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The Submarine in War and Peace, by Simon Lake 1 The Submarine in War and Peace, by Simon Lake 1 The Submarine in War and Peace, by Simon Lake The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Submarine in War and Peace, by Simon Lake This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org/license Title: The Submarine in War and Peace Its Development and its Possibilities Author: Simon Lake Release Date: July 23, 2014 [EBook #46382] Language: English The Submarine in War and Peace, by Simon Lake 2 Character set encoding: ASCII *** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE SUBMARINE IN WAR AND PEACE *** Produced by Chris Curnow, John Campbell and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net TRANSCRIBER'S NOTE Italic text is denoted by underscores. Bold text is denoted by =equal signs=. The oe ligature has been replaced by 'oe'. Obvious typographical and punctuation errors have been corrected after careful comparison with other occurrences within the text and consultation of external sources. More detail can be found at the end of the book. THE SUBMARINE IN WAR AND PEACE [Illustration: (Frontispiece; Simon Lake)] THE SUBMARINE IN WAR AND PEACE ITS DEVELOPMENTS AND ITS POSSIBILITIES BY SIMON LAKE, M.I.N.A. WITH 71 ILLUSTRATIONS AND A CHART PHILADELPHIA AND LONDON J. B. LIPPINCOTT COMPANY 1918 COPYRIGHT, 1918, BY J. B. LIPPINCOTT COMPANY The Submarine in War and Peace, by Simon Lake 3 PRINTED BY J. B. LIPPINCOTT COMPANY AT THE WASHINGTON SQUARE PRESS PHILADELPHIA, U. S. A. DEDICATED TO LEBBEUS B. MILLER OF ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY An honest and patriotic man, who took up a poor young man, and who, through his thorough grasp of things mechanical, was among the first to see practical possibilities in the dreams of a young inventor. With his financial means he was able to assist materially in the development and perfection of an important weapon for the defence of his country, thus rendering a valuable service to the nation. Without his assistance much of the development work described in this volume would have been impossible of accomplishment. No greater tribute can be paid to him than to remark of him that he is one--and there are but few of whom this may be said--who has steadfastly refused to take advantage of conditions which offered him the opportunity to increase his personal fortune at the expense of other individuals or of the welfare of his country. FOREWORD Some twenty years ago the author began to collect data with the idea of publishing a book on the submarine at a future time. There was very little information concerning submarines available at that date, as the early experiments in this field of navigation were generally conducted in secrecy. There had been constructed, up to that time, no submarine vessel which was entirely successful, and for this reason inventors and designers were disinclined to reveal the features of the vessels upon which they were experimenting. Since then there has been considerable dissemination of facts about the submarine; much of this knowledge has found its way into print, some in short historical sketches published by the author and other designers. The Submarine in War and Peace, by Simon Lake 4 However, most of the publications on this subject have come from the hands of professional writers and newspaper men, some of whom have not had the engineering knowledge to sift the practical from the impractical, and who have not had any actual first-hand acquaintance with the facts. They have not understood the mechanical details of the submarine and the principles governing its operation well enough to comprehend or to elucidate the various phases of the development of this type of vessel. The result has been that many inaccuracies have been published, both in respect to the history of the development of the submarine and in regard to the practical operation of such vessels. There have been published one or two good works dealing with this subject in a very complete and intelligible manner, but intended for those engaged in engineering pursuits. One of the best of these was "The Evolution of the Submarine Boat, Mine and Torpedo, from the Sixteenth Century to the Present Time," by Commander Murray F. Sueter, of the Royal British Navy, published in 1907. When this book first appeared the present writer felt that the subject had been so fully covered that there was no need for him to publish his own information. However, since the beginning of the world-war the prominent part played by the submarine has led to a demand for more knowledge about the workings of this weapon of mystery, and for information concerning its future possibilities. The aim of this work, therefore, is to present to the reader in a simple, interesting way the facts relating to the submarine; its mechanical principles; the history of its development; its actual operation; the difficulty of combating it; and its industrial possibilities. These facts are presented, together with descriptions of the experience of the author and other inventors, in order to clarify in the reader's mind the difficulties, the trials and tribulations of both the submarine operator and the inventor. Furthermore, the narrative is not restricted to a discussion of the submarine question from a mechanical standpoint. The submarine to-day is a factor in the political and industrial life of the world. The submarine problem transcends a mere matter of mechanical detail, and a book upon this topic The Submarine in War and Peace, by Simon Lake 5 must, of necessity, deal with it in its broadest aspects. SIMON LAKE CONTENTS CHAPTER PAGE 6 CHAPTER PAGE I. WHAT THE MODERN SUBMARINE IS 6 II. COMEDY AND TRAGEDY IN SUBMARINE DEVELOPMENT 36 III. EXPERIENCES OF PIONEER INVENTORS OF THE SUBMARINE 77 IV. THE EVOLUTION OF THE SUBMARINE 149 V. USE OF THE SUBMARINE IN WAR 196 VI. THE POSSIBILITY OF DEFEATING THE SUBMARINE 228 VII. THE SUBMARINE IN TIMES OF PEACE 259 VIII. THE DESTINY OF THE SUBMARINE 289 ILLUSTRATIONS DOUBLETONES PAGE Simon Lake Frontispiece The Pigmy Conquerer of the Sea 2 Storage Battery Cell 14 A Submarine Cell Completely Assembled Ready for Installation 14 On Picket Duty 20 The Lower Portion of Galileo Periscope 22 CHAPTER PAGE 7 The Voice and Ear of the Submarine 26 Torpedo Tubes Assembled Ready for Installation in a Submarine Boat 27 A Whitehead Torpedo 28 Rear End of the Whitehead Torpedo 29 Rapid-firing Guns 30 A Modern Submarine Cruiser, or Fleet Submarine (Lake Type) 32 The Launching of the "Protector" 62 The "Delphine" 66 The "Fenian Ram" 96 "Argonaut, Jr.," 1894 128 Sketch of the Confederate Submarine "Hunley" 150 The New Orleans Submarine 152 The "Intelligent Whale" 153 "Argonaut" as Originally Built. Launched in August, 1897 176 Submarine with Cushioned Bottom Wheels 178 The "Argonaut" after being Lengthened and Rebuilt, in 1898, Showing Ship-shaped, Watertight, Buoyant Superstructure 182 The "Holland" Running on the Surface 190 "Amphibious" Submarine 202 CHAPTER PAGE 8 The "Protector" (Lake Type, 1901-1902) 210 Official Drawing of the Captured German Mine-planting Submarine, U C-5 214 A Bottom-Creeping Submarine Passing Through a Mine Field 216 A Mine and Net Evading Submarine Under-running a Net 217 Mines Placed Under Ships at Anchor 220 Submarine Supply Station 221 Submarine "Seal"--Lake Type U.S. 226 British Submarine B-1 (Holland type) 227 British Submarine C-2 Arriving at Portsmouth in a Gale 230 Germany's U-9 and Some of Her Sister Submarines.--Aeroplane and Submarine 234 Russian Cruiser-Lake Type Submarine in Shed Built by Peter the Great--1905 236 A Group of German U-boats 238 Russian-Lake Type Cruising Submarine "Kaiman" making a Surface Run in Rough Weather in the Gulf of Finland 239 The U-65 242 Russian-Lake Type 243 C-1, One of the Later Type French Submarines 248 CHAPTER PAGE 9 Cargo-Carrying Submarines of the Author's Design 249 The "Deutschland" 252 Torpedo being Fired from the Deck Tubes of the Submarine "Seal" 256 British Submarine No. 3 Passing Nelson's Old Flagship "Victory" 257 Under-ice Navigation 260 A Submarine Garden at the Bottom of the Sea 266 Submarines for Hydrographic Work and Wreck Finding 267 The "Argonaut" Submerged 276 Experimental Cargo-Recovering Submarine 278 Sketch Drawing Illustrating a Method of Transferring Cargoes from Sunken Vessels to Submerged Freight Cargo-Carrying Submarines 278 Semi-submergible Wrecking Apparatus 280 Submarine Oyster-Gathering Vessel 286 The "Argosy and Argonaut III" 290 Diagram of the "Argosy and Argonaut III" 291 LINE CUTS Method of Control in Diving Type Boats 17 Method of Controlling Hydroplane Boats 18 How Hydroplanes Control Depth of Submersion 19 CHAPTER PAGE 10 Showing Various Conditions in Which a Submarine of the Level Keel Type Fitted with Bottom Wheels, May Navigate 21 The Periscope is the Eye of the Submarine 23 Diving Compartment 31 Bushnell's Submarine, the "American Turtle" 79 Robert Fulton's Submarine 82 Tuck's "Peacemaker" 84 Longitudinal Section of the French Submarine "Le Plongeur" 153 The "Plunger" (Holland Type Submarine), Launched in August, 1897 167 Lake Design as Submitted to the U. S. Navy Department in 1893 170 The "Argonaut" after Lengthening and Addition of Buoyant, Ship-shaped Superstructure, Increasing the Surface Buoyancy over 40 Per Cent 178 The "Holland" 190 Various Types of Modern Foreign Submarines 194 An Amphibious Submarine being Hauled out of the Water 204 The "Caviar Map" of Shipping's Greatest Grave-yard 283 CHART Diagram to Illustrate the Comparative Visibility and Consequently the Comparative Safety of Surface Ships and Cargo-Carrying Submarines 254 THE SUBMARINE IN WAR AND PEACE CHAPTER PAGE 11 INTRODUCTION Jules Verne, in 1898, cabled to a New York publication: "While my book, 'Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea,' is entirely a work of the imagination, my conviction is that all I said in it will come to pass.
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