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Camera Mechanics​• Types of Lenses • Digital Sensors • Fundamentals of Lighting and Exposu

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Camera Mechanics​• Types of Lenses • Digital Sensors • Fundamentals of Lighting and Exposu Cinematography Course Schedule Saturday: 10:00 AM to 7:00 PM Sunday through Wednesday: 4:30 to 9:00 PM Instructor: Christopher Turiello E: [email protected] Wednesday 4/20/16 Reading: Kris Malkiewicz, “Cameras” , Cinematography pp. 1-8, 12-35 ​ Dave Viera, “Basic Lighting Concepts” Lighting for Film and Digital Cinematography, pp. 4-15 ​ ​ Dave Viera, “Basic Exposure Concepts” Lighting for Film and Digital Cinematography, pp. 51-61 ​ ​ Background Reading: Kandel & Schwartz, “The Retina and Phototransduction” Principles of Neural Science, pp. 344-347 ​ Kandel & Schwartz, “Anatomy of the Central Visual Pathways” Principles of Neural Science, pp. 356-358 ​ Saturday, 4/23/16 Part I: Camera Mechanics • Types of Lenses • Digital Sensors • Fundamentals of Lighting and ​ ​ Exposure Film: Clip from Light Fantastic episode 1: beginning until 29:00, Light beginnings, Bacon ​ ​ Lighting for film and Digital Fundamentals of Lighting 1. Light Quality 2. Color Temperature 3. Light source direction 4. Shadow Exercise: Lighting fundamentals; how to control quality, color, shadow. Film: Kamal Reading clip ***Exercise: Building a Camera Obscura Film: Clip from Orson Welles Learning the Camera: 4:55 - 6:28 ​ ​ Cinematography 1. Principle of intermittent movement 2. Camera speeds 3. Shutter Clip of Light Fantastic - Photography begin at 38:53 -- 15 mins. ​ ​ Film: Clip from Light Fantastic - lenses 1:30 + telescope clips ​ ​ 4. Lenses a. F stops & t stops b. Lens speed c. Coatings d. Optimal range e. Focusing f. Zoom lenses g. Optical attachments and close up work h. Tilt focus i. Anamorphic lenses j. Lens mounts 5. Optics a. Depth of field b. Depth of focus c. Focal lengths and perspective ***Exercise #1. - lens perspective Reading: Rudolf Arnheim, “Light” , Art and Visual Perception pp. 315-320 (Shadows) ​ ​ Rudolf Arnheim, “Color” , Art and Visual Perception pp. 337-343 (How colors come about, The ​ ​ Generative Primaries, Addition and Subtraction, Generative complementaries) Nestor Almendros, “Days of Heaven”, A Man with a Camera ​ Background Reading: Nestor Almendros, “Thoughts on my Profession”, A Man with a Camera ​ Kandel & Schwartz, “Color Vision” Principles of Neural Science ​ Sunday 4/24/16 Part II: Light • Shadows • German Expressionism • Hollywood Studio Lighting • Impressionist ​ Paintings • Degas • Jack Cardiff • Zone System Day Two: Kamal Intro: What are our goals of the collective film? Degas Approach: “Make a Drawing, Begin it again, Trace it, Begin it again, and Retrace it.” Chris Intro: Degas experiments, look at Paintings of Ballet Dancers • Important concepts to memorize -- remind students of f-stops, focal lengths, while we watch clip. Clips from Exercise #1: Lens Perspective Clip from Visions of Light: Opening until 10:43; Birth of Cinema, 1920s- early 1930s, ​ ​ Clips from Nosferatu (F.W. Murnau, Fritz Arno Wagner,1922) Warning Shadows (Arthur ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Robison, Fritz Arno Wagner 1923), Vampyr (Carl Dreyer, Rudolph Maté, 1932), The Passion of ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Joan of Arc (Carl Dreyer, Rudolph Maté1928) The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari, Robert Wiene, Willy ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Hameister, 1920) The Last Laugh (F.W. Murnau, Karl Freund, 1924) Metropolis, (Fritz Lang, ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Karl Freund, 1927) Sunrise (F.W. Murnau, Karl Struss) 5. Incident meter 6. T stops 7. Zone system Fundamentals of Exposure 1. Luminance range a. Objects can absorb, transmit, reflect incident light b. Reflectance factor c. Overall luminance range - ratio of highest significant luminance in the shot to the lowest. ***Exercise #2 -- Camera Exposure -- Sensor Testing / Basics of Camera operation and basics ​ of setting up lights. How Color in Light effects color in Shadows. Safety**** and Organization -- break-- Film Clips: Clip from Visions of Light: 13:12-23:30 Actors, Lighting in Hollywood, 1930s, ​ ​ Marlene Detrich, 1940s, Greg Tolland, Citizen Kane; Clip from Cameraman: Jack Cardiff, ​ ​ 8:20-16:55: Marlene Detrich, Technicolor Camera, Painting Session III: Color • Impressionist Paintings • Degas • Nestor Almendros, Days of Heaven ​ ​ ​ ​ Clip of Light Fantastic - Color 25 mins Clip from Cameraman: Jack Cardiff, 21:30-35:11 Powell & Pressburger, Cardiff’s first film, A Matter of ​ ​ ​ Life and Death, Black Narcissus, The Red Shoes; Ballerina Jump Example related to Degas Painting Clip from Visions of Light: 1:12:35 Days of Heaven -- section ​ ​ Clip from Making of Days of Heaven - DVD 20:27 + 11:35, Haskell Wexler. Reading: Sergei Eisenstein, “mise-en-shot , Lessons with Eisenstein ​ Rudolf Arnheim, “Balance”, Art and Visual Perception pp. 10-41 ​ ​ Marty Ollstein, “Basic Digital Concepts” American Cinematographer Manual 10th Edition, pp. 9-29 Nestor Almendros, “Paris vu par”, “La Collectionneuse”, A Man with a Camera ​ Background Reading: Kandel & Schwartz, “Processing Form and Movement in the Visual System” Principles of Neural Science ​ Nestor Almendros, “The Wild Races & More”, A Man with a Camera pp. 63-74 ​ Monday 4/25/16 Session IV: Form • Mise-en-shot • First Films • Free Camera • Movement Coverage • 180 Degree ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Rule • Triangle Principle ​ ​ Clip from Visions of Light: 36:31-53:15 French New Wave, Storarro, 1960s-1970s, Conrad Hall, Haskell ​ ​ Wexler, Vilmos Zigmund, Roman Polanski door shot Clip from The Cutting Edge: The Magic of Movie Editing: 1:02:00-1:06:00, The rules of ​ ​ coverage, Breathless breaking the rules Shooting Day 1: Beach - Twilight, and Streets - Night Camera: Tripod and Zoom Lens, during magic hour. Camera: Handheld, wide angle and normal lens, night exteriors, no artificial light. Reading: Dave Viera, “Basic Light Placements” Lighting for Film and Digital Cinematography, pp. 17-41 ​ ​ Dave Viera, “Light Ratios” Lighting for Film and Digital Cinematography, pp. 43-50 ​ ​ Tuesday, 4/26/16 Shooting Day 2: Apartment - Night Lighting: Low Key; Expressionistic; low end of characteristic curve. Night only. Camera: Handheld, wide angle, camera movements, choreography of camera and actor Wednesday, 4/27/16 Shooting Day 3: Apartment - Night Lighting: Low Key + High Key; daylight and night. Day for night. Camera: Handheld, wide angle and normal lens; camera movement, choreography of camera and actor continued. Thursday, 4/28/16 Edit the collective film Friday, 4/29/16 Screening of Collective Film, Port of Memory at Museum of Islamic Art _________________________________________________________________________ Books: ​ Nestor Almendros, Man with a Camera ​ Rudolf Arnheim, Art and Visual Perception ​ Dave Viera, Lighting for Film and Digital Cinematography ​ Kris Malkiewicz, Cinematography Third Edition ​ Kandel & Schwartz, Principles of Neural Science ​ Film Clips: ​ Visions of Light (1992) The Cutting Edge Cameraman: The Life and Work of Jack Cardiff Light Fantastic: Episodes 1-4 Notes Things to say: Rules are what the camera can do. No rules otherwise. Additional Concepts: Basic Digital Concepts: 1. Analog and Digital 2. Pixels and Chips 3. Resolution 4. Exposure 5. Gamma and Log/Lin 6. Video vs. Data, Raw vs. de-bayered 7. Video Scanning -- interlace or progressive 8. Compression 9. Color Space 10. Aces 11. Bit Depth 12. Color Sampling 13. Look Management and Color Management 14. Digital Intermediate 15. Mastering 16. Archiving .
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