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Czar Nicholas II ⇓ Ferdinand ⇓ • General Alfred Von • Gavrilo Princip ⇓ Schlieffen ⇓ Presentation Plus! Glencoe World History: Modern Times Copyright © by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Developed by FSCreations, Inc., Cincinnati, Ohio 45202 Send all inquiries to: GLENCOE DIVISION Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 8787 Orion Place Columbus, Ohio 43240 Welcome to Presentation Plus! Splash Screen Chapter Introduction Section 1 The Road to World War I Section 2 The War Section 3 The Russian Revolution Section 4 End of the War Chapter Summary Chapter Assessment Click on a hyperlink to view the corresponding slides. Contents Click the Speaker button to listen to the audio again. Intro 1 Key Events As you read this chapter, look for the key events of World War I, the Russian Revolution, and the Paris Peace Conference. ⇓ • Archduke Francis Ferdinand was assassinated by a Serbian nationalist. ⇓ • Militarism, nationalism, and alliances drew nations into war. ⇓ • The United States’s entry into the war helped the Allies. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Intro 2 Key Events As you read this chapter, look for the key events of World War I, the Russian Revolution, and the Paris Peace Conference. • The impact of the war at home led to an increase in the federal government’s powers and changed the status of women. ⇓ • The Russian Revolution ended with the Communists in power. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Intro 3 Key Events As you read this chapter, look for the key events of World War I, the Russian Revolution, and the Paris Peace Conference. • Peace settlements caused lingering resentment. ⇓ • The League of Nations was formed. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Intro 4 The Impact Today The events that occurred during this period still impact our lives today. ⇓ • World War I led to the disintegration of empires and the creation of new states. ⇓ • Communism became a factor in global conflict as other nations turned to its ideology. ⇓ • The Balkans continue to be an area of political unrest. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Intro 5 Chapter Objectives After studying this chapter, you should be able to: ⇓ • name the members of the Triple Alliance and the Triple Entente. ⇓ • summarize the causes of World War I. ⇓ • describe the stalemate on the Western Front and events on the Eastern Front. ⇓ • explain innovations in warfare. ⇓ • explain what is meant by “total war” and its effects on society. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Intro 6 Chapter Objectives After studying this chapter, you should be able to: • trace the fall of czarist Russia and the rise of the Communists. ⇓ • explain the Allies’ victory. ⇓ • list the major provisions of the Treaty of Versailles. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Intro 7 End of Intro The Road to World War I Main Ideas • Militarism, nationalism, and a crisis in the Balkans led to World War I. ⇓ • Serbia’s determination to become a large, independent state angered Austria-Hungary and initiated hostilities. ⇓ Key Terms • conscription ⇓ • mobilization Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 1-1 The Road to World War I People to Identify • Archduke Francis • Czar Nicholas II ⇓ Ferdinand ⇓ • General Alfred von • Gavrilo Princip ⇓ Schlieffen ⇓ • Emperor William II ⇓ Places to Locate • Serbia ⇓ • Bosnia Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 1-2 The Road to World War I Preview Questions • How did the assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand lead to World War I? ⇓ • How did the system of alliances help cause the war? Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 1-3 The Road to World War I Preview of Events Section 1-4 Click the Speaker button to listen to the audio again. Section 1-5 In 1919, the German government was allowed to submit a counterproposal to the Treaty of Versailles. In it the Germans agreed to many of the terms, including reparations, territorial adjustments, and reduction of the military. However, the counterproposal said that for Germany to sign the treaty as it stood, the country would be signing its own death warrant. It asked that a neutral inquiry into the question of responsibility for the war be held, one that would inspect the archives of all the nations that had fought. The counterproposal was rejected almost entirely. Section 1-6 Nationalism and the System of Alliances • Liberals during the first half of the 1800s hoped that the formation of European nation-states would lead to peace. ⇓ • However, the imperialist states that emerged during the second half of the 1800s became highly competitive over trade and colonies. (pages 499–500) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 1-7 Nationalism and the System of Alliances (cont.) • Two main alliances divided Europe: The Triple Alliance (1882) was made up of Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy; and the Triple Entente (1907) was made up of France, Great Britain, and Russia. (pages 499–500) Section 1-8 Nationalism and the System of Alliances (cont.) • During the early 1900s, several crises erupted, particularly in the Balkans, which created a great deal of anger and tension between the nations of the two alliances. ⇓ • Each nation was willing to go to war to preserve its power. (pages 499–500) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 1-9 Nationalism and the System of Alliances (cont.) • European ethnic groups, such as Slavs in the Balkans and the Irish in the British Empire, dreamed of creating their own national states, which also increased tensions in Europe. (pages 499–500) Section 1-10 Nationalism and the System of Alliances (cont.) How did the growth of nation-states lead to increased competition and tension in Europe? Nations became focused on their own self- interest, which led to competition with other nations. Imperialist expansion led to rivalries for trade and colonies. Nation- states formed alliances and were prepared to go to war if necessary to preserve their power and that of their allies. (pages 499–500) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Section 1-11 Internal Dissent • Another source of strife in Europe was dissent within nations. ⇓ • As socialist labor movements became more powerful, they used strikes to achieve their goals, which led to unrest. ⇓ • Conservative national leaders feared that revolutions would break out. ⇓ • Some historians believe that these leaders may have been willing to go to war in order to suppress internal dissent. (page 500) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 1-12 Internal Dissent (cont.) What was a primary source of internal dissent in Europe during the early 1900s? The strikes by Socialist labor movements were the primary source of internal dissent in Europe during the early 1900s. (page 500) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Section 1-14 Militarism • After 1900 there was a huge increase in the size of European armies, which increased tensions among nations. ⇓ • Conscription–compulsory service in the military–was common in Europe before 1914. ⇓ • Between 1890 and 1914 European armies doubled in size. ⇓ • The numbers of soldiers in European armies were: Russia, 1.3 million; France and Germany, 900,000 each; Britain, Italy, and Austria-Hungary, 250,000 to 500,000 each. (pages 500–501) Section 1-15 Militarism (cont.) • Prior to 1914, European countries aggressively prepared for war. ⇓ • This militarism led to the increased power of military leaders, who created complex war plans. ⇓ • Because powerful military leaders did not want to alter their war plans, they greatly limited the choices of political leaders in time of international crisis. (pages 500–501) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 1-27 Militarism (cont.) What were three effects of increased militarism in Europe during the early 1900s? The size of armies doubled between 1890 and 1914, countries focused on preparations for war, and military leaders became more powerful and had more control over political decisions. (pages 500–501) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Section 1-19 The Outbreak of War: Summer 1914 • While militarism, nationalism, and the desire to control internal dissent all had a part in starting World War I, the outbreak of fighting stemmed directly from events in the Balkans in 1914. (pages 501–502) Section 1-20 The Outbreak of War: Summer 1914 (cont.) • States in southeastern Europe had long struggled for independence from the Ottoman Empire. ⇓ • Russia and Austria-Hungary competed for control of these new states. ⇓ • In 1914, Serbia wanted to form a large Slavic state in the Balkans. ⇓ • Serbia was supported by Russia and opposed by Austria-Hungary. ⇓ • Many Europeans were afraid that this conflict in the Balkans would lead to war. (pages 501–502) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 1-21 The Outbreak of War: Summer 1914 (cont.) • In June 1914, Archduke Francis Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary and his wife were killed by the Serbian terrorist Gavrilo Princip in the city of Sarajevo. ⇓ • The Serbian terrorists wanted Bosnia to become independent from Austria- Hungary. (pages 501–502) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 1-22 The Outbreak of War: Summer 1914 (cont.) • The Austro-Hungarian government wanted to declare war on Serbia but was worried that Russian would come to Serbia’s aid.
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