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												The Evolution of Bulgogi Over the Past 100 Years*
Korea Journal, vol. 53, no. 4 (winter 2013): 168-194. 168 © Korean NationalKOREA Commission JOURNAL for / UNESCO, WINTER 2013 The Evolution of Bulgogi over the Past 100 Years* LEE Kyou Jin and CHO Mi Sook Abstract The purpose of this research is to examine the history of bulgogi’s transition and development over the past century. While bulgogi carries on the legacy of Korean traditional roasted meat, it is simultaneously a very unique cuisine, of which the rec- ipe and meaning have changed over time according to shifting economic and social conditions. As a result, bulgogi is not merely a simple dish; rather, the term embodies numerous symbolic meanings of Korean food culture. The origin of this seasoned roast meat can be traced back to the Goguryeo dynasty (37 BC–AD 668). In differ- ent historical periods and social contexts, bulgogi has gone through unusual and dynamic transitions of cooking methods, such as roasting and boiling. One of its first transitional periods (1920s–1960s) is marked by the use of grilled beef that origi- nates from neobiani and the commercialized cooking process of roasting. During the developmental phase of bulgogi (1960s–1990s), bulgogi boiled in meat broth appeared, quickly gaining popularity. The phase of decline in bulgogi consumption and popularity was followed by the revival of bulgogi (after the 1990s), when it was adapted through various cooking methods. Keywords: grilled bulgogi, beef broth bulgogi, neobiani, roast meat, Korean food culture * This article is a revision of LEE Kyou Jin’s Ph.D. dissertation, “Geundae ihu 100 nyeongan hanguk yungnyu guui munhwa-ui byeonhwa” (Korean Food Culture of Eating Meat during the Past 100 Years) at Ewha Womans University in 2010. - 
												
												Cuisines of Asia
WORLD CULINARY ARTS: Korea Recipes from Savoring the Best of World Flavors: Korea Copyright © 2014 The Culinary Institute of America All Rights Reserved This manual is published and copyrighted by The Culinary Institute of America. Copying, duplicating, selling or otherwise distributing this product is hereby expressly forbidden except by prior written consent of The Culinary Institute of America. SPICY BEEF SOUP YUKKAEJANG Yield: 2 gallons Ingredients Amounts Beef bones 15 lb. Beef, flank, trim, reserve fat 2½ lb. Water 3 gal. Onions, peeled, quartered 2 lb. Ginger, 1/8” slices 2 oz. All-purpose flour ½ cup Scallions, sliced thinly 1 Tbsp. Garlic, minced ½ Tbsp. Korean red pepper paste ½ cup Soybean paste, Korean 1 cup Light soy sauce 1 tsp. Cabbage, green, ¼” wide 4 cups chiffonade, 1” lengths Bean sprouts, cut into 1” lengths 2 cups Sesame oil 1 Tbsp. Kosher salt as needed Ground black pepper as needed Eggs, beaten lightly 4 ea. Method 1. The day prior to cooking, blanch the beef bones. Bring blanched bones and beef to a boil, lower to simmer. Remove beef when it is tender, plunge in cold water for 15 minutes. Pull into 1-inch length strips, refrigerate covered Add onions and ginger, simmer for an additional hour, or until proper flavor is achieved. Strain, cool, and store for following day (save fat skimmed off broth). 4. On the day of service, skim fat off broth - reserve, reheat. 5. Render beef fat, browning slightly. Strain, transfer ¼ cup of fat to stockpot (discard remaining fat), add flour to create roux, and cook for 5 minutes on low heat. - 
												
												KIM's KOREAN BBQ A-1. Japchae
KIM’S KOREAN BBQ Haemool 김스 코리언 바베큐 Pa Jeon Pan Seared Mandu 김스 코리언 바베큐 KIM’S APPETIZERSKOREAN BBQ 전식 A-1. Japchae 잡채 Small 7.99 Vermicelli noodles stir fried with Large 10.99 beef & vegetables 만두 A-2. Mandu 6.99 Japchae Ddeobokki Korean style beef & vegetable dumplings (Pan Seared or Fried) A-3. Haemool Pa Jeon 해물 파전 12.99 Korean seafood pancake filled with various seafood & green onions (CONTAINS SHELLFISH) A-4. Ojingeo Twigim 오징어 튀김 14.99 BINGSU 빙수 Korean style fried squid (calamari) Shaved ice dessert with sweet topping. (CONTAINS EGGS) A-5. Ddeobokki 떡볶기 7.99 xx Spicy rice cakes and boiled egg with fish cakes stir-fried in a spicy red pepper sauce Mango Bingsu Patbingsu A-6. Kimchi Jeon 김치 전 12.99 Kimchi pancake made with kimchi, onions, & green onions x Mild Spicy xx Medium Spicy xxx Extra Spicy Strawberry Bingsu Blue-Berry Bingsu ENTREES 정식 김스 코리언 바베큐 KIM’S KOREAN Dak Bulgogi GRILLBBQ 구이 1. Galbisal 갈비살 25.99 Marinated BBQ beef boneless short rib with onions This menu item is available as an optional entrée. You may grill it at the table (two or more orders required) Add Romaine lettuce 1.99 2. Sam Gyeob Sal Gui 삼겹살 구이 19.99 Thick sliced barbeque-style pork belly This menu item is available as an optional entrée. You may grill it at the table (two or more orders required) 3. Bulgogi 불고기 16.99 Marinated grilled shredded beef & onions x Mild김스 Spicy 코리언 xx Medium 바베큐 Spicy xxx KIM’S Extra Spicy (spicy available upon request) KOREAN BBQ This menu item is available as an optional entrée. - 
												
												Great Food, Great Stories from Korea
GREAT FOOD, GREAT STORIE FOOD, GREAT GREAT A Tableau of a Diamond Wedding Anniversary GOVERNMENT PUBLICATIONS This is a picture of an older couple from the 18th century repeating their wedding ceremony in celebration of their 60th anniversary. REGISTRATION NUMBER This painting vividly depicts a tableau in which their children offer up 11-1541000-001295-01 a cup of drink, wishing them health and longevity. The authorship of the painting is unknown, and the painting is currently housed in the National Museum of Korea. Designed to help foreigners understand Korean cuisine more easily and with greater accuracy, our <Korean Menu Guide> contains information on 154 Korean dishes in 10 languages. S <Korean Restaurant Guide 2011-Tokyo> introduces 34 excellent F Korean restaurants in the Greater Tokyo Area. ROM KOREA GREAT FOOD, GREAT STORIES FROM KOREA The Korean Food Foundation is a specialized GREAT FOOD, GREAT STORIES private organization that searches for new This book tells the many stories of Korean food, the rich flavors that have evolved generation dishes and conducts research on Korean cuisine after generation, meal after meal, for over several millennia on the Korean peninsula. in order to introduce Korean food and culinary A single dish usually leads to the creation of another through the expansion of time and space, FROM KOREA culture to the world, and support related making it impossible to count the exact number of dishes in the Korean cuisine. So, for this content development and marketing. <Korean Restaurant Guide 2011-Western Europe> (5 volumes in total) book, we have only included a selection of a hundred or so of the most representative. - 
												
												Mexican Tripe Soup — Menudo (Pancita)
©MySliceofMexico.ca Mexican Tripe Soup — Menudo (Pancita) Ingredients 1 lb (454 g) beef stomach tripe, pre-cooked and bleached 2-3 beef feet, pre-cooked and deboned (optional) 2 tbsp fresh epazote, chopped (if available) ½ onion 1 clove garlic 6-8 cups water 1 cup roasted guajillo adobo (recipe follows) 2 bay leaves 1 tbsp dry oregano 1 tbsp salt, or to taste 1 can 25 oz (709 g) hominy corn (optional) To serve: Chopped onion limes Dry oregano Tostadas (crisped tortillas) or tortilla chips Thoroughly rinse beef tripe and feet (if using) under running water; they should be odorless and free of impurities. Cut into bite size pieces, and place in a pot with the chopped epazote (if not available, omit), and 2 cups of water. Bring to a boil, then simmer, covered, for about 20 minutes. At the end of this time, most of the water has been absorbed or evaporated. Add the onion and garlic, along with about four cups of hot water, or enough to cover all the ingredients. Let it simmer for another 30 minutes, until all the beef is tender. Pour roasted guajillo adobo in, season with salt, and let it simmer for another ten minutes. Add hominy (if using), bay leaves and oregano, and simmer for another ten minutes. Remove and discard onion, garlic and bay leaves. Serve with a side of tostadas, chopped onion and limes, along with extra oregano to sprinkle on top, to taste. ©MySliceofMexico.ca Roasted Guajillo Adobo Ingredients: 10 dry guajillo peppers ¼ medium onion, cut into large chunks 1 clove garlic, peeled 1 tsp salt, or to taste Boiling water Roast pepper on a dry iron skillet until crispy but not blackened. - 
												
												& Spring Rolls Egg Rolls Sides &Add-Ons Pho Brunch
EGG ROLLS BRUNCH PHO SIDES &ADD-ONS & -served all day- (24 HR SLOW COOKED BEEF NOODLE SOUP) SPRING ROLLS Served with basil, bean sprout, yellow LEMONGRASS GRILLED BONE MARROW 10 (SERVED W/ BUTTERED PATE BAGUETTE) IMPERIAL FRIED EGG ROLLS (4) 5.50 STEAK & EGGS 17 L.E.'S SMOKED PORK BELLY BUN 5 onion, scallion, cilantro, jalapeño and lime Filet mignon (8oz), two sunny side up fried Oak smoked berkshire pork belly, lemongrass, Combination of crab, shrimp and pork BONE MARROW BOWL (WITH PHO BROTH) 5 served with lettuce, pickled daikon & carrot eggs and bone marrow buttered paté pickled daikon & carrot, yellow onion, scallion and baguette cilantro topped with sunny side up fried quail egg CREATE YOUR OWN 10 with spicy garlic fish sauce VIETNAMESE STYLE GRILLED CORN 4.50 CHICKEN & WAFFLE 11 GRILLED CHEESE PHO DIP 12 FILET MIGNON FATTY BRISKET (WITH SCALLION BUTTER) BUDDHA FRIED EGG ROLLS (4) 5.50 (FRI, SAT, SUN ONLY) Brisket, duck paté, truffle aioli, hoisin sauce, Combination of taro and tofu Pandan coconut milk Belgium waffle mozzarella cheese, basil, bean sprout, yellow LEAN BRISKET BEEF MEATBALL PHO BROTH (L/S) 6/4 served with lettuce, pickled daikon & carrot and fish sauce marinated fried chicken onion, scallion and cilantro served with a side of with spicy garlic fish sauce served with green tea syrup 24 hr simmered pho broth BEEF TENDON BEEF TRIPE BUTTERED PATÉ BAGUETTE 3.25 TOFU COMBINATION VERMICELLI NOODLE 3 PINEAPPLE SHRIMP SPRING ROLLS (2) 6.75 HAM & EGG CROISSANT 9.50 BONE-IN SHORT RIB CROISSANT 20 Shrimp, pineapple, basil, vermicelli, lettuce, Vietnamese ham, two sunny side up fried eggs, Bone-in beef short rib in sweet ginger Thai chili sauce, . - 
												
												(773) 847-9755 We Deliver! Catering for All Occasions
om nt.c ura esta DIN nter E IN • acalie CARRY OUT • www.tierr Catering For All Occasions (773) 847-9755 4070 S. Archer Ave. • Chicago, IL 60632 @TierraCalienteRestaurant @tierracalchi @tierracalientechi email: [email protected] We Deliver! DESAYUNOS / BREAKFAST ALL BREAKFAST SERVED WITH RICE, BEANS, POTATOES AND HANDMADE TORTILLAS. HUEVOS DIVORCIADOS ................................................................................ $ 6.95 Two sunny side eggs, one served in green sauce, other in red sauce. 2 HUEVOS ........................................................................................................ $ 7.95 Two eggs served sunny side up or scrambled with a side of bacon or jerky. HUEVOS RANCHEROS.................................................................................... $ 7.95 Two over easy eggs over fried tortillas topped with our house ranchero Sauce. HUEVOS ALA MEXICANA ............................................................................. $ 7.95 Scrambled eggs with grill onion, tomato and jalapenos. HUEVOS REVUELTOS .................................................................................... $ 7.95 Two scrambled eggs with choice of chorizo, ham, hot dog sausage or bacon. H uevo OMELET VEGETARIANO ............................................................................... $ 7.95 s Rancheros Mushrooms, spinach, bell pepper, onions and tomato (salsa ranchera optional). ASADA Y HUEVOS ......................................................................................... $10.95 - 
												
												SPICY CHICKEN with RICE CAKES and CABBAGE Dak Gali This Is a Spicy Comfort-Food Classic from the City of Chuncheon in the Northeast Region of South Korea
SPICY CHICKEN WITH RICE CAKES AND CABBAGE Dak Gali This is a spicy comfort-food classic from the city of Chuncheon in the northeast region of South Korea. Many college students from Seoul will get on a train and head to the northeast side of the peninsula to watch the sun rise over the East Sea, then head downtown, where a street full of dak galbi restaurants all claim to offer an “authentic” version of this dish. Various add-ins include cooked sweet potato noodles, potatoes, and rice cakes. Rice cakes (ddeok) come in cylindrical shapes but vary in thickness. The thicker ones are often sliced and cooked in soups such as New Year’s Day Soup (page 87). Thinner cylinders are commonly found in street foods, such as Braised Rice Cakes (page 69), which are simmered in gochujang sauce; the chewy texture and ability to absorb all the favors make this a much-beloved dish in Korea. We wanted to keep the chicken the star, but feel free to up the amount of rice cakes to 2 cups if you fnd them as addictive as we do. The surprise ingredient is a few pinches of hot Madras curry powder added to the spicy marinade. It adds rich depth to the dish and renders it extremely addictive. MAKES 4 TO 6 SERVINGS 3 tablespoons gochujang About 2 pounds boneless, skinless chicken thighs (preferably organic), cut into bite-size pieces 2 to 3 tablespoons gochugaru 1 cup (8 ounces) Korean rice cake (cylinder shape) 2 tablespoons low-sodium soy sauce 1 tablespoon vegetable oil 2 tablespoons granulated sugar 1 ⁄2 head green or white cabbage, cut into large cubes 2 tablespoons - 
												
												Meat Products and Consumption Culture in the East
Meat Science 86 (2010) 95–102 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Meat Science journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/meatsci Review Meat products and consumption culture in the East Ki-Chang Nam a, Cheorun Jo b, Mooha Lee c,d,⁎ a Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 540-742 Republic of Korea b Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 305-764 Republic of Korea c Division of Animal and Food Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-921 Republic of Korea d Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, 463-746 Republic of Korea article info abstract Article history: Food consumption is a basic activity necessary for survival of the human race and evolved as an integral part Received 29 January 2010 of mankind's existence. This not only includes food consumption habits and styles but also food preparation Received in revised form 19 March 2010 methods, tool development for raw materials, harvesting and preservation as well as preparation of food Accepted 8 April 2010 dishes which are influenced by geographical localization, climatic conditions and abundance of the fauna and flora. Food preparation, trade and consumption have become leading factors shaping human behavior and Keywords: developing a way of doing things that created tradition which has been passed from generation to generation Meat-based products Food culture making it unique for almost every human niche in the surface of the globe. Therefore, the success in The East understanding the culture of other countries or ethnic groups lies in understanding their rituals in food consumption customs. - 
												
												Buldaegi Bbq House
BULDAEGI BBQ HOUSE TABLE GRILL Beverages Bottled Water — $2 Sparkling Water — $2.50 Hot Tea (Green or Earl Gray)— $1.75 Canned Soda — $1.75 Sweet or Unsweet Tea (2 refills) — $2.25 DOMESTIC BEER — $4 Yuengling Blue Moon IMPORTED BEER — $5 Tsingtao (China) Heineken (Holland) Asahi (Japan) Kirin Ichiban (Japan) Sapporo (Japan) OB (Korea) Fried Dumplings (튀김만두) — $8 Deep fried dumplings with chicken and vegetables. 8 pieces. Haemul Pancake (해물파전) — $16 Crispy pancake withAppetizers assorted seafood, carrot, green and white onion. House Japchae (불돼지잡채) — $14 Glass noodles, carrot, white and green onion. Choose a style: Pork, Beef, or Veggie. Duk Bok Ki* (떡볶기) — $14 Rice cake, fish cake, hard-boiled egg, hot pepper paste sauce.Spicy. Dak Gangjeong (닭강정) — $14 Crispy boneless fried chicken glazed with sweet, housemade sauce. Tang Su Yuk (탕수육) — $18 Deep fried meat or tofu in housemade sweet & sour sauce. Choose a style: Beef, Pork, or Tofu. Spring Rolls - $8 Shredded cabbage, carrots, tofu, onions. 6 pieces. *Consuming raw or undercooked meats, poultry, seafood, shellfish, or egg may increase your risk of food-borne illnesses. Choose a minimum of 2 BBQ orders or 1 Combo. Includes lettuce wraps, banchan, corn cheese, steamed egg*. Extra small sidesTable — $6 each. (SeeGrill back page for options) Pork Combo A — $50.50 Choose any 5 meats from Pork BBQ. Serves 2. Pork Combo B — $70.50 Choose any 7 meats from Pork BBQ. Serves 3-4. Beef Combo A — $65.50 Choose 2 Beef BBQ and 2 Premium Beef BBQ. Serves 2. Beef Combo B — $89.50 Choose 2 Beef BBQ and 3 Premium Beef BBQ. - 
												
												The Global Beef Consumer a Diverse and Demanding Beast
The global beef consumer A diverse and demanding beast Scott Tolmie Market Intelligence Manager MLA’s remit • Research, Development and Adoption • Marketing Source of Levies – Primarily producers, along with government, processors and external partners Producer Levy $5 per head Marketing per transaction Grassfed ~45% of spend $5 per head per transaction Grainfed 20c per head Research & per transaction Sheep Development $1.50 per head per transaction Lamb ~55% of spend 37.7c per head per transaction Goat The global beef consumer A diverse and demanding beast Varied role of beef Across a range of countries, consumers reflect diversity in their protein consumption Consumer Health Availability Income Perceptions Culture/ Religion National Environmental History Considerations Competition Trade Policy Social Dietary Concerns Preferences Natural Place of Resources Origin Role of beef around the world • Long history of consumption in many markets • Constitutes a major dietary protein globally • Encompasses a wide range of products (low value offal to high value Wagyu cuts) • In many western countries often considered the “prime” meat • This role changes as we shift to Asia and the Middle East Source: OECD-FAO Role of beef around the world Beef as a % of Protein Consumption (excludes Seafood) 30% 28% 22% 18% 13% 10% 9% US Australia Japan EU Asia Saudi Arabia China Source: OECD-FAO Although consumers’ protein intake varies across the globe, their perceptions of proteins remain relatively consistent T H E S TA P L E THE CURIOSITY • Unfamiliar, occasional - 
												
												Cooking: Video A
Cooking: video A 3 chefs are invited to have lunch by another chef, Yves Rivoiron. On the menu: Specialities from Lyons. Pig’s trotters Oxtail And 'gras-double', which is ox tripe And a praline tart. Nathalie: "Hmm...that looks delicious, what is it?" Jean-Louis: "Well, what I’m making for you is oxtail simmered in tomatoes and shallots." Nathalie: "So what do you have to do first?" Jean-Louis: "First you cook the oxtail. So you stew the oxtail for three hours, three and a half hours. Because this takes time. You just simmer it gently. Until you hear the bubble bubble of the broth." Nathalie: "The what?" Jean-Louis: "The bubble bubble of the broth." Nathalie: "How does it go...?" Jean-Louis: "Really! Bubble bubble, right? There you are, a gentle simmering." Nathalie: "Hmm it does look really delicious!" Jean-Louis: "Oh it is delicious!" Nathalie: "What’s that?" Félix: "Now this is pig’s trotters, pork trotters. In English, 'pig's feet'. And we get it salted. You have to remove the salt first. Then you tie it up with strips of cloth. You cook it overnight and then you leave it to cool down. Which means that you need at least three days to prepare this dish." Nathalie: "Does it need fresh ingredients?" Félix:: "Of course. It needs fresh wholesome produce. This is free range pork, which is all we use. The things (ingredients) are very simple if you like, but they require a lot of time and work...and above all love." Nathalie: "Ah! You said love!" Félix: "That's what we like in Lyon.