DOCSLIB.ORG

Abbasid Caliphate, 44 Abd Al-Qadir, 172, 173, 199 Abd El-Krim, 197

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Abbasid Caliphate, 44 Abd Al-Qadir, 172, 173, 199 Abd El-Krim, 197 Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-68297-8 - Africans: The History of a Continent, Second Edition John Iliffe Index More information Index Abbasid Caliphate, 44 Aghlabid dynasty, 44, 51 Abd al-Qadir, 172, 173, 199 agriculture Abd el-Krim, 197, 199 in East Africa, 16, 35, 108, 112–13, 119, 190, Abdallah ibn Yasin, 46 191 , 222 Abdurahman, A., 280 in Egypt, 13, 45 Abeokuta, 154, 156, 160, 162 in Ethiopia, 14, 58 Abidjan, 298, 312 Green Revolution, 266 Abiodun, 146 mechanisation, 225, 266, 275, 283 Abu Ishaq al-Saheli, 87 in North Africa, 30, 31 , 32, 45, 166, 264 Abydos, 19 in Nubia, 14, 26 Accra, 147 origins of, 12–16 Accra riots, 257 postcolonial, 261, 264–6 Achimota, 230 in southern Africa, 36, 119, 185, 274, Act of Union (South Africa), 279 283 Action Group, 243, 258 in West Africa, 15–16, 63–7, 76, 96, 142, Adamawa, 175 150, 176, 222 Addis Ababa, 171 , 306, 311 Ahmad al-Mansur, 74, 167 Adulis, 41 Ahmad ibn Ibrahim, 61 Adwa, Battle of, 171 , 196 Ahmadu Lobbo, 178 Afonso Mbemba Nzinga, 134, 139, 145, 159 Ahmed Bey, 172 African Association, 241, 244, 256 AIDS see disease African Church Organisation, 163 Akan, 81 , 133, 147 African National Congress (South Africa), Akhenaten, 23 280–1 , 282–3, 291, 302 Akjoujt, 34 African National Congress (Southern Aksum, 41 , 56, 57, 61 Rhodesia), 244 Akwamu, 147 African Political Organisation, 280 Akwapim, 160, 210, 223 African Renaissance, 309 al-Azhar, 170 African Union, 309 al-Bakri, 51 , 91 Afrikaans language, 129, 185, 279 al-Banna, Hasan, 238 Afrikaner Bond, 185, 279 al-Idrisi, 69 Afrikaner people, 129, 130, 180, 181 , 182, al-Kanemi, Muhammad, 175 278–80, 286; see also Cape Colony, al-Maghili, 94 Orange Free State, South Africa, al-Masudi, 54, 103 Transvaal al-Suyuti, 94 Afroasiatic languages, 11, 63, 75 al-Turabi, Hassan, 304 Agades, 75, 202 al-Yakubi, 45, 51 Agaja, 143 al-Zawahiri, Ayman, 304 Agaw languages, 57 Aladura churches, 235 345 © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-68297-8 - Africans: The History of a Continent, Second Edition John Iliffe Index More information 346 Index Alexander the Great, 25 art, see rock art Alexandra, 277, 281 Arusha Declaration, 262 Alexandria, 25, 37, 40, 41 , 42, 61 Asante Algeria British conquest, 155, 163, 196, 199, 200, disease, 167, 172 202 European settlement, 212, 224, 254 Christianity, 160 French rule, 171 –2 economy, 142, 147, 150, 151 , 154, 210, fundamentalism, 304–5 211 independence, 254 gold, 147–8, 155, 211 nationalism, 238 and nationalism, 255, 258 population, 166, 172 response to abolition, 155, 157, 158 postcolonial, 264, 292, 304 restored Confederacy, 208 Algiers, 164, 304 settlement, 88 Ali Bey, 168 slave trade and state formation, 137, Ali bin al-Hasan, 55 147–8, 151 , 154 Allada, 80, 148, 150 Asimini, 151 Alliance High School, 230 Assin, 147 Almohads, 47, 52 Aswan, 27 Almoravids, 46, 51 , 52, 53 Attahiru, 201 Alvares, F., 58 Augustine, Saint, 40 Alwa, 42, 56 Australopithecines, 6–7 Amaro, 161 Awash Valley, 7 Amazons, 149 Awdaghust, 51 Ambaca, 159 Awolowo, O., 258 Amda Siyon, 57, 60, 171 Ayyubid dynasty, 47 Amhara, 57, 171 Azelik, 84 Amin, I., 271, 290 Azikiwe, N., 232, 241 Amr ibn al-As, 43 Amun, 23–4, 26, 28 Baga, 133 Anglo-Boer War, 197, 198, 278, 279 Bagamoyo, 53, 187, 188, 211 Angoche, 105 Bagauda, 64 Angola, 136, 137, 139, 141 , 142, 143, 145, 149, Bagre society, 89, 90, 91 150, 151 , 152, 153, 154, 156, 158, 159, 164, Bamako, 193, 196, 211 197, 225, 256, 268 Bamba, Amadou, 209 Anlo, 152 Bambara, 74, 145, 173, 178, 206 Antonine movement, 145, 159 Bambatha Rebellion, 203 Antony, Saint, 37 Bambuk, 50, 51 , 73 Anyi, 70 Bamileke, 221 apartheid, 2, 273, 281–7 Bamoum, 157 Apedemak, 28 bananas, 15–16, 108, 110, 112, 118, 222 Apuleius, 32 Banda, H. K., 300 Arabi, Colonel, 195 Bandiagara, 63 Arawa, 98 Bangui, 311 Archinard, L., 206 Bannerman, J., 162 Arden-Clarke, C., 198, 254 Bantu speakers Arguin Island, 131 expansion in East Africa, 16, 34–6, 108, Armee´ Islamique du Salut, 305 110 armies, see military expansion in southern Africa, 35–6, Arochukwu, 137, 237 100–1 , 127 © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-68297-8 - Africans: The History of a Continent, Second Edition John Iliffe Index More information Index 347 expansion in West Africa, 16, 66–7 Biton Kulibali, 145, 179 languages, 16, 54 Biya, P., 299 religion, 125 Black Consciousness, 285 Banu Hilal, 46, 47 Black Death, 2, 37, 47–9, 55, 68, 166 bao game, see mankala game Blaize, R. B., 163 Baoule,´ 201 Bloc Democratique´ Sen´ egalais,´ 255 Bariba, 80, 93, 146 Bloemfontein, 280 Barwe, 202 Blombos Cave, 9, 10 Basel Mission, 210 Bloodmen, 156 Bauchi, 175 Blood River, Battle of, 182 Bawol, 144 Bobangi, 137, 146, 151 , 158 Bayei, 113 Boilat, D., 162 Beatrix Kimpa Vita, 145 Bonny, 138, 151 , 156, 161 Bechuanaland, see Botswana Bono Manso, 81 Begho, 81 Borgu see Bariba Beit, A., 186 bori cult, 91 , 176 Belgian Congo see Congo, Democratic Borno, 51 , 69, 74–5, 77, 84, 85, 92, 97, 175, Republic of 177 Belhadj, Ali, 305 Botha, L., 279 Bemba, 107, 108, 115, 119, 126, 247 Botha, P. W., 286 Benedictines, 232 Botswana, 197, 213, 259, 261, 265, 271, 302, Beni societies, 227 309, 312; see also Tswana Benin kingdom, 66, 69, 78, 79–80, 86, 87, Bouake,´ 211 88, 89, 91 , 95, 98, 133, 139, 151 , 158, 159, Bourguiba, H., 238, 254, 269, 270 196, 206, 239 boys Dakar, 298 Benin, Republic of, 299, 309; see also Braide, G., 234 Dahomey Brand, J. H., 182 Berbers Brazzaville Conference, 242 ancient Libyans, 24, 25, 29 bridewealth, see family structure Christianity, 40 Briere` de l’Isle, L.-A., 193 early history, 29–33 Britain and European conquest, 172, 197 in East Africa, 189, 196, 200, 208 Islam, 43, 44–5, 53, 144, 174 in Egypt, 169, 170, 195 language, 11, 31 , 44, 63 in Ethiopia, 171 medieval dynasties, 45–7 and Second World War, 228 and Moroccan state, 167 in slave trade and abolition, 135, 153 pastoralism, 13 in southern Africa, 130, 181 –3, 185, 197, Saharan trade, 50, 51 , 52, 85 208 Berlin Conference, 195 in Sudan, 196, 208 Beta Israel, 57 in West Africa, 161, 163, 195, 196, 207–8 Beti, 157, 230, 232 see also decolonisation Biafra, 269 British South Africa Company, 198 Bigo, 110 Buganda, 110–11, 114, 116, 119, 121 , 123, 126, Biko, S., 285 148, 152, 188, 189, 191 , 192, 199, 200, bilharzia see disease 202, 203, 206, 229, 231, 234, 240, 244 Bir Kiseiba, 13 Bugerere, 223 Birimi, 15 Buhen, 26–9 Bismarck, O. von, 195, 197, 198 Bujumbura, 311 Bito clan, 110, 111, 112, 116 Bulawayo, 202, 211 © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-68297-8 - Africans: The History of a Continent, Second Edition John Iliffe Index More information 348 Index Bundu, 144 in Nubia, 28, 56 Bunyoro, 110, 111, 112, 116, 118, 122, 170, 188, origins of pastoralism, 12–13 189, 200 in Sahara, 13 Bure, 52 in southern Africa, 35, 36, 100, 101 –4, 118, Burmi, Battle of, 201 123, 127, 179 Burns, A., 243 in West Africa, 15 Burundi, 112, 113, 116, 117, 126, 190, 192, 208, cattle-killing, 184 239, 258, 301 , 307, 308 Central African Federation, 244, 256, Butua, 105 259 Buyoya, P., 307, 308 Central African Republic, 218 Bwana Mkubwa, 123 Ceuta, 131 Bwiti cult, 237, 248 Chad, 268 Byzantium, 40, 41 , 42, 43, 46, 61 Chadli, Benjedid, 304, 305 Chagga, 120, 187, 191 Cairo, 45, 48, 75, 166, 168, 169, 227, 230, 304 Chalcedon, Council of, 40 Calabar, 138, 154, 156, 158 Chamber of Mines, 274 Caledon Code, 181 Changamire, 105, 120 camels, 32, 50, 83, 84, 177 charity, 21, 37, 59, 61 , 95, 236 Cameroun, 195, 255, 299 Chewa, 120, 180, 230 cancer, see disease Chibinda Ilunga, 107, 115 cannibalism, 69, 138, 140 Chibuene, 53, 54 canoes, 13, 83, 122 chiefs Cape Colony colonial, 205–9, 240–1 British conquest, 130, 181 –3 and nationalism, 258, 259 Dutch rule, 126–30 postcolonial, 271 franchise, 183, 185, 279 chikunda, 105, 121 frontier, 130 Chilembwe, J., 202, 205, 231 liberalism, 183 Chinese labour, 278 racialism, 129 Chinithi, 32 responsible government, 185 Chiti Muluba, 115 slave emancipation, 213 Chokwe, 156 slavery, 128–9 cholera, see disease Trekboers, 130, 182 Christianity Cape Town, 117, 122, 128, 129, 182, 185, 277, in colonial period, 232–5 278, 282 in East Africa, 189, 235 Cape Verde, 69 eclecticism, 159, 161, 184, 233–4, 296 capitalism (African), 177, 223–4, 291, in Egypt, 37–8, 40, 43–4 306 in Ethiopia, 41 , 56–62 Capuchin friars, 159, 160 independent churches, 163, 235, 296 Carthage, 30–1 , 33, 34, 38 in North Africa, 37–40, 44, 47 Casablanca, 227 in Nubia, 41 –2, 56 cassava, 113, 142, 191 , 222, 247 pentecostal, 297 Cato Manor, 282 postcolonial, 296–7 cattle in southern Africa, 105, 130, 159, 181 , in East Africa, 14–15, 16, 34, 100, 109, 110, 183–5 118, 123, 191 in West Africa, 134, 145, 155, 158–61 in Egypt, 13 Church Missionary Society, 189 in Ethiopia, 14 chwezi cult, 126, 191 , 234 in North Africa, 13, 30, 32 Circumcellions, 40 © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-68297-8 - Africans: The History of a Continent, Second Edition John Iliffe Index More information Index 349 civil war postcolonial, 265 Algeria, 305–6 in southern Africa, 34–6, 101 –3 Angola, 268, 309 as theme, 1 –4 Burundi, 308 in West Africa, 63–71, 209, 223, 224, 265 Chad, 268, 296 coloured people (South Africa), 186, 277, Congo, Democratic Republic of, 268, 309 280, 282, 284, 286, 302 Congo, Republic of, 301 communism, 238, 240, 255, 280, 300, 306 Ethiopia, 306 Communist Party of South Africa, 277, Liberia, 306 278, 281 Mozambique, 268 Conakry, 211 Nigeria, 269, 302 Congo, Democratic Republic
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Africans: the HISTORY of a CONTINENT, Second Edition
    P1: RNK 0521864381pre CUNY780B-African 978 0 521 68297 8 May 15, 2007 19:34 This page intentionally left blank ii P1: RNK 0521864381pre CUNY780B-African 978 0 521 68297 8 May 15, 2007 19:34 africans, second edition Inavast and all-embracing study of Africa, from the origins of mankind to the AIDS epidemic, John Iliffe refocuses its history on the peopling of an environmentally hostilecontinent.Africanshavebeenpioneersstrugglingagainstdiseaseandnature, and their social, economic, and political institutions have been designed to ensure their survival. In the context of medical progress and other twentieth-century innovations, however, the same institutions have bred the most rapid population growth the world has ever seen. The history of the continent is thus a single story binding living Africans to their earliest human ancestors. John Iliffe was Professor of African History at the University of Cambridge and is a Fellow of St. John’s College. He is the author of several books on Africa, including Amodern history of Tanganyika and The African poor: A history,which was awarded the Herskovits Prize of the African Studies Association of the United States. Both books were published by Cambridge University Press. i P1: RNK 0521864381pre CUNY780B-African 978 0 521 68297 8 May 15, 2007 19:34 ii P1: RNK 0521864381pre CUNY780B-African 978 0 521 68297 8 May 15, 2007 19:34 african studies The African Studies Series,founded in 1968 in collaboration with the African Studies Centre of the University of Cambridge, is a prestigious series of monographs and general studies on Africa covering history, anthropology, economics, sociology, and political science.
    [Show full text]
  • Sacred Spaces, Political Authority, and the Dynamics of Tradition in Mijikenda History
    Sacred Spaces, Political Authority, and the Dynamics of Tradition in Mijikenda History A thesis presented to the faculty of the College of Arts and Sciences of Ohio University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Arts David P. Bresnahan June 2010 © 2010 David P. Bresnahan. All Rights Reserved. 2 This thesis titled Sacred Spaces, Political Authority, and the Dynamics of Tradition in Mijikenda History by DAVID P. BRESNAHAN has been approved for the Department of History and the College of Arts and Sciences by Nicholas M. Creary Assistant Professor of History Benjamin M. Ogles Dean, College of Arts and Sciences 3 ABSTRACT BRESNAHAN, DAVID P., M.A., June 2010, History Sacred Spaces, Political Authority, and the Dynamics of Tradition in Mijikenda History (156 pp.) Director of Thesis: Nicholas M. Creary This thesis explores the social, political, and symbolic roles of the Mijikenda kayas in the Coast Province of Kenya. The kayas, which exist today as sacred grove forests, are the original homesteads of the Mijikenda and the organizational units from which the symbolic authority and esoteric knowledge of the Mijikenda elders are derived. As a result, I conceptualize kayas as the physical space of the forests, but also complex networks of political, metaphysical, and symbolic power. While the kaya forests and their associated institutions have often been framed as cultural relics, I use this lens to illustrate how the position of the kayas in Mijikenda life has influenced broader social and political developments. Three main themes are developed: the first theme addresses how the kayas were used in different capacities to create space from the encroachment of colonial rule.
    [Show full text]
  • The Kenyan British Colonial Experience
    Peace and Conflict Studies Volume 25 Number 1 Decolonizing Through a Peace and Article 2 Conflict Studies Lens 5-2018 Modus Operandi of Oppressing the “Savages”: The Kenyan British Colonial Experience Peter Karari [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://nsuworks.nova.edu/pcs Part of the Peace and Conflict Studies Commons Recommended Citation Karari, Peter (2018) "Modus Operandi of Oppressing the “Savages”: The Kenyan British Colonial Experience," Peace and Conflict Studies: Vol. 25 : No. 1 , Article 2. DOI: 10.46743/1082-7307/2018.1436 Available at: https://nsuworks.nova.edu/pcs/vol25/iss1/2 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Peace & Conflict Studies at NSUWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Peace and Conflict Studies by an authorized editor of NSUWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Modus Operandi of Oppressing the “Savages”: The Kenyan British Colonial Experience Abstract Colonialism can be traced back to the dawn of the “age of discovery” that was pioneered by the Portuguese and the Spanish empires in the 15th century. It was not until the 1870s that “New Imperialism” characterized by the ideology of European expansionism envisioned acquiring new territories overseas. The Berlin Conference of 1884-1885 prepared the ground for the direct rule and occupation of Africa by European powers. In 1895, Kenya became part of the British East Africa Protectorate. From 1920, the British colonized Kenya until her independence in 1963. As in many other former British colonies around the world, most conspicuous and appalling was the modus operandi that was employed to colonize the targeted territories.
    [Show full text]
  • Notes and References
    Notes and References 1 The Foundation of Kenya Colony I. P[ublic] R[ecord] O[ffice] Kew CO 533/234 ff 432-44. Kenya was how Johann Krapf, the German missionary who was in 1849 the first white man to see the mountain, transliterated the Kamba pronunciation of the Kikuyu name for it, Kirinyaga. The Kamba substituted glottal stops for intermediate consonants, hence 'Ki-i-ny-a'. T. C. Colchester, 'Origins of Kenya as the Name of the Country', Rhodes House. Mss Afr s.1849. 2. PRO CO 822/3117 Malcolm MacDonald to Duncan Sandys. Secret and Personal. 18 September 1963. 3. The new rail routes in question were the Uasin Gishu line and the Thika extension. M. F. Hill, Permanent Way. The StOlY of the Kenya and Uganda Railway (Nairobi: East African Railways and Harbours, 2nd edn 1961), p. 392. 4. Daily Sketch, 5 July 1920, p. 5. 5. Sekallyolya ('the crane [or stork] looking out on the world') was first printed in Nairobi in the Luganda language in 1921. From time to time it brought out editions in Swahili and for special occasions in English. Harry Thuku's Tangazo was the first Kenya African single­ sheet newsletter. 6. Interview with James Beauttah, Fort Hall, 1964. Beauttah was one of the first English-speaking African telephone operators. He claimed to be the first African to have electricity in his house. 7. PRO FO 2/377 A. Gray to FO, 16 February 1900, 'Memo on Report of Law Officers of the Crown reo East Africa and Uganda Protector­ ates'. The effect of the opinion of the law officers is that Her Majesty has, by virtue of her Protectorate, entire control over all lands unappropriated ..
    [Show full text]
  • Roman Algeria, the Sahara & the M'zab Valley 2022
    Roman Algeria, the Sahara & the M’Zab Valley 2022 13 MAR – 2 APR 2022 Code: 22203 Tour Leaders Tony O’Connor Physical Ratings Explore Ottoman kasbahs, Roman Constantine, Timgad & Djemila, mud-brick trading towns of the Sahara, Moorish Tlemcen, & the secret world of the Berber M'Zab valley. Overview Join archaeologist Tony O'Connor on this fascinating tour which explores Roman Algeria, the Sahara & the M'Zab Valley. Explore the twisting streets, stairs, and alleys of the Ottoman Kasbah of Algiers and enjoy magnificent views across the city from the French colonial Cathedral of Notre-Dame d'Afrique. Wander perfectly preserved streets at the UNESCO World Heritage sites of Roman Djémila and Timgad, empty of visitors and complete with stunning mosaics, full-size temples, triumphal arches, market places, and theatres. At Sétif gaze upon one of the most exquisite mosaics in all of the Roman world – The Triumph of Dionysus. Engage with Numidian Kings at the extraordinary tombs of Medracen and the 'Tomb of the Christian' along with the ambitions of Cleopatra and Mark Antony at their daughter’s former capital of Caesarea/Cherchell. Explore the Roman 'City of Bridges', Constantine, encircled by the dramatic gorge of Wadi Rummel. Wander the atmospheric ruins of the Roman towns of Tipaza and Tiddis: Tipaza overlooks the Mediteranean, while Tiddis perches on a hillside, overlooking the fertile lands of Constantine. Walk the Algerian 'Grand Canyon' at El Ghoufi: a centre of Aures Berber culture, Algerian resistance to French colonial rule, inscriptions left behind by the engineers of Emperor Hadrian himself, and photogenic mud-brick villages clustering along vertiginous rocky ledges.
    [Show full text]
  • The Berber Identity: a Double Helix of Islam and War by Alvin Okoreeh
    The Berber Identity: A Double Helix of Islam and War By Alvin Okoreeh Mezquita de Córdoba, Interior. Muslim Spain is characterized by a myriad of sophisticated and complex dynamics that invariably draw from a foundation rooted in an ethnically diverse populace made up of Arabs, Berbers, muwalladun, Mozarebs, Jews, and Christians. According to most scholars, the overriding theme for this period in the Iberian Peninsula is an unprecedented level of tolerance. The actual level of tolerance experienced by its inhabitants is debatable and relative to time, however, commensurate with the idea of tolerance is the premise that each of the aforementioned groups was able to leave a distinct mark on the era of Muslim dominance in Spain. The Arabs, with longstanding ties to supremacy in Damascus and Baghdad exercised authority as the conqueror and imbued al-Andalus with culture and learning until the fall of the caliphate in 1031. The Berbers were at times allies with the Arabs and Christians, were often enemies with everyone on the Iberian Peninsula, and in the times of the taifas, Almoravid and Almohad dynasties, were the rulers of al-Andalus. The muwalladun, subjugated by Arab perceptions of a dubious conversion to Islam, were mired in compulsory ineptitude under the pretense that their conversion to Islam would yield a more prosperous life. The Mozarebs and Jews, referred to as “people of the book,” experienced a wide spectrum of societal conditions ranging from prosperity to withering persecution. This paper will argue that the Berbers, by virtue of cultural assimilation and an identity forged by militant aggressiveness and religious zealotry, were the most influential ethno-religious group in Muslim Spain from the time of the initial Muslim conquest of Spain by Berber-led Umayyad forces to the last vestige of Muslim dominance in Spain during the time of the Almohads.
    [Show full text]
  • International Human Rights Instruments
    UNITED NATIONS HRI International Distr. GENERAL Human Rights HRI/CORE/1/Add.46 Instruments 8 June 1994 ENGLISH Original: FRENCH CORE DOCUMENT FORMING PART OF THE REPORTS OF STATES PARTIES TUNISIA [16 May 1994] TABLE OF CONTENTS Paragraphs Page I. LAND AND PEOPLE ................... 1- 46 2 A. Geographical and historical data......... 1- 23 2 B. Demographic and economic data .......... 24- 46 6 II. GENERAL POLITICAL STRUCTURE ............. 47- 77 10 A. Overall political development .......... 47- 58 10 B. Current constitutional and legal framework.... 59- 77 11 III. GENERAL FRAMEWORK WITHIN WHICH HUMAN RIGHTS ARE PROTECTED .................... 78-106 17 A. Political and administrative organs competent in the field of human rights .......... 78- 80 17 B. The judicial bodies responsible for the protection of human rights............ 81- 93 17 C. Other institutions and organs responsible for monitoring respect for human rights ....... 94-103 19 D. Supremacy of international conventions over internal legislation and their direct enforcement in Tunisia.............. 104-106 21 IV. INFORMATION AND PUBLICITY .............. 107-118 23 GE.94-17521 (E) HRI/CORE/1/Add.46 page 2 I. LAND AND PEOPLE A. Geographical and historical data 1. Tunisia occupies a privileged position at the heart of the Mediterranean. Its relief is varied, with snow-covered mountains in winter, a sandy desert in the south and several hundred kilometres of sandy beaches along its coast. It has a temperate climate. It is located in the extreme north-east of Africa, between 37 and 30 degrees north, and is 164,150 square kilometres in area. Its coasts, which are washed by the Mediterranean to the north and east, are over 1,300 km long.
    [Show full text]
  • 3.8.1 History & Government Paper 1 (311/1) SECTION a (25 Marks)
    3.8 HISTORY & GOVERNMENT (311) 3.8.1 History & Government Paper 1 (311/1) SECTION A (25 marks) Answer ALL the questions in this section. 1 State two ways in which the study of History and Government promotes a sense of patriotism in the learner. (2 marks) 2 Name the community in Kenya that belongs to the Southern Cushites. (1 mark) 3 State two political functions of the Oloibon among the Maasai during the 19th century. (2 marks) 4 Give two ways through which knowledge in marine technology facilitated the coming of the early visitors to the Kenyan Coast. (2 marks) 5 Identify the town that was established by missionaries in Kenya as a centre for freed slaves during the 19th Century. (1 mark) 6 State two ways in which the National Accord and Reconciliation Act, 2008 affected the composition of the government in Kenya. (2 marks) 7 Give two reasons why the British used the Imperial British East African Company (I.B.E.A.C.) to administer its possessions in Kenya. (2 marks) 8 Identify two ways in which the results of the collaboration of the Maasai with British was similar to that of the Wanga. (2 marks) 9 Give one way in which the construction of the Uganda railway speeded up the colonization of Kenya. (1 mark) 10 Give the main political contribution of Christian Missionaries in Kenya during the struggle for independence upto 1939. (1 mark) 11 Name the first African to be appointed as minister in Kenya by the colonial government. (1 mark) 12 State the main result of the Lyttleton Constitutional amendment of 1954.
    [Show full text]
  • Downloaded Cc-By-Nc from License.Brill.Com10/02/2021 05:36:28AM Via Free Access
    chapter 2 Group Identifications: African and Global Categories Defining African Ethnicities against a Global Background Discussions about group identifications in sub-Saharan Africa, and elsewhere in the world, are today dominated by a somewhat odd parallelism between different concepts, which are rarely understood as alternatives. This relates to the factors of ethnicity, religion, and the post-colonial nation-building proj- ects: in the case of West Africa, for some regions, like Nigeria, the debate now favours religion almost exclusively as a divisive problem; in Ghana and Sierra Leone, regional and ethnic factors are broadly discussed; for Côte d’Ivoire, scholars seek explanations for what they regard as the failure of nation- building. The different factors, to which we can add family, kinship, and mod- els of political organisation, are rarely brought into a larger panorama. Moreover, they are not really seen as different options for identification for an individual or for a group.1 The current chapter endeavours to give the reader a solid general idea about ethnic sentiment as a conceptual factor in sub-Saharan Africa and in its global dimensions. It addresses key problems in this context: the debate about the nature of ethnicity, with its slowly changing arguments over the last five decades; and the quest for a working definition of ethnic groups. Concerning the former, it is necessary to engage with a basic discussion of whether ethnic identification is a long-lasting ‘traditional’ fact or a construction under condi- tions of colonial rule: that is, would a member of a certain community have automatically been inclined to identify herself or himself as belonging to her or his ethnic group, or was she or he usually led or even manipulated to do so? The second problem is also quite intriguing.
    [Show full text]
  • Imitation Games. Some Notes on the Envoys Sent by Borso D’Este to Uthman, Ruler of Tunis
    4 / 2020 The Journal for Renaissance and Early Modern Diplomatic Studies Beatrice Saletti University of Ferrara IMITATION GAMES. SOME NOTES ON THE ENVOYS SENT BY BORSO D’ESTE TO UTHMAN, RULER OF TUNIS Abstract In April 1464 Borso d’Este, Lord of Ferrara, sent two of his servants to Tunis in order to purchase prized horses, giving precise instructions for off ering his regards and presenting his gifts to the ruler of Tunis. Th e letter that the Marquis entrusts to his two servants is a mine of information, because Borso leaves nothing to chance. His instructions cover every aspect of the ambassadorial visit: when to show the gifts, how and in what order to show them, the speech to be given. Many of the instructions given to ambassadors by their governments are yet to be investigated: how much room for manoeuvre did they leave in achieving the objectives of the mission, for example? In the case of the Marquis of Ferrara, Borso intends to exhibit his kingship through the staging of the presentation of his gifts, and through the posture, the gestures and the words of his representatives. Th e analysis of his letter can off er an interpretative guide for examining the appearances and public celebrations organized by Borso during his rule, which took place in an age of great experimentation. Keywords: Italian Renaissance diplomacy, Borso d’Este, Caliph Uthman, gift-giving, Abbasid, Tunisia Inspired by two exchanges of the mid-fi fteenth century between Tunis and Ferrara, this study refl ects on gifts, diplomacy, politics and social customs.
    [Show full text]
  • Violence, Protection and Commerce
    This file is to be used only for a purpose specified by Palgrave Macmillan, such as checking proofs, preparing an index, reviewing, endorsing or planning coursework/other institutional needs. You may store and print the file and share it with others helping you with the specified purpose, but under no circumstances may the file be distributed or otherwise made accessible to any other third parties without the express prior permission of Palgrave Macmillan. Please contact [email protected] if you have any queries regarding use of the file. Proof 1 2 3 3 4 Violence, Protection and 5 6 Commerce 7 8 Corsairing and ars piratica in the Early Modern 9 Mediterranean 10 11 Wolfgang Kaiser and Guillaume Calafat 12 13 14 15 Like other maritime spaces, and indeed even large oceans such as the 16 Indian Ocean, the Mediterranean was not at all a ‘no man’s sea’ – as 17 the sea in general appears, opposed to territorial conquest and occupa- 18 tion of land, in a prominent way in Carl Schmitt’s opposition between 19 a terrestrian and a ‘free maritime’ spatial order.1 Large oceanic spaces 20 such as the Indian Ocean and smaller ones such as the Mediterranean 21 were both culturally highly saturated and legally regulated spaces.2 22 The Inner Sea has even been considered as a matrix of the legal and 23 political scenario of imposition of the Roman ‘policy of the sea’ that 24 had efficiently guaranteed free circulation and trade by eliminating 25 the pirates – Cicero’s ‘enemy of mankind’ 3– who formerly had infected the 26 Mediterranean.
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Research Report 2016
    RRR Cover Final 11/9/17 5:23 PM Page 1 C M Y CM MY CY CMY K Composite RRR 2017 | Intro pages 11/10/17 11:59 AM Page 1 C M Y CM MY CY CMY K A publication of the Rhodes University Research Office, compiled and edited by: Tarryn Gillitt, Thumeka Mantolo, Jill Macgregor and Jaine Roberts. Cover: Rhodes University researchers Visiting Professor Research Office Thembela Kepe (top left), Associate Professor Dion Nkomo Director: Jaine Roberts (top right), Professor Sioux McKenna (below left) and [email protected] Associate Professor Sam Naidu (below right). Tel: +27 (46) 603 8756/7572 Cover photos: Snow Cindy Harris www.ru.ac.za Composite RRR 2017 | Intro pages 11/10/17 10:10 AM Page 2 C M Y CM MY CY CMY K Rhodes University Research Report | 2016 03 FOREWORD Dr Sizwe Mabizela, Vice-Chancellor 05 INTRODUCTION Dr Peter Clayton, Deputy Vice-Chancellor: Research & Development 07 TOP 30 RESEARCHERS 08 PHD GRADUATES AT THE 2016 GRADUATION CEREMONIES 13 VICE-CHANCELLOR’S DISTINGUISHED SENIOR RESEARCH AWARD Professor Heila Lotz-Sisitka 15 VICE-CHANCELLOR’S DISTINGUISHED RESEARCH AWARD Associate Professor Dion Nkomo 18 VICE-CHANCELLOR’S DISTINGUISHED RESEARCH AWARD Associate Professor Julie Coetzee 20 RESEARCH FOCUS Associate Professor Sam Naidu 22 HUMAN GEOGRAPHY Professor Thembela Kepe 24 THE CENTRE FOR POSTGRADUATE STUDIES Professor Sioux McKenna 26 RETRIEVING & RE-PUBLISHING ISIXHOSA WRITINGS 01 Composite RRR 2017 | Intro pages 11/10/17 10:10 AM Page 3 C M Y CM MY CY CMY K Rhodes University Research Report | 2016 30 Publications from the Vice-Chancellorate
    [Show full text]