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• • Lichens of Grand Teton National Park • • -• Eversman: Lichens of Grand Teton National Park - -., • • LICHENS OF GRAND TETON NATIONAL PARK • • -• SHARON EVERSMAN+ BIOLOGY DEPARTMENT - MONTANA STATE UNIVERSITY+ BOZEMAN -• • + INTRODUCTON morphological and chemical techniques (Bird, unpublished keys; McCune and Goward, 1995; • Lichens are an important group when Wetmore, 1967) and current nomenclature considering the biodiversity of a region. While not (Esslinger and Egan, 1995). It is expected that by - usually considered economically important, they are the end of summer, 1996, all the specimens will be conspicuous parts of the flora of alpine rock and identified and packets will be prepared for the - soil, contributing to rock weathering and providing Montana State University Herbarium (MONT) and -... habitat for small invertebrates. In the forest zones, for the National Park Service, Grand Teton National large hanging fruticose species are food for deer and Park. elk and are indicators of high air quality. Soil Table 1. Areas from which lichens were collected July - - lichens at all elevations are important stabilizers, ""' helping to prevent wind and water erosion. Since September, 1996, arranged in approximate order from north to south in Grand Teton National Park and adjacent Teton National "" lichens have a very slow growth rate, a diverse Forest. Each area generally has more than one collecting site, lichen flora indicates stable undisturbed e.g., lower slopes, higher slopes, Douglas fir forest type, alpine, environments. The major objective of this project etc. - was to characterize the lichen flora of Grand Teton - National Park, providing a species list as part of the Teton Range ongoing lichen studies in the northern Rocky -• Mountains and as a contribution to the database for 1. Wilcox Point to Webb Canyon, SE base of Owl Peak all national parks. Lichen specimens were also 2045-2075m; 43°58 'N, 11 0°42-450W Wet spruce-fir to lodgepole pine and meadows "" collected for element analysis to provide a baseline Calcareous rock on Owl Peak for air quality assessment. 2. Waterfalls Canyon - 2000-2424m; 43°55'N, l10°44'W - Spruce bog , aspen, Douglas fir, cottonwood; fire in + LOCATIONS AND METHODS 1974 Granitic rock -• Between 20 July and 1 October 1995, we 3. Paintbrush Canyon to Holly Lake to Paintbrush Divide • 2109-2909m; 43°47'30"N, ll0°48'W Forested to (Rebecca Schanz, Deana Maloney, and Sharon alpine Eversman) collected lichen specimens from all substr~tes, rock, soil, wood and bark, from 24 areas 4. Cascade Creek Canyon to Schoolroom Glacier -• in Grand Teton National Park (Table 1); each 2056-3030m; 43°43-46~, ll0°46-50'30"W Forested to alpine • collecting area had many collecting sites, generally proceeding from lower to higher elevations, 5. Lupine Meadows to Surprise Lake traversing through many vegetation communities. 2061-2909m; 43°43'N, l10°44-47'W Lodgepole pine, Douglas fir, subalpine fir; granitic -• Collections were made from each community, e.g., rock sagebrush-grassland, lodgepole pine, Douglas fir, • spruce-subalpine fir, alpine, and riparian. • Identification IS continuing using standard • • • Published by Wyoming Scholars Repository, 1995 1 • • University of Wyoming National Park Service Research Center Annual Report, Vol. 19 [1995], Art. 7 - 27 Table 1 (continued) • 6. Phelps Lake from trailhead 18. Snake River, west side 2030-2212m; 43"39'N, 110"37-39'W 2030m; 43°48'N, 110"33'W Aspen, Douglas fir, spruce, subalpine fir Spruce bog, cottonwood - Granitic outcrop at NW end of Phelps Lake Sandy soil; used by elk: and bison • 7. Granite Canyon 19. Potholes 1940-3152m; 43"36-47'N; 110° 49-53 'W 2061-2085m; 43°48'N, ll0°47'W • Lodgepole pine, spruce, Douglas fir, subalpine fir, Sagebrush-grassland. alpine Gravelly loose disturbed soil • Calcareous on top; granitic lower 20. Timbered Island • 8. Rendezvous Peak: (tram, Teton National Forest) 2036-2060m; 43°43'N, ll0°43'W 1955-3160m; 43"36'N, ll0°5l-53'W Sagebrush grassland surrounding Douglas fir, .. Lodgepole pine, spruce, Douglas fir, subalpine fir, lodgepole pine, spruce Moraine alpine • Calcareous on top; granitic lower 21. Moose Visitor Center 1952-1964m; 43o:39'N, l10°43'W Jackson Hole and Gros Ventre Range Cottonwood and spruce near Snake River Sandy soil 9. Steamboat Mountain, Rockefeller Park:way - 2224-2318m; 44°03'N, 110°42'W 22. Ditch Creek Spruce, Douglas fir, willow, lodgepole pine, 2036-2048m; 43°40'N, 110"38'W -.. whitebark pine Sagebrush-grassland Alluvial porous soil 10. Moose Island 2055-2061m; 43°56'N, 110"38W 23. Blacktail Butte Lodgepole pine, subalpine fir, Douglas fir 1976-206lm; 43"38'N, ll0°42'W Sandy soils Douglas fir, some aspen -• Limestone 11. Pilgrim Creek:, floodplain and moraine SSE of Pilgrim 24. Kelly Warm Springs to Kelly Peak: Mountain 2024-2109m; 43"38'N, 110"36'W .., 2091-2121m; 43°56'N, 110"35'W Willow, sagebrush-grassland to aspen, subalpine fir, - Cottonwoods, lodgepole pine lodgepole pine Gravelly floodplain 12. Grand View Point -• 2109-2218m; 43° 54'N, 110"33'30"W RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Douglas fir to rnyolite cliffs To date, 120 species have been identified - 13. Elk: Island, east half 2048-2076m; 43°52 'N, 110°41'W from seven areas: the trail from Christian Pond -• Grassy, lodgepole pine, Douglas fir, young subalpine around Emma Matilda Lake, Phelps Lake, Granite • fir Canyon, Rendezvous Peak, Paintbrush Canyon, 14. Hermitage Point Grand View Point, and Signal Mountain. Table 2 2053-2060m; 43°51-54'N; 110"37-38'W lists the species by substrate (rock, soil, wood and - Artemisia, lodgepole pine, Idaho fescue bark, other) and growth form (crustose, squamulose, foliose, and fruticose). Of the 120 species 15. Emma Matilda Lake, trail from Christian Pond around lake identified, 44 species (36%) are crustose; 12 (10%) -• 2061-2182m; 43° 53-54'N, 110"30-34'W Lodgepole pine, Douglas fir, spruce along lake; aspen are squamulose; 53 (45%) are foliose, including on north side umbilicate; and 11 (10%) are fruticose. Sixty-four -• Rock: granitic or rnyolite lichen species (53%) grow on rock, 25 species 16. Signal Mountain (21 %) are on soil, 25 (21 %) are on wood and bark, 2302-2348m; 43°51 'N, 110o:35W and six ( 4%) are on moss on soil or rock. -• Sagebrush, Douglas fir, aspen Rhyolite TABLE 2: Lichen species identified from Grand Teton National Park 17. Cow Lake- Cattlemen's Bridge area -• 2030-2077m; 43°50-51 'N, 100"34 'W Lodgepole pine, subalpine fir; big sagebrush Rock substrate Sagebrush-grassland; rnyolite cliff Cnastose growth fonn - Acarosporafuscala (Nyl.) Arnold - 2 Eversman: Lichens of Grand Teton National Park • • 28 • Table 2 (continued) • • AspiciUa caesiocinerea (Nyl. ex Malbr.) Arnold Fruticose Bellemerea alpina (Sommerf.) Clauz. & Roux Nodobryoria subdivergens (E. Dahl) Common & Brodo • Bellemerea cinereorujescens (Ach.) Clauzade & Roux Xanthoria candelaria (L.) Th.Fr. Caloplaca atroalba (Tuck:.) Zahlbr. • Caloplaca jlavovirescens (Wulfen) Dalla Torre & Sarnth. Soil substrate Caloplacajraudans (lb. Fr.) Oliv. Crustose growth form .. Caloplaca holocarpa (Boffin.) Wade Diploschistes muscorum (Scop.) R. Sant. Caloplacajungennanniae (Vahl) Th.Fr. Candelariella aureUa (Hoffm.) Zahlbr. Squamulose Dimelaena oreina (Ach.) Norman Arthonia glebosa Tuck:. - Famoldiajurana (Schaerer) Hertel Catapyrenium cinereum (Pers.) Koerber Lecanora argophoUs (Ach.) Ach. Catapyrenium daedalum (Krempelh.) B. Stein -.. Lecanora cenisia Ach. Catapyrenium norvegicum Breuss Psora decipiens (Hedwig) Hoffm .. Lecanora dispersa (Pers.) Sommerf. Lecanora muraUs (Schreber) Rabenh. Psora montana Timdal .. Lecanora novomexicana (B. De Lesd.) Zahlbr. Psora tuckennanii R. Anderson ex Timdal Lecanora polytropa (Hoffm.) Rabenh. Psoroma hypnorum (Vahl) Gray .. Lecidea atrobrunnea (Ramond. in Lam. & DC.) Schaerer Toninla sedifolia (Scop.) Timdal Lecidea auriculata Th.Fr. • Lecidella stigmatea (Ach.) Hertel & Leuck:. Foliose growth form VIlli Rhizocarpon disporum (Naeg. ex Hepp) Mull. Arctopannelia centrifoga (L.) Hale Rhizocarpon geographicum (L.) DC. Nephroma parile (Ach.) Ach. Rhizocarpon grande (Floerk:e ex Flotow) Arnold Peltigera canina (L.) Willd. Rhizocarpon riparium Rasanan Peltigera didactyla (With.) J. R. Laundon Rhizocarpon sphaerosporum Rasanen Peltigera rufescens (Weis.) Humb. -.. Sporastatia testudinea (Ach.) Massal. Peltigera venosa (L.) Hoffm. 'fill Staurothele jissa (Taylor) Zwack:h Solorina bispora Nyl. Vermcaria glaucovirens Grummann Solorina crocea (L.) Ach. Xanthopam1elia wyomingica .. Squamulose Dennatocarpon lorenzianum Anders. Fruticose • Psora globifera (Ach.) Mass. Cladonia cariosa (Ach.} Spreng. Psora himalayana (Church.Bab.) Timdal Cladonia coniocraea (Floerk:e) Spreng. ., Cladonia pocillum (Ach.} 0. Rich Cladonia pyxidata (L.) Hoffm. - Foliose Caloplaca saxicola (Hoffm.) Nordin Coelocaulon aculeatum (Schreber) Link Dennatocarpon luridum (With.) J.R. Laundon Coelocaulon muricatum (Ach.} Laundon """" Dennatocarpon miniatum (L.) Mann Dennatocarpon moulinsii (Mont.) Zahlbr. Bark and wood substrates Dennatocarpon reticulatum Magnusson Crustose growth form - Lecanora garovaglii (Koerber) Zahlbr. Buellia erubescens Arnold "" Lecanora nigromarginata H. Magn. Buellia punctata (Hoffm.) Mass. Leptogium satuminum (Dickson) Nyl. Cyphelium tigillare (Ach.) Ach. .,"" Melanelia sorediata (Ach.) Goward & Ahti Lecanora hagenii (Ach.) Ach. Melanelia stygia (L.) Essl. Lecanora pulicaris (Pers.) Ach. ., Phaeophyscia decolor (Kashiw .) Essl. Lecanora varia (Hoffm.) Ach. Phaeophyscia sciastra (Ach.) Moberg Lecidella euphorea (Floerk:e) Hertel Physcia caesia (Hoffin.) Fuernr.
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