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Wirtschaftsarchiv Dortmund (Hg.) Stiftung Westfälisches Wirtschaftsarchiv Dortmund (Hg.) Band 3 Der Ruhrbergbau im Nationalsozialismus Stiftung Westfälisches Wirtschaftsarchiv Dortmund (Hg.) Wirtschafts- und sozialgeschichtliche Quellen für die historisch-politische Bildung in Westfalen Band 1 Migration im Ruhrbergbau bearbeitet von Karl Lauschke, Katja Schlecking und Johannah Weber Gefördert von In Kooperation mit Wirtschafts- und sozialgeschichtliche Quellen für die historisch-politische Bildung in Westfalen, herausgegeben von Karl-Peter Ellerbrock © Stiftung Westfälisches Wirtschaftsarchiv Märkische Straße 120 44141 Dortmund Umschlagbild vorne: Drei Generationen Bergleute, in: Harpen. Werkzeitschrift der Harpener Bergbau-A.G. 12 (1937), Nr. 10/IV, S. 113; WWA P 824; Umschlagbild Rückseite: Kohlengewinnung mit dem Abbauhammer, in: Hans Spethmann: Das Ruhrgebiet im Wechselspiel von Land und Leuten, Wirtschaft, Technik und Politik, Bd.3 Das Ruhrrevier der Gegenwart, Berlin 1938, S. 727 © 2021 Aschendorff Verlag GmbH & Co. KG, Münster www.aschendorff-buchverlag.de Layout/Satz: satzbild, Philipp Czogalla / Aschendorff Verlag, Julian Krause Das Werk ist urheberrechtlich geschützt. Die dadurch begründeten Rechte, insbesondere die der Übersetzung, des Nach- drucks, der Entnahme von Abbildungen, der Funk sendung, der Wiedergabe auf fotomechanischem oder ähnlichem Wege und der Speicherung in Daten verarbeitungsanlagen bleiben, auch bei nur auszugsweiser Verwertung, vorbehalten. Die Vergütungsansprüche des § 54, Abs. 2, UrhG werden durch die Verwertungsgesellschaft Wort wahrgenommen. Printed in Germany Gedruckt auf säurefreiem, alterungsbeständigem Papier ∞ ISBN 978-3-402-24753-2 Stiftung Westfälisches Wirtschaftsarchiv Dortmund (Hg.) Wirtschafts- und sozialgeschichtliche Quellen für die historisch-politische Bildung in Westfalen Band 31 DerMigration Ruhrbergbau im Ruhrbergbau im Nationalsozialismus bearbeitet von Karl Lauschke, Katja Schlecking und Johannah Weber bearbeitet von Viktoria Heppe, Sebastian Kurtenbach und Gabriele Unverferth INHALT Grußwort der Ministerin für Schule und Bildung des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen, Yvonne Gebauer ....................................................................... 5 Zum Geleit ........................................................................... 5 Johannah Weber Arbeiten im Westfälischen Wirtschaftsarchiv ........................................... 6 Gabriele Unverferth Der Ruhrbergbau im Nationalsozialismus .............................................. 12 Viktoria Heppe Täterforschung und Ruhrbergbau im Nationalsozialismus .............................. 21 Viktoria Heppe / Sebastian Kurtenbach / Gabriele Unverferth Methodisch-didaktische Anregungen und die Arbeit mit den Quellen .................. 26 Die Organisation des Ruhrbergbaus und seine Einbindung in das nationalsozialistische Wirtschaftssystem ......................................... 26 Der Topos der Arbeit im Nationalsozialismus und seine ideologische Einordnung 33 Der Ruhrkohlenbergbau und seine Bedeutung für die Kriegswirtschaft .......... 46 Das Verhältnis zwischen Staat und Unternehmer im Ruhrbergbau während des Nationalsozialismus ............................................... 54 Die Einordnung unternehmerischen Handelns im Nationalsozialismus im wissenschaftlichen Diskurs .................................................. 59 Glossar ............................................................................... 62 Quellenverzeichnis ................................................................... 67 Literatur zum Ruhrbergbau und zur Täterforschung .................................... 69 3 Grußwort ver Industriestandorte. So kann der Besuch im Westfälischen Wirtschaftsarchiv nicht nur historisches Wissen, sondern auch regionale Identität aufbauen. Gegenwart und Zukunft unserer Region sind mit ihrem bergbaulichen Erbe untrennbar verbunden. Das Arbeitsheft zum Ruhrbergbau im Natio- nalsozialismus bietet einen sehr guten Ein- stieg zum demokratischen Lernen im Archiv. Es gibt nicht nur Hilfestellungen zur Recher- che in unseren Archiven. Mit seiner zu unseren Kernlehrplänen passenden Quellenauswahl Liebe Leserinnen und Leser, ist es auch eine Einladung an unsere Schulen, den Lernort Archiv regelmäßig in den Unter- wenn Lernangebote Schülerinnen und Schü- richt mit einzubinden. Ich würde mich sehr ler selbst recherchieren, handeln und ge- freuen, wenn dieses großartige Angebot des stalten lassen, dann ist dies modellhaft für Westfälischen Wirtschaftsarchivs rege genutzt ein demokratisches Geschichtslernen. Für wird – vielleicht sogar in einer Bildungspart- das Lernen im Archiv gilt es in besonderem nerschaft. Im Rahmen von Bildungspartner Maße. Denn Archive sind Lernorte, an denen NRW, einer landesweiten Initiative des Mi- alle Bürgerinnen und Bürger die Vergangen- nisteriums für Schule und Bildung und der heit aus Originalquellen erschließen, für sich beiden Landschaftsverbände, kooperiert das deuten und einordnen können. Westfälische Wirtschaftsarchiv seit Jahren er- Beim Rekonstruieren vergangener Ereignis- folgreich mit Schulen der Region. se, von dem, was wir Geschichte nennen, Anhand ganz unterschiedlicher Quellen werden Kinder und Jugendliche als Erzähle- führt die Publikation den Schülerinnen und rinnen und Erzähler selbst aktiv. Geschichte Schülern vor Augen, wie der Ruhrbergbau in ist niemals abgeschlossen. kurzer Zeit in das nationalsozialistische Wirt- Die Freiheit, aus den eigenen Fragen an die schaftsgefüge eingliedert wurde und wie Vergangenheit und den darauf gefundenen bereitwillig sich erhebliche Teile der Unter- Antworten eigene Schlüsse zu ziehen, das nehmerschaft der menschenverachtenden macht eine demokratische Erinnerungskul- Ideologie des NS-Staates anschlossen. tur aus. Darum ist es wichtig, dass Schülerinnen und Das Lernen im Archiv hat noch einen wei- Schüler dazu befähigt werden, die Wirtschaft teren ganz entscheidenden Vorteil: Durch unserer Gesellschaft auf demokratische Wei- den meist regionalen Bezug knüpfen die se mitzugestalten. Inhalte an konkrete Erfahrungen der Ler- Indem diese Publikation die antidemokra- nenden an, an Erzählungen aus der Familie, tischen Merkmale einer gleichgeschalteten an eigene Lebenswelten oder auch den ver- Wirtschaft offenlegt, leistet sie auch dazu trauten Anblick ehemaliger oder noch akti- einen wertvollen Beitrag. Ihre Yvonne Gebauer Ministerin für Schule und Bildung des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen 4 Zum Geleit Im Jahr 2010 hat das Westfälische Wirt- und konstruktive Zusammenarbeit bei unse- schaftsarchiv (WWA) begonnen, sich sys- ren archivbezogenen Schulprojekten. tematisch mit archivdidaktischen Themen Mit dem vorliegenden dritten Heft der 2016 zu beschäftigen, um im Rahmen seines begründeten Schriftenreihe „Wirtschafts- historisch politischen Bildungsauftrags und sozialgeschichtliche Quellen für die his- neben Studenten und Studentinnen auch torisch-politische Bildung in Westfalen“ wird Schüler und Schülerinnen als Zielgruppe ein wichtiger Brückenschlag zwischen der zu erreichen. Als Beitrag zur kulturellen Bil- regionalen Wirtschaftsgeschichte und der dung möchten wir schon Schülerinnen und politischen Geschichte vollzogen. Gerade Schüler mit Archiven vertraut machen und die kritische Aufarbeitung der politischen In- bestehende Hemmschwellen gegenüber strumentalisierung des Ruhrbergbaus, im 20. Archivbesuchen abbauen. Andererseits soll Jahrhundert die prägende wirtschaftliche durch die identitätsstiftende Beschäftigung Branche des Ruhrgebiets, kann der heran- mit der Wirtschaftsgeschichte „vor Ort“ wachsenden Generation nicht nur wichtige die Vermittlung von Wirtschaftswissen im Orientierungshilfen bei der Aneignung von Schulalltag verankert werden, denn ohne Wirtschaftswissen vermitteln, sondern auch wirtschaftliche Grundkenntnisse ist unsere zur politischen Meinungsbildung und damit moderne Welt kaum mehr erklärbar und zu auch zur Festigung unseres Demokratiever- verstehen. Mittlerweile ist das WWA im Rah- ständnisses beitragen. men der Initiative „Bildungspartner NRW“, die Unser Dank gilt der RAG-Stiftung, ohne deren von der Landesregierung ins Leben gerufen finanzielle Förderung der vorliegende Band wurde, drei institutionalisierte Bildungspart- nicht hätte erscheinen können. Viktoria Hep- nerschaften mit Dortmunder Gymnasien ein- pe, die im WWA für die Archivpädagogik ver- gegangen und hat sich zu einem beliebten antwortlich ist, hat den vorliegenden Band außerschulischen Lernort entwickelt. Rund bearbeitet. Sie wurde fachkundig unterstützt 500 Schülerinnen und Schüler der 8. Klasse von Gabriele Unverferth, ehemalige wissen- und von Leistungskursen kommen so jähr- schaftliche Mitarbeiterin im WWA und exzel- lich zu uns und begegnen in unserem Archiv lente Kennerin der Bergbaugeschichte, und vielfältigen Quellen zur wirtschaftlichen, so- dem Geschichtslehrer Sebastian Kurtenbach, zialen und technischen Entwicklung seit der der die didaktischen Kommentierungen vorindustriellen Zeit und ihrem strukturellen übernommen hat. Unser Dank gilt schließ- Wandel bis zur Gegenwart. Wir danken der lich Andreas Weinhold von „Bildungspartner Bezirksregierung Arnsberg, namentlich Frau NRW“ für seine Unterstützung. Sandra Pohl, für die schulfachliche Beratung Dortmund, im Oktober 2020 Dr. Karl-Peter Ellerbrock Direktor der Stiftung Westfälisches Wirt- schaftsarchiv 5 Johannah Weber Arbeiten im Westfälischen Wirtschaftsarchiv Was ist ein Archiv? Regionale Wirtschaftsarchive in Deutschland Was ist eigentlich ein Archiv, was verwahrt es? Welche Arten von Archiven gibt es? Um 1900 wurden erste
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