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Filipe Cianconi Rodrigues UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE JUIZ DE FORA FACULDADE DE LETRAS PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM LINGUÍSTICA Filipe Cianconi Rodrigues A Ars grammatica de Mário Plócio Sacerdote, a “primeira gramática latina”, e a tradição gramatical do século III Juiz de Fora 2020 1 Filipe Cianconi Rodrigues A Ars grammatica de Mário Plócio Sacerdote, a “primeira gramática latina”, e a tradição gramatical do século III Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós-graduação em Linguística da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora como requisito parcial à obtenção do grau de Mestre em Linguística. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Fábio da Silva Fortes Juiz de Fora 2020 2 3 Filipe Cianconi Rodrigues A Ars grammatica de Mário Plócio Sacerdote, a “primeira gramática latin”, e a tradição gramatical do século III Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Linguística da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora como requisito parcial à obtenção do grau de Mestre em Linguística. Aprovada em em 28 de agosto de 2020 4 5 AGRADECIMENTOS Em primeiro lugar, gostaria de agradecer aos meus pais, Helena e Agnaldo, e ao meu irmão, Guilherme, pelo apoio de sempre. Tenho muito a agradecer aos professores da área de Estudos Clássicos da Faculdade de Letras da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora por estarem sempre ao meu lado nesse período intenso de crescimento pessoal e profissional. Gratias maximas uobis ago! E agradeço especialmente ao professor Fábio da Silva Fortes, por aceitar me orientar neste trabalho e por me acompanhar nessa trajetória, me auxiliando no meu crescimento. Agradeço imensamente aos amigos que estiveram comigo durante todo este processo de escrita. A sua amizade me ajudou a permanecer com a cabeça erguida e a seguir em frente. Muitíssimo obrigado, em especial, à Sheila Chaves, Letícia Rodrigues, Katlin Viana, Jediael Coutinho, Marta Libanório e Fernanda Soares por estarem ao meu lado nesse momento e por tornar todo esse processo mais tranquilo e divertido. Amo muito vocês! Quero deixar registrado meu carinho e reconhecimento aos queridos amigos: Andressa Barcellos, Bárbara Delgado, Beatriz Rezende, Camila Nonato, Deborah Damasceno, Doni Martins, Fernando Adão, Isabella Cunha, Jefferson Pontes, Jéssica Pavan, João Victor Leite, Larissa Teixeira, Leomar Francisco, Letícia Reis, Pablo Mesaque (que esteve comigo desde que éramos crianças!), Paula Bittencourt, Priscila Tarabossi e, por último, mas não menos importante Sarah Ovídio. Vocês são uma parte essencial de mim! E por último, gostaria de agradecer à CAPES por financiar esta pesquisa, permitindo que ela pudesse prosseguir de forma plena! A todos vocês, meu muitíssimo obrigado! 6 7 RESUMO Seguindo os preceitos estabelecidos por Koerner (1995) e a metodologia apresentada por Swiggers (2012) para o estudo da Historiografia da Linguística, o objetivo desse trabalho, desenvolvido no âmbito do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Linguística da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), é apresentar uma tradução comentada inédita do primeiro livro do primeiro tratado gramatical latino que chegou até nós (HOLTZ, 2010[1981]; HOVDHAUGEN, 1995), atribuído ao gramático Mario Plócio Sacerdote. Para tanto, investigamos, em primeira instância, o “clima de opinião” (KOERNER, 1995) que envolvia o gramático e sua obra – dividida em três livros e datada do século III –, bem como expusemos o contexto social que cercava o ofício de gramático durante aquele tempo. Nosso segundo passo foi fazer uma análise do corpus, estabelecendo sua divisão estrutural com o intuito de conceber uma melhor compreensão do texto e apontando aspectos relevantes da obra, a partir do segundo princípio apresentado por Koerner (1995), o princípio da imanência. Por último, aplicamos à nossa tradução o princípio da adequação (KOERNER, 1995), de modo que foram feitas aproximações relacionadas ao vocabulário técnico sem que os termos latinos perdessem sua essência, instrínseca ao contexto em que aparecem. A tradução comentada do primeiro livro da ars de Sacerdote, em primeiro lugar, nos permitiu fazer uma análise crítica da obra mais detalhada e visa não só conceder o acesso à obra por aqueles que não dominam o latim ou não possuam conhecimento sobre a tradição gramatical latina, mas também permitir que, através de um diálogo intercultural e interlinguístico, o leitor moderno vislumbre, com o auxílio de anotações e comentários, os trechos que, a priori, soariam obscuros – contribuindo, assim, para uma melhor compreensão do texto. Palavras-chave: Sacerdote. Gramática latina. Ars grammatica. Tradução. 8 9 ABSTRACT Following the precepts established by Koerner (1995) and the methodology presented by Swiggers (2012) to the study of Historiography of Linguistics, this work, developed in the scope of the Post-Gratuation in Linguistics Program of the Federal Univerisity of Juiz de Fora (UFJF), aims at presenting an original commented translation of the first book of the first Latin grammatical treatise that reached us, attributed to Marius Plotius Sacerdos. To do so, we have investigated, in the first instance, the “climate of opinion” (KOERNER 1995) that concerned the grammarian and his work – which is divided in three books and dated back to the third century – as well as displayed the social context that surrounded the occupation of a grammarian during that time. Our next step was to analyse the corpus, establishing its structural division in order to conceive a better understanding of the text and pointing out some of its relevant aspects, based on the second principle proposed by Koerner (1995), the immanance principle. Finally, we have applied to our translation the principle of adequation (KOERNER, 1995) so that were made some approximations of the technical vocabulary, so the Latin terms did not lose their essence, instrinsic to the context in which they appear. The commented translation of the first book of Sacerdos’ ars, firstly, has allowed us to make a more detailed critical analysis and aims at, not only, providing the work access to people who do not master Latin or do not possess any knowledge about the Latin grammatical tradition, but also allowing the modern reader, through an intercultural and interlinguistic dialogue, to envisage, with the help of notes and commentaries, the excerpts that, a priori, would sound obscure – contributing to a better understanding of the text. Keywords: Sacerdos. Latin grammar. Ars grammatica. Translation. 10 11 LISTA DE TABELAS Tabela 1 – primeiro livro da ars Sacerdotis .................................................................... 44 Tabela 2 - segundo livro da ars Sacerdotis ..................................................................... 44 Tabela 3 - terceiro livro da ars Sacerdotis ...................................................................... 44 Tabela 4 - correlação entre as desinências dos casos latino ........................................... 50 Tabela 5 - comparação entre a ordenação das partes da oração ..................................... 52 Tabela 6 - as propriedades do verbo ............................................................................... 56 Tabela 7 - comparação dos modos optativo e subjuntivo ............................................... 58 Tabela 8 – dos metaplasmos ou figuras .......................................................................... 67 Tabela 9 – dos demais vícios .......................................................................................... 69 Tabela 10 – dos schemata ............................................................................................... 70 Tabela 11 – dos tropos .................................................................................................... 73 Tabela 12 – autores citados por nome ............................................................................ 76 Tabela 13 – obras e citações ........................................................................................... 78 12 13 LISTA DE ABREVIATURAS E SIGLAS G.L – Grammatici Latini A.G – Analecta Grammatica Adelph. – Adelphoe (Os Irmãos) Aen. – Aeneis (Eneida) And. – Andria (A Garota da Ilha de Andros) Ann. – Annalium fragmenta (Os Anais) Bell. Catil. – Bellum Catilinae (Da conspiração de Catilina) Bell. Iugur. – Bellum Iugurthinum (A Guerra de Jugurta) Carm. – Carmina (Epístolas) Cf. – Confira De fin. – De Finibus bonorum et malorum (Sobre a finalidade moral) De gram. – De Grammaticis et Rhetoribus (Dos gramáticos e rétores) De inuent. – De Inuentione (Sobre a invenção) De Or. – De Oratore (Do Orador) De rerum – De Rerum Natura (Da Natureza das Coisas) Ecl. – Eclogae (Bucólicas) Epid. – Epidicus (Epídico) Epig. Mart. – Epigrammata Martialis (Epigramas) Eun. – Eunuchus (O Eunuco) Georg. – Gerogicon (Geórgicas) Heauton. – Heautontimoroumenos (O Flagelador de Si Mesmo) Hec. – Hecyra (A Sogra) In Catil. – In Catilinam (As Catilinárias) In Pison. – In Pisonem (Contra Pisão) In Verr. – In Verrem (Contra Verres) Inst. or. – Institutio oratoria LL – De lingua Latina (Sobre a Língua Latina) Phars. – Pharsalia siue De Bello Ciuili (Farsália) Phorm. – Phormio (Fórmio) Pro Cael. – Pro Caelio (Em defesa de Célio) Pro Deio. – Pro Rege Deiotaro (Em defesa do rei Deiotaro) 14 Pro Lig. – Pro Ligario (Em defesa de Ligário) Pro Marc. – Pro Marcello (Em defesa de Marcelo) Truc. – Truculentus (Truculento) 15 SUMÁRIO INTRODUÇÃO ............................................................................................................ 18 1 A ARS GRAMMATICA E A TRADIÇÃO LATINA .............................................. 23 1.1 OS GRAMMATICI
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