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The Greater German Reich and the Jews War and Genocide General Editors: Omer Bartov, Brown University; A

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The Greater German Reich and the Jews War and Genocide General Editors: Omer Bartov, Brown University; A THE GREATER GERMAN REICH AND THE JEWS War and Genocide General Editors: Omer Bartov, Brown University; A. Dirk Moses, European University Institute, Florence/University of Sydney There has been a growing interest in the study of war and genocide, not from a traditional military history perspective, but within the framework of social and cultural history. This series offers a forum for scholarly works that reflect these new approaches. “The Berghahn series Studies on War and Genocide has immeasurably enriched the English-language scholarship available to scholars and students of genocide and, in particular, the Holocaust.”—Totalitarian Movements and Political Religions Volume 1 Volume 11 The Massacre in History Theatres of Violence: Massacre, Mass Killing Edited by Mark Levene and Penny Roberts and Atrocity in History Volume 2 Edited by Philip G. Dwyer and Lyndall Ryan National Socialist Extermination Policies: Volume 12 Contemporary German Perspectives and Empire, Colony, Genocide: Conquest, Controversies Occupation, and Subaltern Resistance in Edited by Ulrich Herbert World History Volume 3 Edited by A. Dirk Moses War of Extermination: The German Military Volume 13 in World War II, 1941–44 The Train Journey: Transit, Captivity, and Edited by Hannes Heer and Klaus Naumann Witnessing in the Holocaust Volume 4 Simone Gigliotti In God’s Name: Genocide and Religion in the Volume 14 Twentieth Century The “Final Solution” in Riga: Exploitation Edited by Omer Bartov and Phyllis Mack and Annihilation, 1941–1944 Volume 5 Andrej Angrick and Peter Klein Hitler’s War in the East, 1941–1945 Volume 15 Rolf-Dieter Müller and Gerd R. Ueberschär The Kings and the Pawns: Collaboration in Volume 6 Byelorussia during World War II Genocide and Settler Society: Frontier Leonid Rein Violence and Stolen Indigenous Children in Volume 16 Australian History Reassessing the Nuremberg Military Edited by A. Dirk Moses Tribunals: Transitional Justice, Trial Volume 7 Narratives, and Historiography Networks of Nazi Persecution: Bureaucracy, Edited by Kim C. Priemel and Alexa Stiller Business and the Organization of the Volume 17 Holocaust The Nazi Genocide of the Roma: Edited by Gerald D. Feldman and Wolfgang Reassessment and Commemoration Seibel Edited by Anton Weiss-Wendt Volume 8 Volume 18 Gray Zones: Ambiguity and Compromise in Judging “Privileged” Jews: Holocaust Ethics, the Holocaust and Its Aftermath Representation, and the “Grey Zone” Edited by Jonathan Petropoulos and John K. Adam Brown Roth Volume 19 Volume 9 The Dark Side of Nation-States: Ethnic Robbery and Restitution: The Conflict over Cleansing in Modern Europe Jewish Property in Europe Philipp Ther Edited by Martin Dean, Constantin Goschler and Volume 20 Philipp Ther The Greater German Reich and the Jews: Volume 10 Nazi Persecution Policies in the Annexed Exploitation, Resettlement, Mass Murder: Territories 1935-1945 Political and Economic Planning for German Edited by Wolf Gruner and Jörg Osterloh Occupation Policy in the Soviet Union, 1940–1941 Alex J. Kay THE GREATER GERMAN REICH AND THE JEWS Nazi Persecution Policies in the Annexed Territories 1935–1945 Edited by Wolf Gruner and Jörg Osterloh Translated by Bernard Heise berghahn N E W Y O R K • O X F O R D www.berghahnbooks.com berghahn N E W Y O R K • O X F O R D www.berghahnbooks.com Published by Berghahn Books www.berghahnbooks.com ©2015 Wolf Gruner and Jörg Osterloh German-language edition ©2010 Campus Verlag Das “Großdeutsche Reich” und die Juden: Nationalsozialistische Verfolgung in den “angegliederten” Gebieten All rights reserved. Except for the quotation of short passages for the purposes of criticism and review, no part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system now known or to be invented, without written permission of the publisher. The translation of this work was funded by Geisteswissenschaften International—Translation Funding for Humanities and Social Sciences from Germany, a joint initiative of the Fritz Thyssen Foundation, the German Federal Foreign Office, the collecting society VG WORT and the Börsenverein des Deutschen Buchhandels (German Publishers & Booksellers Association) Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Grossdeutsche Reich und die Juden. English The greater German Reich and the Jews : Nazi persecution policies in the an- nexed territories 1935–1945 / edited by Wolf Gruner and Jörg Osterloh. pages cm — (Studies on war and genocide ; volume 20) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-78238-443-4 (hardback : alk. paper) — ISBN 978-1-78238-444-1 (ebook) 1. Jews—Persecutions—Europe, Central—History—20th century. 2. Jews —Persecutions—Europe, Eastern—History—20th century. 3. Jews—Europe, Central—History—20th century. 4. Jews—Europe, Eastern—History—20th century. 5. Holocaust, Jewish (1939–1945)—Europe, Central. 6. Holocaust, Jewish (1939–1945)—Europe, Eastern. 7. Germany—Politics and government— 1933–1945. 8. Antisemitism—Europe—History—20th century. 9. Europe, Cen- tral—Ethnic relations. 10. Europe, Eastern—Ethnic relations. I. Gruner, Wolf, 1960– editor. II. Osterloh, Jörg, 1967– editor. III. Title. DS135.E83G677 2015 940.53'18—dc23 2014019672 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Printed on acid-free paper ISBN: 978-1-78238-443-4 hardback ISBN: 978-1-78238-444-1 ebook CONTENTS R List of Illustrations vii Acknowledgments ix Introduction 1 Wolf Gruner and Jörg Osterloh Chapter 1. Saar Region 13 Gerhard J. Teschner Chapter 2. Austria 39 Albert Lichtblau Chapter 3. Sudetenland 68 Jörg Osterloh Chapter 4. Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia 99 Wolf Gruner Chapter 5. Memel Territory 136 Ruth Leiserowitz Chapter 6. Danzig-West Prussia 157 Wolfgang Gippert Chapter 7. Wartheland 189 Ingo Loose vi Contents Chapter 8. Zichenau 219 Andreas Schulz Chapter 9. East Upper Silesia 239 Sybille Steinbacher Chapter 10. Eupen-Malmedy 267 Christoph Brüll Chapter 11. Luxembourg 289 Marc Schoentgen Chapter 12. Alsace-Lorraine 316 Jean-Marc Dreyfus Conclusion 340 Wolf Gruner and Jörg Osterloh Review of the Literature and Research on the Individual Regions 371 Wolf Gruner and Jörg Osterloh Glossary 387 Notes on Contributors 393 Selected Bibliography 397 Index of Places 411 Index of Names 419 ILLUSTRATIONS R Maps Map 0.1. “Borderland Germandom” in a 1934 school atlas 5 Map 2.1. Austria, 1938 40 Map 3.1. Sudetenland and the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, 1938/39 69 Map 5.1. Memel Territory, 1939 137 Map 6.1. Danzig-West Prussia and Wartheland, 1939 172 Map 8.1. Government District of Zichenau, 1939 220 Map 9.1. East Upper Silesia, 1939 240 Map 10.1. Eupen-Malmedy, Luxembourg, and Alsace-Lorraine, 1940 277 Figures Figure 1.1. Our Saar—A propagandistic text regarding the Saarland plebiscite (so-called Grenzkampf-Schrift) by Heinrich Schneider, 1934 17 Figure 2.1. Anti-Semitic propaganda exhibition The Eternal Jew, 1938 50 Figure 3.1. Renaming the “Judengasse” in Eger, November 1938 77 Figure 4.1. “Not accessible to Jews”—a municipal playground in Prague, 1939 110 Figure 5.1. Expulsion of Jews from Memel, spring 1939 149 viii Illustrations Figure 6.1. Anti-Semitic posters at the burned-out Danzig synagogue, 1939 158 Figure 7.1. Jews in the Warthegau prior to their deportation, 1942 195 Figure 8.1. Rounding up the Jews from the Zichenau ghetto, 1941/42 225 Figure 9.1. Jewish forced laborers in Bendzin marked by armbands, 1939/40 246 Figure 10.1. Parade by the Segelfliegerverein (glider pilot association) in Eupen, 1938/39 268 Figure 11.1. Postcard with portraits of Josef Bürckel (Head of the Civil Administration in Lorraine) and Gustav Simon (Head of the Civil Administration in Luxembourg), 1940 295 Figure 12.1. “Jews not wanted”—notice at a Strasbourg tavern, 1940 324 Tables Table 2.1. The Jewish and Non-Jewish Residential Population in the Austrian Federal States and their Capitals, According to the 1934 Census 41 Table 2.2. Countries of Asylum for Austrian Jews Expelled up to the Start of the War, by Continent 53 Table 2.3. Deportations from Austria 58 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS R In 2012 the German edition of this volume, which appeared in 2010 in the Fritz Bauer Institute’s Wissenschaftliche Reihe (academic series), received a prize awarded by the Börsenverein des Deutschen Buch- handels (German Publishers & Booksellers Association) to support the “translation of outstanding publications in the humanities and social sciences,” making this English edition possible. In preparation for the translation, the articles and editorial contri- butions have all been updated, in some cases with additional content as well. The editors would like to thank the authors not only for their contributions, but also for their patience and understanding in light of our numerous queries, and for revising, updating, and sometimes even expanding their texts for the English translation; Sabine Lach- mann for producing the maps; Gerd Fischer and Sabine Grimm for carefully copy editing the German version; Volker Zimmermann for his knowledgeable comments on a number of selected chapters; the mem- bers of the German Historical Studies Group in Los Angeles for their stimulating discussion of an early version of the introduction; and also Christoph Dieckmann and Michael Wildt for their helpful criticism of a later version of the introduction to the German edition. The editors would like to thank Omer Bartov, Marion Berghahn, and Dirk
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