DOCSLIB.ORG

Filozofická Fakulta Ústav Anglofonních Literatur A

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Filozofická Fakulta Ústav Anglofonních Literatur A UNIVERZITA KARLOVA – FILOZOFICKÁ FAKULTA ÚSTAV ANGLOFONNÍCH LITERATUR A KULTUR Shame and Belonging in the Fiction of Maeve Brennan DIPLOMOVÁ PRÁCE Vedoucí diplomové práce (supervisor): doc. Clare Wallace, PhD. M.A. Zpracovala (author): Klára Hutková, MA (Hons) Studijní obor (subject): Anglofonní literatury a kultury Praha, 7. května 2021 Declaration Prohlašuji, že jsem tuto diplomovou práci vypracovala samostatně, že jsem řádně citovala všechny použité prameny a literaturu a že práce nebyla využita v rámci jiného vysokoškolského studia či k získání jiného či stejného titulu. I declare that the following MA thesis is my own work for which I used only the sources and literature mentioned, and that this thesis has not been used in the course of other university studies or in order to acquire the same or another type of diploma. V Praze dne 7. května 2021 Klára Hutková 2 Permission Souhlasím se zapůjčením diplomové práce ke studijním účelům. I have no objections to the MA thesis being borrowed and used to study purposes. 3 Acknowledgements I wish to thank my supervisor, Doc. Clare Wallace, for her supervision and valuable suggestions. I am grateful to the Department of Anglophone Literatures and Cultures at the Faculty of Arts at Charles University for being a supportive and motivating environment. Spending my final year at Trinity College Dublin also further inspired me in my research. Finally, I want to thank my partner and family for their patience and support. 4 List of Abbreviations Works by Maeve Brennan LWL The Long-Winded Lady: Notes from the New Yorker. Dublin: The Stinging Fly, 2017. RG The Rose Garden. Washington, DC: Counterpoint Press, 2000. SA The Springs of Affection: Stories of Dublin. London: Flamingo, 2000. V The Visitor. Dublin: New Island, 2019. 5 Table of Contents Declaration ............................................................................................................................................................................ 2 Permission ............................................................................................................................................................................. 3 Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................................................................... 4 List of Abbreviations ............................................................................................................................................................. 5 Table of Contents .................................................................................................................................................................. 6 1. Introduction .......................................................................................................................................................................... 7 1.1 About the author and the topic ......................................................................................................................................... 7 1.2 Shame: The self, others, and the link between ................................................................................................................. 9 1.3 Rethinking shame (and guilt)......................................................................................................................................... 11 1.4 “Underground” shame ................................................................................................................................................... 12 1.4 Shame in literature ......................................................................................................................................................... 15 1.5 Brennan’s double identity I: From Ireland to America .................................................................................................. 17 1.6 Brennan’s double identity II: A woman writer .............................................................................................................. 23 1.7 Thesis layout.................................................................................................................................................................. 28 2. Laughing off shame ............................................................................................................................................................ 30 2.1 Notes from The New Yorker .......................................................................................................................................... 30 2.2 Inventing female flânerie ............................................................................................................................................... 33 2.3 The narrator who appears .............................................................................................................................................. 39 2.4 Shifting perspectives: Common shame and guilt ........................................................................................................... 47 2.5 The view from the window ............................................................................................................................................ 51 2.6 Belonging by shaming: In-groups and out-groups ......................................................................................................... 59 3. Retracing steps.................................................................................................................................................................... 66 3.1 (Not) returning home: The Visitor ................................................................................................................................. 66 3.2 Apples of shame ............................................................................................................................................................ 72 3.3 Failed couples: The Derdons and the Bagots ................................................................................................................. 75 3.4 The oppressiveness of home .......................................................................................................................................... 81 3.5 The falls of affection ..................................................................................................................................................... 85 4. Deep-rooted shame ............................................................................................................................................................. 98 4.1 Carmine, crimson, blush, rose, scarlet, wine, purple, pink, and blood ........................................................................... 98 4.2 Generations of shame .................................................................................................................................................. 101 4.3 Women inhabiting patriarchy ...................................................................................................................................... 105 4.4 Ireland and motherhood ............................................................................................................................................... 110 4.5 Old shame .................................................................................................................................................................... 115 4.6 Belonging .................................................................................................................................................................... 120 5. Conclusion ......................................................................................................................................................................... 127 Works Cited ....................................................................................................................................................................... 132 Thesis Abstract .................................................................................................................................................................. 136 Abstrakt práce.................................................................................................................................................................... 138 Key Words / Klíčová slova ................................................................................................................................................ 140 6 1. Introduction 1.1 About the author and the topic Maeve Brennan was born in Dublin in 1917, where she grew up, and spent her adult life in New York, writing for The New Yorker. She contributed to the “Talk of the Town” section of the magazine under the pseudonym “the long-winded lady”. A collection of these short texts was published in 1969 under the title The Long-Winded Lady: Notes from the New Yorker, identifying Maeve Brennan as their author. This part of her work serves as a unique probe into life in New York around the 1960s as a young, independent woman would have experienced it. Brennan also wrote short stories, a few of which take place at an exclusive residential area called Herbert’s Retreat, where women compete for dominance. It seems that all the families employ Irish maids, whose contempt for the American homeowners shapes the narratives. Brennan, the daughter of the Irish ambassador to
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Journal of Languages, Texts, and Society
    Journal of Languages, SARAH BURTON LOUIS COTGROVE Texts, and FRANCESCA LEVERIDGE Society EMMA PUTLAND Issue 4 Winter 2020 JO GORE CHRISTINA on gender and MATSUO economic POST inequalities on gender in American storybooks EDWARD O’ROURKE on women’s DEBORAH responses to K. SYMONS urban ROLDÁN regeneration translates their story “The Illness” MORRIGAN AUXLAND on adding a neutral gender to Portuguese & book reviews AI SHU CHRISTINE MUIR, JESSICA FLORENT, by EDWARD on concept AND DAVID LEACH CLAY and history in the on creating a “group-directed motivational RUBY Taiping current” in language classrooms HAWLEY- Rebellion SIBBETT Journal of Languages, Texts, and Society Issue 4 Winter 2020 License (open access): This is an open-access journal. Unless otherwise noted, all content in the journal is distributed under the terms of a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International license. This license permits the use, re-distribution, reproduction, and adaptation of the material in any medium or format, under the following terms: (a) the original work is properly cited; (b) the material may not be used for commercial purposes; and (c) any use or adaptation of the materials must be distributed under the same terms as the original. For further details, please see the full license at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ Acknowledgements The editors would like to thank everyone who has contributed to, produced, edited, and supported the making of Issue 4. We would also like to thank Louis Cotgrove for providing our
    [Show full text]
  • BRENNAN, MAEVE. Maeve Brennan Papers, 1948-1981
    BRENNAN, MAEVE. Maeve Brennan papers, 1948-1981 Emory University Stuart A. Rose Manuscript, Archives, and Rare Book Library Atlanta, GA 30322 404-727-6887 [email protected] Descriptive Summary Creator: Brennan, Maeve. Title: Maeve Brennan papers, 1948-1981 Call Number: Manuscript Collection No. 1142 Extent: 2.75 linear feet (6 boxes) and 1 oversized papers box (OP) Abstract: Papers of Irish American author Maeve Brennan including personal papers, writings by Brennan, writings by others, and printed material. Language: Materials entirely in English. Administrative Information Restrictions on Access Unrestricted access. Terms Governing Use and Reproduction All requests subject to limitations noted in departmental policies on reproduction. Related Materials in Other Repositories Robert Brennan and Maeve Brennan papers, University of Delaware Library, Special Collections Source Purchased from Glenn Horowitz Bookseller, 2010. One subsequent addition of a letter and clippings collected by Ray A. Roberts were purchased from Horowitz in 2011. Custodial History The Rose Library purchased this collection from book dealer Glenn Horowitz in 2010. The original owner bought it in the early 1970s as the unknown contents of a trunk sold at an auction of abandoned items from a storage facility in Wellfleet, Massachusetts. During the 1960s, Brennan spent her summers in the town. Emory Libraries provides copies of its finding aids for use only in research and private study. Copies supplied may not be copied for others or otherwise distributed without prior consent of the holding repository. Maeve Brennan papers, 1948-1981 Manuscript Collection No. 1142 Citation [after identification of item(s)], Maeve Brennan papers, Stuart A. Rose Manuscript, Archives, and Rare Book Library, Emory University.
    [Show full text]
  • Reading the Irish Woman: Studies in Cultural Encounter and Exchange, 1714–1960
    Reading the Irish Woman: Studies in Cultural Encounter and Exchange, 1714–1960 Meaney, Reading the Irish Woman.indd 1 15/07/2013 12:33:33 Reappraisals in Irish History Editors Enda Delaney (University of Edinburgh) Maria Luddy (University of Warwick) Reappraisals in Irish History offers new insights into Irish history, society and culture from 1750. Recognising the many methodologies that make up historical research, the series presents innovative and interdisciplinary work that is conceptual and interpretative, and expands and challenges the common understandings of the Irish past. It showcases new and exciting scholarship on subjects such as the history of gender, power, class, the body, landscape, memory and social and cultural change. It also reflects the diversity of Irish historical writing, since it includes titles that are empirically sophisticated together with conceptually driven synoptic studies. 1. Jonathan Jeffrey Wright, The ‘Natural Leaders’ and their World: Politics, Culture and Society in Belfast, c.1801–1832 Meaney, Reading the Irish Woman.indd 2 15/07/2013 12:33:33 Reading the Irish Woman Studies in Cultural Encounter and Exchange, 1714–1960 GerArdiNE MEANEY, MARY O’Dowd AND BerNAdeTTE WHelAN liVerPool UNIVersiTY Press Meaney, Reading the Irish Woman.indd 3 15/07/2013 12:33:33 reading the irish woman First published 2013 by Liverpool University Press 4 Cambridge Street Liverpool L69 7ZU Copyright © 2013 Gerardine Meaney, Mary O’Dowd and Bernadette Whelan The rights of Gerardine Meaney, Mary O’Dowd and Bernadette Whelan to be identified as the authors of this book have been asserted by them in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
    [Show full text]
  • 2014, Annual Report
    ABBEY THE ABBEY at RE AMH A RCL A NN N A Ma INIS T RE A CH 2014 Annual Report 2014 ABBEY THEatRE AMHARCLANN NA MaINISTREACH 2014 Annual Report www.abbeytheatre.ie ABBEY THEatRE AMHARCLANN NA MAINISTREACH 2014 Annual Report Annual Report 2014 CONTENTS Chairman’s Welcome 6 Director's Report 10 Financial Overview 20 Our Impact 22 Artistic Programme 24 Awards 36 Literary Programme 38 Community & Education Programme 40 Talks 42 Artistic Development Programme 44 Abbey Theatre Archive 46 Celebrating 110 Years of the Abbey Theatre 47 Moments 48 Staff 62 Board of Directors 64 Supporters & Members 68 Gallery & Reviews 70 Financial Statements Extract 93 Annual Report 2014 As Ireland’s national theatre, our mission is to create a world class national theatre that actively engages with and reflects Irish society. The Abbey Theatre invests in, nurtures and promotes Irish theatre artists. We do this by placing the writer and theatre-maker at the heart of all that we do, commissioning and producing exciting new work and creating discourse and debate on the political, cultural and social issues of the day. Our aim is to present great theatre art in a national context so that the stories told on stage have a resonance with audiences and artists alike. The Abbey Theatre produces an ambitious annual programme of Irish and international theatre across our two stages and on tour in Ireland and internationally, having recently toured to Edinburgh, London, New York and Sydney. The Abbey Theatre is committed to building the Irish theatre repertoire, through commissioning and producing new Irish writing, and re-imagining national and international classics in collaboration with leading contemporary talent.
    [Show full text]
  • The Long-Winded Lady: Notes from the New Yorker Online
    O4lTm [E-BOOK] The Long-Winded Lady: Notes from The New Yorker Online [O4lTm.ebook] The Long-Winded Lady: Notes from The New Yorker Pdf Free Maeve Brennan audiobook | *ebooks | Download PDF | ePub | DOC Download Now Free Download Here Download eBook #651704 in eBooks 2015-04-15 2015-04-15File Name: B00WRITSDI | File size: 18.Mb Maeve Brennan : The Long-Winded Lady: Notes from The New Yorker before purchasing it in order to gage whether or not it would be worth my time, and all praised The Long-Winded Lady: Notes from The New Yorker: 6 of 6 people found the following review helpful. Not long winded. .By David H.But rather almost a saint of observation, wit, integrity to her senses, and always, despite her joy in New York, a sadness infusing the joy. I know no other writer who so weds us to precise scenes and people yet pervades all in a razor sharp combination of the particular and the universal There is no writer to equal Maeve.9 of 10 people found the following review helpful. Good in Short DosesBy J. JamakayaI looked forward to reading this collection of Brennan's New Yorker pieces but have mixed feelings about it. In dozens of short articles, Brennan acts as a sort of sophisticated voyeur, offering detailed observations about personal interactions in the restaurants, hotels, stores and streets of 1950's and 60's Manhattan. She's often perched nearby or gazing through a window witnessing lovers' quarrels, street protests, accidents, traffic patterns - both the drama and minutiae of city life.There's no question Brennan has a keen eye and an ability to capture interesting details about the people she observes.
    [Show full text]
  • 2015, Annual Report
    ABBEY THEatRE AMHARCLANN NA MAINISTREACH 2015 annual report 2015 ANNUAL REPORT CONTENTS About 5 Chairman’s Welcome 6 2005 – 2015 at the Abbey Theatre 14 Overview 29 The Abbey Theatre in Numbers 30 2015 on Our Stages: Director’s Report 32 Artistic Programme 38 Awards 52 Literary 54 Community and Education 56 Abbey Talks 60 Green-Light Programme 63 Archive 66 Handbook of the Irish Revival 67 Diversifying our Income Streams 68 Staff 72 Board of Directors 74 Supporters and Members 80 Gallery and Reviews 83 Directors’ Report and Financial Statements 101 3 ABBEY THEATRE ANNUAL REPORT 2015 As Ireland’s national theatre, our mission is to create a world class national theatre that actively engages with and reflects Irish society. The Abbey Theatre invests in, nurtures and promotes Irish theatre artists. We do this by placing the writer and theatre-maker at the heart of all that we do, commissioning and producing exciting new work and creating discourse and debate on the political, cultural and social issues of the day. Our aim is to present great theatre art in a national context so that the stories told on stage have a resonance with artists and audiences alike. The Abbey Theatre produces an ambitious annual programme of Irish and international theatre across our two stages and on tour in Ireland and internationally, having recently toured to Belfast, Edinburgh, London, New York and Sydney. The Abbey Theatre is committed to building the Irish theatre repertoire, through commissioning and producing new Irish writing, and re-imagining national and international classics in collaboration with leading contemporary talent.
    [Show full text]
  • Irish American Women: Forgotten First-Wave Feminists
    Journal of Feminist Scholarship Volume 3 Issue 3 Fall 2012 Article 5 Fall 2012 Irish American Women: Forgotten First-Wave Feminists Sally Barr Ebest University of Missouri-St. Louis Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/jfs Part of the Feminist, Gender, and Sexuality Studies Commons, Law and Gender Commons, and the Women's History Commons This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 4.0 License. Recommended Citation Ebest, Sally B.. 2018. "Irish American Women: Forgotten First-Wave Feminists." Journal of Feminist Scholarship 3 (Fall): 56-69. https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/jfs/vol3/iss3/5 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@URI. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of Feminist Scholarship by an authorized editor of DigitalCommons@URI. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Ebest: Irish American Women Irish American Women: Forgotten First-Wave Feminists Sally Barr Ebest, University of Missouri–St. Louis Abstract: Numerous books have been written about American feminism and its influence on education and society. But none have recognized the key role played by Irish American women in exposing injustice and protecting their rights. Certainly their literary heritage, inherent knowledge of English, and membership in the single largest ethnic group gave them an advantage. But their dual positions as colonized, second-class citizens of their country and their religion gave them their political edge, a trait that has been evident since the Irish first stepped off the boat and that continues to this day. This essay focuses on the first wave of these feminist messages by introducing Irish American writers and activists who emerged between the 1830s and 1960s.
    [Show full text]
  • Maeve Brennan • “The Servants' Dance” • Lecture/Exam Notes
    Maeve Brennan • “The Servants’ Dance” • Lecture/Exam Notes Revolutionary Parents: Una & Bob Brennan ¶1 • Although in essence an American author, Maeve Brennan (pictured on the left) was born in Dublin, Ireland, in 1917. Her father, Bob Brennan, and her mother, Anastasia (“Una”) Bolger, met when both were members of the Gaelic League (Conradh na Gaeilge), an organization established in 1893 with the ambition of reviving Gaeilge, the ancient (versus modern) language indigenous to Ireland. Gaeilge had been rendered a minority tongue due to the Stanley Education Act (1831), the Great Hunger (1840s), and other factors. One of the entities that advanced Ireland’s Cultural Revival of the late-nineteenth and early- twentieth centuries, the Gaelic League operated co-ed, adult language classes throughout Ireland and in Irish communities abroad. (Founded in 1896, the successful London branch published its own journal.) Another feature of the Gaelic League’s educational strategy was summer schools in Gaeltachtaí: zones where Gaeilge remained the only or primary spoken language, such as the Aran Islands, off the coast of County Galway in the West of Ireland. These enterprises developed a reputation as fora for dating. In James Joyce’s “The Dead,” the university-educated Molly Ivors encourages her fellow schoolteacher Gabriel Conroy to attend a Gaelic League summer school on the Aran Islands, along with some of their contemporaries. She challenges him: “[H]aven’t you your own language to keep in touch with — Irish?” ¶2 •In addition to cultural nationalism, Bob and Una Brennan became active in physical- force nationalism in their home county of Wexford in southeastern Ireland.
    [Show full text]
  • Irishness in North American Women's Writing
    Irishness in North American Women’s Writing Ellen McWilliams Irishness in North American Women’s Writing Transatlantic Affinities Ellen McWilliams Department of English University of Exeter Exeter, UK ISBN 978-1-137-53789-8 ISBN 978-1-137-53788-1 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-53788-1 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021 The author(s) has/have asserted their right(s) to be identified as the author(s) of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and informa- tion in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made.
    [Show full text]
  • Irish American Women: Forgotten First-Wave Feminists Sally Barr Ebest, University of Missouri–St
    Irish American Women: Forgotten First-Wave Feminists Sally Barr Ebest, University of Missouri–St. Louis Abstract: Numerous books have been written about American feminism and its influence on education and society. But none have recognized the key role played by Irish American women in exposing injustice and protecting their rights. Certainly their literary heritage, inherent knowledge of English, and membership in the single largest ethnic group gave them an advantage. But their dual positions as colonized, second-class citizens of their country and their religion gave them their political edge, a trait that has been evident since the Irish first stepped off the boat and that continues to this day. This essay focuses on the first wave of these feminist messages by introducing Irish American writers and activists who emerged between the 1830s and 1960s. It locates Irish American women’s influence in three different, yet overlapping milieus—political activism, journalism, and literature. Keywords: feminism, Irish American literature, Irish American women, Irish women, first-wave feminism, feminist literary history Copyright by Sally Barr Ebest Numerous books have been written about American feminism and its influence on education and society. But none have recognized the key role played by Irish American women in exposing women’s issues and protecting their rights. Certainly their literary heritage, inherent knowledge of English, and membership in the single largest immigrant ethnic group in the United States gave them an advantage (Fanning 2001). But their dual positions as colonized, second-class citizens of their country and their religion gave them their political edge. This trait has been evident since the Irish first stepped off the boat and it continues to this day.
    [Show full text]
  • DTF Brochure 2011
    INDIVIDUAL INDDEUPBLEIN NDENT INSELOPVEAS RABLE DRAMA Sept 29 – Oct 16 CHAIRMAN IRISH THEATRE TRUST BENEFIT NIGHT TITLE SPONSOR GRANT AIDED BY Declan Collier The Trust funds projects and initiatives Every year a group of corporate aimed at inspiring, cultivating and and individual patrons support the COUNCIL celebrating emerging and established Festival through their attendance at Bobbie Bergin artists and enhancing the vitality of Irish our BeneIt Night. We would like to Michael Colgan theatre. We would like to thank the thank all our patrons for their support. Michael Collins following patrons for their generous For more information, contact PRINCIPAL SPONSOR Peter Crowley support of the Trust: [email protected]. Garry Hynes Pauline McLynn Founding Patrons PRESENTING PARTNERS Terence O’Rourke Peter Crowley, FL Partners Abbey Theatre Gavin Quinn Denis Desmond Gate Theatre Dermot Desmond The Ark, A Culture Centre for Children OFFICIAL ACCOMMODATION PROVIDER ARTISTIC DIRECTOR AND Moya Doherty & John McColgan CHIEF EXECUTIVE Denis O’Brien VOLUNTEERS Loughlin Deegan Rosaleen O’Kane Each year the Festival beneIts from the dedicated commitment of a large team of DIRECTOR OF PROGRAMME Patrons enthusiastic volunteers who literally help AND PRODUCTION Declan Collier & Jan Winter us run the show. In exchange for their free OFFICIAL MEDIA PARTNER Stephen McManus Gay Moloney time we oHer a true and engaged Festival experience. Volunteers are required from GENERAL MANAGER FRIENDS OF THE FESTIVAL September and primarily for the duration Tríona Ní Dhuibhir Directors’ Circle of the Festival September 29 – October 16. Sarah Durcan (maternity cover) Dermot S. L. Butler For more information and an application Michael & Jane Collins form please contact the Festival oJce ONLINE MEDIA PARTNER MARKETING MANAGER Peter Crowley & Clodagh O’Brien on 01 677 8439, look up the website: Shauna Lyons Gay Moloney www.dublintheatrefestival.com or email Vincent O’Doherty [email protected].
    [Show full text]
  • Maeve Brennan and the Afterlife of Urban Renewal
    In the Path of the Wreckers: Maeve Brennan and the Afterlife of Urban Renewal Edward O’Rourke University of Edinburgh Introduction In the summer of 1955, the New Yorker published a piece entitled “The Last Days of New York City.” It was written by Maeve Brennan, a young Irish staff writer at the magazine. The short, somewhat disjointed story is a snapshot of 1950s Manhattan in the teeth of urban renewal. Regretting the loss of one home, one hotel, one terrace of houses after another, it foreshadows a major theme of her later writing, and indeed of New York City itself, in the decades that would follow. Through the prism of Brennan’s exact narration, this paper looks at the large-scale urban regeneration, typified by “master builder” Robert Moses, which shaped and reshaped New York over much of the twentieth century. It further examines the impact of the reconfigured cityscape on the lives of women, particularly single women, and the expressions of dissent with which they responded to these changes. Women were amongst the most antithetical of Moses’ opponents, many of them writers like Brennan, and Journal of Languages, Texts, and Society, Vol. 4 (2020), 37–59. © 2020 by Edward O’Rourke. 38 E. O’Rourke ......................................................................................................................... many more mothers concerned for the safety of their families, their neighbourhoods, and their children, ranged in serried rows before the bulldozers, a formidable phalanx of perambulators (Peters 4; Caro 984- 992). According to Catalina Neculai, writers in the 1950s and ‘60s, “took overt interest in the literary articulation of spatial knowledge: short stories, novels and poems alike, became the writers’ own responses to the changes that were taking place in their neighbourhoods and in their city” (10-11).
    [Show full text]