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Final Report Fisheries Development Corporation Report FRDC Project 2002/016 FINAL REPORT Synthesis and gap assessment of fish dietary data required for modelling ecosystems in south-western Australia Margaret Platell and Norm Hall February 2006 Centre for Fish and Fisheries Research Murdoch University Murdoch, Western Australia 6150 ISBN: 86905-884-3 Published by Murdoch Print. Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia 6150 (2004) Copyright Fisheries Research and Development Corporation and Murdoch University Centre for Fish and Fisheries Research, 2004 This work is copyright. Except as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968 (Cth), no part of this publication may be reproduced by any process, electronic or otherwise, without the specific written permission of the copyright owners. Neither may information be stored electronically in any form whatsoever without such permission. The Fisheries Research and Development Corporation plans, invests in and manages fisheries research and development throughout Australia. It is a statutory authority within the portfolio of the federal Minister for Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, jointly funded by the Australian Government and the fishing industry. i ii Table of Contents Table of Contents................................................................................................ iii Non-technical summary.................................................................................... vii Acknowledgements............................................................................................. xi Benefits and adoption........................................................................................ xii Further development........................................................................................xiii Planned outcomes ............................................................................................. xiv Chapter 1 Introduction...................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background: diets of fishes.................................................................................... 1 1.2 Background: dietary data in south-western Australia ............................................ 3 1.3 Objectives............................................................................................................... 4 1.4 Main approaches of the project.............................................................................. 4 1.5 Gap analysis ........................................................................................................... 6 1.5.1 Nearshore and offshore marine waters of south-western Australia ............... 6 1.5.2 Estuaries in south-western Australia ............................................................ 10 1.5.3 Future directions........................................................................................... 19 1.6 Outline of final report .......................................................................................... 19 Chapter 2 Development of the “Guts” database ............................................ 21 2.1 Introduction.......................................................................................................... 21 2.2 Approaches........................................................................................................... 21 Chapter 3 Diets of three teleost species in the lower and middle Swan Estuary ............................................................................................ 27 3.1 Introduction and aims........................................................................................... 27 3.2 Materials and methods ......................................................................................... 28 3.2.1 Dietary analyses............................................................................................ 29 3.3 Results.................................................................................................................. 30 3.3.1 Overall species patterns................................................................................ 30 3.3.2 Multivariate analyses of the dietary compositions of the three species........ 33 3.3.3 Multivariate analyses of the dietary compositions of Apogon rueppellii ..... 34 3.3.4 Multivariate analyses of the dietary compositions of Pseudorhombus jenynsii ...................................................................................................................... 39 3.3.5 Multivariate analyses of the diets of Platycephalus endrachtensis .............. 42 3.3.6 Does increasing body size affect the dietary compositions of Apogon rueppellii ? .................................................................................................... 45 3.4 Discussion ............................................................................................................ 47 3.4.1 Interspecific comparisons ............................................................................. 47 3.4.2 Influence of site, season and time of day on dietary compositions ............... 48 3.4.3 Size-related changes in the diets of Apogon rueppellii ................................. 49 3.4.4 How can this data be used for ecosystem modelling? .................................. 49 iii Chapter 4 Dietary compositions of Aldrichetta forsteri and Mugil cephalus in different estuaries ...........................................................................51 4.1 Introduction.......................................................................................................... 51 4.2 Materials and methods ......................................................................................... 52 4.2.1 Sampling regime in Peel-Harvey and Swan estuaries.................................. 52 4.2.2 Sampling regime in Wilson Inlet................................................................... 52 4.2.3 Laboratory analyses...................................................................................... 53 4.2.4 Data analyses................................................................................................ 53 4.3 Results.................................................................................................................. 55 4.3.1 Overall comparisons..................................................................................... 55 4.3.2 Dietary compositions of Aldrichetta forsteri and Mugil cephalus in the Swan and Peel-Harvey estuaries........................................................................... 57 4.3.3 Dietary compositions of Aldrichetta forsteri in the Swan River and Peel- Harvey estuaries .......................................................................................... 58 4.3.4 Dietary compositions of Mugil cephalus in the Swan River and Peel-Harvey estuaries ....................................................................................................... 63 4.3.5 Dietary compositions of Aldrichetta forsteri in two west coast and one south coast estuary ................................................................................................ 62 4.4 Discussion ............................................................................................................ 65 4.4.1 Interspecific comparisons in the three estuaries........................................... 65 4.4.2 Influence of site and season on dietary compositions in the Swan and Peel- Harvey estuaries .......................................................................................... 66 4.4.3 Size-related changes in the diets of Aldrichetta forsteri and Mugil cephalus in the Swan and Peel-Harvey estuaries ....................................................... 67 4.4.4 How can this dietary data be used for ecosystem modelling? ...................... 67 Chapter 5 Diets of six commercially and recreationally important teleost species in Wilson Inlet....................................................................69 5.1 Introduction and aims........................................................................................... 69 5.2 Materials and methods ......................................................................................... 70 5.2.1 Sampling regime and laboratory processing................................................ 70 5.2.2 Dietary analyses............................................................................................ 71 5.3 Results.................................................................................................................. 72 5.3.1 Overall species patterns................................................................................ 72 5.3.2 Intraspecific comparisons of dietary compositions ...................................... 77 5.3.3 Interspecific comparisons of the dietary compositions of the six species..... 83 5.4 Discussion ............................................................................................................ 86 5.4.1 Intraspecific comparisons............................................................................. 86 5.4.2 Interspecific differences ................................................................................ 87 5.4.3 Intra- and interspecific differences in relation to intrinsic and extrinsic factors........................................................................................................... 88 5.4.3 Influence of site, season and method of capture on dietary compositions.... 89 5.4.4
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