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Thesis/Dissertation Non-Exclusive License THESIS/DISSERTATION NON-EXCLUSIVE LICENSE Family Name: Preston Given Name, Middle Name (if applicable): Nathaniel Full Name of University: University of Prince Edward Island Faculty, Department, School: Arts, Island Studies Degree for which thesis/dissertation was presented: Master of Date Degree Awarded: May, 2018 Arts Thesis/dissertation Title: Lost Mermaids: The Social and Economic Impacts of Development for Haenyeo Culture and Jeju Island Date of Birth. It is optional to supply your date of birth. If you choose to do so please note that the information will be included in the bibliographic record for your thesis/dissertation. In consideration of my University making my thesis/dissertation available to interested persons, I, Nathaniel Preston hereby grant a non-exclusive, for the full term of copyright protection, license to my University, University of Prince Edward Island________________________________: (a) to archive, preserve, produce, reproduce, publish, communicate, convert into any format, and to make available in print or online by telecommunication to the public for non-commercial purposes; (b) to sub-license to Library and Archives Canada any of the acts mentioned in paragraph (a). I undertake to submit my thesis/dissertation, through my University, to Library and Archives Canada. Any abstract submitted with the thesis/dissertation will be considered to form part of the thesis/dissertation. I represent that my thesis/dissertation is my original work, does not infringe any rights of others, including privacy rights, and that I have the right to make the grant conferred by this non-exclusive license. If third party copyrighted material was included in my thesis/dissertation for which, under the terms of the Copyright Act, written permission from the copyright owners is required I have obtained such permission from the copyright owners to do the acts mentioned in paragraph (a) above for the full term of copyright protection I retain copyright ownership and moral rights in my thesis/dissertation, and may deal with the copyright in my thesis/dissertation, in any way consistent with rights granted by me to my University in this non-exclusive license. I further promise to inform any person to whom I may hereafter assign or license my copyright in my thesis/dissertation of the rights granted by me to my University in this non-exclusive license. Signature Date October 12, 2017 i University of Prince Edward Island Faculty of Arts Charlottetown CERTIFICATION OF THESIS WORK We, the undersigned, certify that Nathaniel Preston, candidate for the degree of Master of Arts (Island Studies) at the University of Prince Edward Island, Canada, has presented a thesis, in partial fulfillment of the degree requirements, with the following title: Lost Mermaids: The Social and Economic Impacts of Development for Haenyeo Culture and Jeju Island; that the thesis is acceptable in form and content, and that a satisfactory knowledge of the field covered by the thesis was demonstrated by the candidate through an oral examination held on October 11th, 2017. Examiners Supervisor ___________________________________ Dr. Godfrey Baldacchino Committee member ___________________________________ Dr. Irene Novaczek External examiner ___________________________________ Dr. William O’Grady Date October 11th, 2017 ii UNIVERSITY OF PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND LOST MERMAIDS: THE SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF DEVELOPMENT FOR HAENYEO CULTURE AND JEJU ISLAND by NATHANIEL PRESTON A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF ARTS, IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS IN ISLAND STUDIES CHARLOTTETOWN, PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND OCTOBER, 2017 © NATHANIEL PRESTON 2017 iii Table of Contents Acknowledgements ..................................................................................................................................... vii Abstract ...................................................................................................................................................... viii Chapter 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Jeju Island: A New Dawn ..................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 The qualities of islandness .................................................................................................................. 3 1.3 Introducing Jeju Island ........................................................................................................................ 6 1.4 Research Question and Goal ............................................................................................................... 8 Chapter 2 Theoretical Framework ............................................................................................................. 9 2.1 Defining Development ........................................................................................................................ 9 2.2 Defining Sustainability ...................................................................................................................... 14 Chapter 3 Research Methodology ........................................................................................................... 20 3.1 Site Selection Rationale .................................................................................................................... 20 3.2 Research Methods ............................................................................................................................ 22 3.3 The Research Process ........................................................................................................................ 27 3.4 Strengths and Limitations ................................................................................................................. 29 Chapter 4 The National Context .............................................................................................................. 33 4.1 The Korean Wave .............................................................................................................................. 33 4.2 Korean Economic Development Policy ............................................................................................. 37 4.3 Confucian Culture ............................................................................................................................. 52 Chapter 5 The Case Of Jeju Province ....................................................................................................... 57 5.1 The Many Facets of Jeju .................................................................................................................... 57 5.2 Jeju Climate ....................................................................................................................................... 66 5.3 Jeju People ........................................................................................................................................ 68 5.4 Jeju Language .................................................................................................................................... 73 5.5 Jeju Stories and Culture .................................................................................................................... 74 5.6 Jeju Sa Sam ........................................................................................................................................ 78 5.7 Imagining Jeju ................................................................................................................................... 88 Chapter 6 Haenyeo Divers ....................................................................................................................... 95 6.1 Haenyeo Divers ................................................................................................................................. 95 6.2 Sea Fields & Coastal Governance .................................................................................................... 107 Chapter 7 Jeju Archipelago Development ............................................................................................. 111 7.1 Modern Development ..................................................................................................................... 112 7.2 Migration ......................................................................................................................................... 115 iv 7.3 Community and Poverty ................................................................................................................. 117 7.4 NACF, Saemaul Undong and Jeju Development Path: .................................................................... 118 7.5 Tourism Development..................................................................................................................... 122 7.6 Images as Stories ............................................................................................................................. 129 Chapter 8 Discussion ................................................................................................................................. 148 8.1 Culture: The Original Force for Island Development. ..................................................................... 149 8.2 Tourism Development....................................................................................................................
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