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Billy the Kid Auch William H Billy the Kid Auch William H. Bonney oder Henry McCarty oder Kid Antrim (1859-1881), Bandit im amerikanischen Südwesten Sein Leben Geboren in New York (USA). Billy the Kid legte sich im Laufe seines Lebens viele Namen zu, so z. B. William H. Bonney, Henry McCarty und Kid Antrim. Nach dem Tod seines Vaters heiratete seine Mutter 1873 erneut, und die ganze Familie zog nach Silver City in New Mexico. Billy the Kid verbrachte einen Grossteil seiner Jugend in den Saloons des Grenzgebiets. Im Alter von zwölf Jahren beging er angeblich seinen ersten Mord. Billy the Kid behauptete von sich selbst, im Laufe seines Lebens 21 Menschen erschossen zu haben. Er war berüchtigt für seine Raubüberfälle, Morde und Viehdiebstähle. 1880 gelang es Pat Garret, dem Sheriff des Bezirks Lincoln, wo Billy the Kid in die Viehkriege verwickelt war, ihn zu fassen. Billy the Kid wurde zum Tod durch den Strang verurteilt, brach aber am 28. April 1881 aus dem Gefängnis aus, wobei er zwei Hilfssheriffs tötete. Auf seiner Flucht geriet er jedoch in eine Falle und wurde in Fort Summer in New Mexico von Sheriff Garret tödlich getroffen. Um das Leben von Billy the Kid an der amerikanischen Grenze ranken sich seither viele Legenden und Geschichten. Lincoln County Krieg im New Mexico-Territorium von 1878/1879. Sein Ausbruch ist auf zwei Männer zurückzuführen, einen Engländer und einen Schotten. 1876 kam John Henry Tunstall als 24jähriger nach New Mexico, um dort Vieh zu züchten und reich zu werden. Dort machte er die Bekanntschaft des Anwalts Alexander A. McSween, zehn Jahre älter als Tunstall und mit einer nicht ganz blütenweissen Weste. Die beiden Männer freundeten sich mit einander an, und Tunstall folgte McSweens Rat, Land in Lincoln County zu kaufen. In der Stadt Lincoln dominierte damals ein Kaufmann, Lawrence G. Murphy, der nicht nur den grössten Laden besass, sondern auch bei jedem Handel im County mitmischte. Die Armee hatte ihm vertraglich den Verkauf von Rindern und landwirtschaftlichen Erzeugnissen an die Soldaten und die Indianer im nahen Reservat zugesichert. Country Club Silver Dollar 1 www.geocities.com/ccsdollar Allerdings war dieser Mann ein Schlitzohr, der Schmiergelder an die Regierung bezahlte und gestohlenes Vieh zu Schleuderpreisen weiterverkaufte. So kontrollierte er schliesslich die Preise, und die ortsansässigen Farmer wurden von seiner Gunst abhängig. Niemand wagte es, Lawrence G. Murphy in die Quere zu kommen. Sein ständiger Begleiter war ein junger Heisssporn namens James J. Dolan, der niemals zögerte, von seiner Schusswaffe Gebrauch zu machen. Als Tunstall sich in Lincoln County niederliess, dachte er nicht daran, sich Murphy zu unterwerfen. Er verbündete sich mit McSween, der ihm die Türen zu einflussreichen Persönlichkeiten öffnete und ihn mit wichtigen Informationen versorgte, um auf diese Weise Murphy auszubooten und selbst an die begehrten Handelsverträge zu gelangen. Tunstall versammelte ein paar junge Hitzköpfe um sich, denen die Hand locker am Colt sass. Darunter war auch Dick Brewer. Die Spannung stieg, als Tunstall in Lincoln einen eigenen Laden eröffnete gerade zu der Zeit, als Murphys Geschäft in eine Flaute geriet, weil Washington ihn der Korruption verdächtigte. Dann gründete Tunstall auch noch die Lincoln County Bank und kümmerte sich um die Geschäfte einiger führender Bürger von New Mexico. Das war zuviel für Murphy. Er verkaufte sein Unternehmen an Dolan, den Tunstall und seine Freunde als Mann bezeichneten der unbedingt getötet werden musste. Aber es war die Dolanpartei; die mit dem Töten begann. Da der Sheriff auf ihrer Seite stand; beschlossen Dolan und seine Cowboy- Gang; die sich The Boys nannte, Tunstall herauszufordern. Sie stahlen ein paar seiner Pferde und Maultiere direkt vor Brewers Augen. Daraufhin nahm dieser mit seinen Männern die Verfolgung auf. Es fielen Schüsse; die jedoch niemand verletzten; und die Pferde wurden zurückerobert. Wenig später kam es beinahe zu einer Schiesserei zwischen Tunstall und Dolan. Ein Funke genügte, um einen Krieg zwischen zwei schwerbewaffneten Lagern zu entzünden. Dolan tat dies, indem er Tunstall am 18. Februar 1878 ermorden liess. Dies markierte den Ausbruch des Lincoln County Krieges. McSween versuchte die Dolan Bande zunächst mit legalen Mitteln zu bekämpfen; aber ohne Erfolg. Daraufhin durchkämmten zwei aufgebrachte Gruppen schiesswütiger Revolverhelden das Land nach Tunstalls Mördern. McSweens Handlanger wurden als die „Regulators" bekannt; und es dauerte nicht lange, da wurde einer von Tunstalls Mördern gefasst und unter mysteriösen Umständen getötet. Sheriff William Brady drohte damit, McSween zu verhaften. Als er am 1. April zufällig an einer Adobemauer vorbeilief; sprangen sechs Regulators dahinter hervor und erschossen ihn und seinen Hilfssheriff. Zwei der Regulators schnappten sich den Haftbefehl gegen McSween aus der Tasche des Sheriffs und entkamen im Kugelhagel der anderen Hilfssheriffs. Zwei Wochen später gab es eine Schiesserei zwischen einer Gruppe Regulators und einem von Dolans Männern, bei der nicht nur letzterer; sondern auch Brewer selbst den Tod fand. Das Territorium geriet in Aufruhr. Ein Beobachter beschrieb die vorherrschende Stimmung sehr passend: „Alle wollen sie jemanden töten. Jeder Hurensohn dort draussen will irgend jemanden umbringen“. Die meisten erhielten dazu auch die Chance. Die Boys und die Regulators ritten im County umher und hatten nur noch das Ziel, sich mit ihren Gegnern in erbitterten Kämpfen zu Country Club Silver Dollar 2 www.geocities.com/ccsdollar messen und möglichst viele von ihnen dabei umzubringen. McSween konnte alle Vorwürfe gegen ihn zurückweisen und war wieder ein freier Mann. Bald darauf wurden auch das Militär, der Gouverneur des Territoriums und sogar Präsident Rutherford B. Hays in den Streit verwickelt. Dann gelang es Dolan, einen neuen Sheriff zu finden; der begann sofort mit einer Truppe, die sich hauptsächlich aus Boys zusammensetzte; die Regulators mit Haftbefehlen zu verfolgen. Sie durchstreiften das Land auf der Suche nach McSweens Männern und plünderten nebenbei das Städtchen San Patricio. Dies veranlasste McSween; sich eine Armee von über 50 Mann zusammenzustellen. Er selbst ritt an der Spitze seiner Truppe und führte sie nach Lincoln, wo sie sich am 14. Juli in seinem Haus verschanzten. Am anderen Ende der Strasse warteten bereits Dolan und seine Leute in Murphys ehemaligem Laden. Der erste Schuss, der an diesem Abend fiel, läutete ein sporadisches Gefecht ein; das fünf Tage dauerte und erst durch das Eintreffen der Armee beendet wurde. Kurz danach zündeten die Boys McSweens Haus an. Einigen gelang es, im Schutze der Dunkelheit aus dem brennenden Gebäude zu entkommen; McSween war jedoch nicht darunter. Als er sich ergeben wollte, rückten die "Hilfssheriffs" an. McSween und ein paar andere kamen aus dem Haus und wurden im Kugelhagel niedergestreckt. Fast ein Jahr nach diesem Zwischenfall war der Konflikt noch immer nicht beigelegt. Die Sache glitt Dolan aus den Händen, sogar die Armee konnte dem Blutvergiessen keinen Einhalt gebieten. Lincoln County wurde schlagartig zu einem Anziehungspunkt für Outlaws aus anderen Gebieten; die sich in der dort vorherrschenden Atmosphäre von Gesetzlosigkeit äusserst wohl fühlten. Mord, Folter, Vergewaltigung, Diebstahl und Plünderein waren bald an der Tagesordnung. In Lincoln County regierte fortan die Anarchie. In diesem Chaos wurde ein früherer Anhänger der Boys; der später ebenso engagiert auf Tunstalls Seite kämpfte, zum Symbol und Begründer einer Legende: William Bonneys Vergangenheit war von einem Geheimnis umgeben. Im Jahr 1859 war er als Henry McCarthy in den irischen Slums von New York geboren worden. Als seine verwitwete Mutter 1873 in Santa Fe einen gewissen William H. Antrim heiratete, nahm er den Namen seines Stiefvaters an und geriet bald darauf in schlechte Gesellschaft. Im Alter von 15 Jahren klaute er Butter. Ein Jahr später stahl er Kleidung aus einer chinesischen Wäscherei. Als man ihn deswegen verhaftete; entfaltete er seinen ihm angeborenen Charme, mit dem er jeden um den Finger wickelte und überredete den Sheriff dazu, ihn kurz aus der Zelle zu lassen, damit er sich die Beine vertreten konnte. Ein paar Minuten später war er einen Kamin hinaufgeklettert und entflohen. Er ging nie wieder nach Hause, und er hatte noch sechs Jahre zu leben. Zwei Jahre später tauchte Antrim wieder auf. Hier und da stahl er ein Pferd und arbeitete gelegentlich auch auf einer Ranch. Er war mindestens schon dreimal verhaftet worden und jedes Mal entflohen. Country Club Silver Dollar 3 www.geocities.com/ccsdollar Als er 17 war, trug er bereits einen Revolver in seiner Hosentasche und erschoss damit am 17. August 1877 in Arizona einen ortsbekannten Raufbold. Das Gericht entschied, dass Henry Antrim alias Kid dafür der Prozess gemacht werden müsse. Der junge mit Spitznamen Kid beschloss; dies nicht abzuwarten, und floh in Richtung New Mexico. Er war klein und schlank, mit einem jungenhaften Grinsen und entwaffnend guten Manieren; die das armselige Milieu; aus dem er kam, Lügen straften. Im Gegensatz zu vielen anderen Gesetzesbrechern las er fliessend, liebte Musik, sprach passabel spanisch und bewies immer wieder seine brillante Gewitztheit. Er war aber auch rastlos, undiszipliniert, aufbrausend; und jegliche Form von Ordnung und Gesetz schien ihm völlig egal gewesen zu sein. Dies bedeutete aber nicht, dass er keine Moral besessen hätte. Wie viele andere Revolverhelden richtete er sich nach einer Art Ehrenkodex; der Mord nur als Vergeltung für eine gleichwertig schlimme
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