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INVEST in LOW BUSINESS Canada Ranked First Among 60 Countries for TAX RATES Quality of Life

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INVEST in LOW BUSINESS Canada Ranked First Among 60 Countries for TAX RATES Quality of Life PROFIT PERFORMANCE STABILITY PROFIT PERFORMANCE INNOVATION DIVERSITY DIVERSITYINV STABILIEST TIYN PROFIT PERFORMANCE INNOVATION PROFIT DIVERSITY STABILITY STABILITY DIVECANADA’SRSI COMPETITIVETY INN ADVANTAGESOVATION PROFIT DIVERSITY STABILITY PROFIT PERFORMANCE INNOVATION PROFIT DIVEMININGRSITY STABILITY PERFORMANCE INNOINDUSTRIESVATION DIVERSITY PROFIT PERFORMANCE STABILITY PROFIT PERFORMANCE STABITLITY PROFIT DIVERSITY STABILITY DIVERSITY INNOVATION PROFIT PERFORMANCE STABITLITY PROFIT DIVERSITY CANADA’S MINING CANADA’S KEY STRENGTHS SECTOR Abundant mineral and metal resources In 2015, Canada’s mining, mining-related A WEALTH OF Sustainable mineral support activities and mineral processing OPPORTUNITIES development: one project industries employed nearly 373,0001 workers and contributed $60.3 billion to Canada’s Canada produces some 60 minerals and and one review in a gross domestic product (GDP),1 accounting metals, and is the world’s largest producer clearly defined time period for 3.3 percent of the total GDP.1 In 2015, of potash. It is also a major producer of Canada’s mineral exports, which include ores, aluminium,* cobalt, diamonds, gold, nickel, concentrates, and semi- and final-fabricated platinum group metals, salt, tungsten Sophisticated financial mineral products, accounted for 19.1 percent and uranium.5 In Canada, there are over institutions of Canada’s total domestic exports.1 1 200 producing mines (metal, non-metal and coal); 50 non-ferrous smelters, refineries » In 2015, Canada remained the world’s and steel mills; and 7,000 stone quarries Broad expertise top destination for mineral exploration, and gravel pits. Canada’s total value of in geoscience attracting 14 percent of global non- mineral production was $40.8 billion in ferrous exploration expenditures.2 2016.6 Canada’s top five mineral products by value for 2016 were gold, copper, potash, Extensive science and » Canada had some 3,700 suppliers iron ore and coal. Their combined value was technology network in 2015.3 These are included within $24.0 billion, accounting for almost 60 percent the consulting services, contracting, of the total value of mineral production.6 equipment, supplies and consumables and support services sectors. » Canada remained the world’s top destination * (Canada accounts for a significant amount of for non-ferrous mineral exploration the global production of primary aluminium, but investment in 2015, attracting 13.5 percent does not host a domestic source of bauxite, an ore that is first processed into alumina and of global exploration budgets, while then into aluminium. Thus, Canadian-based Canadian-based companies accounted for operators must import bauxite and alumina.) 31.8 percent of global exploration budgets.1 1. Natural Resources Canada, Minerals and Metals Fact Book – 2016. Estimates based » Stock of foreign direct investment on Statistics Canada data. in Canada’s mining industry 4 2. SNL Metals and Mining, World Exploration totalled $10.4 billion in 2015. Trends 2016. 3. Mining Association of Canada, Facts & The mining industry is investing in renewable Figures of the Canadian Mining Industry energy systems to improve reliability and 2016. Based on Statistics Canada data. reduce energy costs, with renewable 4. Statistics Canada. energy systems generating power and heat 5. Natural Resources Canada, Exploration and installed or under development at mines Mining in Canada: An Investor’s Brief. 2016. in several countries, including Canada.7 Estimates based on Statistics Canada data. 6. Natural Resources Canada, Information Bulletin: Canadian Mineral Production. March 2017. 7. International Energy Agency, Renewables 2015 Global Status Report. MINERAL RESOURCES CANADA’S MINING INDUSTRY is comprised of companies covering a GREENLAND wide spectrum of activities ALASKA (USA) all along the value chain. YUKON NORTHWEST NUNAVUT TERRITORIES NEWFOUNDLAND & LABRADOR BRITISH COLUMBIA ALBERTA MANITOBA QUEBEC Edmonton SASKATCHEWAN Saskatoon Vancouver PRINCE EDWARD ONTARIO ISLAND Calgary Québec City NOVA SCOTIA Winnipeg Ottawa Halifax UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Montréal NEW BRUNSWICK Waterloo Toronto London Niagara BRITISH COLUMBIA ONTARIO » Available resources include aluminium,* copper, gold, lead, » Available resources include gold, zinc, copper, chromite, lead, zinc, coal, silver, molybdenum and nickel nickel, cobalt and diamonds » Leading companies: Teck Resources, Rio Tinto, Goldcorp » Leading companies: KGHM Polska Miedź, Vale, Glencore, De Beers Canada, Goldcorp CANADA’S NORTH » Available resources include gold, diamonds, uranium, zinc, QUEBEC copper, silver, tungsten, cobalt and nickel » Available resources include copper, gold, zinc, iron, » Leading companies: De Beers Canada, ArcelorMittal, aluminium,* magnesium, niobium, nickel and diamonds Agnico Eagle Mines Limited, Rio Tinto, TMAC Resources » Leading companies: Alcoa, Tata Steel, Rio Tinto, Glencore, Goldcorp, Hecla Mining Company ALBERTA » Available resources include oil and gas, iron and vanadium ATLANTIC CANADA » Leading companies: Repsol, Nexen-CNOOC, » Available resources in Newfoundland and Labrador: iron, gold, Ironstone Resources copper, nickel and zinc » Available resources in New Brunswick: zinc, lead, gold SASKATCHEWAN and tungsten » Available resources include potash and uranium » Available resources in Nova Scotia: gypsum and coal » Leading companies: PotashCorp, Cameco, BHP » Leading companies: Glencore, Vale, Tata Steel Billiton, The Mosaic Company, AREVA RECENT INVESTMENTS K+S Aktiengesellschaft De Beers Vale In May 2017, Germany-based A South Africa-based company, Brazil-based company Vale, by K+S celebrated the opening of the De Beers Group of Companies expanding its Voisey’s Bay open pit the new potash mine in Canada. invested in the Gahcho Kué Project, to go underground, is extending mine K+S Potash Canada’s Bethune Mine located in the Northwest Territories. life by about 15 years to 2032. An has an investment volume of around This is De Beers’ third diamond additional 400 full-time positions will $4.1 billion creating more than mine in Canada, and the total capital be created to support the underground 300 permanent jobs in Canada. cost is approximately $1 billion. operations and expanded site services. CANADA’S ADVANTAGES PUBLIC GEOSCIENCE Legislation in Canada requires the publication of all publicly funded geological surveys. Making geoscientific data available for free is meant to encourage the exploration and development of mineral and energy resources. FINANCIAL INCENTIVES INFRASTRUCTURE » Flow-through shares (FTS) enable a company to transfer eligible exploration According to the World Bank, Canada and development expenses to investors. has one of the world’s best logistics Investors can then apply for tax credit infrastructures,9 including ports and railways. for these expenditures. This feature generates attractive prices for FTS, enabling a junior company to fund GOVERNANCE exploration activities more easily. A clear and transparent pluri-jurisdictional— » Canada offers a variety of financial federal, provincial and territorial—regulatory incentives, including the accelerated regime reflecting Canada’s commitment capital cost allowance (ACCA) and to the environment and effective Canadian exploration expenses (CEE). engagement with Indigenous peoples.2 READY ACCESS EXPERTISE SECOND TO CAPITAL TO NONE Canada’s leading equity markets, the Toronto Access to a reliable supplies and service OPEN TO TRADE Stock Exchange (TSX) and the TSX Venture industry contributes to the success of AND INVESTMENT Exchange (TSXV), are home to more than investments at all stages, and Canada’s mining half of the world’s public mining companies. expertise covers the full range: exploration, Canada remains one of the world’s most open The TSX and TSXV, on a combined basis, geophysics, geology, geochemistry, remote countries in terms of trade and investment in are also the world’s number one markets sensing, drilling, exploration, financing, mining. The country does not restrict foreign for mining financing, accounting for over investment analysis, due diligence, legal involvement in the development of its mineral 50 percent of the total dollars raised in the services, analytical laboratories, engineering resources—except for uranium. Canada has global public mining sector in 2015. More services, logistical support, environmental trade and investment initiatives with North than $5 billion in public equity capital was management and more. Canada also offers America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, India, China, raised on TSX and TSXV by listed mining a skilled and experienced labour force Korea, the Americas and Africa. Canada also companies through 738 financings. This supported by skills-development programs in offers duty-free access to the United States, represents 56 percent of the number of educational institutions and training initiatives Mexico and many other global markets. global mining financings worldwide.8 led by various levels of government.2 8. Toronto Stock Exchange (TMX) Group. 2016. 9. World Bank, International Logistics Performance Index. 2016. SUPPORT PROGRAMS AND INNOVATION Canada’s mining industry develops technological innovations in the production and processing of minerals and metals, which includes the Green Mining Initiative (GMI), targeting energy efficiency and sustainable mining. Many foreign mining firms take advantage of Canada’s expertise through R&D programs and Canadian innovative technologies cover collaboration with research organizations:
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