2016 Schultz. T. Xangai E O Devir Urbano

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2016 Schultz. T. Xangai E O Devir Urbano 9"/("* &0%&7*363#"/0$)*/­4 %"4$*%"%&4%0.&*0%0.6/%0 ¤436°/"4%0'65630 5*"(04$)6-5; UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DA BAHIA FACULDADE DE ARQUITETURA PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM ARQUITETURA E URBANISMO MESTRADO EM ARQUITETURA E URBANISMO TIAGO SCHULTZ CORTES FREIRE RAMOS XANGAI E O DEVIR URBANO CHINÊS DAS CIDADES DO MEIO DO MUNDO ÀS RUÍNAS DO FUTURO Salvador – Bahia – Brasil Outubro de 2016 TIAGO SCHULTZ CORTES FREIRE RAMOS XANGAI E O DEVIR URBANO CHINÊS DAS CIDADES DO MEIO DO MUNDO ÀS RUÍNAS DO FUTURO Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós- Graduação em Arquitetura e Urbanismo da Universidade Federal da Bahia PPG-AU/FAUFBA como requisito para obtenção do título de Mestre em Arquitetura e Urbanismo. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Pasqualino Romano Magnavita Salvador – Bahia – Brasil Outubro de 2016 Faculdade de Arquitetura da UFBA – Biblioteca R176 Ramos, Tiago Schultz Cortes Freire . Xangai e o devir urbano chinês: das cidades do meio do mundo às ruínas do futuro / Tiago Schultz Cortes Freire Ramos. 2016. 366 f. : il. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Pasqualino Romano Magnavita. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal da Bahia, Faculdade de Arquitetura, Salvador, 2016. 1. Planejamento urbano - Xangai (China). I. Magnavita, Pasqualino Romano. II. Universidade Federal da Bahia. Faculdade de Arquitetura. III. Título. CDU: 711.4(511) Dedico este trabalho aos meus amados pais, Marco e Clara, à minha amada irmã Luiza, à minha família, e aos meus queridos amigos. AGRADECIMENTOS Este trabalho é o resultado de uma conexão. Ou melhor, de múltiplas conexões, das mais plurais e heterogêneas, por vezes afetuosas e instigantes, por outras acadêmicas, intelectuais, desterritorializantes, improváveis e desnorteadoras, mas de perto, quase sempre simples, anônimas, potentes e, principalmente, criativas. Nasceu de um encontro. Primeiramente de um encontro de amor, carinho e plenitude, a este encontro devo a minha vida, criação e caráter, por isso agradeço aos meus pais, Marco e Clarissa, coautores e cumplices de quaisquer jornadas que me aventurei até aqui. A importância da minha irmã Luiza nesta trajetória é inenarrável, o que dizer da pessoa mais incrível e mais legal com a qual tenho a felicidade de dividir tantas emoções e realizações, irmã, obrigado por tudo, hoje e sempre. Amo vocês três! Agradeço aos meus avós, Gilton e Angélica, Claudionor e Zelina, uma imensidão de sabedoria acumulada e reconfigurada em acalento, proteção e existência criativa, por entre raízes e rizomas, são ao mesmo tempo potência e filiação, a linha e o linho, pura linhagem, muito obrigado! Às minhas tias Cristina pelos conselhos, Carol por compartilhar comigo a profissão, à tia Zélia e Julita, aos meus tios, à Nil, à querida Leozinha e às famílias Schultz/Cortes/Freire/Ramos, pelo cuidado e, um agradecimento especial, a todo amor e carinho de minha tia (e madrinha) Gerta. Dos encontros da vida, agradeço ao arquiteto anônimo do século XXI, certamente um desses encontros inusitados, potentes e criativos que vos falei, pelas orientações e pela amizade que evoluiu desde as primeiras observações sobre anteprojeto, passando pela confiança e liberdade referentes ao tema e objeto, que acompanhou brilhantemente, sempre atento, gentil e crítico, de forma intrigante e instigante, por entre leituras, conversas e conexões, através das diversas teorias da arquitetura e do urbanismo, pelos e-mails trocados, pelos desenhos, sugestões, inúmeras conversas, por todo o apoio e compreensão, e por me abrir as portas ao pensamento político, filosófico, ético-estético de Deleuze e Guattari, dentre tantos outros, meu muito obrigado ao professor Pasqualino Romano Magnavita, orientador deste trabalho. Grande abraço, Pasqua! <3 Por todo o suporte e companheirismo, por se aventurar comigo na minha ida à campo, e pela coragem de se perder em cidades-fantasma na Mongólia Interior (extremo norte da China) agradeço a Adalberto, com quem pude discutir vários aspectos desta pesquisa, e dividir o interesse em comum pelo futuro da arquitetura enquanto arte e campo ampliado de estudos. Inclusive por partilhar o interesse por este imenso país que vive um novo momento, composto por uma subjetividade povoada por novos dragões, alguns orientados pelo axioma da propriedade privada, outros vorazes como a própria hiperurbanização em curso, ou intempestivos como aqueles que provocam mudanças radicais em modos de vida milenares. Porém sem esquecermos de que estes são sempre desestabilizados por dragões insurgentes, resistentes e criativamente potentes, se considerarmos a figura mitológica do dragão chinês que, fundamentalmente diferente1 do ocidental, representa sempre o devir, permitindo o nascimento do novo: a transformação por vir, ou, como defende o I Ching, a eterna mutação, sem princípio nem fim. Aos amigos que me apoiaram nesta empreitada e que seguem, cada um a seu jeito, sempre por perto e torcendo um pelo outro, meu muito obrigado aos meus incríveis amigos Vanessa, Osnildo, Serginho, Loló, Laila, Roger, Weslley, Priscila, Indira, Juliana, Bruna, César, e aos queridos amigos do mestrado e chegados do Laboratório Urbano Amine, Gabriel, Cícero, Santiago, Leo, Lucas, Lumena, Paula, Bel, aos professores, Angela, Any e Heliodório, Wo e Thaís, por todos os debates, aprendizados e conhecimento compartilhado por entre seminários, grupos de pesquisa e disciplinas ministradas, e aos professores Paola Berenstein Jacques e Eduardo Teixeira de Carvalho pelo tirocínio docente na disciplina Atelier VI. Aos demais integrantes das linhas de pesquisa que integrei, Processos Urbanos Contemporâneos e Teoria e Crítica da Arquitetura e do Urbanismo, e da pesquisa permanente Cronologia do Pensamento Urbanístico que, cada um a seu modo, ajudaram a traçar o escopo teórico e o pensamento historiográfico desta dissertação de mestrado. Agradeço àqueles que nos receberam na China, um mundo ainda desconhecido para mim, nossos interlocutores/interpretes chineses nas cidades por quais estivemos, Pequim, Ordos, Xangai, Suzhou, Hangzhou, Tianducheng, Shenzhen e Hong Kong, por quase dois meses de viagem, muito obrigado pelas trocas, pelo tempo, pelos caminhos, pela coragem e por nos mostrarem suas cidades através das suas experiências e perspectivas, por partilharem um pouco conosco suas angústias e incertezas quanto ao futuro das cidades, mas, principalmente, por aceitarem nos mostrar seu cotidiano (extremamente revelador e inventivo) em um país em plena transformação, por entre derivas e deambulações desterritorializantes, em meio a demolições, construções, arranha-céus e ruínas, que 1 O dragão chinês é composto por partes de diferentes animais como os olhos do tigre, corpo de serpente, orelha de boi, corpo de veado, bigode de carpa, etc., e simboliza o poder do fogo, a sabedoria e o Império; é considerado o regente do tempo. Símbolo da arte chinesa, esta figura mitológica longilínea também simboliza o poder no folclore, e durante algum tempo tinha uma conotação agressiva, que o governo procurou evitar ao máximo como emblema nacional, substituindo-o pelo panda gigante, bem mais amistoso, dócil e mais fácil de controlar tanto física quanto psiquicamente. Os animais foram importantes para a identidade étnica oriental: os chineses tinham os dragões, os tibetanos os macacos e entre os nômades mongóis os lobos. A figura do dragão é tão importante subjetivamente falando que foi apropriado pelo capital estrangeiro e recentemente figurou a desastrosa campanha publicitária da Nike – na qual um jogador de basquetebol americano matava um dragão chinês –, que foi imediatamente rejeitada pelo povo e depois censurada pelo governo chinês. fizemos juntos. Por terem nos apresentado as diversas Chinas existentes, nosso muito obrigado – xie xie! À banca examinadora, os professores doutores Fernando Gigante Ferraz e César Floriano dos Santos, agradeço a gentileza de compartilhar deste momento tão importante, de fechamento de ciclo, este ritual de passagem que é o mestrado, e por contribuírem para o aprimoramento e edição deste trabalho que, espero eu, possa contribuir para novas percepções sobre os rumos da nossa disciplina, bem como de suas teorias e práticas arquitetônicas/urbanísticas que vem configurando, ou melhor, desfigurando cidades inteiras, cada vez mais reféns do duplo Estado-Capital, capturadas pelos axiomas mercadológicos mais fetichistas, da propriedade privada e intelectual, resultantes da fórmula espetacular engendrada pelo mass media do capitalismo informacional e marcada por mercadorias made in China. Não posso deixar de usar este espaço para agradecer ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Arquitetura e Urbanismo (PPGAU) da Faculdade de Arquitetura da Ufba (FAUFBA), e a todos os professores, funcionários, secretários, bibliotecários, zeladores, pois o saber é um agenciamento coletivo e cada um de vocês é parte fundamental desta engrenagem maior deste pequeno universo que é a Ufba/Faufba/Ppgau, universidade na qual me graduei Arquiteto e Urbanista em 2011. Aproveito também para agradecer ao CNPq pelo apoio e financiamento desta pesquisa.2 Um obrigado especial a todos aqueles que de alguma forma contribuíram neste processo de (muito) aprendizado e afetos, aos demais colegas da minha turma de mestrado, e todos aqueles que por ventura acompanharam todo o nosso amadurecimento intelectual, pessoal e coletivo, direta ou indiretamente. Por fim, deixo uma última mensagem, muito cativante e estimulante, enviada por nosso querido arquiteto-anônimo, que diz assim: a vida merece o nosso amor e carinho, só assim poderemos torna-la bela no desejo de criar. 2 Foram dois anos
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