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Biodiversidade Do Delta Do Parnaíba.Pdf FICHA CATALOGRÁFICA ELABORADA PELA BIBLIOTECA SETORIAL PROF. CÂNDIDO ATHAYDE – CAMPUS DE PARNAIBA G993b Guzzi, Anderson Biodiversidade do Delta do Parnaíba: litoral piauiense. / Anderson Guzzi. – org. Parnaíba: EDUFPI, 2012. 466p. il. 1. Delta do Parnaíba – Biodiversidade – Pesquisas. 2. Delta do Parnaíba – Ecologia. 3. Educação Ambiental – Delta – Litoral Pauiense. I. Alves, Maria Helena – colab. II. Andrade, Ivanilza Moreira de – colab. III. Lima, Eudes Ferreira – colab. IV. Título CDD – 574.5 ISBN. 978-85-7463538-5 PREFÁCIO O Delta do Rio Parnaíba é considerado o terceiro maior do mundo e o único encontrado no Continente Americano a desaguar diretamente no oceano, possui uma ampla área de cobertura com cerca de 2.750 Km², e é caracterizado como um complexo mosaico de ecossistemas entrecortados por baías e estuários. Situado entre os Estados do Piauí e Maranhão, caracteriza-se como uma região fluvio-marinha bastante dinâmica formada pela tensão ecológica entre as formações de Cerrado, Caatinga e Sistemas marinhos. Devido à sua alta produtividade primária é considerado como um santuário reprodutivo para inúmeras espécies migratórias. Apesar da influência desses biomas e da grande extensão, pouco se sabe sobre a biodiversidade encontrada na região. Trabalhos que enfoquem a biodiversidade do Delta são recentes e bastante escassos. A grande heterogeneidade de ambientes encontrada no Delta oferece diferentes condições de hábitats, o que possibilita a distribuição da fauna e flora de acordo com as características ambientais adequadas para o desenvolvimento de cada espécie. O objetivo desse livro foi organizar e divulgar as principais pesquisas desenvolvidas no Delta, tanto dos professores e alunos da UFPI e UESPI, quanto de ONGs locais, e está organizado em capítulos de forma a resgatar a ordem filogenética das espécies (Algas, Fungos, Plantas, Peixes, Anfíbios, Répteis, Aves e Mamíferos), e alguns desses capítulos apresentam o conhecimento tradicional das comunidades locais, outros caracterizam os principais aspectos socioeconômicos da região e há um fechamento do livro com atividades de educação ambiental, pois o homem, além de fazer parte do meio ambiente, quando consciente é responsável por sua manutenção. Os autores SUMÁRIO 1. MACROALGAS VERDES DA APA DELTA DO PARNAÍBA, LITORAL PIAUIENSE 1.1. INTRODUÇÃO............................................................................................................20 1.2. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS............................................................................................21 1.2.1. Área de coleta..........................................................................................................21 1.2.2. Coleta e processamento de material ficológico........................................................21 1.3. RESULTADOS E DISCUSSÃO..................................................................................22 REFERÊNCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS...................................................................................30 2. FUNGOS DA APA DELTA DO PARNAÍBA, LITORAL PIAUIENSE 2.1. INTRODUÇÃO............................................................................................................35 2.2. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS............................................................................................40 2.3. RESULTADOS E DISCUSSSÃO................................................................................42 2.4. CONCLUSÕES...........................................................................................................52 REFERÊNCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS...................................................................................53 3. DIVERSIDADE DE FANERÓGAMAS DO DELTA DO PARNAÍBA, LITORAL PIAUIENSE 3.1. INTRODUÇÃO............................................................................................................63 3.2. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS............................................................................................64 3.2.1. Caracterização da área de estudo...........................................................................64 3.2.2. Metodologia..............................................................................................................65 3.3. RESULTADOS............................................................................................................67 REFERÊNCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS...................................................................................74 ESPÉCIES REGISTRADAS NO DELTA DO PARNAÍBA, LITORAL PIAUIENSE.............92 Vegetação do Delta do Parnaíba, litoral Piauiense.........................................................110 4. ICTIOFAUNA DO DELTA DO RIO PARNAIBA, LITORAL PIAUIENSE 4.1. O RIO PARNAÍBA.....................................................................................................116 4.2. O DELTA DO RIO PARNAÍBA..................................................................................116 4.3. OS PEIXES DO DELTA............................................................................................119 4.4. CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS......................................................................................137 REFERÊNCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS................................................................................138 5. ESPÉCIES COMERCIAIS DE PEIXES DO DELTA DO PARNAÍBA, LITORAL PIAUIENSE 5.1. INTRODUÇÃO..........................................................................................................140 5.2. OBJETIVOS..............................................................................................................141 5.3. METODOLOGIA.......................................................................................................141 5.4. RESULTADOS E DISCUSSÃO................................................................................142 ESPÉCIES COMERCIAIS DE PEIXES DO DELTA DO PARNAÍBA...............................151 5.5. CONCLUSÕES.........................................................................................................206 REFERÊNCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS................................................................................206 6. DIVERSIDADE DE ANFÍBIOS DO DELTA DO PARNAÍBA, LITORAL PIAUIENSE 6.1. INTRODUÇÃO..........................................................................................................209 6.2. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS.........................................................................................213 6.2.1. Área de estudo.......................................................................................................213 6.2.2. Levantamento da anurofauna................................................................................217 6.2.3. Análises estatísticas..............................................................................................218 6.2.4. Variáveis ambientais..............................................................................................220 6.2.5. Análise dos dados..................................................................................................221 6.3. RESULTADOS..........................................................................................................224 6.3.1. Composição e estrutura das comunidades de anfíbios.........................................224 6.3.2. Ocorrência temporal..............................................................................................236 6.3.3. Variáveis ambientais..............................................................................................239 6.3.4. Relação entre as Comunidades de anfíbios e as variáveis ambientais.................240 6.4. DISCUSSÃO.............................................................................................................243 6.4.1. Composição e estrutura das comunidades de anfíbios.........................................243 6.4.2. Ocorrência temporal..............................................................................................244 6.4.3. Variáveis ambientais..............................................................................................246 6.4.4. Associação entre a composição das espécies e as variáveis locais.....................248 6.5. CONCLUSÕES.........................................................................................................254 REFERÊNCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS................................................................................256 7. TARTARUGAS MARINHAS DO LITORAL PIAUIENSE 7.1. INTRODUÇÃO..........................................................................................................270 7.2 METODOLOGIA........................................................................................................270 7.2.1. Levantamento de dados reprodutivos....................................................................270 7.2.1.1. O monitoramento de desova...............................................................................271 7.2.1.2. O comportamento reprodutivo............................................................................271 7.2.1.3. O monitoramento de ninho.................................................................................272 7.2.2. Levantamento de dados não reprodutivos.............................................................273 7.2.2.1. Classificação causa mortis.................................................................................274 7.3 RESULTADOS...........................................................................................................275
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