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Home , Arya Samaj, Dayananda Saraswati, Satyarth Prakash, Vishnu Prabhakar

International Journal of Research 2015; 1(4): 18-21

ISSN: 2394-7519 IJSR 2015; 1(4): 18-21 Dayanand And In The View Of © 2015 IJSR Prabhakar www.sanskritjournal.com Received: 29-03-2015 Accepted: 23-04-2015 Ranjan Lata

Ranjan Lata Research Scholar, Jawaharlal Introduction Nehru University, New We all are‘Manushya’ or human beings. ‘Manushya’ is the person, one who ‘Matva Karmani Seevyanti ’. It means, who does every work mindfully. It is said that the one who is far away

from mistakes is only . But we are human beings. We make many types of mistakes. In the history of Indian civilization, we have done many types of mistakes by which we have become slaves. Many saints, reformers came and take us away from ignorant darkness of blind and slavery. Among those reformers one reformer is `’.

‘’ is also a great scholar of Literature. He had written many books in his lifetime. He was affected by many scholars, whose description had been done by him in his book “Hamare Path Pradarshak” and ``Sampoorna Nibandh’’. In those books he also commented his views on ‘Dayananda Saraswati’. In this paper I want to discuss his views on

Dayananda Saraswati who was little different from all other reformers at that time. He preceded his reform on the basis of Indian culture not by the path of Western culture. We are Indians and love our country very much. To protect our Bharat Mata We fought foreigners many times. We also know that against every evil there comes a revolution. It is

well said that revolution which starts socially is more effective than politically. It is said if you want to flourish any country then make a socially attempt about it and if you want to ruin a country attack on its social life. And so sad that the second one had happened in our country. got freedom in 1947 and gets rid of the Britishers’s rule. But it was not only one day

task. There was a huge line of revolutionaries, and social reformers and their revolution and reform behind this freedom. Here we talk about social reformers specially. It is true that there were many attackers who ruled over India. But among them and British rulers were more effective than others. There `Mahaveer’,`Buddha’, ` Nanak Dev’, `Shivaji’,`

Maharana Pratap’, and others are the main powerful personality for social and political change. In modern India there came huge events of reforms and reformers like `Raja ’, `Ram Paramhans’, and `Vivekanand ’,` Ishwarchandra Vidyasagar’, etc are the main names of that time They were as a result against the orthodox spreading all over India.

These reformers try to do their best for welfare of everyone living in our country. No matter anyone is `Hindu’, `Muslim’, ‘Sikh’, or ‘Christian’, But this is the time of British Empire so they all influenced by them in their own way. Among them in 19th century there came a reformer named ‘Dayananda Saraswati’ who was

not directly influenced by the methods and language of British Rulers and have a kind of proud for Indian culture and civilization. He wanted ‘’ means the ‘Administration of self’ or ‘Democracy’. He says when God has made us free to do any work as we want, then who Britishers to make us slave are. In the words of ‘Aacharya Jabdekar’ --

“There should be reform in Hindu Religion, propagate one God all over. It should be said that there is oneness in all Religions. In this way his strong will was to throw out the darkness or differences of all religions and to spread the sunshine of one world religion everywhere” [1]. According ‘Vishnu Prabhakar --- Correspondence Ranjan Lata ‘Dayanand Saraswati’ was a great personality. He himself says `In what ways Religion should Research Scholar, Jawaharlal establish in the society, that is not done.’ He was a wonderer. He always wonders in the search Nehru University, of and that ‘God’ who make us free.

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‘Dayanand Saraswati’ was a great patriotic person. He was ‘Dayananda had a great intelligence of his Guru ‘Dandi also famous for his ‘PAKHNADA KHANDINI PATAKA’ Virjananda’ who had recognized the ability of Dayananda. because he says that everything demands its ‘Khandan’ after That’s why he pours all his knowledge in his able pupil named that it demands its ‘Mandan’. He himself wanted the unity of Dayananda. At the time of Guru Dakshina Dayananda gave the society. In this respect he says in his book ‘SATYARTH ‘Laungas’ to his Guruji. He did not accept it and said that it is PRAKASH—‘whatever thoughts are similar in all community not what I want? I want that you will throw away the those should be accepted and discarded the falsity in all ignorance of all countrymen and to remove all the orthodoxies. ‘MATAS’ [2] I wish to you ‘Make busy all persons to keep `Devotion’ again In another place Vishnu Prabhakar says about Dayananda— to . As Vedas were misinterpreted by others. So you “He did not accept ‘’ better in any way than Hindu should return all of them again towards Vedas. Spend your life Religion, but he accepted that there are many good persons in active like the water of Ganga and Yamuna. This is my Guru Christians also” [3]. Dakshina [12]. “Narrowness is totally out from the life of Dayananda. There Vishnu Prabhakar says that at that time Hindu has were `Father Scott’ & Lal Bihari, `Moniar Williams’, and `Sir become only mixture of orthodoxies and untouchable feelings Syad Ahamad’ among his friend circle’’ [4]. among each other, and scholarly showing. `ISLAM’ and In this matter Prof. G. wise had written a letter to Dayananda `CHRISTIAN’ are new religions in India. There was life and for mutual cooperation and said to him, `European Christian activeness [13]. views are not based on proper ways. So I have a keen interest In this way they were attacking on Hindu Religion. At that to know about the real nature of `Arya Dharma’ [5]. crucial time Dayananda had tried to reform all the orthodoxies This was the demand of that time. In his view ‘Swaraj’ is the of the nation. He had to do much more for his country but due backbone of the freedom fighting [6]. `Slaveness’ is death.’ to many reasons his revolution didn’t become so much According Narasingha Panda, `All these quotations will effective. For whom (especially ), he was doing all convince the reader that the ancient had worshipped these, and they themselves accepted him as his rival. only one God. Thus Dayananda’s interpretations which Sufi Saint Rahim Bakhsha has said giving his deep hearted establishes this fact before the scholars must be admitted as a Sraddhanjali to Dayananda – very good attempt for understanding the purpot of Vedic ``Dayananda ne hi is mulk ko gahari neend se jagaya. Hai teachings.’ Further he says that - ``In this way Maharshi afsosa ki evaz me hamne unhe jahar pilaya. Dayananda Saraswati has contributed a lot to the Vedic Hindu ho, chahe ho musalman, is mulka Hind ka, insaf se bolo interpretation, for which we have got some positive ki Dayananda tha is jamaane me informations and also a new direction to read and to Rahnuma’’[14] understand the Vedas in proper manner, for the welfare of the Vishnu Prabhakar wrote that He was also an admirer of society’’ [7]. Samaj and other reformers who wanted to reform their Dayananda said to Bishop of Cents Peter Church, ``If you and country. we and all the noble intellectual leaders will propound only He says in his book ‘’ - “Whatever good those teachings which are common in all religions, then Unity reforms have been done by ‘Brahma Samaj’ and ‘Prathna can be maintained, and then atheist protesters will only be in Samaj’ is done by the influence of Christianity [15]. the opposite.’’ But no one became agree on his views. It is a matter of praise but they have very less patriotic He used to say, “There should be reform in Hindu Religion, emotions for their country. They have taken many rules from propagate one `God’ all over. It should be said that there is them. According to western thought they have changed their oneness in all Religions and in this way his strong will was to daily routine and cultural behavior. They believe that there are throw out the darkness of all the differences of all religions not any great Indian ancestors except Britishers” [16]. and to spread the sunshine of world religion everywhere” [8]. According Vishnu Prabhakar, Dayananda has not According Vishnu Prabhakar, Dayanand was a great propagate any new philosophy, but he has taken out Vedas personality. He himself says “In what ways Religion should from the administration of ‘’ and made them easily establish in the society that is not done in our society” [9]. available for all human-beings. He has made the rule – ‘Veda It’s true that Brahma Samaj was totally affected to Western is the book of all true vidyas, and it is the foremost duty of all Education. In the time of `Keshav Chandra Sen’ it became to read, teach and to hear and to make listened to others [17]. totally far away from the ‘BRAHMA’ of the Vedas. According Vishnu Prabhakar – In the view of Vishnu Prabhakar - Before Swami ‘Maharshi Dayananda has said that in Vedas are not only Vivekananda, Dayananda Saraswati had established Arya dharma Grantha, but science also consists in it.’ For this he has Samaj which was totally devoted to Vedic or Indian culture taken the style of and Grammar and also accepted the based revolution. This Revolution was huger than any other of Vedas as ‘Yaugika’. In Yaugikarhta a Dhatu consist revolution at that time [10]. many meanings by which he has proved that `Veda' is not the As it's a saying also that at the time of freedom all Revolutions songs of shepherds but every single word in Veda has many were influenced by Arya Samaj and about 70% of freedom meanings. In this way he has said that science is also in Vedas’ fighters were Arya Samaj related or influenced by Swami [18]. Dayananda. Many Revolutionaries like Shyamji Krishna Before doing Veda Bhashya, he wrote his vow in his book Verma, , Swami Shraddhananda, Chaudhari `Rigvedadibbhashya ’ that in this Veda Bhashya Rambhaj Datt, Dr. Satyapal, Bhai Bal Mukunda Gupta, Ram whatever hymn has possible two type of meanings by shlesh Prasad Bismil, , Lokmanya Tilaka, Dadabhai (Alankara, a figure of speech) like Spiritual and Practical, then Nauroji were either the member of Arya Samaj or related to two types of meanings will be given [19]. Arya Samaj in any way [11]. Dadabhai Nauroji had admitted Arvind also accepts his opinions about dharm and that he had learnt the word `Swaraj’ from the `Satyarth science in vedas, and said that in this field Maharshi Dayanand Prakasha’ of Swami Dayananda. has said very little but should be said very vastly. Vishnu Prabhakar says – Great Arvind has said about him that ---

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“Whatever may be the final complete interpretation of the of society. For him he is immortal person in the cultural and Vedas, Dayananda will be honoured as the first discoverer of national renaissance of India [28]. He has came us out from the the right clues. He has found the keys of the doors the time had ignorant darkness of blind faith. Today we think or do any closed and sent as under the seals of the imprisoned work scientifically. This is the sacrifice of great men like fountains’’ [20]. Dayananda. Now it is our duty to think that intellectuals In the view of Vishnu Prabhakar – `Risies and Maharshies’ have given the essence of their `Tapa ‘Maharshi Dayananda had total devotion to Vedas. He thought and Sadhna’. But reading their work is other thing and not that how can it be possible to impart religious teachings enough, but to live practically according to their and our without the help of Vedas. He wanted the unity of all religions scientific views which is another thing of `Manushya’. So it is so he tried his best in 1877 and in 1880 to unite all the our choice to think what type of the world we want to live. religions on the base all common teachings in every religions. It’s true that he is a great devotee of Vedas which is called the Reference heritage of Hindus by so called persons. But he said that it is 1. Prabhakar, Vishnu, Hamare path pradarshak p.68, related to all human beings means for the whole world. He SampoornNibandh part 3, p.151 (Javadekar, Aacharya, also commented truly on Hindus idol worship system and Aadhunika Bhaarat, p. 52,) uncountable orthodoxies’ [21]. 2. Dayanand, Satyartha-prakasha, 223. According Vishnu Prabhakar – 3. Hamare path pradarshak, 68. ‘Dayananda is just like a messenger of God for all ‘Women’ 4. Hamare path pradarshak, 74. and ‘Sudras’. He opposed the words that ‘Stree Sudrau 5. Letters to Dayananada, 3rd part, ed. Yudhisthira Nadhiyatamiti Shruteh [22]. He says that Women are Mimamsaka, 1982, 85. respectable like ‘Devi’. About ‘Vidhwa Vivah’ he said that in 6. Hamare path pradarshak, 72. the court of God everyone is equal either he may be man or 7. Panda, Narasingha, Maharshi Dayananda Saraswati as an woman’ [23]. interpreter of the Vedas and his unique Contribution to the Dayananda accepts ` System’ not by birth but by their Vedic interpretation : A Study (Paropkari patrika, ‘’. He says that if `Stree’ and `Sudras' have no right to Dayananda Visheshanka) Paropkari Sabha Prakashan, read Vedas then why God has given them ‘Vak’ means `Vaani' 1988. and hearing organs? According to him that person is not 8. Hamare path pradarsha, 68. `Sudra’ who has born in a so called lower , but`Sudra’ is 9. SampoornNibandh part 3, 155. one, who is born in any caste but totally foolish and cannot 10. Hamare path pradarshak, 68. read and write anything either anyone teach him intelligently. 11. Hamare path pradarshak, 73. He has given the right for all persons may be man, woman, or 12. Sampoorn Nibandh part 3, 153. to keep ‘Janeu (yagyopaveet)’. He made his Arya Samaj 13. Sampoorn Nibandh part 3, 156. totally free from but according to Guna and . And 14. Hamare path pradarshak, 75. there He also started doing marriages in all castes and religions 15. Dayananda, Satyartha Prakash, Aarsha Sahitya Prachar [24]. Trust, 2014, 308. According Vishnu Prabhakar ‘Maharshi Dayananda played an 16. Sampoorn Nibandh part 3, 158. important role in the revolution of 1857. As he wondered the 17. Hamare path pradarshak p.70, Sampoorn Nibandh part 3, whole country. He examined the circumstances that now it 154. cannot be possible to be slave much more time. Vishnu 18. Hamare path pradarshak, 70. Prabhakar says that it has been known after by many sources 19. Dayananda, Rigvedadi bhashya bhoomika, Arsh Sahitya that Maharshi Dayananda had played a great role in first Prachar Trust, 1998, 7. freedom fight of 1857. After no success in 1st freedom fight 20. Rasasingh,Rishi Dayananda and his interpretation Nana Sahib decided to suicide. Thinking this he went to methodology, Paropkari Patrika, 1988, 55. Maharshi Dayananda Saraswati. Dayananda stopped him to do 21. Hamare path pradarshak, 71. so and gave him ‘Deeksha’ of ‘Sanyasa’ till the next suitable 22. Dayananda, Satyartha Prakash, Aarsha Sahitya Prachar time not came [25]. After 25 years of this unsuccessful event of Trust, 2014, 67. freedom he wrote in his book ‘SatyarthPrakash’— 23. Hamare path pradarshak,71-72. “Anyone may say anything but own country is the best and not 24. Hamare path pradarshak p.72, Sampoorn Nibandh part 3, all things in foreign administration” [26]. 157. So it can be said that ‘Maharshi Dayanand Saraswati had 25. Hamare path pradarshak, 72. preceded the emotion of ‘Swaraj’ and ‘Swadesi’. He was also 26. Hamare path pradarshak, 72. against the view of taking tax for ‘Salt making’. He has a great 27. Hamare path pradarshak, 72. regard for Farmers as the King of Kings. And he said that the 28. Sampoorn Nibandh part 3, 164. King is the protector of them’ [27]. 29. Dayananda, Satyartha Prakash, Aarsha Sahitya Prachar These are his views which were in saplings and became a tree Trust, 2014. at the time of freedom of 1947. Thus Vishnu Prabhakar says 30. Prabhakar, Vishnu, Sampoorn Nibandh part 3, Prabhat that Maharshi Dayanand views and his Arya Samaj played an Prakashan, Delhi, 1994. important role in each and every revolution of society at the 31. Prabhakar, Vishnu, Hamare path pradarshak, Arya 19th century era. Prakashan Mandal, Gandhi Nagar, Delhi, 1991. He always used to say, `` I have not a bit imagination or idea 32. Letters to Dayananada, 3rd part, ed. Yudhisthira to propound a new `Pantha’ or `Mata’ ; but I wish to accept Mimamsaka, 1982. myself the truth and reject the fiction and want for others to do 33. Rasasingh, Rishi Dayananda and his interpretation so. methodology, Paropkari Patrika, 1988. At last it can be said that Dayanand was a great and patriotic 34. Panda, Narasingha, Maharshi Dayananda Saraswati as an person. Vishnu Prabhakar accepts him as one of the role model interpreter of the Vedas and his unique Contribution to the

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Vedic interpretation : A Study, Paropkari Sabha Prakashan, 1988. 35. Dayananda, Rigvedadi bhashya bhoomika, Arsh Sahitya Prachar Trust, 1998.

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