requirements for an essay paper may vary between each of these levels. Detailed information on course specific essay paper requirements is usually provided by the course tutor at the beginning of a course.

In evaluation of an essay, the things that count the most are: Presentation of a problem or originality of the statement The ways of arguing for the statement or the answers to the posed questions Factors that show credibility, independent insight and originality Correct use of sources and references together with a coherent overall style

2.4 Learning Journal

A learning journal is also currently used in teaching and training at the University of Lapland. A learning journal is an analytical record of a student’s learning process that may be tied to an individual subject in a course or a particular topic within a subject. A learning journal may also be about the experience and process of learning throughout a course in general. Paper based journals are typically reviewed by other students or the tutor of the course at the end of the learning period. The purpose of a learning journal is to help the student to follow and analyse his/her own learning process and to fulfil (preset) individual study goals by the end of the course. When evaluating ones own learning through out a course, a learning journal should include the content of the course together with a student’s own reflections, thoughts and comments about the topic and lectures. In contrast to a lecture journal, a learning journal is expected to include more personal commentary on the individual process of learning during the course. As examples, these questions can be considered when writing a learning journal: * In the beginning of the course: 96 What are the things that you should and would like to learn about this topic? What are the questions and issues that in your opinion should be addressed with regards to this topic? How important do you consider this topic to be and why? * During the course: What did you learn today at the lecture and what are the things that possibly need clarification? Are you able to connect the information of the lectures to a wider context and your previous knowledge or experiences on the topic? Are your personal opinions on the topic actively involved in your learning process or do you try remain objective? * At the end of the course: What did you learn from this course? How well in your opinion did you reach your personal goals of the course? What are the things that you would still like to learn about this topic? The use of, and requirements for a learning journal are either available in the formal outline of a course or provided by the course tutor at the start of the course.

2.5 Research Papers

A research paper is an analytical essay of a given or chosen topic or issue. Generally, research papers are not as common a course requirement as are essays or exams; but rather, a research paper is often a requirement in (advanced) workshops and seminars. In this respect, and depending on the course in question, a 10 – 20 minutes oral presentation of the research paper, and a critique of another course participant's research paper could also be a mandatory part of this type of assignment.

As opposed to just reviewing or summarizing existing sources or literature on a given topic, a research paper analyses a perspective or argues a point. By placing an issue or a topic in a broader context or theoretical perspective, a research paper can take either an argumentative or analytical approach on an issue and use logic, arguments and source information as evidence to support its points. In general, writing a research paper involves a significant amount of independent research and synthesizing what one learns from it with ones own ideas. Depending on the preferences of a certain discipline, and /or the particular instructions by the course tutor, the requirements for a research paper may vary. For example, the length of a research paper may vary depending on course objectives and the amount of credits gained from the course. Furthermore, as most courses are open to students at different academic levels (Bachelor, Masters and Doctoral students), the requirements for a research paper may vary between each of these levels. More information on course specific research papers requirements is usually provided by the course tutor at the beginning of a course.

The greatest danger inherent in doing a research paper is plagiarism. If a student's paper consists of a string of quotations or paraphrases with little input of his/her own, the student is not synthesizing but copying, in which case he/she should expect a low grade. If any of the borrowings are not acknowledged, then the student is plagiarizing and the penalty could be far more severe. For further reference on different forms of plagiarism see Appendix 1 at the back of this document. In the evaluation of a research paper, the things that count the most are: Presentation of original views with the support of arguments and source information Factors that show credibility, independent research and originality 97 Correct use of sources and references together with a coherent overall style

2.6 Written Examinations

At the University of Lapland, the academic year comprises of two semesters. The autumn semester lasts from the 1st of August to the 31st of December, and spring semester from 1st of January to 31st of July. Teaching during the academic year is divided into five study periods that in length vary from 7 to 10 weeks. Written exams are held at the University of Lapland throughout the academic year, so there is no particular exam period at the end of each term. There are two types of written exams: course exams and general exams. Course exams are held upon completion of a course, and the tutor of the course will inform the students of the date, time and place of the exam. In general, course exams are held in a class or seminar room, but can sometimes also be held as a take home exam. Advance registration is usually not required for this type of exam.

General exams of the Faculty or Department are held every three to four weeks, and one must register in advance to attend a general exam. On these predefined examination dates, a student can, for example, take an exam based on the individual study of a set of books from the course catalogue.

The deadline forgeneral exam registration is approximately 10 days before the actual exam date. Registration can be done either through the WebOodi System or by using the special “examination envelopes”. When choosing the latter, students are responsible for submitting the completed exam envelope in the appropriate (faculty or department) drop off box by the registration deadline. If the registration envelope is not properly filled in or is submitted late, then the examiner has the right to discard the registration.Note: all faculties and departments are gradually phasing out the use of the examination envelope; therefore students are advised to check with their academic coordinator on what options are available to them.

The questions of an exam depend on the type of the exam. Course exam questions can vary from essay type questions to multiple choice questions.

General exam questions are often essay style questions but also short questions can be used. Depending on the extent of a given course, students have from two to four hours to answer the examination questions. Books and other reference materials are not allowed in general or course exams unless other wise agreed with the tutor of the course. Generally, dictionaries are not allowed in exams, however any exceptions can only be granted by the course tutor in advance. Please note that before registering for an exam, students must always agree on the detailed requirements of the exam with the tutor of the course.

The main thing to keep in mind with essay type questions is that essentially the tutor of the course wants to see that the student knows the material well enough to make a critical judgment upon it, and not that one can throw out a collection of unrelated details. Sometimes an essay type question may include a quotation, statement or affirmation that the student is asked to discuss. "Discuss" here does not mean "make sure that you agree with the quotation"; rather it is to open the topic for exploration. It often is that the student's response to the quotation will be to suggest a modification of it, rather than an unquestioning agreement with it. Whether one agrees or disagrees with the given quotation, be sure to support the position taken. Nevertheless, the more information one 98 is able to recall and use effectively the better, but one should always remember to relate what one writes to the question itself.

Failing an exam on the first try does not mean that one has failed a course entirely. Course exams can be taken again two more times after the first try. There is no advanced registration required forany of the course exams. Generally, the course tutor informs the students about these two additional course exam dates at the beginning of the course. The additional two course exam days can also beused for improving ones grade if unsatisfied with the existing one. Out of these additional tries, the tutor of the course will take into consideration the best grade when giving the final grade for thecourse. As for general exams, there is no limit on retaking a Faculty or Department exam as these exams can be retaken during the academic year on any of the general exam days listed individually for each Faculty or Department. The students must however remember that advance registration to general exams need to be done approximately 10 days before the actual exam day. Like with course exams, additional general exams can be used to improve ones final course grade.

The students can expect the grades from exams generally about three weeks after taking the exam. All grades can be viewed on the bulletin boards of each Faculty or Department and the student’s personal WebOodi account.

A good answer on an essay type question includes: A clear beginning followed by a body of text where one actually answers the question; a clear end that summarizes the main points relating to the question or concludes and states the student’s thoughts and reflections on the subject and required reading; and literally shows that the student has read the book(s) or required material for the exam. One way of doing this is to, in your answer, refer to particular part of the book or text.

* Things to know before taking a General Examination Before entering the examination hall, each student will receive an envelope containing the exam questions. A few sheets of answering paper are usually included with the exam questions but if a student thinks that he/she might need more, the student should pick up some extra sheets (which are usually found at the from of the exam hall) before beginning to write the exam. The envelopes can only be opened onceall the students are in the hall and permission to open the envelopes has been granted by the exam supervisor(s).

All examinations begin on the hour (i.e. 9:00 / 13:00). Students who arrive more then 30 minutes past the hour will not be allowed to enter the examination hall. Students can leave the examination earliest 30 minutes after the exam in the hall has started.

During an exam, students can only have writing material on or around their working area, which means that bags or other personal items such as a cellular phone, PDA, laptop computer, are not allowed. The use of dictionaries or programmable calculators is only allowed if permission is granted by the student’s examiner (course tutor). In which case, such permission must be noted on the examination envelope itself.

Once completed, answers to the examination questions have to be returned inside the envelope and taken to the examination supervisor. Upon doing so, each student has to provide proof of his/her identity when returning the envelope. 99 Cheating, including receiving or giving answers to another student during an exam, is strictly forbidden. University rules require that if a student is caught cheating in an exam, then heor she can be immediatelyremoved from the exam and thus possibly failing the entire course. If cheating is noticed after the actual examination, the tutor responsible for grading the exam/course may fail the student from the course. Depending on the severity of the misconduct, the studentmay also be temporarily expelled from the university or receive a written warning from the Rector ofthe University of Lapland. For visiting and exchange students, this could also mean that thestudent’s home institution will be informed of the misconduct.

3 FORMAT OF WRITTEN ASSIGNMENTS

3.1 General Information

The content of written assignments can vary, but basically all written assignments include the following items in the following order: 1. Cover page 2. Table of contents 3. The actual written part of the assignment 4. List of references 5. If necessary; figures, tables, and appendices

3.2 Cover Page

A cover page should contain the following information (see sample cover page on the next page): 1. Information on the University (Faculty and Major subject or Study program) should be marked on the upper left corner of the page. 2. Title (the assignment title should be placed in the middle of the page). 3. Course work information goes in the bottom right hand of the page, which is to include the Course Code; Course Title; and Date submitted (this can be either the date the assignment was handed in, or in case it is a seminar paper, then the date it is presented in the seminar). 4. Finally the students Name; student Number; and the name of the course tutor or assignment supervisor. If an opponent has been assigned to comment on the work, then the name of the opponent should be indicated as well. Note: For an academic Thesis (BA, MA, etc.) the information provided and the structure of a “Title Page”is different than what is indicated above. For further details, refer to the thesis writing guidelines provided by the Faculty you are studying in.

University of Lapland Faculty of Social Sciences International Relations Title of the Assignment KAES#### / Seminar 24.09.2007 Student’s name: Student number: 100 Supervisor: Opponent:

3.3 Table of Contents

The use of a Table of Contents (TOC) is really only recommended for longer (> 10 pages) and more structured (use of headings, subheadings, etc.) assignments. For a table of contents one can use ready formats from the word processor program used. Here is an example of how a table of contents should be constructed:

Table of Contents Page 1 HEADING 3 1.1 Subheading 3 1.1.1 Second subheading 4 1.1.2 Second subheading 5 1.2 Subheading 6 2 HEADING 7 2.1 Subheading 7 2.2 Subheading 8 REFERENCES 9 APPENDICES Appendix 1 11 Appendix 2 12 FIGURES Figure 1 2 Figure 2 4 TABLES Table 1 2 Table 2 3

3.4 List of References

A central element of academic writing is the use of references, and the purpose for using references is to reveal the origin of, for example, an idea, theory or a fact. In addition, references also help the reader to find more information on the topic by checking the reference. However, and more importantly, references are important because they allow the reader to identify which part of text is the author’s/student’s own analysis, discussion or information based on his/her own research, and which part of information is from other sources such as books or articles. Hence, one must include a citation (to each and every reference) into the text whenever the informationpresented originates from a written or other identifiable source.For detailed instructions on how to properly cite references, go to Section 5. Citing References.

At the University of Lapland, the most common reference styles used are the American Psychological Association (APA) style, which uses parentheses in the text with a separate list of reference at the end of the paper, and the Modern Language Association (MLA) style, which uses footnotes or end notes. Unless otherwise informed, the students may use either one of these styles, but nevertheless it is important to remember to be consistent in using only one for any given assignments. 101 For all intent and purposes, a list of references (also know as a “bibliography” or “literature list”) is written on a separate page and is placed in the document after the written part of an assignment. The heading of the reference page(s) should beReferences, and the list of references is not given a heading number in the table of contents. All books and articles listed in the list of references must have been used in the written assignment and a citation in the text is needed for all of them.

In the list of reference, each reference should be listed in alphabetic order according to the surname of the author of the book, article or some other material. If for whatever reason you are unsure of what name the source should fall under, then as a general rule you should indicate the name according to how the work/source is found in the library. When there is more than one reference from the same author, then these should be listed in chronological order. If there are several sources from one author published within the same calendar year, then use a letter (beginning with “a”) to separate them (e.g. 2001a, 2001b, 2001c etc.).

More and more, the Internet is becoming an important source for reference material, therefore, it is equally as important to present these sources properly in the list of references. If a student has used an Internet sources in his / her work, then he/she must mark the date when he/she retrieved the information from the Internet, and the complete URL –address. If one does not know the name of the author of the text, then one should mark the organisation or community who has produced the text in the place of the author. Still if not available on the webpage itself, then one can also refer to the origin or title indicated in the file Properties“ ” [from the pop down menu on your internet navigation program, go to the “File” option where the properties option will be found].

Although differences can be found between faculties and departments in the preferred style of presentation, there are certain general rules for formatting specific information sources, for example with monographs, articles, internet sites or personally conducted interviews. On the following pages students will find more detailed information about how to correctly reference these different kinds of sources in the list of references. Additionally there also are some examples of the preferred styles used by the departments of International Relations, Sociology and Administrative Science.

3.4.1 Monographs Monographs are usually separate publications that mainly discuss one topic. In the list of references monographs should be marked as following: 1. The surname and the first name of the author in the form as they are written in the publication. (Use initials for the first names, if that is the way they are written in the publication). Include the names of all authors. 2. Year of publication of the edition that was used. If there are many editions of the same book it is advisable to mention also the publication year of the very first edition. Depending on the style used it can be marked for example this way: 1999 (1800) or this way: (1800/1999). 3. The name of the publication with possible subtitle. 4. The name and number of publication series if the book is part of a publication series. 5. Possible (public) authority involved in the publication, for example the University of Lapland (see example below). 102 6. Publisher and the city of publication. One can leave out abbreviations, such as Inc., Ltd, or GmbH, from the name of the publisher. In case there are several towns mentioned, one can use the first one or the one situated in Europe. For example: Keskitalo, Carina (2002): Constructing “the Arctic” – Discourses of international regionbuilding. Acta Universitatis Lapponiensis 47. Lapin yliopistopaino. Rovaniemi.

3.4.2 Academic articles Academic articles that can be found, for example, in monthly publications, journals, books or online, should be marked in the list of references as following: 1. The name (surname, then first name) of the author of the article, 2. Year of publication, 3. Name of the article as explained above, 4. Name of the journal or the edited volume that the article was published in, 5. With edited volumes you should also include the information concerning the editor and other information. The edited book will not be included as a separate reference in the List of References, if there are no references to the book as a whole in the text, 6. Number of the Journal and possible volume (for example World Politics, Vol. 4 July 1989) 7. Page numbers of the article in the journal or edited volume For example: Gutsol, Natalia & Larissa Riabova (2002): Kola Saami and Regional Development. In edition Conflict and Cooperation in the North, Kristiina Karppi & Johan Eriksson (eds). Norrlands universitetsförlag i Umeå,Umeå. pp. 251267.

3.4.3 Other References *Newspaper and magazine articles For newspaper and magazine articles one can follow the same instructions as for academic articles. *Conference publications and presentations With published conference publications, students should follow the same basic instructions as for academic articles. However, when referring to a conference presentation that has not been published online or in any kind of printed publication one should follow these instructions: 1. The name of the presenter 2. The year when the presentation took place 3. The name of the presentation 4. The name of the conference, date(s) of the conference, the city and country where the presentation took place 5. Indication that the information referred to is based for example on your personal notes from the presentation. If one does not know the title of the presentation, one can use a descriptive word such as “Lecture” or “Debate”. For example: Cindi Godsey (2006): National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System & Mining. Alaska Forum on the Environment, 610 of February 2006, Anchorage, USA. Personal notes. *Internet sources As earlier indicated, internet sources are to be included in the reference list in the same manner as other written and published sources. In order to avoid serious problems with the use of internet sources, students should remember that the primary reference for any source should be the author of the text. If one does not know the name of the author of 103 the text, then one should: a) mark the organisation or community who has produced the text in the place of the author; b) if this is not available on the webpage itself, then one can refer to the origin or title indicated in the page or Properties site “ ” [from the popdown menu on your internet navigation program, go to theFile ” “ option where “Properties” choice will be found]; c) finally, if all else fails, then one should write the title of the page or first few words of the page into the list of references. Note: Of course, the second most important detail to include is the complete URL – address. Here are examples of how to present internet sources in the list of references: Example references with author: Spicker, Paul (2002): Poverty and the welfare state. A catalyst working paper. Internet source: http://www.catalystforum.org.uk/pdf/paper9.pdf. Consulted 9.11.2004 Dowling, Ross K. (2000): untitled page on ecotourism and sustainable tourism. Internet source: http://www.business.ecu.edu/tourism/start.html Consulted 19.10.2003 Example reference without author: IAATO (undated): A timeline of Human Activity in Antarctica – Some Selected Highlights (Author unknown). http://www.iaato.org/overal_history.doc. Consulted January 2003 *Personal communications Information acquired through personal communication with someone who is notable or an authority on the issue in question (e.g. researchers, professors, etc.) must also be included in the list of references. Whether the information was obtained through oral or written correspondence, one must mark down the name and title of the person interviewed; a brief description of the topic; the method of correspondence (e.g. personal interview, telephone interview, personal email, etc.), and the date and the place. For example: Tennberg, Monica. Research Professor. Arctic Centre, University of Lapland. Telephone interview. Rovaniemi, Finland 10.4.2002. *Lecture notes and teaching materials As a general rule, the use of personal notes from lectures and possible unpublished materials distributed in lectures is inappropriate and not to be used as a source in written assignments.

3.4.4 Preferred Styles INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS: References Jones, Katherine T. 1998. Scales as epistemology. Political Geography. Vol. 17, No 1, pp. 25, 28. Keskitalo, Carina 2002. Constructing ‘the Arctic’. Discources of international regionbuilding. Rovaniemi: The University of Lapland. Massa, Ilmo & Tynkkynen, VeliPekka 2001. Introduction. In Ilmo Massa and VeliPekka Tynkkynen (eds) The Struggle for Russian Environmental Policy. Helsinki: Kikimora Publications, pp. 11, 26. Spicker, Paul 2002. Poverty and the welfare state. A Catalyst working paper. Internet source: http://www.catalystforum.org.uk/pdf/paper9.pdf; 9.11.2004

SOCIOLOGY: References 104 Gorz, André (1988): Metamorphoses du Travail. Quete du Sens. Critique de la Raison Economique. Galilee, Paris. Järvelä, Marja & Kristiina Kuvaja Puumalainen (1998): Environmental Impact Assessment. In Encyclopedia of Applied Ethics, Vol. 2. Academic Press, San Diego, pp. 83, 91. Pfaller, Alfred, Ian Gough & Göran Therborn (1991a): The Issue. In Pfaller, Alfred, Ian Gough & Göran Therborn: Can the Welfare State Compete. A comparative study of Five Advanced Capitalist Countries. Macmillan, Hampshire, pp. 114. Pfaller, Alfred, Ian Gough & Göran Therborn (1991b): Welfare Statism and International Competition: The Lesson of the Case Studies. In Pfaller, Alfred, Ian Gough & Göran Therborn: Can the Welfare State Compete. A comparative study of Five Advanced Capitalist Countries. Macmillan, Hampshire, pp. 2, 71, 297.

ADMINISTRATIVE SCIENCE: References Giddens, Anthony 2001. Sociology. Polity Press. Cambridge. Marcuse, Herbert 1999. The Obsolescence of the Freudian Concept of Man. In Elliott, Anthony (ed.). Contemporary Social Theory. Blackwell. Oxford. Kozlarek, Oliver 2001. Critical Theory and the Challenge of Globalization. In International Sociology, Vol 16, number 4, December 2001. Sage Publications. p. 607632. Spicker, Paul 2002. Poverty and the welfare state. A Catalyst working paper. http://www.catalystforum.org.uk/pdf/paper9.pdf (read 9.11. 2004)

3.5 Appendices

Appendices are used when the incorporation of material in the body of the assignment would make it poorly structured or too long and detailed. The appendix may be used for helpful, supporting or essential material that would otherwise clutter and break up the text and/or be distracting to the reader. For example, if into ones assignment one plans to include a VERY LARGE table or figure (or a series of tables or figures requiring more than one or two adjacent pages), then such objects are to be placed at the end of the assignment in the Appendices section. Appendices may include some of the following: • Supporting evidence and contributing facts • Specialisedҏ data (note that “raw data” appears in the appendix, and summarised data appears in the body of the assignment text) • Technicalҏ figures, tables or descriptions • Detailedҏ description of research instruments • Mapsҏ • Questionnairesҏ (questionnaire results appear in the body of the assignment text) In essence, the assignment text must be complete without the appendices. Meaning that the assignment text must contain all information including tables, diagrams and results necessary to answer the question or support the thesis of the work, and that the appendices is used only for support purposes. Therefore it is important to note that: a) other people’s work is referred to, but not quoted in an appendix, and b) the appendices contents are not included in the word count of an assignment. 105 For details on how each individual Appendix should be formatted, see Section 4.2.6 below.

4 STRUCTURE AND TECHNICAL FORMAT OF WRITTEN ASSIGNEMENTS

4.1 General Information on structuring written assignments

The basic structure of a written assignment should contain the following parts: 1. Introduction that for example sets the context and significance of the topic creates interest and sets the tone for the paper. 2. Material and methods that informs the reader of the possible data and methods of analysis that you have used in your paper. 3. The actual body of writing that presents the transition from introduction to the development of your ideas with supporting documentation. 4. Conclusion that ties together the writing by presenting possible research results and discussing and summarizing the main points of the paper. Each of these individual parts of the paper can include one or more chapters that are marked in the Table of Contents with separate chapter and subchapter headings. The list of references and the possible enclosures, figures and tables should come after these main parts. Additionally to these basic parts of the paper one should remember to use a cover page, number each page after the first, and write on one side of the paper only.

4.2 General guidelines for formatting written assignments

4.2.1 Spacing, Fonts and Margins

Even though each Faculty and Department may have slightly differing recommendations for formatting their assignments, here are some general guidelines for formatting written assignments: *Spacing: Unless otherwise requested, in the main assignment text, one should use a 1,5 linespacing format. The only exceptions to this are for theTable of Contents; Abstract and List of Reference sections, where a line spacing of 1,0 must be used. *Font: Usually written assignments are written with the“Times New Roman”font and the letter size is12. Additionally one should use the “Justification” format to align the text to both sides of the page, and to leave margins in the top, bottom, right and left side of the page. *Margins: The width of the margins can vary a little, but generally one should reserve 2 to 3 cm on each side of the page for margins. The guidelines, for example in sociology say that margins in the top, bottom and right side of the page should be about 23 cm, and the left margin should be at least 3 cm. For International Relations assignments, the margins are usually 2.5 cm or 3 cm on each side. When writing a ProGradu Thesis, the left margin of the work must be at least 3 centimetres, and the top, bottom, and right margins should be at least 2 centimetres (but no more than 3 cm).

4.2.2 Paragraphs Generally each paragraph should be separated from the previous paragraph. In some departments such as Sociology an indent is used in the beginning of a new paragraph, except for the paragraph beginning immediately after the main or subheadings. In others 106 such as International Relations, an indent is not commonly used, but one must leave an empty row between paragraphs. In general one should however leave two empty rows between the end of a paragraph and the beginning of the next main heading, and one empty row between a heading and the paragraph beginning after that.

4.2.3 Page Numbering One must remember to use a page numbering system on all written assignments, where the placement of page numbers is on the bottom or top right hand corner of each page. Although one begins to count the number of pages from the first page of an assignment (cover page), the numbering should not be displayed on theCover page or the Table of Contents page. As the actual text of an assignment begins after these two sections, then the page numbering should begin thereafter. As an example, if one has a cover page and a Table of Contents page, then the page number 3 will appear on the third page. Page numbers should continue throughout the text, including theList of Reference –pages. The page numbering of any Enclosures (a.k.a. Appendix or Annex) can be written by hand if it is not technically possible to do so with the word processor.

4.2.4 Headings Written assignments are structured with headings with a number before each heading: 1, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3 etc. Please note that there should be at least two headings of equal level: if you start with a subheading 1.1, then it should be followed by subheading 1.2. In between those there can of course be lower subheadings like 1.1.1 and 1.1.2. Note that each chapter with a main heading number (1.; 2.; etc.) should start from a new page.

4.2.5 Tables, Diagrams, Graphs, and Pictures Tables, diagrams, graphs and pictures are very common parts of a written assignment, and as such, these objects must always be numbered accordingly in sequential order. Typically, in addition to the individual number,table objects are labelled Table and all other objects (i.e. diagrams, charts, graphs, pictures) are represented by using the term Figure. When including tables and/or figures in an assignment, it is essential that in the text one makes reference to everytable and figure that is included. In doing so, references to tables and figures should be written using lower case letters and placed between brackets or apprentices (see example below). As such, alltables and figures must also have a title. In proving a title to a table or figure, one should always attempt to write a full sentence, which if possible should be a short answer to the questions: what, where and when. As a general rule, thefigure text is placed below the Figure, and the table text is placed above theTable. Normally when including any such object in ones text, one does not need to include the name of the person who has created it, as it is normally understood that it is from the person writing the assignment. However, if thetable, figure, and/or the information they contain originates from another source, than thesource must be identifiedeither at the end of the title or at the bottom of the object (see example below). The only exception to this rule is with photographs, where the photographer’s name and the date the photograph was taken must be given for all pictures included in an assignment. When producingCharts or Graphs it is not recommended to use three dimensional / 3D representations if the data does not include a third dimension. That’s because, although they are very beautiful, they can be deceiving and confusing for the reader. For example: 107 Figure 1. The number of new infringement cases brought before the Court of Justice (EU15) between 1997 and 2004. Source: Eurostat / Court of Justice of the European Communities. Table 2. The total number of new infringement cases brought before the Court of Justice by each member state (EU15) during the period 1997 to 2004. Source: Eurostat / Court of Justice of the European Communities.

4.2.6 Appendix As mentioned inSection 3.5 (above), Appendices are used when the incorporation of material in the body of the assignment would make it poorly structured or too long and detailed. The appendix may be used for helpful, supporting or essential material that would otherwise clutter and break up the text and/or be distracting to the reader (see section 3.5 for examples). Each individual object placed in the Appendices is entitled Appendix, an and each appendix must have a number or letter prefix that are kept in sequential order (i.e. Appendix 1; Appendix 2; / Appendix A; Appendix B; etc.). Equally, each Appendix must be cited (referred to) in the body of the text, for example: ‘details of the questionnaire are given in Appendix B [on page 23]’. Each Appendix must have the following structure and formats: • Each must have a heading entitled APPENDIX, which is written in capital letters followed by a letter or number (e.g. APPENDIX A; APPENDIX 1). The heading must be placed in the Centre of the page, and formatted in Bold. • Each appendix must begin on a new page. • Appendicesҏ (if used) must be listed in the table of contents. • Theҏ page number(s) of any and each appendix will follow on from the body of the text. • Appendicesҏ may precede or follow the reference list.

5 CITING REFERENCE

5.1 General Information

A central element of academic writing is the use of references, and all written assignments must follow standard conventions for the citing of reference sources. The purpose of references is to reveal the origin of, for example, an idea, theory or a fact. References also help the reader to find more information on the topic by checking the reference. Further more, the reader must be able to identify which part of text is the author’s/student’s own analysis, discussion or information based on his/her own research, and which part of information is from other sources such as books or articles.Therefore the students must include a reference into the text whenever the information presented originates from a written or other identifiable source.The only time when a reference is not necessary is when the piece of information is something that is commonly known to the perceived readers of the text (i.e. the information is general knowledge or a commonly agreed fact in a particular field of discussion).

All books and articles listed in the list of references must have been used in the written assignment and a citation in the text is needed for all of them. In this respect, direct quotes used directly from a reference source should always be marked with quotation marks. 108 Academic dishonesty such as plagiarism is an extremely serious offence and will subject the student to disciplinary action.It is plagiarism to quote another's words or ideas without referring to them. Also incorrect documentation, failure to cite ones sources altogether or simply relyingway too heavily on external sources is considered as plagiarism. The students will receive afailing grade for any paper with plagiarized work. If a student plagiarizes an entire paper,he/she will be failed from the entire course. Depending on the severity of the misconduct, the student can temporarily be expelled from the university or receive a written warning from the Rector of the University of Lapland. For visiting and exchange students, the most serious cases of misconduct will be notified to the home institution of the student. Further references on different forms of plagiarism are available inAppendix 1 at the back of this document.

5.2 Quoting Text from a Book: “The usual case”

A reference note can be placed in the beginning of a sentence or in the very end of a sentence. It should include the name of the author of the book / article, the year when it was published and the pages where the information can be found. Page numbers are divided from the year of publication by a comma. If one quotes fromtwo pages, one must indicate both page numbers. In case one quotes fromtwo separate parts of the book, one must also clearly indicate the page numbers. If there areseveral references from the same author during a particular year, one must use an alphabet to separate them. If a sentence or a paragraph is derived from several sources, one must include both sources in the text.

For example, in the text, at the start of a sentence: Keskitalo (2002, 44) argues that… Keskitalo (2002, 44 • 45) argues that… Keskitalo (2002, 44 • 46, 128) argues that… Keskitalo (2002b, 66) argues that… … Keskitalo (2002, 66) and Young (1993, 44) argue… OR in the text, in the end of a sentence: xxxxxxxx (Keskitalo 2002, 44). xxxxxxxx (Keskitalo 2002, 44 • 45). xxxxxxxx (Keskitalo 2002, 44 • 46, 128). xxxxxxxx (Keskitalo 2002b, 66). xxxxxxxx (Keskitalo 2002, 66; Young 1993, 44). The book in the list of references: Keskitalo, Carina (2002): Constructing “the Arctic” – Discourses of international regionbuilding. Acta Universitatis Lapponiensis 47. Lapin yliopistopaino. Rovaniemi. The only case when page numbers can be left out of the reference note is when the particular reference relates to the whole volume of the book/article in question. In this case there is no comma between the name of the author and the year of publication. For example, in the text, at the start of a sentence: Keskitalo (Keskitalo 2002) argues… OR in the text, in the end of a sentence: xxxxxx (Keskitalo 2002). In the list of references the book itself should be marked as indicated above.

5.3 Quoting Edited Books

An edited book consists of chapters, each of them written by a different author or a group of authors. Usually one (or several) of the writers is the editor of the book. Some chapters may be written especially for that particular edition, but they may also be scientific 109 articles that have already been published before. Edited books are valuable sources of information in the sense that individual chapters are often authored by specialists. In the case of edited books, the name of the editor is used as the reference, not the title of the book.For example, in the text, in the end of a sentence: xxxxxxxxxx (Horn 1996). OR in the text, in the start of a sentence: Horn… (Horn 1996)

In the list of references edited books are to be marked alphabetically like any other book reference. Sometimes a book or a report has no editor. In this case the reference can include the title of the book or two to three first words of the title if it is very long. For example, in the text, in the end of a sentence: xxxxxxx (The Arctic Nuclear Challenge 2001). OR in the text, at the start of a sentence: According to the Arctic Nuclear Challenge (The Arctic Nuclear Challenge 2001, 15)… . In the list of references, these types of books and reports should be marked alphabetically like any other written source of information. If one is referring to a specific article in an edited book, use the name of the author of the article in the reference note. For example, in the text, at the start of a sentence: According to Gutsol & Riabova (2002, 320326)… OR in the text, in the end of a sentence: xxxxxxxxxxx (Gutsol & Riabova 2002, 320326). With publications originating from different ministries or other organisations, for example, the name of the ministry can serve as the reference if no author to the text is stated. For example, in the text, at the end of a sentence: xxxxxx (Minedu 1996, 22). In the list of references: Minedu (1996): Report. Ministry of Education. Helsinki The main thing is that the reader can locate the reference in the list of references with the information given in the text. If the references note states, for example EC 1997, the publication referred to should be found under the same abbreviation in the list of references, and not from European Commission, for example. Also keep in mind that used abbreviations should be explained in the list of references.

5.4 Quoting Sentences and Paragraphs

Additionally to clear marking of ones reference notes, one should remember that there are some specific rules in quoting sentences and paragraphs. *If the reference points at one sentence only, it should be included in brackets at the end of the sentence before the full stop. For example: Mikhail Gorbachev came to power in 1985 (Sakwa 1996, 3). *When the reference note points at the whole paragraph it is usually positioned at the end of the paragraph. If the reference note points at several sentences within a paragraph it should be placed after the last of those sentences. Please note the location of the full stops in the following example: For example: Richard Sakwa gives a comprehensive account of Russia’s postcommunist political development. His analysis also includes a thorough discussion on federalism in Russia today. (Sakwa 1996, 175183.) *If the publication you are referring to has several authors, the reference note should include both surnames. 110 For example: xxxxxxxxxxx (Eräsaari & Rahkonen 1975, 2627). Please note that when referring to these authors in the text write Eräsaari and Rahkonen instead of the & sign. *If the publication has more than two authors, one should in quoting use the surname of the first author together with a et almark. In the list of references all the names of the writers should however be included in the order they can be found in the book or an article. For example, in the text: xxxxxxxxxxx (Kotler et al 1996). In the list of references: Kotler, Philip, Armstrong Gary, Saunders, John & Wong, Veronica (1996): Principles of Marketing. The European Edition. Prentice Hall Europe. Hertfordshire. *If the same sentence or paragraph is derived from several sources, they all should be listed in the reference note in chronological order and separated by a semi colon. For example: xxxxxxxxxxx (Järvelä 1997; Järvelä & KuvajaPuumalainen 1998).

5.5 Other Important Things to Remember when Quoting

*For the sake of clarity one should always write the whole reference note [for example (Sakwa 1996, 66) ] instead of using “ibid.” when referring to the same publications more than once. *The reference note can begin with a “See:” if the reference includes more thorough or specific information on the subject and the text that the reference is pointing athas more of your own thoughts. For example, in the text: xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx (See: Sakwa 1996, 245250). *The reference note can also begin with a “cf.” if one wants the reader to compare ones ideas to same issues from a different perspective written by another author. For example, in the text: xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx (cf. Sakwa 1996, 66). *If the source referred to has not yet been published, it can in the text be referred to as (Young, no date). If the source has been accepted for publication it can be referred to as (Young, forthcoming 2004). Be as specific about the information given about these publications in the list of references as possible. *If one uses a direct quotation from another author but wants to leave something out from the middle of the sentence, one can use [… ] at the place of the text one have left out. For example: … as Carina Keskitalo (Keskitalo 2002, 1) says: “ [… ] the Arctic has largely been conceived of as a polar region – The high Arctic where polar bears roam “. *Internet sources are to be used in the same manner as other written sources. The primary reference should be to the author of the text. Also be sure to mention the date when the information was retrieved from the web as well as the URLaddress in the list of references. *The use of direct quotes should be reserved to situations that show support for ones own arguments directly from the source. [OR Use direct quotes only to show support for own arguments directly from the source.] *Do not quote without identifying and introducing the quotation and saying something about the quotation. *Keep in mind that one can also use footnotes in ones text if one wants to explain something in more detail than in the actual text. 111 6 ACADEMIC WRITING IN ENGLISH

6.1 General notes on writing and how to get started

Writing an essay, written exam, a lecture journal etc. is always a process that requires a fair bit of practice and work. Tasks such as writing, taking a written exam or speaking before an audience may make one anxious or apprehensive. It is, however, good to remember that a moderate level of anxiety can also be helpful and make one more productive. As with any task, the main thing with written assignments is to get started. A simple task like choosing a topic may sometimes seem like an insuperable challenge. With the help of simple techniques such as journalistic questions (who? what? where? when? how? why?) or written/verbal brainstorming, one can easily pin down some ideas to be explored and to even connect them into subtopics. After that the next step is to discard the most bizarre and irrelevant ideas and to focus on those ideas that seem to imply a basic point of view that can further be explore and develop into an argument in the assignment. If these types of techniques do not seem to help one to get started, then some good tips can be found online from online writing lab such as: [http://www.uefap.com/writing/writfram.htm ] or [http://web.uvic.ca/wguide/Pages/MasterToc.html ] Both of these internet sites also include a variety of information and tips on questions relating to such topics as writing concerns, English as a second language, grammar, punctuation, spelling, and how to edit ones text. On both sites, students can also find advice on how to acknowledge different types of sources in ones text.This being said, the students should always keep in mind thatwhile studying in a Finnish university they must, above all, follow the instructions giventhem to by their academic professor or course tutors or follow the overall examplescitations, on written assignments’ format and technical structure in this booklet. The next most important thing after starting the actual writing is to decide who ones audience is. As ones audience will influence ones choice of vocabulary, sentence structure, and even the kind of evidence one uses to support ones argument. A good idea might be to narrow ones audience down to ones course including the professor, classmates and future professor, and the research community in ones field be it English, Education or Biology. In most cases the students would also be well advised to bear in mind the preferences of the tutor, as well as the requirements of the assignment. Keep in mind that writing in a second language (such as English) can be an unexpectedly demanding and time consuming task. Paying attention to the content and the technical structure and layout of ones paper, the students should also keep in mind that editing (such as grammar and accurate spell checking) may take a surprisingly long time. After the actual writing, editing might not seem as important, but remember that a well laid out and correctly spelled paper is a positive advertisement for a student. With this in mind, students are advised to reserve some time for spell and grammar checks before submitting their assignments. 112 6.2 Some notes on language

6.2.1 Spelling and language

As a general rule, written assignments should be properly written so as to effectively convey the intended meanings of the work. Hence, students are asked to pay attention to the language used, as the level of coherent in ones work can greatly influence the final grade for a written assignment. In other words, if the reader cannot understand what the student is saying, then his/her point will not be made. Therefore, to develop one language skills and to help one avoid the most common spelling mistakes in English, there are several sources (in libraries and on the Internet) one can access. For example, the British Council grammar website which thoroughly explains the common areas of English grammar and where you could even test your proficiency level: http://www.learningenglish.org.uk/grammar_home_frame.html Within Finnish universities (state institutions), the preference is that UK English be used for spelling and grammar. However, if one chooses to us US/American English, then its use must be consistent.

6.2.2 Verb tense and active versus passive voice Social sciences and humanities normally use present tense: “I analyze”; “This paper examines” etc. Conversely, past tense is usually used only in technical or scientific papers to describe experiments performed and results found: “We placed the sample”, “the test proved” etc. This is a general rule, but whichever verb tense one prefers, stick with it and be consistent in writing. Different academic disciplines, and different instructors within those disciplines, have varying attitudes to the use of the personal pronoun. Even though the passive voice is useful under certain circumstances, it is often actually better to use the active voice instead.

6.2.3 Punctuation and other common grammatical errors in English The comma is a useful and valuable punctuation tool because it separates the structural elements of a sentence into manageable pieces. Unfortunately, the use of comma also is one of the most common grammatical errors in English written assignments. To avoid the basic comma mistakes one should at least remember that: 1) Independent clauses cannot be joined by a comma: We are not allowed to take our cell phones to the exam, that privilege is reserved for supervisors. [THIS IS WRONG] We are not allowed to take our cell phones to the exam, because that privilege is preserved for supervisors. [THIS IS CORRECT] We are not allowed to take our cell phones to the exam. That privilege is reserved for supervisors. {THIS IS CORRECT] 2) One should avoid the socalled run on sentences that include two or more independent clauses without a conjunction or proper punctuation: Two suspects were arrested last week one of them was a cripple. [THIS IS WRONG] Two suspects were arrested last week; one of them was a cripple. [THIS IS CORRECT] Two suspects were arrested last week, and one of them was a cripple. [THIS IS CORRECT] To learn more about and practice the basic punctuation rules one can for example go to: http://www.learnenglish.org.uk/grammar_home_frame.html 113 or http://web.uvic.ca/wguide/Pages/GramPunc.html.

6.2.4 Other grammatical rules to keep in mind while writing in English Like punctuation, also irregular verbs, irregular plurals, the agreement between a verb and its subject and the agreement between a pronoun and its antecedent are errors that commonly appear in English written assignments. To avoid some of the most common mistakes one should keep in mind that: 1) A verb must always agree in number with its subject: A group of well dressed youth are approaching the cafeteria. [THIS IS WRONG] Because the subject of the sentence is group, not youth, the sentence should actually read: A group of well dressed youth is approaching the cafeteria. To find out more about the basic rules of verb and subject agreement see for example http://web.uvic.ca/wguide/Pages/SentSVAgr.html. 2) A pronoun must always agree in number, person, and gender with its antecedent noun1, and it should have a clear antecedent: John told his father that his car would not start. The captain threw some floatable items overboard for the sailor, even though he saw that the rescue boat was already on its way to save him. To learn more about the basic rules of pronoun agreement see for example http://web.uvic.ca/wguide/Pages/SentProAgr.html 3) Some very basic nouns like aphenomenon, medium, criterion and crisis have exceptional plurals that one simply sometimes forgets. To be sure one has got ones correctly see for example http://web.uvic.ca/wguide/Pages/SentNounStr.html 4) Surprisingly many basic verbs such as read, choose, write, and come have irregular tenses. To check how well one knows ones see a verb list at http://web.uvic.ca/wguide/Pages/SentProAgr.html 1 Antecedent is the noun to which the pronoun refers to

List of References

Barnbaum, Cecilia (undated): A Student’s Guide to Recognizing It and Avoiding It. Valdosta State University. USA.. . Consulted 2.8.2006. Best, Michael, Tucker, john, Oliver, Neil, Plamer, Erin, Lyne, Steve and Neufeldt Audrey (1995): UVic English. The University of Victoria Writer’s Guide. Department of English. University of Victoria. Canada. < http://web.uvic.ca/wguide/welcome.html>. Consulted June 2006. Audience and Tone. . Brainstorming. . Canadian/British/American Spelling. . Narrowing Your Essay Topic. . Pronoun Agreement. . Punctuation.. Subject/Verb Agreement. . The Complete Table of Contents . The Passive Voice. . 114 The Research Essay. . When You Don’t Know… . Why Spelling Counts. . Writing Exam Essays. . British Council (2000): Learn English, Grammar webpages. . Consulted 15.6.2007. Forrest, Scott & Flöjt, Mika (undated): How to write a Research Paper. Unpublished Academic writing guideline booklet. Arctic Studies Program. University Lapland. Rovaniemi. Koikkalainen, Saara (2004): Technical guidelines for written course assignments, essays and thesis’s. Unpublished English translation of technical guidelines for written assignments in Sociology. University of Lapland. Rovaniemi. Surakka, Veikko, Virtanen Terhi, Rikala Heli, Majaranta, Päivi, Juhola, Martti, Isokoski Poika, Heimonen, JuhaMatti ja Ihonen, Markku (undated): Plagiointi opintosuorituksissa. Plagiointityöryhmän alustava raportti. . Consulted 1.8.2006. University of Hertfordshire (2006): Using English for Academic Purposes; A guide for students in Higher Education. School of Combined Studies, Universityt of Hertfordshire. Hatfield, UK. . Consulted June 2006. Väisänen, Mervi (2005): General Guidelines for Academic Writing. Unpublished guideline booklet for Academic writing. International Study Centre. University of Lapland. Rovaniemi. 115 APPENDIX 2

Social Work Training Period II – Working in a unit for Social Work Training by the Department of Social Work at the University of Lapland

CONTENTS

1 THE OBJECTIVES, CONTENT, AND TIMING OF THE PERIOD 116

2 COMBINING THE MAKING OF A THESIS TO WORKING IN A UNIT FOR SOCIAL WORK TRAINING 118

3 HOLDING THE EVALUATION SEMINAR AFTER THE TRAINING PERIOD 119 116 1 THE OBJECTIVES, CONTENT, AND TIMING OF THE PERIOD

This handout outlines the realisation of the course “Work in a unit for social work training”, which is included in the advanced studies of Social Work.

According to the requirements for a degree, the MAIN OBJECTIVE of the course is to:

“deepen the theory, the practice, and the research of social work, as well as integrate these areas more solidly.”

When expressed as single objectives the course helps the student to:

1. act independently and responsibly in social work under work guidance

2. apply and integrate the theory of social work and the ethic principles in practical learning situations

3. have a command of the customer work done in social work, and to acquire experience in multi•professional collaboration and influence activity

4. examine, based on social scientific information, the different customerships in social work, and the psychosocial and cultural factors that lead to them

5. understand the significance of research to social work, to assimilate the readiness to research and develop one’s own work, and to do, in practice, social work research

The main content of the course consists of the following factors: x deepening social work in practice as a problem•solving process x working, as independently as possible, in the tasks of a social worker, and x producing information in social work, especially developing the student’s own pro gradu thesis

The teaching and working methods of the period are: x the practical instruction in a unit for social work training, which means that, in addition to studying the unit’s normal social work, the student takes part in the research and development projects in the unit, and x taking part in the seminar that is connected to the training

The practical instruction is centralised mainly in units for social work training. On a special agreement, it can be carried out in other units. The primary core of the teaching is formed by the collaboration between the student, the social work teachers (professor/lecturer of social work), and the social work training unit’s social worker who acts as the practice teacher (work guide). The teaching emphasises tutorials. The student’s work guidance, which is related to the practices and research of social work, is in a key position in the learning process. (In the different parts of the units for social work training, there are several research and development projects, which the student is let known in the beginning of the training period.)

A part of the seminar work is done before the actual working in the unit for social work begins, another part is done parallel to the training period (3 theory days), and yet another 117 part after it (evaluation seminar 24 hrs). During the seminar, the theoretic basis of social work is deepened, the developing of skills needed in social work is evaluated, and writing a thesis is developed. The seminar work is guided jointly by the professor and the lecturer of social work.

Organising the guidance in the training

The lecturer of social work holds, with every student and his/her work guide, a start discussion in the beginning and an evaluation discussion in the end. The lecturer visits the practice places also between these occasions when needed, usually about once a fortnight, when the focus is on the students’ individual and group tutorials, in which the work guide takes part if possible.

The purpose of the visits is to support the individual learning process related to social work and writing a thesis. During the visits, the experiences that come from practical work are brought back and analysed together. Similarly, different practical questions that the student has faced are discussed. It also is important to ponder the questions related to writing a thesis.

The discussions can be held with the student (or several students) in private. The work guide can take part in as many discussions as he/she can. Those discussions, in which the attendance of the work guide is important, can be specially agreed on. The lecturer agrees on the visit with the student beforehand, of which the student always informs the work guide. It is important that the student prepares him/herself for each visit by contemplating the questions which he/she wants to discuss. When possible, the professors of the main subject also take part in all of the teaching mentioned above.

For the evaluation discussion, both sides write a 1 – 2 sheets long evaluation paper in which he/she brings out his/her view about the above mentioned questions and other questions.

In carrying out the evaluation, it is good to utilise the written results from the social work training unit:

After carrying out the period, the student will:

1. have the ability to act as an independent and informed social worker

2. understand his/her role as a social worker in relation to the customers, his/her colleagues, the representatives of other professions, different service organisations, and, more extensively, to the whole society

3. have the skills to bring out his/her social work expertise in social distribution of work

4. have developed his/her research readiness, and have advanced in writing his/her pro gradu thesis. 118 2 COMBINING THE MAKING OF A THESIS TO WORKING IN A UNIT FOR SOCIAL WORK TRAINING

In the beginning phase of the advanced studies, the student should have a readiness and knowledge for research. Of these, the most important are the know•how related to the research methodologies, going through the methodology literature, and developing the research subject. In principle, working in the unit for social work training should be interactive learning, in which practical instruction is connected to the making of a thesis. However, the time period is short for attaining this objective. With as many students as possible, the practical instruction should mean familiarising oneself with the research subject, the subject’s actors (the customers, the workers, the relatives etc.), and the problem•areas.

The hallmarks of good research: definition and becoming aware of the part of the subject

One of the hallmarks of good research is definition. Good and interesting research is, to a great extent, based on how we can explain the choice of the research subject and the questions to which we seek answers. It also is a question of definition when we explain what kind of analytic/theoretic concepts we use when approaching the subject, and how we place a phenomenon in time, place, and in social events. Another decisive question is how the researcher can utilise his/her own qualifications and possibilities (here the unit for social work training in particular): the station, the experiences, the know•how. Staking oneself on work, indeed, has become, in theory and in practice, one the essential strategic questions of social science. It can relate to a) acquiring information, b) interpretation, and c) the ethic control of the results.

On practical instructions

The students have drawn up, together with a teacher, a personal study plan (PSP), which is complemented during the working period in the unit for social work training. Each student should first discuss with oneself the research subject and the questions related to choosing it. In the second phase, the student should transform his/her experiences and goals into a preliminary draft of a thesis, its different phases, and explain these in writing. In the third phase, the student should have his/her paper and discuss with the social work personnel and the guides how the practical instruction can be utilised in the developing of a thesis, and vice versa.

The role of the practical teacher in thesis guidance

The role of the practice teacher in thesis guidance is to provide practical background, which includes, among other things, the following: x the analysing of an existing research subject, or thinking up a new subject x helping the student to define the content of the research problem in practice x helping the student to evaluate the significance of the subject from the viewpoint of practice x clarifying on whether or not it is possible to carry out the research x providing information about available material, and help the student acquire material (documents, interviews, questionnaires, customer contacts etc.) x the guide may know of previous researches that are done of his/her work 119 x helping the student in finding a customer case and analysing it x by taking part in the evaluation seminar, the guide participates in the further development of the thesis, and guarantees that the student can turn to him/her in the future too x helping the student in the very practical matters, such as applying for a research permission, finding source books, and contacts with the key persons etc.) x helping the student, in general, to integrate practical working and its related research (own researching grasp of work) x the optimal case, the guidance relationship can be researching together

3 HOLDING THE EVALUATION SEMINAR AFTER THE TRAINING PERIOD

The purpose and the essential contents of the seminar

A part of the seminar that is included in the social work training is reserved for analysing and evaluating the training period. The purpose of the seminar, one on hand, is to evaluate the student’s development in professional social work, and on the other hand, evaluate the progress of the pro gradu thesis at the same time. The ideal situation is where the student can combine the practical experience to his/her research’s theme in his/her seminar work. Depending on the student’s situation, the seminar work can emphasise the thesis in a way that the student also appends a suitable amount of practical experiences to it. Then again, the work can deal principally with the practice, in such a way that it still defines the theme of the thesis.

For the seminar, during the training period, each student prepares at least one in•depth customer case, which preferably is related to the theme of his/her own thesis. It would be good, if the student had personal experiences from dealing with the customer of whom the student prepares the customer case. The customer case also can be built up from the customer reports, or the reports can be used to complement the customer case. Choosing the case should be discussed with the work guide and the social worker who has dealt with the customer in case. It is good also to discuss the issue with the customer if possible.

In preparing the customer case, the cases that appear in the social work literature (for example, Compton & Galaway’s readings) can be used as examples. Also the phases of the problem•solving process of social work structure the historical forming of the case. In analysing a customer case, the following factors should be taken into consideration:

• the background of the customer/family, social network • how did the person become a customer • how did he/she present his/her problem, what help did he/she ask, and how did the social worker see his/her case • how did the work start off (starting point, assessment) • what kind of goals were set and what kind of agreements were made • how did the social worker•customer relationship develop • how did the social work process progress • what kind of collaboration relationships were used on the customer • how was the work evaluated • how was the relationship ended • evaluate, what could have been done differently 120 The customer case is analysed thoughtfully from different viewpoints and mirrored to the general social science and the theory of social work. Preparing a customer case is a good way to apply oneself on the theme of one’s own thesis. In the seminar work, the practice of social work can be connected to the theme of the thesis by using an interesting question, the problem•solving process of social work, or a development project. The student may be interested in, for example one of the working methods of social work (for example, networking, teamwork, family work, regional work, gerontological social work, case management), a question related to the customer’s situation (for example, the customer as a subject, citizen•inspiredness, the customers participation, significance of the language), or an administrative phenomenon (for example, the combining of social and health services, new service solutions). The integration of the practice and the thesis can also be done by using the problem• solving phases of social work. Emphasis can be put, for example, on interviewing and communication, the comprehensive definition of the problem, the production of information, and on the profitabilities of different interventions.

Often, the students participate in different development and pilot projects during the training period, or have to do different accounts and small researches. It is possible to utilise all of these things in the seminar work. Sometimes the student wishes to produce new learning material during the training period. It is then important, that the student approaches his/her theme from the viewpoint of the learner’s experiences and thoughts.

Those students who are exempt from the training period on the basis of earlier experience should write their seminar work based on their earlier work experience by connecting it to the theme of their thesis. Those students who do not write their thesis on a subject related to the practice of a social work training unit should in their work, however, apply their practical experiences, when possible, to the theme of their thesis.

Writing a seminar work

The seminar work is a part of the advanced studies, so its requirement level is higher than the one of the first training period. The seminar work should essentially be connected to the theme of the thesis, and significantly contribute to the writing of the thesis. In the evaluation of the seminar work, the following factors are given special consideration:

1. How well is the student able to raise his/her practical experience to be the target of theoretic and analytic consideration? 2. How well can the student connect his/her problem to his/her social scientific and social framework (cf. Layder’s research map)?

3. How diversely does the student use the literature related to his/her subject?

Being analytic means the skills to analyse and structure the examined phenomenon from different viewpoints, theoretic and practical, micro and macro viewpoints. It is reached by making problematic and developing (explicating) a certain phenomenon that is approached by posing questions from different viewpoints. For example, the student wishes to solve a problem of a child’s interest in child welfare. In that case, he/she asks what the case is with the child’s interest: what does it mean as a concept, what it is in relation to the family and government institutes, how has it developed historically, how is it connected to the social reality etc. 121 Being theoretic means the systematising of a certain phenomenon’s empiric regularities and the conceptualisation and defining of the phenomenon. This increases the in•depth understanding of the phenomenon. For example, the understanding of the child’s interest can be made deeper by examining the relationship between the child, the family, and the government in the light of civilisation critic (Donzelot/Foucault), or feminist (patriarchy as the means of control over children and women) family theories.

In theoretic contemplation, attention should be paid to own argumentation, i.e. the theoretic grounds and counter criticism for the explicated problems. In the light of the child’s interest example, the view of the civilisation critic theories can be argued and substantiated in relation to the family’s socialisation and surveillance, and the fact that the lone actor’s viewpoint has been left out can be posed as counter criticism. The argumentation relies mainly on one’s own thinking and its development.

Because the seminar work is a part of the advanced studies, in addition to using the latest domestic literature, using international literature is required. The chosen practical problem and the subject of the thesis naturally direct what literature is used. From the viewpoint of social work research, important sources are, among others, the international periodicals of the field, of which the University of Lapland Library subscribes to the following:

• Social Work • Families in Society • The British Journal of Social Work • Nordisk Social Arbete • Health & Social Work • The Journal of Gerontological Social Work • Journal of Social Policy • Journal of Social Policy and Administration • Social Service Review

The dialogue between the practice and the theory that is required in the seminar work can be realised in the following ways:

1. The starting point is the all•round introduction of the practical problem, and then its theoretic analysis follows. For example, the collaboration of different officials is depicted on the basis of one’s own experiences, after which the collaboration is analysed with the help from the latest research or some theory (for example, system theory).

2. The starting point is the critical contemplation of a theory that is related to the subject, after which the analysis of the practical question is continued in reliance to the theory.

3. The theory and the practical contemplation are carried side by side in the work.

The third option provides possibilities for personal, creative examination. The inductive and qualitative approach that is characteristic to modern social work research can be utilised in this case. In the end, the phase in which the student is with writing his/her thesis during the seminar influences the foundation of the seminar work. If the writing of the thesis has advanced far, it is possible to focus the seminar work on examining the thesis. It has to be agreed with the guides on how, in this case, the practical experiences are evaluated. 122 It is good to start the planning and writing of the seminar work in the beginning of the training period. The work can be constantly discussed with the work guide and the lecturer. It is good to agree on the basic decisions of the work in these discussions as early as possible. The student and the work guide can agree on how much daily working time can be used for the seminar work and the writing of the thesis.

The length of the seminar work is at least 15 – 20 sheets with 1½ spacing. The form is the common seminar work form. In the introduction, attention is paid to for example, the topicality of the question, the problematic nature, the selection criteria etc. The discussion part is divided into sensible main and sub sections. In the headlining, there is the liberty to use imagination. In the conclusion part, evaluating discussion is carried out. The student is obliged to copy his/her work, at his/her own expense, to the other students in the group, both guides, and the work guide. The pieces of work are left available for the others by the agreed deadline. The student delivers his/her work to the work guide through mail or personally early enough.

The realisation of the seminar

The seminar lasts for about 24 hours. For the discussion of each student’s work, at least two hours are reserved. The seminar requires active participation from the student, which means attendance in the seminar, active participation in the discussion, and writing an approved seminar work. The participation requires the careful familiarisation, in addition in one’s own work, in the other students’ works as well.

The date of the seminar is agreed on together with the students and the teachers. The aim is that the work guide of each student takes part in the seminar to comment the work of his/her trainee.

In the beginning of the seminar, each student tells the other participants his/her experiences from the training period. After that, he/she will give a condensed presentation of his/her work. After that, discussion on the work is engaged, in which, in addition to the students, the guiding teachers and work guides take part. 123